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Vol. XXX. No. i.

CHICAGO, JANUARY 15, 1907.

Seml-Montlily, 91.00 perTear
Single Copies, - 10 Cent.

IS PRODUCER GAS A POSSIBLE FACTOR IN
CLAY WORKING OPERATIONS*

BY C. L. SMITH, MASON CITY, IA.

We think that producer gas is not only a possible factor
in clay working operations, but that it will become a very
positive one in the burning in connection with properly de¬
signed kilns.

In the production of power, we do not see that there can
be any economy in its use, except in certain cases.

We do not think it can be applied economically to present
plants using periodic kilns arranged for coal or wood burn¬
ing.

We shall not attempt to go into the details of construc¬
tion of producers, nor discuss the different types, nor take
up the technical side of the question except roughly to ex¬
plain our position.

Engineers have been working on producer problems for a
long time and are beginning to get some satisfactory results.

The Government tests in St. Louis have been rathe:
startling, and have resulted in added impetus in the study of
producer gas for power purposes. To be able to get one
horse power from one and one-half pounds of coal in the
producer as against four to five pounds in the steam boiler,
means a great deal in the fuel conservation of the world,
and economy in factory operations

Gas for power purposes is a much more difficult problem
than gas for fuel purposes. The gas must be free from dust,
soot and dirt, and all the tar products must be broken up
and converted into permanent gases, or be removed. Sul¬
phur which would corrode the engine must be removed or
reduced to a minimum.

The final products of perfect combustion — carbonic acid
and moisture, must be kept out of the gas in the process of
manufacture, cleaning and delivery, if we wish to get the
requisite power, and finally just the right amount of air
must be admitted with the gas at the time of the explosion
in the engine, and must be properly mixed with the gas.

*Read at the Sioux City Meeting of the Iowa Brick and Tile Associa¬
tion January 10.

The gas must be readily combustible, and also fairly uni¬
form in composition.

We can readily see that the engineers have quite a problem
before them, but we are plea^d to say they are succeeding
in working it out, and already there are a number of success¬
ful plants in operation. The iron and steel manufacturers
have also taken up the question, and the vast waste of fuel
from the tops of the many furnaces in the country is com¬
ing to an end, and the gas is being used under the boilers,
in the hot blast stoves, and is being used in the steel plants
where the fuel requirements is great, and no waste supply
to draw from. Recently the iron manufacturers have gone
further, and the gas is being cooled and cleaned, and im¬
mense gas engines are being built for the production of
power direct from the gas. This is only another phase of
the use of producer gas but an important one to the iron
industries in that the gas is or has been a waste product.
In one instance the cleaned gas is being carried upwards of
a mile, and furnished to brick manufacturers at a nominal
cost. The waste gas from coke ovens is also being used,
being collected and sold to other manufacturing concerns.

While all this is not pertinent to the question in hand, yet
it shows the awakening that is taking place all over the
world, and if there is anything good in it, the clay workers
want to know it, and get in line.

For purely power purposes we believe the gas producer
has come to stay, and that it will play an important part
in the future.

There are two sides to the question for the clay factories,
and any factories which have use for waste heat about the
plant will find greater economy in the steam plant than in
the producer plant.

The Efficiency of the Power Plant.

The power efficiency of gas and steam plant has been
shown in pounds of fuel in the Government test, with a
large percentage in favor of the gas plant. We wish to get
at it in another way, and will avoid technicalities as far as
possible, leaving out such items as radiation, loss in friction,
and will deal only in round numbers.

We take from Haswell the following in the generation of

OLKY RECORD.

one pound of steam at 175 lbs. pressure from water at 32
degrees F. :

Sensible heat, or heat required to raise the tem¬
perature of water from 32 to 370.8 deg. . . . 342.4 H. U.

Latent heat to produce steam . 768.2 H. U.

Latent heat to resist external pressure — 175 lbs. 83.8 H. U.

Total heat from 32 deg . L 194-4

We also take the following from Haswell in the genera¬
tion of one pound of steam at 212 deg. from water at 32
deg. :

Sensible heat from 32 to 212 deg. as before. . 181.8

Latent heat to produce steam . 892.9

Latent heat to resist atmospheric pressure. ... 71.4

Total heat . 1, 146.1 H.U.

The latter is the heat that a pound of steam will contain
when it is delivered into the air from an ordinary high pres¬
sure engine.

A comparison of these two sets of data shows that about
four per cent of the fuel consumed is sufficient to maintain
a pressure of 175 lbs. In any boiler practice we would use
the exhaust steam to heat the feed water, and in this way
recover theoretically about 16 per cent of the fuel value,
making a total of 20 per cent.

The remaining 80 per cent is available for heating pur¬
poses, and we get greater return from the fuel in heat for
drying purposes than is consumed in the power.

The following figures were taken from a diagram made

by a gas producer engineer:

First — A Steam Pozver Plant.

Recovered in available energy . 12%

Lost in engine friction . 4%

Lost in condenser . 7%

Lost in exhaust . 5°%

Lost in piping . 3%

Lost in boiler . 24%

Total . 100%

Second — A Suction Gas Producer Plant.

Recovered in available energy . 26%

Lost in engine friction . 4%

Lost in suction friction . 9%

Lost in jacket water . 20%

Lost in exhaust . 24%

Lost in scrubber . 5%

Lost in piping . 2%

Lost in producer . 10%

Total . 100%

For purely power purposes the gas producer plant gives
more than twice the available energy that can be obtained
from the steam plant.

For drying purposes we can recover 75 per cent to 80
per cent of the heat in the exhaust of the engine (steam!,
which would give over 50 per cent of the fuel value which
we would obtain from the steam plant.

It is said that we may use the exhaust gases from the gas
engine, and if so, and we recover 80 per cent of the loss,
the total obtained from the gas plant would be 45 per cent.
It must be borne in mind, however, that in case of the gas
engine exhaust, we are dealing only with the sensible heat
of the gases, — or measurable heat, and the fall in tempera¬
ture would be very rapid, while with the exhaust steam we
are dealing with latent heat, and there will be little fall in
temperature until all the steam has been condensed into
water, and is given up its 893 latent heat units, out of the
1,146 heat units which it may contain.

The gas engine exhaust may be used, but it remains to be
seen how much value we can get from it for drying purposes.

In any case, the producer plant which is more expensive
to install recovers less than 50 per cent of the fuel value
while the cheaper steam engine plant recovers over 50 per
cent of the fuel value, and such being true there is but little
inducement for clay workers, having use for the waste heat,
to put in producer gas engines at a greater cost to install
and greater cost to maintain.

Pleat Units.

Every clay worker should become familiar with heat units,
— H. U. Many, however, regard them as something to
shy at, like malignant microbes, or some other invisible evil
thing. They are so simple, and enable us to express values
intelligibly, and make comparisons, that we should culti¬
vate their acquaintance.

If we call them cents or mills there would be no trouble,
for all of us can convert the value of our fuel into mills per
pound, yet the heat unit is no more intangible than a mill.
In fact you can figure in mills if you wish, but we do not
think that so simple.

If we heat a pound of water one degree, we call the heat
necessary to do this one heat unit. You may divide the
value of a pound of coal into a fraction of a mill, if you
wish, and say that it requires so many mills’ worth of coal
to heat a pound of water one degree.

In France they take 21-5 pounds of water and heat it
1 8-10 degrees, and call that one heat unit, but the American
Unit, and the British Unit, — the B. T. U. (British Thermial
Unit), is one pound of water heated one degree. Good
bituminous coal will produce about 14,000 heat units.

From the U. S. Coal Testing Reports, we note that

Iowa Coal No. 5 has . 11,963 H. U.

Iowa Coal No. 4 has . 1 1 ,678

Iowa Coal No. 3 has . 11.6.71

Iowa Coal No. 2 has . 11,497

Iowa Coal No. 1 has . 11,443

This means that one pound of coal of each variety will
heat up eleven thousand odd pounds of water one degree F.

Latent heat is the sticker with some of us, and we should
get it clear in our minds. We know that it takes heat to
melt ice, yet so long as the ice is melting there is no evi¬
dence of any increase in temperature. The water and the
ice have the same temperature.

So also with water and steam, when the water begins to
boil it has attained a temperature of about 212 deg., and the
steam leaving the top of the kettle is also 212 deg., yet it
takes a lot of heat to boil away a kettle of water. What
becomes of this heat? It is used up in changing the state
of matter from a solid to a liquid, or from a liquid to a
gaseous, and we call it latent. It is not lost, however, be¬
cause when we change the steam back into water, we get all
this heat given up, and we can use it in our heating and
drying operations.

Driers.

The use of direct heat in a dryer, exceot in starting up
a plant, or during some interval when waste heat, or exhaust
steam is not available, is rapidly becoming a thing of the
past, and we cannot see any possible future for gas pro¬
ducers in this branch of our work.

Kilns.

Many clay workers are now considering and discussing
the Gas Producer as a possible factor in the cheapening and
improving the burning, and we believe the producer will
play an important role in this part of our work. In con¬
sidering this question, it is necessary to roughly discuss the
steps in combustion of fuel. Bituminous coals are made up
of carbon, hydrogen, sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, and ash.

The first three are the combustible elements, but in order
not to complicate the discussion, we will consider the carbon
alone.

As previously stated the combustion of one pound of good

CLAY RECORD.

1 <r>

r0°

• 3

coal should produce about 14,000 B. T. U. This means
perfect combustion.

We may burn carbon to carbonic oxide which will pro¬
duce 4,450 B. T. U., or we may burn to carbonic acid, which
is the complete combustion, and produce 14,000 B. T. U.

In the producer the combustion is imperfect, in that the
carbon is only burned to carbonic oxide, and the gas from
the producer when mixed with air, and ignited, will pro¬
duce 9,550 B. T. U.

The 4,450 heat units consumed in the producer are used
to distil the volatile gases, break up the steam into hydrogen
and oxygen, and in raising the temperature of the gases
which are carried to the kiln.

If we could deliver all this heat to the kiln and get also
all the heat from the combustion of the unburned gases,
there would be no loss in the producer work, and it would
be an ideal method of burning.

This, however, we cannot do. The gases cool down as
they pass through the flues to the kilns and the longer the
flues, the more the cooling. As they cool down, beginning
very close to the producer, soot and tar products, etc., be¬
gin to be deposited in the flues, and in a week’s run the flues
are entirely choked up, and have to be burned out, using
a strong draft. All the heat from this is lost, together with
the sensible heat in the gases, and that lost by radiation
from the producer.

What per cent of the initial heat is lost will depend upon
the location of the kiln with reference to the producer. One
engineer who is exploiting gas producers, says that the
average producer gas has 150 B. T. U. to the cubic foot,
and one pound of coal will make sixty feet of gas. This
gives us 9,000 B. T. U. as the value of producer gas, — a loss
of 35 per cent from the fuel value of the coal.

We have no doubt that there are many yards that are not
getting over 35 per cent out of the value of the fuel in the
burning, but with properly constructed furnaces, they should
get much higher percentages than this.

We cannot deliver the heat from the producer to period¬
ical kilns and get the value out of the fuel, and to make the
producer a possible factor in such kiln, we must get better
results from the kilns, with less labor and cost in repairs,
and it remains to be shown by gas producer advocates that
there is economy in the use of the producer for periodic
kilns.

The advantages of producer gas are better re.p-ulation of
the combustion in the kiln, cleaner results, less repairs, and
minimum labor.

To offset these are the loss in fuel value and the cost of
the producer equipment, which when we consider the ducts
which must be built to all kilns, is considerable.

It is possible that a very compact yard which producer
gas would make possible could be laid out so that the ad¬
vantages of producer gas would offset the loss, and the use
of it become practical in periodic kilns, but we do not be¬
lieve that a central producer plant will displace furnace
firing in existing yards.

It would be more practical to construct furnaces along
producer types, or to put small producers close to each kiln,
and make them part of the kiln, and in this way save the
initial heat generated in the producer.

In the continuous kiln the problem is different. Here
the kilns are very compact, — more so than is possible with
any periodic plan of kilns, reducing the producer loss to a
minimum, and also the cost of installation. Moreover, the
amount of fuel consumed in a continuous kiln is so small
that the percentage loss in the producer is insignificant, and
is more than offset by the better regulation and heat dis¬
tribution, cleaner results, and less kiln repairs.

We believe in the producer in connection with the con¬
tinuous kiln, and that the future will see not only a great

many continuous kilns put in, but also that many of them
will be fired with producer gas.

The continuous kiln will effect a great saving in fuel, —
from 50 per cent to 75 per cent, but none of this saving will
be due to the use of the producer.

On the contrary there will be some loss in the producer.

The most economical continuous kiln in fuel consumption
is that in which the fuel is distributed among the ware: the
next in economy is that in which the fuel is burned in the
kiln but in separate compartments and not in contact with
the ware : the producer gas fired kiln will rank below these.

In cleanliness of results, in kiln repairs, in uniform re¬
sults the gas fired kiln will take first rank.

In a producer gas fired continuous kiln with the producer
a part of the kiln, we do not think the loss on account of
the producer will exceed 20 per cent, and may be less than
that.

If we are using 100 pounds of fuel per ton of ware in a
coal fired kiln, we would require 125 pounds in the producer
on the basis of 20 per cent loss. With coal at $3 per ton the
cost of the fuel in the producer fired kiln would be about
four cents per ton more than in the coal fired. This and
more we will get back in cleaner product, better results, less
kiln repairs, and minimum labor, etc.

Engineers are working upon improvements in the pro¬
ducers so that the gas made will be permanent, — that is, that
all the tar products, etc., which are deposited in the flues
with any reduction of the sensible heat of the gases, shall
be broken up and converted into combustible gases which
will remain such at low temperatures.

We have no doubt this will be worked out, and it will be
a decided advance in producer work, but in its present stage,
such producers are impossible factors in our enterprises on
account of the greater loss of fuel in their operation.

We must be content for the present with the common
producer, with its attendant irregularity in the gas compo¬
sition, and the flue deposits, etc., but with all this we be¬
lieve that there, is a good return in better results, in the use
of the producer with a continuous kiln and that it has come
to stav.

103932

BRICK BETTER FOR HIGHWAYS

Is it cheaper to pave country roads with macadam than
with brick ? This question is being figured out by Pennsyl¬
vania state highway officials and also by other engineers. The
latest belief is that the brick construction is the cheapest;
not in actual cost at the time of building, but in the ulti¬
mate cost after several years of use.

Various roads built by the state highway department, in¬
cluding the road between Williamsport and Cogan Station,
are furnishing convincing proof that macadam is one of
the most expensive of road building materials. It can be
constructed generally for about one dollar per square yard
but the cost of repairs to it is fast proving to be heavy.
This is not necessarily due to the fact that it is macadam,
but to the present method of conducting repair work, which
is entirely in the hands of township supervisors. These of¬
ficials, as a rule, are not familiar with scientific methods of
repairing stone roads and consequently they cause to be ex¬
pended much unnecessary time as well as expense.

Brick pavement, with gravel foundation and sand filler,
can be constructed in the country for about $1.35 per square
yard. This cost does not include bridges, culverts, or giad-
ing, but expense for these features is alike in both cases.
Curbing is necessary for brick pavement and the state will
not furnish the necessary expense. That feature stands as
the principal barrier to the construction of brick roads.

CLAY RECORD,

[' SOME ESSENTIAL POINTS ABOUT GLAZE

CONSTRUCTION

No clayworker’s education can be considered complete
unless he knows something of the underlying principles that
govern the construction of glazes. Not that the average
clayworker has frequent and urgent calls for such knowl¬
edge, since, apart from anything new, glazes do not call
for frequent readjustment in clay working establishments.
A cheap reliable glaze, that is exactly suitable for the work,
and gives little or no trouble in the burning, having been
once obtained, may be in uninterrupted use for years. For
this reason a clayworker may pass a lifetime in the manage¬
ment of a pottery without any questions turning upon the
construction and adjustment of a glaze being raised. Never¬
theless, an occasion may arise, for improvements are al¬
ways possible, and this is an age of research and investiga¬
tion. It is, moreover, a difficult matter to keep one’s trade,
for any length of time, in any given particular groove, and
he is best prepared for immediate and prospective changes
who is best informed upon the higher technics of his art,
says a writer in the British Clayivorker.

It is not too much to say that the number of glaze re¬
ceipts current in the clayworking industry are far in excess
of the number required. Many old-time glazes are, in con¬
stitution, complicated enough to satisfy the most exacting
taste ; they are fearful and wonderful to a degree. How¬
ever, an exhaustive inquiry into their many peculiarities is
quite outside the scope of this article. It will be sufficient
for all practical purposes to confine matters to glazes falling
between cones 7 and 9, since they cover the burning tem¬
peratures of practically all the glazed bricks and general
stoneware pottery of the country. Granted that, in the light
of modern knowledge, all the complexity of old-time glaze
construction was quite unnecessary for the work, it must
not be assumed that a given glaze, capable of fulfilling each
and every requirement, may be at all times constructed.
Some little adjustment is generally necessary to bring the
glaze into full agreement with the body it covers, to say
nothing of considerations of colour, or of the texture, bright¬
ness, dullness, etc., of the finished glaze. Be this as it may,
the clayworker will find little or no difficulty in the matter
provided he follows out the instructions herein contained.

In the first place, it is by far the better plan for the clay¬
worker to construct his own glaze straight away than to
spend time and money in endeavouring to adapt some out¬
side glaze for his wares. It should be mentioned, in passing,
that these remarks are not directed to soft lead, or fritted,
glazes ; they have to do with ordinary felspathic glazes, ma¬
turing at about 1,280 deg. Centigrade. The first two im¬
portant points to be observed in their construction are cheap¬
ness and simplicity. Hence, in the matter of fluxes, the
clayworker must limit his choice to felspar and whiting,
and, apart from the economy attending the use of these
substances, no more satisfactory materials could be selected
for th& work. Clay and flint will complete the selection.
The clay should be china-clay for choice, since its function
is to introduce alumina into the glaze; and the best china-
clay is rich in alumina, besides being pure, free from iron,
etc., and uniform in composition. The flint will, of course.

be the ordinary water-ground flint of commerce. Given
these four materials, practically any ordinary pottery glaze,
maturing between 1,200 deg. and 1,3°° deg. Centigrade,
may be constructed, and a very few experiments, at small
cost, will enable the clayworker to adjust the glaze to any
ordinary and usual pottery body that may be employed. A
little oxide of zinc may be used, to brighten up the glaze, to
the extent of some two to four per cent. ; but it is not an
essential constituent of the glaze.

To make up the mixture in such a way as to give the
simplest means for ready adjustment should be the first aim
of the clayworker. To this end the quantities for the felspar
and whiting respectively must be definitely fixed and adhered
to. Let, therefore, eighty-eight parts of felspar, by weight,
be taken, together with thirty-six parts of whiting. This
will be the unalterable working base upon which all the
experiments will turn. Take the following mixture: —

Felspar . 88

Whiting . 36

Calcined china-clay . 16

Unburnt china-clay . 8

Oxide of zinc . 6

Flint . 36

This mixture should be ground to pass a 100-mesh sieve.
There is nothing in the mass to settle out readily ; therefore
it will remain uniform in composition for a long period of
time with very little stirring. The idea of calcining a por¬
tion of the clay is not so general in British clayworking
establishments as in those of Germany. It affords a ready
method of introducing varying quantities of alumina into
a glaze, without making the glaze mixture unworkable.
Many glazes suffer in consequence of an undue prepon¬
derance of raw clay in the mixture ; indeed, it may be taken
as a safe working rule to keep the unburnt clay down to,
say, five per cent, or thereabouts, putting in the remainder
in the ground and calcined condition. The method de¬
serves to be more widely known. The foregoing glaze mix¬
ture will admit of many variations, in the matter of clay
and flint, in accordance with the working requirements of
the finished glaze. Its rational formula may be expressed
in the following terms : —

K NaO = .2391

CaO = .6321 .46ALO3. 3 Si02.

ZnO = .1296

The glaze will give, at the temperature before mentioned,
a fine glass, slightly milky and somewhat dull. It will not
pinhole or crawl, while shivering, as may be expected from
the low content of flint, is quite out of the question. How¬
ever, it will probably craze. Now crazing is by far the
most troublesome, as it is the commonest, defect in pottery
glazes that the clayworker has to contend with, and, gen¬
erally speaking,, in a glaze of the type under discussion a
small addition of whiting, an increase in the proportion of
clay, or a higher content of flint, will suffice to overcome the
crazing; but in this case the whiting, together with the fel¬
spar, will remain as quoted. Hence, the solution of any
crazing difficulty must be sought in the relative proportions
of alumina and silica present in the glaze.

The extent of the crazing must, of course, be taken into

CLKY RECORD,

account. It may exist badly in the finest network possible,
or it may show merely as a few long isolated lines. In the
former case an addition of flint to the body covered by the
glaze is recommended, but for slight crazing a readjustment
of the clay, or, more strictly speaking, of the alumina and
silica content of the glaze, will suffice. Suppose the case of
the foregoing glaze crazing, and that the crazing is of a na¬
ture that the glazed surface gives, roughly, an average area
of a quarter of an inch for each division of the crazed sur¬
face. This would not be classed as severely crazed, neither
could it be classed as lightly, or slightly crazed; it would
admit of a midway classification. This is a case that calls
for a higher silica or alumina content ; that is to say, that
keeping the felspar and whiting constant, the alteration is
made by the direct addition of flint or alumina. The addi¬
tion of thirty parts of flint would give, approximately, an¬
other molecular equivalent of silica (Si02) to tne glaze,
with a rational formula of about 4 Si02, as against 3 SiO,
in the original glaze ; and this addition would just about
clear the crazing, and give an excellent glaze at the tem¬
perature mentioned. Of course, the addition of fifteen parts
of flint, or seven and a half parts of flint, would mean
.5 Si02 or .25 SiOz respectively, by way of added difference
to the rational formula, or, on the other hand, substracted
difference, if taken away.

The crazing may be stopped by means of alumina. An
addition of four and three-quarter parts of alumina is prac¬
tically equivalent to a one-tenth addition = .1 A1203 to the
original rational formula ; and this would clear the crazing
quite as effectively as the flint. Should the direct addition
of alumina be objected to, on account of the cost, the
addition may be made by means of the china-clay. Thir¬
teen parts of unburnt china-clay, or ten and three-quarter
parts of calcined china-clay, would contain the amount of
alumina previously referred to ; but this would mean an
addition of, say, six and a quarter parts of silica, as existing
with the alumina in the clay. Hence it would be necessary
to take off six parts of flint from the original thirty-six
parts in the mixture, in order -to preserve the original silica
content. The oxide of zinc is, of course, the most expen¬
sive item in the glaze. However, its use is a matter of per¬
sonal choice. Zinc certainly brightens a glaze and, to some
extent, acts as a flux ; it also, under certain conditions, gives
opacity and whitepess. On the other hand, certain propor¬
tions tend to clear and soften a glaze, giving a greenish col¬
oured glass. But. for the glaze under discussion the oxide
of zinc may be, entirely thrown out, its acceptance or re¬
jection having no bearing upon the points at issue.

Such are the means at the clayworker’s disposal for deal¬
ing with the commoner glazes of a pottery. But there are
exceptions ; and exceptional cases will call for exceptional
means. Sometimes a necessity arises for disguising the
natural colour of the manufactured wares, and thus a glaze
of greater opacity than that of the example given is re¬
quired. Much may be done in this direction by raising the
amount of calcined china-clay in the glaze quoted. This,
however, opens up certain difficulties. The addition of
alumina and silica raises the melting point of a glaze. This
may be stopped in part by keeping down the silica as much

as possible, though only at the expense of brightness in the
glaze, with the possible use of a little more whiting to coun¬
teract the hardening effects of the added clay. It is sur¬
prising how much of clay that may be worked into a glaze
with the assistance of whiting. Taxile Doat, late of the
National French Pottery at Sevres, gives a remarkable
glaze of this character —

Felspar . = 80 parts

Calcined china-clay . =64 ”

Unburnt china-clay . =28 ”

Whiting . = 154 ”

Flint . = 76 ”

which is about equivalent to the following rational for¬
mula : —

;^CaOa° j -^3 AI.O3. 4.5 SiOa.

This glaze works well at cone 8, and even slightly lower
if ground, say, 1,280 deg. Cent., but it is a very dull glaze.
It was used upon the great architectural fragment exhibited
by Sevres at the Exposition in 1900 (Paris), giving pleasing
contrast with bright glaze effects. However, attention must
be paid to the purity of the china-clay, which must be burnt,
or calcined, under conditions of oxidation. To this end only
the finest quality of china-clay should be employed, burning
pure white. The presence of iron, particularly under the
influence of reduction, gives harsh cold, grey tints to the
glaze.

Such, in brief, are the more important points to be ob¬
served in the construction and adjustment of glazes, at
least of those common to the manufacture of glazed bricks
and general pottery. In cases of doubt or difficulty a few
experiments upon the lines suggested should be helpful in
the highest degree.

SIOUX CITY BRICK AND TILE WORKS WILL
ADD NEW EQUIPMENT.

Plans for new machinery and equipment which will more
than double the capacity of its Riverside plant have been
completed by the Sioux City (Iowa) Brick and Tile works,
and the grading for an addition to the plant is already
begun.

When the improvements are completed next spring the
Riverside yards of the company will have a capacity of
90,000 bricks per day, or 50,000 more than the present ca¬
pacity. This will give Sioux City one of the largest brick
yards in Iowa, and will add to its standing as a large brick
manufacturing and distributing center.

A large continuous kiln which is to be constructed will
be used largely for the manufacture of building and drain
tile, which has become an important factor in the output of
the yards. A new drier also will be added, while the press¬
ing machinery now on the ground will be run to its full
capacity.

The additions will mean the employment of nearly twice
as many men as are now on the pay roll.

The company has decided to double its capacity because
of the increased demand for brick, due to the large amount
of building now being one in Sioux City and the surround¬
ing territory. The demand for drainage tile also has in¬
creased rapidly, as farmers have learned to appreciate the
good results to be obtained by its use.

SECRETARY DUERR’S ADDRESS TO THE
THIRD MEETING OF THE NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION OF MANUFACTURERS
OF SAND-LIME PRODUCUS

We meet again after a year of successes and failures.

From the general report received, I am glad to see that
it has been principally successes ; perhaps not the successes
financially that we had hoped to realize, or that we would
have liked to have had. This feeling may be due in a large
extent to the fact that a certain amount of dissatisfaction
nearly always exists when we make a certain sum, for we
feel that more might possibly have been made.

I feel satisfied, however, that we have much to congrat¬
ulate ourselves upon.

First, bv improving our product and our output, we are
gradually forging ahead.

Second, a fact perhaps even more important, we are over¬
coming rapidly the prejudices of the public, for daily we
are gaining customers who only a short time ago would not
even listen to us.

Sand-lime brick has come to this country and has come
to stay. Every day it is becoming a more important factor
in the building world. A year ago I was constantly receiv¬
ing letters for suggestions and help in the introduction of
sand-lime brick into new localities. These letters are be¬
coming fewer, and I am, on the other hand, receiving more
letters from various plants stating that they are full of or¬
ders and have been all the season. I know of several plants
that have been so busy that they were not even able to ac¬
cumulate stock during the winter season.

■ There have been a few failures, which is to be expected.
There have been some discouragements, but that has been
found also in all new industries.

Perhaps one of the greatest advances that has been made
in the past two years since the organization of this Associa¬
tion is that of the improvement of the machinery. This is
largely due to the energetic and sympathetic manner in
which the machinery people have grasped the situation and
have come to the rescue.

Still another important indication of development is that
of the absence of the promoter. We hear less today of sys¬
tems. patents, patent rights, etc., than we did two years ago ;
and I feel that the Association has done much to protect the
innocent public from being robbed. One or two concerns
that were very prominent in this method of promoting plants
and selling patent rights have met their deserved doom and
have fallen by the wayside. The concerns that have been
more conservative, more honest, have reaped the results of
thir work, and, I am glad to say, are still with us.

The Association has not made the increase in member¬
ship which I would liked to have seen. This may be due
to a number of causes : one of them, and the principal one,
I believe, is a feeling that a mistake had been made in at¬
tempting secrecy.

At the meeting last year, it was felt that the Association
had gone to considerable expense in obtaining information
which was valuable to its members, and that in order to de¬
fray the expenses it would be necessary to assess the mem¬
bers an amount above the dues sufficient to pay for the work.
After considerable discussion it was decided that if the pro¬
ceedings were sent broadcast it would be difficult to raise
this money, as unfortunately many members would drop out
and those who were not members would not see the neces¬
sity or desirability of becoming members if they secured all
the information they wanted without paying for it. It was,-
therefore, decided not to publish the proceedings, but to have
them bound in book form and furnished only to those mem¬
bers who paid their dues and assessments. It now appears
that in the minds of a great many of the members, as well
as outsiders, this was a mistake. That secrecy has cast a

sad, mysterious cloud over the industry, and has ben detri¬
mental to the industry.

Personally, I do not agree with this view, as I can not see
wherein secrecy in the Association, or its methods of pro¬
ducing the materials, should have any effect whatever upon
the public who consumes the -material. They are not in¬
terested in what we do in our Association, nor are they
readers of the trade journals.

In order for the Association to be of any benefit to its
members, it must accomplish certain results for the mem¬
bers.

First, it must help its members to decide what are the best
machines to be used in the manufacture of the brick ;

Second, it must help its members to decide what are the
best methods to be adopted in the making of the brick.

Third, it must help its members to decide what are the best
methods to be adopted in placing those brick before the
public and upon the market.

Many of us do not appreciate the value of science ; there¬
fore, we are not in sympathy with employing so-called ex¬
perts to help us out. None of us are so expert ourselves,,
however, but that we can learn something from a scientist,
and we can not expect men who give their time and lives to-
the study of science to do this for the love of us. There¬
fore, it is necessary for the Association to have money to-
make investigations and to employ assistance. In order that
we may have all these things, the members of the Association-
must expect to contribute cheerfully and plentifully, for it
is at this stage of the industry, when we are in the midst of
development, that we need the most assistance.

In a few years from now, when everything is running
smoothly and we are able to smile, we may not need an
Association for any other purpose than to meet and con¬
gratulate one another and help spend the profits by taking
a few days off.

I am not in sympathy with the man who came to the
meeting last year and voted for the assessment and took up
a lot of time by asking numerous questions and was given
a great deal of information, which he acknowledged to me
personally was invaluable to him, and when I sent him a
bill for his dues and assessment, he at first ignored the bill
and afterwards wrote me that he did not see the necessity
of belonging to the Association, that it was not worth the
money to him.

If we are willing and ready to stand together and help
one another and are willing to contribute our pro rata share
of the expenses (these expenses need not be more than we
are ready and willing to vote that they should be), then I
am heartily in favor of publicity of every nature and kind.

On the other hand, if it is expected that three or four
should stand all the expenses and the others should reap
the benefits, then I am decidedly opposed to publicity.

The report of the work accomplished by the Secretary is
brief, and, I think, you will readily see the cause.

It was desired to make up a printed list of all the towns,
giving the number of buildings and brick used, and distrib¬
ute this list among the members; so that when the archi¬
tects and builders asked, “Where are these bricks being
used?” you could give them one of these lists.

I sent to each member a request to give me a list of the
number of buildings in which their bricks had been used,
the names of the towns, and the approximate number of
bricks used. To this letter I received about six answers. So
that, project had to be abandoned.

Then, when I wrote to all the members, stating that if
they would send me a fair sample of their bricks and sample
of material which they were using in making the bricks,
and tell me exactly the methods they used in the manufac¬
ture, the materials would be examined and analyzed and the
bricks tested, and from this table would be made up a state-

‘29

CLAY RECORD.

raent which would indicate what material and what method
produced the best results.

This was- all to be done without expense to the mem¬
bers or to the Association, except the trouble it would put
them to in order to collect these materials, box them up, and
the expense of expressage. (Dr. Lazell had volunteered to
do this work free of expense to the Association.) I received
samples from so few, and some of these were sent “Collect,”
that it was useless to attempt to get any information which
would be of much value.

All this would indicate that either you are satisfied with
the results you are obtaining, or else you have no interest
in the work that the Association is trying to accomplish.

I am a firm believer in the fact that we can not do much
good if we do not attempt to carry out such ideas ; it is
just possible, however, that merely to meet once a year in
a social way and talk over things in general, will be the
more successful way of conducting the Association. In the
latter event, there will be little or nor expense connected
with the Association. It would be decidedly easier for the
officers of the Association, as last year’s meeting was voted
an extremely strenuous one, and many of us were thorough¬
ly exhausted from our efforts.

The Program Committee this year decided to have fewer
papers and leave the time open for more discussion, more
social intercourse. I would, therefore, suggest that if the
program does not touch upon some points which the mem¬
bers would like to have discussed, that they call .our atten¬
tion to it in order that a time can be arranged for discussing
such matters as have been omitted from the program.

- ♦ ♦ -

COMPARATIVE COST OF CONSTRUCTION,
MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION OF
CONTINUOUS AND DOWN-
DRAFT KILNS*

BY JNO. B. MILLAR, TORONTO, CANADA.

In approaching this question I want to qualify my re¬
marks by saying I would not advise anyone from a state¬
ment I am about to make to decide at once to hurry home
and construct either continuous or down-draft kilns without
first carefully considering the process of burning best adapted
to his particular clay. If he cannot decide for himself, the
services of someone who is thoroughly practical should be
secured who can. before the investment of large sums of
money, determine what is best to be done, as the change
may be at best but very little better than the old scove or
case kilns for the particular clay in question.

There are people in Canada at the present time who are
not only putting all they have but getting capital invested
who do not know clay from stone. A case in point winch
lately came' to my notice is too good to keep. I received a
sample box of clay with a request that I should test its qual¬
ities for dry-pressed brickmaking and report. I did so, and
found that while it would make a passable soft-mud or stiff-
mud brick, it was of no use for dry-pressed and I made a
report accordingly. I suggested that they get someone
near by who could select the most likely material but the
gentlemen evidently thought that they knew what they were
doing and after a few weeks I received a second package
containing boulder stones with a request that I have samples
made from them. They were not regular hard-heads as we

*Read before fhe Canadian Clay Products Manufacturers at
Toronto, Dec. 16 1906.

know them, but were dug from a rotten shale bank, and I
saw traces on all sides of the stones that he had good ma¬
terial. I wrote again, suggesting that instead of being so
verv careful iii selection, he would send some of his bank
as it came. The result was a very fine sample of brick ma¬
terial. I have seen plenty of brick, well made, and after
being burned, only yielding 6o to 75 per cent of salable
brick because they were not burned in a continuous kiln.
On the other hand brick made from clay, taken within
twenty-five feet of the clay from which the former brick
were made, were only a very poor quality of inside brick,
because they were burned in a continuous kiln. Gentlemen,
it all depends on what you have to burn and what you wish
to produce as to which class of kiln is best for your purpose,
and not altogether on the first cost of kiln or the difference
in price of operation. To be sure, there are materials which
you can burn in either class of kiln or without either class
for that matter, and make a first-class brick, but they are
by no means plentiful where brickmaking is carried on in
Canada to-day.

Now, comparing the cost of construction when we are
considering kilns of first-class construction of large size,
say a down-draft of 200,000 .holding capacity, well-lined
throughout with fire-brick and properly stayed, with a con¬
tinuous kiln of from three-quarters to one million holding
capacity, well-lined throughout with the same quality of
fire brick and built as in the case of the down-draft to re¬
quire the minimum amount of expense for repairs, there
would be very little difference in cost per thousand of hold¬
ing capacity of kilns. In the one case you must have a large
stack to insure success ; while in the case of the down-draft
kiln, almost anything will serve for a stack ; in some cases
a series of chimneys such as would be used on a house being
employed. There are various kinds of down-draft kilns as
there are various kinds of continuous kilns.

The round down-draft kiln battery, in which all the kilns
use the same stack is the cheapest and I believe would be
very much cheaper to construct on a basis of holding ca¬
pacity than any class of continuous kiln we know of in this
country to-day, if properly built. When you come to con¬
sider the cost of maintenance it is rather a difficult problem ;
so much depends on design, workmanship and the founda¬
tion on which our kiln stands. These all being of the high¬
est order, then I believe the down-draft kiln will cost, con¬
siderable more for maintenance than the continuous kiln,
and I would say the difference would be 50 per cent in favor
nf the continuous kiln- when furnaces, grates, etc., are con¬
sidered.

Now, I know some of you are getting uneasy, for the
most serious part of all to manufacturers. For whether us¬
ing continuous, semi-continuous or down-draft kilns, the
fuel bill is continuous. The operation of the down-draft
kiln is, of course, the most expensive, costing from $2 to
$2.25 per M. for fuel with coal at $3.75 per ton and wood .
at $4 per cord for drying off. This is for pressed brick.
For sand stock it would be a trifle less, for good hard burned
brick, and about 27 cents per M. for labor.

The continuous kiln, when properly filled to give the fire
a chance to warm up the kilns in advance of those on the
fire, and handled by competent men, using a good grade of
coal, will run at from 3 y}/2 to 50 cents per M. for fuel, de¬
pending largely upon the condition of material when set in
the kiln' and on climatic conditions, over which we have no
control. The cost of labor per M. will run at from 12V?
to 13 cents per M. This would be, in a kiln of good size,
such as I spoke of before, and in smaller kilns I would say
the cost would be probably 25 per cent more for both fuel
and labor.

CLHV RECORD.

THE USE OF EXHAUST STEAM IN A BRICK¬
YARD*

BY A. M. WICKENS, TORONTO, ONT.

I remember with pleasure your convention of last year
at Hamilton, which I greatly enjoyed, and I hope your de¬
liberations at this convention will be fully as useful and en¬
joyable as those of last year.

Since last year I have paid considerable attention to the
clav industries of Canada, and find the business to be one
of great magnitude, and also one of remarkable growth.

This is Canada’s growing time, the twentieth century —
Canada’s century — and the clay industries are keeping
abreast of the time. My opinion, as an observant traveling
man, is that the present wave of prosperity is sure to last
for several years yet. With the great Northwest filling up
rapidly, with the . succession of remarkable crops in that
country, together with the enormous amounts of money to
be expended in transcontinental and other railroad lines,
our prosperity is assured for many years.

In taking up the subject allotted to me — “The Use of Ex¬
haust Steam in a Brickyard” — I may say to you as the cook,
who had a great name for making hare pie, said to one who
inquired how the pies were made. He answered, “First
catch your hare.” So in this case, we say, first make the
steam; and this part of the subject is worthy of a few min¬
utes’ consideration.

Now there are boilers and boilers. A boiler well designed
as to its heating surface, correctly set in its brickwork, with
the correct proportion of grate area to the heating surface,
if intelligently fired, will evaporate from eight to ten pounds
of water for each pound of coal burned ; while one poorlv
designed, badly set and carelessly fired, will only evaporate
from four to six pounds of water per pound of coal.

In speaking of a well-designed boiler, we mean that the
proportion of heating surface in the tubes should be right
for the active heating surface of the shell. The tubes should
be so spaced and arranged that the water circulation is free,
still keeping the maximum number of tubes.

Having generated the steam, we now send it to the en¬
gine cylinders, and this is also a point that should be care¬
fully considered. An automatic cut-off engine, with the
cylinder well proportioned for the work required, will de¬
liver i h. p. for from 28 to 34 lb. of water per hour ; while
a throttling engine, badly proportioned for the work, will
use from 50 to 60 lb. of water per h. p. per hour.

Now let us consider the difference between these boilers
and engines. Take the best design of each and say you re¬
quire 75 -h. p. With a first-class outfit, the boiler will evap¬
orate 9 lb. of water for one pound of coal and our engine
will require 32 lb. of water per h. p. ; that is, we get 1 h. p.
for 3.55 lb. of coal. With a poor plant using 55 lb. of water
per h. p. in the engine and evaporating only 6 lb. of water
per pound of coal, it takes 9.3 lb. of coal per h. p. per hour,
or nearly three times as much. A first-class plant will use —
for a 75-h. P- engine, 262.5 lb. of coal per hour, while a poor
plant will use 679.5 lb. of coal per hour, or for 10 hours 2,625
lb. for one, against 6,795 lb. for the other. Estimating coal
at $4 per ton ; one means for a 10-hr. run, $5.25 ; the other
$13-59- I think I hear some one say: “But we only run part
of the year and cannot afford to pay a high-class man.” That
is a mistake ; a first-class plant, run by a good man will
save enough in coal to pay the interest on extra money in¬
vested, the extra wages for a good man and still leave a
profit for the proprietor.

We now come to the use of exhaust steam. The first use
it should be put to is that of heating the feed-water for
the boiler. A first-class heater will heat feed-water from

♦Read before the Canadian Clay Products Manufacturers at
Toronto Canada, Dec. 24, 1906.

50 deg. to 204 deg., thus adding 154 deg. of heat to the in¬
going water. This represents a clear saving in fuel of 15
per cent over putting the water into the boiler at a tempera¬
ture of 50 deg. Beside this, the hotter water going in wilt
extend the life of the boiler. Again, in heating feed-water
up to 200 deg. or over, it begins to deposit the salts and al¬
kalies contained in all waters. Now if these deposits occur
in the heater, it is very much better than having them thrown
down in the boiler, thus forming a heavy scale. A thick¬
ness of 1-16-in. of scale means more fuel, as scale is a good
non-conductor of heat.

In accomplishing all the above, it will condense about
2-1 1 of the exhaust steam. There are still 9-11 to be utilized
for drying purposes. The exhaust steam from a 75-h. p.
engine will heat up 7,000 sq. ft. of heating surface. This
is equal to 21,000 running feet of i-in. pipe.

In using exhaust steam for heating or drying purposes, all
piping should be so arranged that the resistance to the move¬
ment of the steam is very low. A back pressure of two or
three pounds upon such an engine will be allowable. With
well-arranged coils and a fan to blow the air through them,
air may be heated through the medium of exhaust steam
from 50 deg. to 100 or 120 deg., and from 2,500,000 to
3,000,000 cu. ft. of air at that temperature for 24 hours,
will carry away all the moisture contained in all the bricks
that can be made by a 75-h. p. engine in one day.

The existing difficulty is in getting the heated air prop¬
erly distributed. An ideal plan is to have three drying
sheds, each large enough to accommodate one day’s run
of bricks ; then have the heated air led to each shed, with
gates in the pipes so that either of the sheds could be cut off.
Have the roofs ventilated and about one-half of the sides
of the shed made removable. This leaves one shed being
filled with to-day’s run of bricks ; yesterday’s run is in the
next shed, with the removable sides all in tight and the
bricks drying, while the third shed is open and the bricks
are being harrowed to the kiln — this process following on
from shed to shed.

The hot-air ducts should be low down and be well pro¬
tected. They should have frequent openings and each open¬
ing should have a slide-gate in it to regulate the amount of
air discharged. The fan should be run by a small engine:
8 h. p. would be of ample size. The ducts from the fan to
the sheds should be large and have long bends where neces¬
sary to change the direction of the ducts. By such means
as this, the yard would be almost independent of the wea¬
ther, and a year’s output be increased enough to more than
pay interest on the increased investment.

In India, at some of the larger brickyards, they use me¬
chanical drying. They make a duct the full length of the
shed, the duct having a wide flat top covered with firebrick
slabs. Through this duct, the escaping gases from the boil¬
ers pass on the way to the smokestack, which is set a long
way off for this purpose and the brick are racked upon this
hot flue. The shed roof is well open for the escape of the
moist air. This plan does well at times but it is subject to
weather and the winds.

In that country, they also utilize the exhaust steam for
drying. The plan adopted is to cover the floor of the shed
thickly with pipes and over them put a lattice floor upon
which the bricks are racked. In these cases, the drying
sheds are closed upon the sides and ventilated through the
roofs. So you see that even in far-off India where labor is
very cheap, the brickmakers are spending money for me¬
chanical drying.

In conclusion, allow me to say that the clayworkers’ in¬
dustry is one of Canada’s greatest assets, and that there
is nothing too good for the brickmaker or his brickyard.

CLHV RECORD.

ILLINOIS CLAY WORKERS’ INSTITUTE

During the regular session of the Illinois Clay Workers
Association in Champaign, January, iqo6. a resolution was
passed requesting the Department of Ceramics of the Uni¬
versity of Illinois to offer a ten-day course of instruction
following the regular annual convention of the Association
in subjects of general interest to clay workers.

Scope of Instruction offered : Pursuant to the request cir¬
cular letters were addressed to all the members of the Clay
Workers Association asking advice as to what subjects
were desired and almost all replied “Drying and Burning.”
A few also mentioned “Clays and Clay Testing.”

The program outlined below was therefore arranged, in
which the topics presented and the number of lectures to
be given on each are as follows :

i. Kilns, four lectures. 2. Dryers, two lectures. 3.
Fuel, three lectures. 4. Pleat, two lectures. 5. Clays,
three lectures. 6. Burning of Clays, five lectures.

PROGRAM.

Thursday morning, January 24. — Closing session of Illi¬
nois Clay Workers’ Convention.

Kilns.

Thursday afternoon, 2 o’clock. — Lecture, Periodical Kilns,
by W. D. Richardson.

A. Up-Draft Kilns.

1. Scoved Kilns.

2. Kilns with Permanent Walls and Furnaces.

B. Down-Draft Kilns.

1. Round.

(a) Center-Stack.

(b) Multiple Stack.

(cl Outside Stack for One or More Kilns.

(d) Under-Fired.

2. Rectangular.

(a) Single Stack for One or More Kilns.

(b) Multiple Stack.

(d) Up and Down Draft.

(e) Under-Fired.

1 C. Muffle Kilns.

1. Up-draft.

2. Down-Draft.

(a) Center Stack.

(b) Multiple Stack.

Thursday evening, 7 o’clock. — Lecture, Continuous Kilns,

by W. D. Richardson.

A. Open Top — Without Crown.

B. Closed Top — With Crown.

1. Annular or Ring Kiln.

2. Chambered or Compartment Kiln.

(a) Fired Through Shafts Among the Ware.

( b) One-Side Firing.

(d) Semi-Gas Firing.

(e) Gas Firing.

.Friday morning, 9:30 o’clock. — Lecture, Semi-Continuous
Kilns, by W. D. Richardson.

1. Same subtopics as for Continuous Kilns.

2. Advance Heating Systems for Continuous Kilns.

Friday afternoon, 2 P. M. — Lecture, Kiln furnaces, Kiln

Stacks, Draft Kiln Construction, Kiln Management and Kiln
Records, by W. D. Richardson.

Friday evening, 7 130 o’clock. — Lecture, under auspices of
the College of Engineering, Creation of a Manufacturing
Plant, being a story of the designing and rebuilding of the
plant of the B. F. Sturtevant Manufacturing Company of
Boston, Mass., by W. B. Snow, Engineer of the Company.

Driers.

Saturday morning. 9 130 o’clock. — Lecture, Drying Prop¬

erties of Clays. Natural Laws Involved in Drying, W. D.
Richardson.

Saturday afternoon, 2 o’clock. — Lecture.

A. Types of Driers and Adaptability of Each.

1. Natural Driers.

2. Semi-Artificial Drier.

3 Artificial Drier.

B. Drier Construction.

C. Operation of Driers.

D. Cost of Drying.

E. Scumming.

Causes and Remedies of Drier Scum, W. D. Richardson.

Heat.

Monday morning, January 28, 9:30 o’clock. — Lecture,
Elementary Description of Kinds of Heat, Heat Energy and
Generation, illustrated by demonstrations, Dr. F. R. Watson.

Monday afternoon, 2 o’clock. — Lecture, Measurement of
Heat, illustrated, Dr. F. R. Watson.

Fuels.

Monday evening, 7 :30 o’clock. — Lecture, Origin of Coal,
Dr. H. Foster Bain.

Tuesday morning, 9:30 o’clock. — Lecture, Composition,
Fuel Value and Distribution of Coals of Illinois, Professor
S. W. Parr.

Tuesday afternoon, 2 o’clock. — Lecture, Volatile Constit¬
uents in Coals and Their Effect on Clav Wares, Professor
S. W. Parr.

Tuesday evening, 7:30 o’clock. — Concert, Cello Recital
by Karl Grienauer, under the auspices of School of Music.

Clays.

Wednesday morning, 9:30 o’clock. — Lecture, Geological
History of Clays, Professor C. W. Rolfe.

Wednesday afternoon, 2 o’clock. — Lecture, Testing of
Clays with a View to Determining Their Possible Commer¬
cial LTses, Ross C. Purdy.

Wednesday evening, 7:30 o’clock. — Lecture, Economic
Classification of Clays, Ross C. Purdy.

Clay Burning.

Thursday morning, 9:30 o’clock. — Lecture, Limits of
Hardness to Which Clay Wares Should Be Burned, Ross

C. Purdy.

Thursday afternoon, 2 o’clock. — Lecture, Effect of Heat
upon Structure of Red, Buff and White Burning Clays,
Professor A. V. Bleininger.

A. Water Smoking.

B. Dehydration.

C. Oxidation.

D. Vitrification.

E. Fusion.

Thursday evening, 7:30 o’clock. — Lecture, Colorations
Produced by Heat and Flame, Professor A. V. Bleininger.

A. Body Colors Under Oxydizing and Reducing Condi¬
tions.

1. Coloring effect of iron naturally contained in clay.

2. Artificial additions of iron oxide.

3. Effect of the joint presence of iron and lime.

4. Color effect of carbon.

5. Color changes caused by sulphur.

6. Color due to manganese.

7. Colors produced by the addition of some other metal¬
lic oxides to white burning clays.

Friday morning, 9:30 o’clock. — Lecture, Surface Colors,
Under Oxydizing and Reducing Conditions, Professor A. V.
Bleininger.

A. Flashing.

B. Blue Smoking.

C. Salt Glazing.

Friday afternoon, 2:30 o’clock. — Lecture, Burning of
Finer Wares in Down-Draft Kilns, Arthur C. Watts.

Friday evening, 7:30 o’clock. — Social Gathering in the
Laboratories of the Ceramic Department.

CLAY

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them:

837,938. Automatic Cement-Brick Machine. Benjamin
W. Leggett, Eaton Rapids, Mich. Filed May 29, 1906.
Serial No. 319-315-

Claim — A block-forming machine comprising an inclosed
runway, a mold at one end of said runway and communi¬
cating therewith, a delivery-chute communicating with said
runway and adapted to feed material thereto, a plunger
having movement in said runway and adapted to control
communication between said chute and said runway, and
means interposed in said runway between its points of com¬
munication with said chute and said mold for regulating the
amount of material admitted to said runway from said chute.

A block-forming machine comprising an inclosed run¬
way, a mold at one end of said runway and communicating
therewith, a delivery-chute communicating with said run¬
way and adapted to feed material thereto, a moveable gate
disposed adjacent to the point of communication, a plunger
having movement in said runway and designed to force
material into said mold, said plunger serving to interrupt
communication of said chute with said runway upon its
forward movement and to establish communication there¬
between upon its rearward movement and means for open¬
ing and closing said gate with respect to said runway upon
the forward and rearward movement of said plunger.

838,119. Conveyor. George W. King, Marion, Ohio,
assignor to I he Marion Steam Shovel Company, Marion,
Ohio, a Corporation of Ohio. Filed June 3, 1905.

Claim — In a belt conveyor of the character described the
combination, with a stacker-frame, of belt-supporting
rollers, rotating shafts on which said rollers are mounted,
and end-supporting bearings for said shafts, each Tearing

comprising a bearing-sleeve to receive the shafts and a base
or bracket secured to the frame, said sleeve and base being
connected by a pivot transverse to the shaft, substantially
as described.

838,227. Dry-Kiln. Arthur White, Sheboygan Falls,
Wis. Filed Mar. 26, 1906. Serial No. 308,016.

Claim — In a dry-kiln, a drying-chamber, a roof covering
the drying-chamber comprising a network of T-rails extend¬
ing across each other with their flanges interlocked, and
sheet-metal covering supported by the framework, there ber
ing passage-ways leading to and from the roof through
which the moisture-laden air from the drvinn-chamber may
pass to produce condensation of the moisture.

In a dry-kiln, walls inclosing a drying-chamber, parti¬
tions spaced from opposite side walls to form return-pas¬
sages, inclined covers for the drying-chamber connecting
with the partitions and terminating at a distance from each
other, ledges on the front and rear walls at different eleva¬
tions, a beam supported on the ledges and lying in the space
between the edges of the covers, hinged flaps carried by the
beam and adapted to close the space between the covers,
hinged flaps adapted to close the return-passages, a roof
forming a condensing-surface above the covers, a rock-shaft
journaled across the drying-chamber, means carried by the
rock-shaft and bearing on the flaps, a crank-arm connected
with the rock-shaft, a handle-rod connected with the crank-
rod, a support for the handle-rod, and teeth carried by the
handle-rod for locking the rod in its adjustments by engag¬
ing the support whereby the flaps may be held more or less
open for the circulation of air for condensation.

838,496. Manufacture of Glazed or Enameled Ceramic
Ware. Alexander Bigot, Paris, France. Filed Feb. 17,
1903. Serial No. 143,858.

Claim — The improved process of making articles of pot¬
tery consisting in superposing in a mold layers of ceramic
material in a slightlv-damp powdered condition and of an
enameling or glazing material, applying pressure to impart
to the materials the shape of the mold, and then immediately
firing the molded article without preliminary drying.

1 he improved process of making articles of pottery con¬
sisting in superposing in a mold layers of ceramic material
in a slightly-damp powdered condition, a glazing or enamel¬
ing material and an interposed layer of coloring material,
applying pressure to impart to the materials the shape of
the mold, and then immediately tiring the molded article
without preliminary drying. ’ .4.:^: . • .

838,427. Kiln-Heating Apparatus. Samuel O. Larkins,
Roland Park, Md. Filed Mar. 30, 1906. Serial No. 308,864.

Claim — A heating apparatus comprising a header con¬
structed with inner division-walls forming: senarated series
of vertically-arranged communicating chambers, the cham¬
bers of one series being located between similar chambers of
a separate series, drain-pipes with cut-off valves leading
from the several chambers in the header, steam-conveying
pipes leading into the respective series of header-chambers,
cut-off valves in said steam-conveying pines, and heater-
pipes providing communication for a chamber in one series
thereof into a lower chamber of a separate series of chain
bers, the heater-pipes being arranged upwardly inclining
from their connection with the header.

A heating apparatus comprising a header constructed with
inner division-walls forming separated series of vertically-
arranged communicating chambers, the chambers of one
series being located between similar chambers of a separate
series, drain-pipes with cut-off valves leading from the sev¬
eral chambers in the header, the chambers being constructed
with inner bottoms, made downwardly inclining to centrally-
located discharge-openings, providing passage-ways into the
drain-pipes, steam-conveying pipes leading into the respec¬
tive series of header-chambers, cut-off valves in said steam-
conveying pipes, and heater-pipes providing open communi¬
cation from a chamber in one series thereof to a lower cham¬
ber in a separate series of chambers, the heater-pipes being
arranged upwardly inclining from their connection with the
header.

; 839.833. Manufacturing Brick. Albert A. Gery, Read¬
ing, Pa. Filed May 19, 1905. Serial No. 261,104.

: Claim — A tunnel-kiln having an end section thereof sep¬
arated from the main kiln by a movable partition, and pro¬
vided with an end closure to form a cut-off chatnber, a
periodically-progressing brick-carrying floor made up of
abutting floor-sections, means for admitting heated air under
pressure to the lower portion of said chamber midway of
ifs width, and restricted low-down outlets therefor through
each side wall of said chamber, whereby a central upward

now of the incoming air and lateral downward flow of stored
air is maintained in said chamber, substantially as set forth.

A tunnel-kiln having an end section thereof separated
from the main kiln by a movable partition, and provided
with an end closure to form a cut-off chamber, a periodi¬
cally-progressing brick-carrying floor made un of abutting
floor-sections, means for forcing heated air into said cham¬

ber to compress the same therein, and adjustable means for
discharging the air from the lower portion of said cham¬
ber whereby a downward circulation of compressed air is
maintained in said chamber substantially as set forth.

839.792. Brick. Samuel Veyon, East Palestine, Ohio.
Filed July jo, 1906. Serial No. 325.464.

Claim — A brick having a facing of vitreous material, in
combination with metallic fasteners, embedded in the body
of the brick and having projecting plates overlapping the op¬
posite edges of the facing.

An ornamental brick comprising a body portion consist¬
ing of a composition of cement and a refuse pottery material
known as ‘‘bisque,” and a facing of opaque glass cemented
upon the outer face of the brick, in combination with oppo¬
sitely-disposed metallic fasteners embedded in the body of
the brick and having projecting edge plates overlapping op¬
posite edges of the facing.

839,587. Conveying Device for All Kinds of Unburnt
Bricks Produced in the Molding-Press. Friedrich Herr¬
mann, Glatz, Germany. Filed Sept. 4, 1906. Serial No.

333- 1

Claim — A machine for conveying and separating unburnt
bricks, which comprises a conveyer adapted to move ad¬
jacent the lower face of a brick-cutting table, and provided
with brick-engaging means, and means for varying the
height of the brick-engaging means of the conveyer whereby
the bricks are individually engaged and removed thereby
and separated.

A machine for conveying and separating unburnt bricks
comprising a vertically-adjustable conveyer adapted to move
adjacent the lower face of a brick-cutting table and means
for varying the height of the bearing-surface of the con¬
veyer whereby the bricks are removed and separated.

839,962. Brick-Mold. Hiram Routt, Dallas Center,
Iowa. Filed July 2, 1906. Serial No. 324,327.

Claim — In a brick-mold the combination of a skeleton
frame having a plurality of plates extending upwardly from

support-shafts ; a base portion having one longitudinal side
rigidly secured to a base ; a plurality of transverse slots in
said base designed to engage the plates on the skeleton por¬
tion ; orifices in said base ; a second longitudinal side loosely
secured to said slotted base by means of lugs engaging the
orifices in the said slotted base ; screw-threaded crank-shafts
connecting said longitudinal sides all arranged and combined
substantially as and for the purposes stated.

OLKY

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company,

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor.

1. . . .1 - - .

SUBSCRIPTIONS.

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States, Canada or Mexico
and one dollar fifty cents for all other foreign countries.

Papers are not stopped at the end of subscriptions unless the sub* *
scribers order them so and pay up the arrearages.

ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POST OFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER.

Vol. XXX. JANUARY 15, 1907. No. 1

“ I like to read American advertisements. They are In
themselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.” — William E. Gladstone.

* When times are dull and people are not advertising is the
very time that advertising should be the heaviest. Ninety-nine
out of every hundred merchants advertise most when there is
least need of it, instead of looking upon advertising as the pan¬
acea for their business ills. — John Wanamaker.

CONVENTIONS

The Twenty-ninth annual convention of the Illinois Clay
Workers Association will be held at Champaign, January
22-23-24, 1907.

The Twenty-first annual convention of the National Brick
Manufacturers’ Association will be held at St. Louis
Mo., February 4th to i6th, 1907. Sessions will be held
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, 6th, 7th and 8th; the
balance of the time will be devoted to visiting clay plants.

The Ninth annual convention of the American Ceramic
Society will be held at St. Louis, Mo., February 4-5, 1907.

The Second annual convention of the National Paving
Brick Manufacturers’ association will be held at St. Louis
Mo., &ebruary 4, 5. 6, 1907.

The Seventh annual convention of the Wisconsin Clay
Workers’ association will be held at Madison February 27,
28 and March 1, 1907.

- -

It’s better to believe all you see than one-half you hear.

Better swallow your indignation when you thirst for re¬
venge.

The under dog gets a lot of sympathy, but the. upper ca¬
nine collars most of the gate receipts.

Beware of the man who never misses an opportunity to
say that there isn’t money enough in circulation to buy him.
Sooner or later you will find him on the bargain counter.

Don’t howl if occasionally you get it in the neck: be
thankful that you are not a giraffe.

What a lot of wise men there would be in the world if
every man knew half as much as he tries to make others
think he knows.

When you are making out your list of magazines you wish
for 1907 do not miss the Clay Record. It comes to you
twice a month, the only clay journal in America that does
this. If you can not get the value of the subscription (one
dollar per year) out of it we will cheerfully refund your
money. _

Official reports, from some fifty leading cities throughout
the United States, showing the building transactions of the
past year, as compared with those of 1905, are herewith
presented. The results will prove in the nature of a sur
prise to many people and do much towards reassuring those
who had come to look upon our remarkable building pros¬
perity as a thing of the past, and prepared themselves for
a substantial decline during the present year. The total
building transactions in the cities tabulated, for the year
1906, were $591,283,571, a gain of $13,077,622 over those
of 1905, which stood at $578,258,949. Figured on a per
centage basis, this amounts to a gain of something more
than two per cent.

This result is all the more gratifying because it was not
anticipated except by those that had kept a close tab on the
building operations of the various cities, and few of that
class, before formulating and figuring the reports, expected
a balance on the credit side of the building ledger. The
result clearly demonstrates that the building movement is
still with us, and that undiminished. That prosperity in
building lines is as broad as the country is shown by the
accompanying table. There have been losses, it is true, but
they are widely distributed and evidently depend upon local
conditions, which argue little or nothing against future pros¬
pects. The loss in New York, where the operations of 1905
were exceptionally large, amounted to nearly 25 millions,
yet this was offset with more than 13 millions in addition in
other cities.

Taken in its entirety, this showing is of a most favorable
character, demonstrating, as it does, that the great building
industry is moving steadily forward, and that on solid busi¬
ness lines, rather than in response to the fitful and uncertain
demands of speculation. The present year promises to
eqir • not surpass the one just brought to a close.

CLKY RECORD.

OBITUARY

Mrs. William Bieber, wife of the veteran brick manufac¬
turer at Kutztown, Pa., died at her home of pneumonia.

Solomon Rosenbaum, vice president and general manager
of the Powhatan Clay Mfg. Co., died at his home, 405 Han¬
cock street, Brooklyn, N. Y. He was 61 years old. He
leaves a widow and six children.

Lewis Kirkover, one of the oldest residents of Buffalo,
N. Y., died at his home, 265 Franklin street. He was 81
years of age and lived in Buffalo 70 years. He spent almost
his entire life in brickmaking, retiring a few years ago.

Ralph I. Gates, one of Chicago’s pioneer citizens, and
treasurer of the Chicago Portland Cement Co., died at his
home, 4457 Ellis avenue. He was 67 years old and one of
the founders of the Gates Iron Works.

FIRES, ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES

The Metropolis (Ills.) Pottery Co. has filed a petition in
bankruptcy. The liabilities are $8,500.

Robert Trafton, an employe of the San Antonio (Texas)
Sewer Pipe Co., had two ribs and his collar bone broken
by a piece of falling timber.

The Kankakee (Ills.) Tile & Brick Co. has been sued for
$10,000 damages bv the estate of Frank Seroy for the ex¬
plosion of the heater which killed him.

The Scott Pottery, Front and Carr streets, Cincinnati, O.,
was broken into, and the brass mountings from the engine,
the printing press, pottery, and furniture were stolen.

The plant of the B. K. Enameled Brick Co., Leavittsburg.
Ohio, has been appraised at $19,000 and will be sold the
19th to satisfy claims made by John B. Brooks, a stock¬
holder.

Boys entered the plant of the Lehigh Granite Brick Co.,
at Allentown, Pa., and completely plundered all the ma¬
chinery for its brass fittings. The plant is in the hands of
a receiver.

The damage case of the Chicago Hydraulic Press Brick
Co., whose plant at Porter, Ind., was destroyed by fire, has
been set for trial for this week. They are suing the Lake
Shore Railway for $78,000 damages.

Alleging that because of the changing of pulleys on a
brick pressing machine, his minor son’s hand was badly
crushed, R. D. Cooley has commenced suit for $1,000 dam¬
ages against C. W. Ritz of Sergeant Bluffs, Iowa.

Jacob Grau, a boy, 15 years of age, was badly hurt by
being whirled around a shaft at the Maddock Pottery Co.
plant, Trenton, N. J. The boy invaded the grinding room,
against the rules of the company, to help a girl do some
grinding of tools.

WILL SOON BUILD THEIR PLANT

The Federal Brick Company, Columbus, O., recently or¬
ganized, of which W. O. Taylor, general manager of the
Casparis Stone Company, is president, has plans for the
big brick plant which it will erect in the Hocking Valley
almost completed and it will not be long until construction
of the new plant is begun. New brick plants now in course
of erection or planned will more than double the brick out¬
put of the Hocking Valley the coming year.

1907 CALENDARS RECEIVED BY CLAY RECORD

The C. K. Williams & Co., Easton, Pa., have forwarded
their usual calendar which is very complete, showing in
half-tones the four mills where the dry colors, paint oxides,
clays and various dry minerals are ground and prepared.

The Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Co., 100 Williams
street, New York, as usual are showing exquisite taste in
their calendars which are issued by the ceramic department.

A M. and W. H. Wiles Co., Grassy Point, N. Y., always
choose something beautiful for a calendar. This time ours
is a painting “A Virginia Mill at Evening.” It almost
makes one feel as though they were there enjoying the sound
of the water rushing over the old wheel.

This year the E. M. Freese & Co., of Gabon, Ohio, has
outdone all former years, although before their calendars
were always good. The one received by the Clay Record
is “The Signal,” an Indian standing high on a rocky cliff
giving the signal to those in the valley. It is embossed and
very beautifully colored.

1907 OFFICERS OF THE CANADIAN CLAY
PRODUCTS MANUFACTURERS

The following were elected officers of the Canadian Clay
Products Manufacturers at the meeting recently held in
Toronto, Ontario:

President, J. B. Miller, Toronto.

First Vice President, J. S. McConnell, Milton.

Second Vice President, Charles Curtis, Peterboro.

Third Vice President, J. Cornhill, Thedford.

Secretary and Treasurer, C. H. Bechtel, Waterloo.

The executive committee elected was M. Martin, Thames-
ville ; Wm. Pears, Toronto; Hon. S. J. Fox, Lindsay; M.
Mulligan, Ottawa; Wm. McCredie, Lyons; Joseph Russell,
Toronto ; H. de Joannis, Chicago, Ill., and D. A. Lochrie,
Toronto.

In voting for the next meeting place Ottawa, the capital
of the Dominion of Canada, was victorious by ten votes.
Canada, like several of the States of the United States, is
trying hard for a Ceramic School for Canadian clay work¬
ers, and there is no doubt but what one will be granted to
them before very long.

DOW BRICK COMPANY INCORPORATED TO
OPERATE BRICK PLANT

A lease has been filed from Maxwell P. Innis to the Dow
Brick company, Columbus, O., of a tract of land containing
10 acres in Clinton township for a period of 10 years to be
used by the brick company to secure its shale clay. An¬
other lease from Ada R. Williams to the same company for
five years from March 1, 1905, gives the use of a farm of
too acres for the yard proper. The two sites are located
on Seventeenth avenue east of the state fair grounds. The
first lease has as its consideration a royalty of 15 cents a
thousand and the second lease 25 cents a thousand and
$3,000, payable $125 quarterly.

The Dow Brick company was incorporated last month
with a capital of $40,000 to take over the partnership of
E. W. Dow & Co. Daniel W. McGrath is president ; E. W.
Dow, vice president and superintendent, and John A. Mc¬
Dowell, secretary and treasurer.

CLKY

IOWA CLAY WORKERS ASK LEGISLATURE
FOR MONEY TO EQUIP A CERAMIC SCHOOL

Sioux City, Iowa, Jan. n. — With the election of officers
for the ensuing year and passage of resolutions asking for
the legislature to appropriate $10,000 for the equipment,
and $2,500 annually for the maintenance of a school of cer¬
amics at the state college at Ames, the twenty-seventh annual
convention of the Iowa Brick and Tile Manufacturers’ As¬
sociation closed at noon yesterday in the ordinary of the
Mondamin hotel. The following officers were chosen :

President — William H. Brecht, of Des Moines.

Vice-President — G. W. Fairchild, Sioux City.

Secretary — C. B. Platt, Van Meter.

Treasurer — F. A. Stephenson, Mason City.

Although the selection of the next convention city is left
to the executive committee, it is understood Boone will
secure it. During the Sioux City session there have been
more than seventy-five brick and tile manufacturers in at¬
tendance.

At the morning session four papers were read and dis¬
cussed, as follows: “Discounts, Breakage and Allowance,”
by C. B. Platt, Van Meter; “The Systematization of Office
Work,” by C. F. Green, Sioux City; “Is Producer Gas a
Possible Factor in Clay Working Operations?” bv C. L.
Smith, Mason City; “Care of Power Plant,” by C. W. Ritz,
Sioux City.

Among the other resolutions passed was one continuing
the legislative committee of the association in its effort to
secure legislation favorable to the development of the clay
industry in Iowa.

- -

WISCONSIN ROADS PROMISE NEW RATE
SCHEDULE ON BRICK

Manitowoc, Wis., Jan. 12. — Railroads of the state have
promised a new schedule of freight rates on brick to G. W.
Kennedy and a committee of which he is head, representing
the Wisconsin Clay Workers association. Mr. Kennedy
and his committee conferred with representatives of all lead¬
ing roads of the state at Madison yesterday and granted a
ten-day respite to the companies to prepare a new schedule
which will be passed upon by the committee. In event that
this schedule is not satisfactory, another conference will be
held before the complaint is pressed before the state rate
commission. Mr. Kennedy declares that the roads admit¬
ted that the present rate on brick favored Chicago manu¬
facturers over Wisconsin brick makers.

- <•-•-* -

BRICK COMPANY FINDS FINE DEPOSIT OF

COAL

The Industrial Brick Works, Boonville, Ind., which op¬
erates in the edge of the city, has, since last fall when they
accidentally discovered that a vein of good coal had been
stripped in removing clay for the making of brick, mined
nearly $1,000 worth of coal. The vein is about five feet in
thickness, and a block of this vein thirty by one hundred feet
has been sold and delivered over Boonville for the above
amount. The owners of the brick plant are elated over
their find, for the coal which can be mined at little cost after
the clay has been removed.

INDIANA DRAIN TILE MANUFACTURERS
HOLD CLOSED DOOR MEETING

Forty members of the Indiana Drain Tile Manufacturers
Association held a meeting at the Grand Hotel, Indianapolis,
Tan. 10, presumably in connection with legislation that may
come before the present General Assembly. The meeting
was behind closed doors, and when a member was asked
the purpose of the meeting he denied that a meeting was
in progress, and said that only a few of the members had

“happened to get together.”

— — -

KANSAS BRICK PLANTS MONTHS BEHIND IN
FILLING ORDERS AND THE DEMAND
INCREASING

The perfection for modern brick making is found in the
gas belt of Kansas as far as material and cheap fuel are
concerned, for here is incalculable wealth stored in the
earth, where we are insured an inexhaustible supply.

For the past 100 years the destruction of forests has been
great, and within the last ten years lumber has nearly doub¬
led in value. This has made people use other material in
building, and caused a constantly increasing demand for
brick. There is an increasing demand also for a fire-proof
building material and better buildings. Another cause of
the increasing demand is that the little cities of 2,000 to
5,000 people are just beginning to pave their streets, and
as they will continue to grow the demand will increase. A
brick is good until sold and the demand through all history
has always been beyond the supply.

The last report from the department of the interior,
Washington, D. C., on the clay industries of the United
States, gives the average price of brick at the factory for
the whole country to be $5.77 for commons, $9.31 for pav¬
ing and $11.60 per 1,000 for pressed front brick. At these
prices the demand has never been filled. With the increas¬
ing natural progress of the country it is not likely that
prices will be less for generations to come.

Experience has proven that shale has no equal in the
production of an enduring paving brick at reasonable cost,
and for building purposes the great city fires demonstrated
that granite and all kinds of building stone could not with-*
stand such heat, while shale brick came out practically un¬
injured. For the manufacture of common building brick,
pressed brick or vitrified brick, no clay ever found is equal
to a pure deposit of shale.

Where Kansas brick companies own their material and
gas wells, the cost of fuel is so small that brick can be made
much cheaper than with other fuel and the profits are that
much larger. For this reason there is no better investment
today than in brick making in the Kansas gas belt with
good business management. Some may think that with
many brick plants in the gas regions the market may be¬
come fully supplied and cause prices to fall and profits
small, but they need have no such fear, for good locations
convenient to a railroad are nearly all taken, and the market
is unlimited. There is not a brick plant in the gas belt
today with good machinery making good brick that is not
always behind in filling orders, such is the demand. In
investing in a brick company owning material and gas, and
under good management, the only question is the size of the
dividends.

*> t > >;

Cl -KY RECORD

POTTERY BUSINESS FOR 1907 OPENS WITH
MOST ENCOURAGING PROSPECTS

Judging from the number of orders placed bv pottery
buyers since the first of the year the outlook for 1907 is
most promising. It is said more buyers have been in East
Liverpool, O., within the past two weeks than in any like
period in the history of the industry, and that none have
departed empty-handed.

A gratifying feature of the present revival of trade is

that no complaint has been made of the new price list put

in effect by the United States Potters’ association. All

sample rooms are better equipped and contain a greater

variety than ever before, which may account, in a measure,

for the liberal patronage enjoyed.

- - *

WILL HAVE TO MOVE.

More room necessary. On account of the phenomenal
growth and development of the business of the “Ideal”
Concrete Machinery Company of South Bend, Indiana,
they have found it necessary to vacate their present factory
building, and have leased the plant formerly occupied by
the Bissel Plow Company, which will give them three times
their present floor space, and other facilities which will
materially assist in promptly taking care of the ever increas¬
ing demand for “Ideal” Concrete Machines. We hear a
good deal in these days of rapid business development, but
we think that the “Ideal” people are holding their own
with any of them.

THE DANVILLE BRICK PLANT IS SOON TO
BE ENLARGED FOLLOWING
REORGANIZATION

The Danville Brick company, operating the old Shea
brick vards overlooking the Vermilion river west of Dan¬
ville, Ill., will be reorganized, the capital stock increased
and the plant enlarged within a short time. New machinery
is to be installed, several more kilns constructed and the
plant placed in shape to compete with the larger concerns
operating in the country.

This statement was made at a time when deeds conveying
to Ralph B. Holmes, from Harvey C. Adams, 31 lots in
different sections of the city were filed with the recorder.
Mr. Holmes retires from the directorate of the company,
turning his stock over to Mr. Adams, the property being
in part payment for the same. Mr. Adams will in turn dis¬
pose of the stock to Col. W. P. Whitney, late secretary of
the Wabash Clay company, of Veedersburg, Ind. Mr.
Whitney is well versed in the clay industry, a practical brick
man and under his direction the plant here will be enlarged
and will manufacture brick similar in shape, size and weight
to the brick which have made the Fountain country, Ind.,
village known throughout the country wherever brick are
used by the building trades.

It is not yet known when the plant will be enlarged, but
the plans are already being made and it is expected that
work will begin as soon as the weather will permit. The
brick, yard is situated close to a very large deposit of fine
shale and this can be brought to the factory with but little
trouble. It is expected when the plant is in operation that
brick can be made much cheaper than at any factory in this
vicinity.

AYER-McCAREL CLAY CO., TO BE KNOWN AS
HYDRAULIC PRESSED BRICK CO.

Brazil, Ind., Jan. 10. — (Special) — The name of the Ayer-
McCarel Clay company has been changed. The Hydraulic
Pressed Brick company of St. Louis purchased the plant
here about a year ago, but has just decided to change the
name of the plant here to the Hydraulic Pressed Brick Com¬
pany, that being the name under which the other twenty-
seven plants belonging to the company are being operated.

Since the company purchased the Ayer-McCarel plant it
has enlarged it and now the capacity is 20,000,000 finished
face brick per year. The value of the output of the Brazil
plant will be about $600,000 per annum. H. A. Walters is
general manager of the local plant, and H. I. Ireland has
been appointed assistant secretary.

■■ ■ ♦ -

RECENT CONTRACTS BY THE BUFFALO
FORGE COMPANY.

MECHANICAL DRAFT (INDUCED).

E. B. Hotchkins & Co., Brussels:

2- 130" dia. 140" width S. P. Fans — full hag. 1 rt. hand,

1 1ft. hand discharge. Overhung blast wheels, water cooled
bearings.

Paris Gas & Electric Co., Paris, Ill.

1 -140" dia. 120" wide full hag., left hand angular up dis¬
charge, overhung wheels and water cooled hangers. Direct
connected to horizontal 8x8 S. C. engine left hand, run on
speed 225 R. P. M. l/2 Foster Speed Regulating Valve.

Hoosic Falls Illuminating Co., Hoosic Falls, N. Y.

1-110" S. P. Fan ^ hag., overhung wheel, water cooled
bearings, extended subbase for 8x8 S. V. engine,

Cash Press. Reg Valve.

EXHAUSTERS.

12-60" special full hag., overhung wheels and bearing
stands, to Ruggles Coles Engineering Company for use with
rotary cement dryers.

3- 70" standard full housing — pulley fan, water cooled
bearings, to Iroquois Cement Co., Caledonia, N. Y.

3 Dust separators with inlet 26" in diameter and all gal¬
vanized iron work for use with rotaryr cement dryers.

MISCELLANEOUS.

1-40" pulley, Merchants Freezing & Cold Storage Co.,
Providence, R. I. V entilating.

1-8,000 A. P. Mand 1-3,000 A. P. M. for G. E. C. for
Cooling Transformers.

1- 50" No. 4 B Volume Blower for McDermott Bros., Al-
lerton, Pa., for drying.

HEATING EQUIPMENT.

Capron Knitting Co., Utica, N. Y.

Ontario Knitting Co., Oswego, N. Y.

■Urbaner Alwood Heating Co., Enid, Okla., used in
Enid Theater Electric Fan.

Wollen & Cotton, Indianapolis, Ind. Electric Fans.

J. T. S. Brown & Sons, McBrayer, Ky., 120" steam Fan
driven by direct connected 8x8 Hor. S. C. engine with
heater, receiver, pressure regulator pumps, etc., for ven¬
tilating Whiskey Warehouse.

Utah Copper Co., Garfield Plant, Garfield, Utah.

2- 160" full housing pulley fans, pulleys 54" in diameter.

i .AY RECORD

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS'

Bridgeton, N. J., capitalists are interested in the forming
of a sand-lime brick company at that place and propose to
erect a large factory in the spring.

A. S. Hawley, of Baraboo, Wis., has begun the manufac¬
ture of cement brick.

John Moren of Lowell, N. Y., has installed a machine for
making cement brick, making 1.200 per day with two men.
He can furnish any shade desired.

The American Sand Lime Brick company, 77 Jackson
boulevard, Chicago, Ill., have a new announcement to the
public in their advertisement in the front pages of the Clay
Record.

The Menominee (Mich.) Sand Lime Brick company will
build a new brick shed large enough to hold several million
brick. This company made nearly 20 per cent, dui mg 1906
on its capital stock.

The American Process Company, 62 Williams street, New
York, are having all kinds of success drying sand direct
from the bank. Write for catalogue W. C. if you want in¬
formation on this subject.

The International Brick Machinery Co., recently incor¬
porated, has its offices in the Phelps Bank building at Bing¬
hamton, N. Y. G. C. Bayless is the president, A. J. Parsons
is vice-president, and F. J. Bayless secretary and treasurer.

At a meeting of the stockholders of the Granite Sand
Lime Brick Co., Columbus, Ohio, O. P. Lenox was elected
president, Ernest Beach, vice president, W. J. Curry, treas¬
urer, and J. E. Robinson, secretary. The business for 1906
was reported as very satisfactory.

The Gem City Concrete company, Dayton, Ohio, has au¬
thorized the secretary of the state to increase its capital
stock to $115,000. The company will at once enlarge its
plant for the manufacture of brick, and will also make all
kinds of concrete blocks and roofing tile.

The Marquette (Kansas) Salt and Brick company has
been incorporated with $25,000 capital stock. The work
on a shaft will be started at once. The brick plant will have
a daily capacity of 10,000 pressed brick made from sand and
lime. The salt plant will crush 30 barrels per day.

At the Taterstall exhibit room of the Cement Users asso¬
ciation there were eleven exhibits of cement brick machinery
all working full-sized models, two exhibits of cement tile and
sewer pipe machinery, and five exhibits of cement roofing
tile machinery. Practical demonstrations were made every
few moments on each of these machines.

The Sand Lime Brick plant at Waltonville, Pa., which
burned to the ground a few days after it was put into opera¬
tion, about a year ago, is nearing completion. Two of the
Boyd Presses are used to make the brick, and the system
used is the Huennekes, which is now owned by the Standard
Brick Machinery Co., 114 Liberty street, New York.

At the recent convention of the Cement Products Manu¬
facturers they used the Taterstall building as an exhibit
room. This building is nearly four acres in extent, and
every nitch and corner was filled with cement block and
brick machinery exhibits. The most prominent ones being
those of the Ideal Concrete Machinery Co., of South Bend,
and the Pettyjohn company of Terre Haute.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

Delta, Iowa, is figuring on the establishment of a brick
or tile factory.

Laurence Hochgesang, Jasper, Ind., will conduct a brick¬
yard on Paoli road next season.

William Swanton, of Detroit, Mich., will, open up his
brick yard at Frankenmuth in the spring.

E. S. Shearer, Cullom, Ills., is looking up a location to
start a tile factory. He is an experienced tile maker.

The new Tile factory at Summitville, Ind., is gradually
nearing completion, and will be running at full capacity,
working *200 hands in the spring.

W. F. Emmond, of Rockland, Mich., has closed a contract
with Ohio and Illinois parties for the delivery of 1,500 tons
of Kaolin to be mined by him on the Ontonagon river.

The C. Solfisburg Sons’ Brick Works, Aurora, Ill., are
undergoing improvements that will admit of their making
30,000 brick daily. A new steam dryer is being added.

William Giesler has purchased of Laurence Hochgesang
the one-half interest in the brick yard on Troy road at Jas¬
per, Ind,, and the new firm will be Giesler & Hochgesang.

The Georgia Brick Co., Adairsville, Ga., has just been
organized and the necessary stock subscribed. An up-to-
date plant and site purchased. Buildings will be started
at once.

The Pella (Iowa) Drain Tile & Brick Co. has filed ar¬
ticles of incorporation with $20,000 capital stock. Directors
are W. Rietveld, L. P. Grundman, Jessie Grundman and
O. L. Rietveld.

The American Meerschaum Co., organized by New York
capitalists, has been started to develop clay in Grant county,
near Albuquerque, N. Mex. M. W. Bove is president of the
company.

Gottlieb Hartweg, of Campbell county, Ky., recently
purchased fifty-five acres of land adjoining the Latonia
race track and will build sixty houses on same, besides a
brick plant similar to the one owned by F. W. Spinks.

The Reliance Coal Mining Co., whose plant is about sev¬
enty miles west of Medicine Hat, Alta, Canada, has dis¬
covered a 17-foot bed of fine fire clay which is just above
a four-foot seam of coal which the company is mining.

W. J. Springborn, director of public service at Cleveland,
Ohio, thinks there will be an 8 cent a brick combine among
the contractors bidding on paving jobs for next season.
Bids recently opened show a uniform increase of 10 per cent,
over last year.

The Perth Amboy (N. J.) Tile & Ceramic Co., has been
incorporated with $100,000 capital stock, to manufacture
tile, terra cotta and other clay products. Incorporators: I.
C. Ostergaard, L. Hansen, W. Jansen, and N. A. Nielsen,
of Perth Amboy, N. J.

The Manhattan Brick Co., 15 Exchange Place, Jersey
City, N. J., has been incorporated to manufacture brick,
tile and clay products. Capital stock, $15,000. Incor¬
porators are H. O. Coughlan, B. S. Mantz and John R.
Turner, all of the above address.

CLHV RECORD.

E. A. Joseph is preparing to start a new brick yard at the
Lacy coal mine at Underwood, N. Dak.

The Atlantic Terra Cotta Co., whose plant is at Totten-
ville, L. I., N. Y., distributed nearly $6,000 in Christmas
gifts to its employes.

The American Manufacturing Co., Atlanta, Ga., are in
the market for a small size brickmaking outfit perhaps
30,000 brick per day.

The Hecla Portland Cement Co., Bay City, Mich., will
increase the capacity of their plant from 1,300 to 1,800 bar¬
rels per day by making a large addition to the kiln depart¬
ment.

The Columbus (O.) Brick & Terra Cotta Co., have added
two kilns to their plant having 300,000 capacity, and will
contract for other kilns within a few weeks. Joe Stroupe
had the contract.

The Illinois Manufacturing Co., Macomb, Ills., has ex¬
pended $30,000 on improvements to its two sewer pipe
plants. Machinery will also be put in to make 42-inch sewer
pipe. John Millsom is the manager of the two plants.

W. P. Hammon, of Oroville, Cal., has bought the Alta
Lime and Brick Co.’s plant at Morley, and will establish an
immense cement factory there. He also owns a limestone
quarry there, and will invest a million dollars in the enter¬
prise.

The Brooks Brick Co., Brewer, Me., has been incor¬
porated with $30,000 capital stock. The president is G. B.
Tibbitts of Orrington, and the treasurer and clerk, J. E.
Littlefield of Brewer, Maine. Harrison N. Brooks is the
general manager.

Satisfactory tests have been made from Taopi (Minn.)
clay and there is talk of the establishing of a large manu¬
factory at that place.

The Manteno (Ills.) Brick & Tile Co., of which John
Hatch, formerly of Chicago, is the superintendent, began
work on the 7th, making 200,000 brick per day.

At the annual meeting of the Rexford Flats (N. Y.)
Brick Co., O. B. Knowlton was elected president, LeGrand
Rexford, treasurer, and W. A. Graves, secretary.

The Claude Brown Co., Hendersonville, N. C., has pur¬
chased clay lands from W. H. Hodges of Greenville, S. C.,
and will build a brick plant with 75,000 brick daily capacity.

The Alonzo Curtis Brick Co., Grant Park, Ills., turned out
45,000,000 brick during the year 1906. This plant has the
largest capacity of common brick in Illinois outside of Cook
county.

The Bridgersville Stock Co., Wilbanks, N. C., has been
incorporated with $30,000 capital stock by N. W. Wiggins,
S. P. Thomas, R. H. Thomas, I. T. Eason, M. D. Forbes,
W. H. Robbins, and W. R. Wiggins, to build a brick works.

The Follansbee (W. Va.) Brick & Tile Co., has been in¬
corporated by Virgil L. McCluskey of Cameron, W. Va.,
and H. A. Irwin of Pittsburg, Pa., and a plant will be erect¬
ed on the Davidson land where there is a fine fire-clay de¬
posit.

The Dover (N. H.) Brick & Pottery Co., has been in¬
corporated under Maine laws with $300,000 capital stock
and has absorbed the R. R. Morris Brick Works and will
build a $75,000 plant. Horace Mitchell is president, and
S. J. Morrison of Portsmouth, treasurer.

Buffalo Waste Heat Dryer.

“Buffalo” Waste Heat Fan Direct Connected Engine
Bottom Horizontal Discharge.

The first WASTE HEAT DRYER bore the name
“ Buffalo.” Economy is the watchword and in the third of
a century since we began solving drying problems, there has
been steady enginring progreeess.

“BUFFALO” WASTE HEAT FANS take the Waste
Hi-.Ar from the kilns and deliver it to the drying chambers,
which can be automatically kept at any temperature and hu¬
midity. “Buffalo” Fans have water-cooled bearings when
necessary.

APPLICABLE TO BRICK, TILE AND TERRA

COTTA PLANTS.

Our thirty years of success is due to a constant study of clays.

Write, stating requirements, and ask for catalog.

BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY, BUFFALO, N. Y„ U. $. A.

CANADIAN BUFFALO FOR-GE COMPANY. MONTREAL. CANADA.

CL7W RECORD.

Robert Smith Tyler, Ala., is in the market for a complete
outfit of brickmaking machinery.

The Lauderdale (Miss.) Clay Products Co., has been in¬
corporated with $500,000 capital stock.

Alfred Dewey is now the manager of the Scandia Brick
& Tile Works at Madrid, la., since the death of H. F. Zart-
man.

R. Striekert has purchased the interest of J. H. Simon and
C. G. Botts in the Brenham (Tex.) Pressed Brick Co.; the
three being equal partners.

The Willworth Tile Mfg. Co., New York, has been in¬
corporated with $10,000 capital stock. Directors are: W.
B. Willworth, E. A. Monfort and John Davis of Brooklyn.

The Detroit (Mich.) Vitrified Brick Co. has been incor¬
porated with $150,000 capital stock. Geo. W. Rutter is
president, and E. J. Jeffries, secretary. The plant will be
at Corunna.

C. W. Sheriff has been succeeded by Ed. Travis of Dows,
Iowa, as manager of the Livermore (la.) Brick & Tile
Works. Mr. Sheriff has taken a position with the tile fac¬
tory at Sioux Rapids.

J. W. Taylor, who has been manager of the Union Brick
Co., at Iolia, Kansas, for several years, has resigned and
moved to Kansas City to enter the contracting business with
the firm of Middleton & Son.

The Hillsboro (N. C.) Clay Mfg. Co., has been incor¬
porated with $100,000 capital stock by P. C. Collins, A. J.
Ruffin, T. N. Webb, N. W. Brown/ J. C. Webb, and S.
Strudwick. They will manufacture brick, drain tile and
sewer pipe.

HOW TO SELL
BUILDING
MATERIAL

Che Ideal Concrete “Block Ma¬
chinery makes blocks at a cost
that permits the undersetting of
all other building material.

Adaptable as to size of block
nd countless designs of face
nd natural stone effect.

Wonderfully simple. No
chains, springs or gears.

Catalogue and fortune mak¬
ing facts on application.

Offer the
builder a ma¬
terial abso¬
lutely weath¬
er and fire¬
proof; super¬
ior in ap¬
pearance and
durability to
brick, stone
o r lumber;
lower in cost
than either,
and sales will make
themselves.

That’s why most
manufacturers of Ideal
Concrete Building
Blocks are working on
advance of orders.

IDEAL

Concrete Machines

Their rapidity of operation
produces building blocks
at the lowest possible cost.
Embody the only
principle (face down) per¬
mitting the practical use of
rich facing material with less
expensive material in back
of blocks.

Ideal Concrete Mc’h’y Co.

Oept. W.

South Bend = « lnd.

“Mussels Limited, Montreal.
Sole Agents for Canada”

Frank Derrick and associates are going to start a modern
brick works near Inverness, in the Highland district, in
Kentucky.

D. W. Carle, Manchester, Va., has bought twenty acres
of clay land from the Drewry Estate and will build a large
brickmaking plant.

The Joseph Soisson Fire Brick Co., Connellsville, Pa., has
bought a controlling interest in the Pittsburg Art Store Co.,
which has a plant at Davidson.

The Central Brick & Tile Co., Kalo, Iowa, has been in¬
corporated with $10,000 capital stock. Wesley Bennett is

president and T. W. Wonders, secretary.

The Oregon Brick & Tile Co., Portland, Oregon, has been
incorporated with $50,000 capital stock. .The incorporators
are : R. G. Moss, W. S. Phelps and B. K. Davis.

It has been announced that the Vigo Clay Co., of Terre
Haute, lnd., has purchased a clay plant at Cambridge, Ohio,
and will begin at once to remodel the plant. John A. Dailey
is the president of the company.

The Rensselaer (N. Y.) Brick Co., recently held its first
annual meeting and elected the following officers : Abraham
Ostrander, president, Homer Brayton, vice-president, H. R.
Rollins, treasurer, and James Henderson, secretary.

R. B. Holmes and J. W. Shea have sold their interest in
the Danville (Ills.) Brick Co., and W. P. Whitney, formerly
general manager of the Wabash Clay Co., will become the
vice-president and general manager. H. C. Adams is pres¬
ident and Thomas Hawkins is secretary. The factory will
make paving brick.

DIRECT HEAT

DRYERS

- FOR ~ —

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All . Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list jjof installations and
catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

62-64 William St. NEW YORK CITY

FOR SALE

One Hercules Sr. brick machine; one disintegrator
one mould sander, all Horton Mfg. Co. make.

One 40 li. p. gasoline engine; one 45 h. p. engine
and boiler, made by Atlas Co.

One Kells machine, trucks, wheelbarrows, leather
belting, shafting and pulleys. All in good condition.
Will be sold cheap. For particulars address

W. H. VANDER HAYDEN,

Ionia, Mich.

BRICK AND TILE MACHINERY AT SACRIFICE

Where a country is tiled, factories are offered
complete, or in part. Cheap Have seven Brewer
Mills for sale, one No. 6 for §85. Of), some larger sizes,
little used, Engines, Boilers, Crushers, Drying Pipes
etc. If you wish to buy or sell write Can secure
experienced help. Brick and Tile Machinery

8ecor, Ill.

FOR SALE.

An up-to-date brick plant. Capacity 35,000 brick
Cheap fail and labor. Fine shipping facilities and
an abundance of pure loose clay. l.ocal demand
takes almost entire output at good price, Will bear
close investigation. Good reason for selling.

Address, WM. M. READ,

Princeton, Ind.

FOR SALE.

An interest in my tile and brick plant, to one of
experience, that can take charge and run it. Must
be able to invest some money in plant. Plenty of
good clay at back door, and good market at front
door. This is an opportunity that you don’t often
run up against. Plant now running. Come and see
or write

S. H. RECORD,
Cnarleston, Ill.

BRICK YARD FOR SALE.

Brick Yard for sale cheap. A bargain to the right
party. Good market at hand. For further informa¬
tion address

BRIOKMAKER,

Care Clay Record, Chicago, III.

ROOFING TILE MAN WANTED.

WANTED — A young man experienced in the roof
ing tile business to act as Chicago city salesman
Apply giving experience and reference,

Roofing Tile, care CLAY RECORD,

Chicago.

FOR SALE

SECOND HAND

4 MOLD PRESS

in good order, one of the best presses on
the market. Answer quick if you want it.
Address, G. care CLAY RECORD,

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE.

A well established brick yard near South Atlantic
port, 60,000 population. Chambers 2nd cut machine,
46.000 brick daily capacity. Successful drying sys¬
tem, track to clay hole. A bargain. Satisfactory
terms to good party. Address,

J. C. HAGEER,

Augusta, Ga

SAND-LIME BRICK PLANT WANTED

WANTED — A sand and lime brick plant. Con¬
ditions good. Address, BOX 2,

Big Run. Penn.

PLANT FOR SALE.

FOR SAEE — A first-class Brick and Tile Plant in
northern Minnesota, capacity 50,000 daily. Good
reason for selling.

Address, TOHN C. PETERSEN,

Pelican Rapids, Minn.

SUPERINTENDENT WANTED

An experienced paving brick-maker who will
take some stock in a paving brick company to be
formed at Cheboygan, to make 30000 to 50000 brick
a day. An abundance of the finest kind of shale
easily handled and a very good market. Superin¬
tendent will have full charge, address.

A. M. GEROW, Cheboygan, Mich.

ENGINES AND BOILERS

Corlis engines, 20x48, 18x36, 16x42, 12x36. Also 40
other sizes and styles in stock.

Boilers, Tubular, 48x18. 78x16, 72x18. Also 60 other
styles and sizes in stock.

Send specifications of your requirements and we
will make you a proposition that will interest you.

THE RANDEE MACHINERY CO.

1732 Powers St., • Cincinnati, Ohio.

FOR SALE.

A successful and going business, brick manufac¬
turing plant in Central Ohio. Thoroughly equipped
and up-to-date, owns in fee sufficient material to
manufacture brick for many years. Eocated in city
limits and directly on belt line railroad connecting
with Pennsylvania and B. & O Rys. Buildings,
kilns and machinery in first-class conditions. Price
$50,000, liberal terms, capitalized at $150,000 and will
inventory nearly as much Makes pavers, cut
blocks, enameled, pressed and common brick. More
orders on hand than can be filled. Good reason for
selling; agents protected. Address or call on

J. W. JENNINGS,

1 Broadway, New York, Room 218.

FOR SALE.

High1 and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE— CHEAP— New and re-laying rails, 12,
16, 20 and 25 pound. For prices, address

ATLAS CAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE AT A BARGAIN.

A drain tiie and building brick plant Everything
in good first-class condition, with plenty of good
clay and a demand for all that can be made in the
line of drain tile and building brick Plant is in
operation every day and has no opposition. Has
plenty cheap coal and labor. Our reason for selling,
have other business. For further information, ad¬
dress

FORREST. LUH & CO.,
Rutland, Meigs Co., Ohio.

PALLETS FOR SALE.

FOR SALE— 8,000 New All Steel Foot Pallets
34x10 inches In good order. Can be had at a ba r
gaiu. Address,

THE CLEVELAND CAR CO.

West Park, Ohio.

FOR SALE.

One Indiana road machine, belt; pulleys.

One 30 horse power Boiler, used one year.

60 brick cars, damaged by fire, parts easily
straightened, very cheap.

4,000 feet, one inch steam pipe for dry kilns.

One Wellington brick machine, coft $800, will sell
for $400 and load on cars. A man having $2000 to
put in brick and tile business can make a good deal
by writing me. C. S. BEADLE,

Saulte Ste. Marie, Mich.

WANTED

Competent and experienced salesman to handle
brick making equipment. State experience and
reference.

SALESMAN, care Clay Record

Chicago, Ill,

WANTED.

An experienced brickmaker as superintendant of
a new brick plant located in one of the most rapidly
developing sections of the south; no competetion
nearer than 200 miles in our line of manufacture.
We are equipped with a four mould press, a nine
foot dry pan, plenty of power and absolutely brand
new machinery throughout. Our clay is at our back
door. Will require an investment of $3000 from
party who wishes this position, and will give him
absolute charge of the plant. Address

R. B. C., Care Clay Record, Chicago, Ill.

BRICK AND TILE FAGTORY FOR SALE CHEAP

Good Sale for all the brick and tile you can make.
Located in a county seat. Almost new machinery.
No. 10 Brewer Brick and Tile Machine Everything
in first-class repair. Reason for selling no experience.
Plenty of clay and shale handy. Call or address

W. W. BEY,

Rushville, Ills.

FOR SALE CHEAP.

One Monarch Brick Machine No. 166, capacity
35,000. One Brewer Clay Crusher, one Sander and
Dump Table, four Brick Barrows, three Brick Trucks.
About 16,000 Lath Pallets. Shafting and Pulleys.
All the above are in good condition. Will sell all or
part to suit purchasers. Address,

PFEFFER & SON,

Gettysburg, Pa.

Paper Joggers quoied.

R. A. HART. 41 Whitest.,

No better nude, cut iron,
$3 and $10, to

4 Wheel, $3 00

5 \Vueel, $3.25

Utiaranteed.
Sold by all dealers.

BATTLE CREEK. IMP H

FOR SALE

One Rotary Sand Dryer.

50 Brick Cars.

A. RICHARDSON, 1214 Filbert Se.,

Philadelphia, Pa.

BRICK PLANT TO LEASE

Will lease my brick plant at Sutton to good party
for one-third profit or one-fifth of the out-put.
Plenty of good clay. Good market.

S. HUNZIKER,

Sutton, Neb

FOR SALE

Eight Philadelphia Hand-Power Brick Presses,
cost $125.00 each. In good order. Will sell for $25.00
each. One large Ornamental Brick Press with four
moulds, and 2u dies, cost $450.00. All in good con¬
dition. Will sell for $100.00.

H. C. KAEER & CO

Trenton N. J

PARTNER WANTED.

A good, reliable man of experience, with some
capital to invest in and take charge of a new Dry
Press Brick Plant. Plenty of shale, and good mar¬
ket for all the brick. Address

DENIS, care Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

HELP WANTED

WANTED — A man who has worked in the ship
ping department of a clay pressed brick plant
Steady work all the year. State experience and
salary expected.

INDIANAPOLIS COMPOSITE BRICK CO.

Indianopolis, Ind

FOR SALE

Fine opportunity. Money making 30,000 capacity
soft mud brick j'ard in best building town in Indi¬
ana. Can’t supply the demand. Owner has larger
interests. Easy terms. Write for details.

TERRE HAUTE PRESSED BRICK CO ,

Terre Hante, Indiana,

WANTED

To buy or lease a brick plant having shale or fine
clay, raw material and down draught kilns. Address
E, care of CLAY RECORD

Chicago, Illinois

FOR SALE

One 40 Horse-Power Boiler, nearly new.

Two 20 “ “ Engines, good running order.

Revolving Screen, 30 inches by 10 feet. One heavy
Clay Crusher, Twenty-foot Conveyor, come see them.

H. C. KAFER & CO.,

Trenton, N. J.

CONCRETE BLOCKS

ARE DURABLE, HANDSOME
AND INEXPENSIVE

PETTYJOHN PORTABLE
BLOCK MACHINE

Is the Best, Fastest & Simplest
GUARANTEED

Sent on Trial Catalog Free

PETTYJOHN CO.

622 N. Sixth St.

TERRE HAUTE. . . IND.

Big Money Made by Manu¬
facturing Them

NO IDLE
DAYS

FRANK TOOMEY

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CK3

CO~

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127 and 131 North Third Street.

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PHILADELPHIA, Pi

T !HI TH

CLAY WORKER’S HAND-BOOK

A Manual for all Engaged in the
Hanufacture of Articles from Clay

JUST OUT

PRICE $2.00

Latest Improved Wonder of the Age

I now propose to give
all a chance
to try

The Swift System

by remodeling one
kiln or build one new
one. Write for par¬
ticulars to the

“KILN DOCTOR’’

E. F. SWIFT

514 West Fourth St.
Dayton Ohio

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902

S A. G I NAW , MICH.

Improved Kotnnick Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

Don’t confuse our Practical System with the so-called
Scientific Systems. We have the Practical System, the Prac¬
tical Machinery, the Practical Press, the Practical Hydra¬
tion and the Practical Outfit, which is Manufactured in our
own Shops, under the supervision of Practical Men with
Practical Experience.

uur plants are installed under the supervision of Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand-Lime Brick should be
and can be made. We have Practical Plants Running
Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

- AAA AAAr A 3W At AAAArfk -rffc

►

Their Occurence, Properties and Uses

With special reference to those of the
United States, by Heinrich Ries Ph. D.

8 Vol. 490 pages, 65 figures, 44 plates

PRICE $5.00 NET

Clay Record Publishing Co.,

Chicago, Illinois.

-y V V vy V W V V V V V V V V w

CLAY RECORD IS A SEMI-MONTHLY

NOW READY— A TREATISE ON

PRODUCER-GAS and
GAS-PRODUCERS

BY AN ACKNOWLEDGED AUTHORITY.

A 300-page book containing thirty chapters, giving the fundamental
principles and definitions, calculations, classifications, manufacture and
use; the fuel, the requirements, the history, its by-products, Producer-
Gas for firi ng kilns, steam boilers, and power plants. The
future of the Gas-producer and a bibliography.

OVER IOO CHOICE ILLUSTRATIONS — PRICE, $4.00.

A subscription to the CLAY RECORD for one year without additional
charge to those that are not now subscribers.

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO, ILL.

The Rust Clay Feeder has been brought out in response to a better
method for mixing and feeding clay in brick, tile and all clay working
plants. By the use of this feeder the services of two men are entirely dis¬
pensed with, the clay being dumped into hopper of machine from car is
automatically fed into the disintegrator. The spirals draw their supply
evenly from all parts of the hopper, mixing the clay perfectly, which
tends both to improve and increase the output of the plant.

Send for full descriptive circular.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co.

Marion, Ind.

A NEW CLAY FEEDER AND MI\ER

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RULE

“RAYMOND’S”

THE BEST

HANDSOME PROFITS

- - -

OTHERS

. - All

—41 ^

OTHERS

tffe C. W. RAYMOND CO.

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

Everything for the Brickmaker*

Catalogue for the cAsking

CL.7SY RECORD.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

SIX-MOLD “SPECIAL”

The Boyd Brick Press “ Special” has enormous strength and great durability; it is compact; the
adjustments are convenient; it operates quietly and smoothly; the workmanship and material are of
the best; the design ingenious. It is a masterpiece, embodying the most perfect application of scientific
and mechanical principles in the art of brickmaking.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.

OFFICE AND WORKS : 5 7th and WALLACE STREETS

Chicago, Illinois

CLKY RECORD

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR - MOLD “SPECIAL”

The Boyd Brick Press exerts greater pressure, holds it longer, puts more clay into brick, and
makes stronger brick than any other Brick Press made. Especially adapted for working shales, and is
the only successful machine for making fire brick.

All Boyd Presses are fitted with our IMPROVED PATENTED MOLD BOX, the liners of
which are made of the hardest and toughest known metal, which can be reground at low cost when worn.
The molds can be changed in a few minutes.

Its Record: More Boyd Presses in actual operation than of all other Press Brick Machines
combined. Write for Catalogue.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.,

Chicago, Illinois

OFFICE A\I) WORKS; 5 7tli and WALLACE STREETS

CLHY RECORD.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR - MOLD “ACME”

IT’S NAME A GUARANTEE. The Four-Mold Press above illustrated is our latest improved
machine of this design. Over ONE HUNDRED now in use. Especially adapted for working shales.

A BUSINESS PROPOSITION

We will send to any responsible party a BOYD BRICK PRESS ON TRIAL and subject to
purchase after the making and burning of one or more kilns of brick. We take the machine back
if not satisfactory. We design and equip brick plants complete. Correspondence Solicited.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.

OFFICE AND WORKS: 5 7th and WALLACE STREETS

Chicago, Illinois

CLHY RECORD.

The Two-Mold Press above illustrated, is especially adapted for Brick Plants of small capacity,
and for making ornamental and shape bricks it has no superior. It has never failed to give entire
satisfaction, and is guaranteed for two years again ht breakage.

Brick Presses are too costly for any one to experiment with. SEVENTEEN YEARS of practical
experience back of each Boyd Press.

CONSIDER THIS: Your Brick Plant may be properly constructed, well located, with an
abundance of good clay or shale, and a good market at your door; but unless your Brick Press is always
ready for a day’s work you will not get proper returns from your investment.

Chisholm, Boyd 8t White Co.

OFFICE AND WORKS; filth nml WALLACE STREETS GHiCagO, IlliltOlS

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

TWO = MOLD “ACME”

CLKY RECORD.

New White Press

SANDIINIE

BRICK

Complete Plants installed, started and operated
until the first ioo.ooo brick are made. No risks,
delays or expensive experimenting.

Strongest possible guarantees. This is the Only Safe
Method for parties going into any new industry.

Especially designed for making Sand-Lime
Brick. Strongest, Most Powerful, Most Durable,

' T>'l

and Most Convenient. Molds removable; can
be changed in seven minutes. .?

Send for Special Press Catalogue.

Our Latest
Illustrated Booklet
gives all details.
Mailed Free.

AMERICAN SAND-LIME BRICK CO.

1308 GREAT NORTHERN BLDG., CHICAGO

CLHY RECORD.

The highest development of the
Art of Brickmaking Machinery
so pronounced by the United
States Government.

The BERG MAKES the highest
grade of fire brick. Can
make all kinds of shapes
k desired for fire-brick

4 purposes.

The BERG for the highest grade
of pressed brick of shale or
clay. It makes all kinds of
shapes and sizes of brick.
Changes from one shape to
another can be made in
less than an hour’s time.

Three distinct
pressures make
the brick evenly
pressed all
through. No
granulated cen¬
ters of the brick.

First - Class W orkrnan-
ship. Cut Gearing. Fully
Warranted.

The BERG makes the
best sand-lime brick and
cheapest because it is the ^

strongest machine and 7^

gives the highest pres¬
sure. Thirty-five sand-
lime plants in United
States use the BERG
Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY

Wm^'' ; The BERG is

|jP^ - /

the best for sand

% W&i | and cement be-

. /

aJ/ cause of its
jr'' strong pressure.

Uses less ce¬
ment, makes cheaper brick.

The 1905 Berg Press

Many other steps further forward in im¬
provement and highest grade of material
and workmanship, also cut gearing. Fully
guaranteed as to its success. Manufactured
by its inventor in Toronto, Canada, exclu¬
sively. Plans and specifications on the
different kinds of plants furnished, also all
equipments.

For prices and full particulars, address

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAM3ERS

TORONTO, OINT., CANADA

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»££$'»

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Auger Machine

Combination Machine

UP-TO-DATE MACHINERY

For Making all Kinds of Brick-

Dry Pressed, Wire Cut,
Sand Moulded

Full
Line of
Brickyard
Specialties
and

Supplies

Chicago Brick Machinery Co.

1308 Great Northern Bldg.

New While Press New Model Berg Press

in addition to our well known BERG PRESS, we are now
bringing out our new WHITE PRESS for clay-brick work. It is
especially recommended for difficult and refractory day . By far
the most powerful press built. Removable molds , changed in SEVEN
minutes. Special catalogue and full particulars on application.

Something New for 1907

Rocking and Dumping Grates
for Kilns. Save coal, save labor,
and do away with checked brick.
Send for “Lecture on Combus -
tion,” by His Satanic Majesty.

Patented.

, u. s. SELF CLEANING GRATE

In position ready lor use. Part ol Irame cut away to show connection below.

CLAY RECORD.

WELCOME BRISIMAKERS

We cordially invite you to visit our office and factory
during your stay in St. Louis. We want to tell you more
about the celebrated ROSS-KELLER Press, the only
brick Machine that gives three distinct pressures to the
brick. : : Come to see us. : : You will be interested

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United Statea Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

The

Indistructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK' MACHINE CO-

SUITE 203 FULLERTON BUILDING, . ST. LOUIS, M0„r.U. S. A.

SCOTT MANUFACTURING CO.

Commonwealth Trust Building

St. Louis, Mo.

This is the Press That Scott Builds

Twenty" machines in the St. Louis
District alone. Come to our city and we
will show them to you.

We build all the machinery" that
goes to make up

"The Scott
Noiseless
Plant.”

THE ANDRUS FOUR
MOLD PRESS

CLHV RECORD.

A GOOD MIXER IS ALWAYS APPRECIATED.

THE FERNHOLTZ CLAY PULVERIZER.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

Cable Address “Fernbrick.” Western Union Code. Boy.e Avenue and Old Manchester Road, ST. LOUIS, MO., U. S.A.

Fitted With Ad¬
justable Pins.

ORATH PATENT HAND POWER PRESS.

Especially adapted for ornamental designs. Any size brick up to
12 % inches long, 10 inches wide and inches thick.

Brick set into kiln direct from press.

Sizes 29 ' 30” 42”

ORATH PATENT HAND POWER PRESS.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co

Manufacturers of

The Celebrated Fernholtz Dry Press

Four mold Press 20,000 daiiy capacity. Six mold Press 30,000 daily capacity

THE FERNHOLTZ PATENT MOLD BOX.

No old style Liners. The Blocks are adjustable and molds are always
one size. We have put them in most all makes of Dry Press machines.
Easily and quickly adjusted. They are made entirely out of chilled iron,
the hardest known metal.

flWWWWW <W*Yt WWW WWrtWWW WWW WWWWWWWWW

CLAY RECORD,

www www www Wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww wwwwwwwwvkg

DRY BRICK MACHINES

RELIANCE DRY PRESS
THE MACHINE OF
THE FUTURE

OLD STYLE TOGGLE MOVEMENTS SUPERCEDED BY NEW
- AND BETTER PRINCIPLES -

THE ONLY MACHINE not using the Toggle Movement.

THE ONLY MACHINE applying Pressure from the Bottom.

THE ONLY MACHINE making a Uni ormly Pressed Brick.

THE ONLY MACHINE MAKING BRICK WITHOUT GRANULATED CENTERS.

Every Brick is a Face Brick. 4 Mold Press 20000 per day. 6 Mold Press
30000 per day. Adjustment permits any pressure desired (A Feature peculiar
to the Reliance .) Cheapest because having fewest parts. (Also cheapest
10 keep in repair.)

SIMPLE

STRONG

EFFICIENT

WRITE TO-DAY FOR PARTICULARS.

SEND US A SAMPLE OF YOUR CLAY.

ADDRESS

THE RELIANCE MACHINE AND TOOL WORKS

3S ST. LOUIS, MO.

CLHY RECORD.

ARE YOU INTERESTED IN A CUTTER
THAT WILL DOUBLE YOUR
PROFITS FOR 1907?

The Hix “Happy Thought” Automatic Cutter will do it. This
Cutter is without an equal as it does what others can not do.
Will cut end or side cut brick, hollow blocks or conduits any
length or size desired. The capacity is unlimited. No clay
wasted, every brick a perfect one, no complicated machinery to
get out of order and give annoyance.

It Will Pay You to Write Us for Particulars

THE HIX “HAPPY THOUGHT” AUTOMATIC SIDE CUT BRICK CUTTER.

The Wallace Manufacturing Company

FRANKFORT, IND , U. S. A.

CLHY RECORD.

We A.re Talking? to

YOU

>lr. Drain Tile IMaker

The 1 way to make money out of drain
tile is to run your plant when you run
it, and shut down tight when you shut
down. You can’t run at a profit and he
continually stopping for a few minutes
or a day, or a week, to repair some
miserable, contemptible, profanity pro -
vokin g, breakage. Get a machine strong
enough and heavy enough to stay put
and then run the daylights out of it.
THAT’S BUSINESS.

THE BREWER No. 10 A

is a drain tile machine which you can depend upon; one that f will
stand a lot of abuse, it drives easier and makes better ware than
any other machine of its size . It’s right. Weighs 10,500 pounds.
Cores held without bridge or bracket. Smaller sizes for smaller
plants. Get catalogue and full description.

U DDITW^D © nn tecumseh

mm m Brkdm WWhLK Cc (#(/* MICHIGAN
DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS OF CLAY WORKING MACHINES

CLKV RECORD.

UNION BRICK MACHINES

Wc build these Machines in five sizes* Capacities to 10,000
brick per hour*

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do first-class
work and are convenient, economical and durable. This can be
verified by investigation*

We also build Brick Machines with separate Pug Mill.

(

Don't forget our Automatic Cutters. They give satis¬
faction.

State your requirements and let us furnish particulars.

E. M.

GALION

FREESE & CO.

OHIO

CLHY RECORD

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

HORIZONTAL BrTcFmACHINE

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

BRICK DRYERS

The largest and best. The drying done
upon an entirely new principle. Brick
made today. Set in Kiln tomorrow.
Thoroughly dry. Will dry the most
tender clay with no loss from cracking.

It has No cars

N o transfer cars
No rail
No ties
No fans

No extra engine

No high or expensive stack

The best dryer on the market. Manu¬
factured by

C. & A. POTTS & CO.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Machinery for Buildi/ng Brick

^AND FOR STREET PAVERS==

CLHY RECORD.

Automatic End Cut Brick Machines of five sizes, having capacity

from 10,000 to over 100,00 brick daily under

favorable conditions.

CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY

E. R. FRAZIER, Chicago Agent,

59 West Jackson Boulevard.

52D AND MEDIA STREETS

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Weight
about
11,000 pounds
G apacity
2,000 bricks
per hour.

THE PHILADELPHIA REPRESS.

Single Crank
Movement
Working
Machinery

all above the

Mold Box.

CLHY RECORD

Murray Engines and
Boilers are the Best

Murray Iron Works Co.,

INCORPORATED FEB. 1, 1870

Burlington,

Iowa

CLHY RECORD.

I THE GUILDER

ELEVATING and
LOWERING
BRICK CAR

FOR OPEN AIR SYSTEM OF DRYING

Strong and servicable. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All
iron and steel. Raised and lowered by worm gear and segment. The most
perfect car of its kind made. We will furnish the Guilder Elevating and
Lowering Car with the necessary transfer cars and turn table at a reasonable
price and send you all the plans for an open air system of drying without additional
cost.

Write us in regard to this car and also let us tell you all about the
“PREMIER” line of Clay-Working Machinery.

The J. D. F ate Company

PLYMOUTH, OHIO

A REPORT OF THE TWENTY- NINTH ANNUAL

MEETING OF THE ILLINOIS CLAY WORK-
ERS ASSOCIATION.

The Twenty-ninth Annual Convention of the Illinois Clay
Workers Association was held in the city of Champaign on
January 22, 23 and 24. The first session was called to order
Tuesday afternoon, January 22, by President John W.
Stipes. In the absence of the Hon. George W. Gere, who
was to have made the address of welcome, Mr. S. P. At¬
kinson, of Champaign, was introduced by the president.

ADDRESS OF WELCOME

Air. President and Gentlemtn of the Illinois Clay Workers
Association. It is certainly a pleasure for me to welcome a
body of men to our city who have done so much for Illinois.
Back 35 years ago, and even 25 years ago, I can remember
an incident that happened on Main St. in Champaign when
a man came here with a hundred thousand dollars to invest,
but one of the first things that he saw was a four-horse
team stuck to the hubs in the mud and he did not invest.
Gentlemen, those conditions would exist to-day if it had not
been for men like you. I can remember back forty years
and even thirty-five years when, a little north on the Illinois
Central Railroad, there was a pond nearly a mile in length
that was filled with more than ten thousand wild geese. In
fact, the most wealthy and productive land in the state of
Illinois was covered with water, and those conditions, gen¬
tlemen, would exist to-day if it had not been for you men
who made the tiie that drained the water off.

It is a pleasure for me to welcome a body of men who
have done so much for the state of Illinois and to have you
meet here in your convention in our twin cities. It seems
that you have the habit of doing it, and I sometimes think
that the University of Illinois has something to do with that
question; if so, I can compliment you upon your business
sagacity in coming to a university that is in touch with the
people and whose purpose is to teach men in every line of
trade to make that degree of advancement that tends for
the betterment of mankind in every respect.

The University of Illinois in its early history was an ag¬
ricultural college. That idea seemed to prevail all over the
state, but it did not seem to win. They then started into
other branches and made it like the other colleges of the
United States and the Eastern colleges. Yet, when it comes
right, down to the essential things of to-day, the University

of Illinois has found out that agriculture taught in its most
intelligent form is one of the most important branches, and
for that reason we appreciate what the University of Illi¬
nois is doing for our great state in the line of agricultural
work, of teaching our citizens how to be better farmers and
how to get better results from the soil. They have also
found that it is necessary, in order to farm this high-priced
land of $175 to $200 an acre to know the ingredients of the
soil, to know what it lacks in order to produce the greatest
results. The purpose of the institution is to make it an in¬
stitution of the people and for their common good.

Gentlemen, we take it as a compliment on your part that
you have placed at the head of your association such a man
as our honored John W. Stipes. “Our John,” as we call
him. As I look around over these faces here it seems to
me that you men are a good deal like John Stipes. John is
one of the men that, whatever is coming to him, he wants
it, and he has got the brains to get it, and we want him to
have it. He goes at everything in that easy and yet affective
way. He doesn’t tear the world all to pieces, and yet you
follow him right along in his line and you will notice that
he makes things come. Gentlemen, it is the man who has
the purpose in his mind to start out, and having an end in
view to go right forward steadily day after day and bring
to his support all the help that he can get from every source.
It is the man who does business in that way who does some¬
thing, and I believ that John W. Stipes to-day or in the
future can have almost any office we have here. He would
make a good congressman, but on the other hand he would
run against our Bill McKinley, so I know of no way of dis¬
posing of the two in a pleasanter manner than to make Mc¬
Kinley the president and John Stipes secretary of state.
(Applause.)

Gentlemen, on behalf of Champaign and Urbana— I say
Urbana, because we are but one city, we are working here
for the public good, for the good of the state of Illinois and
for the University of Illinois — in the name of these twin
cities, gentlemen of the Clay Workers Convention, I wel¬
come you. (Applause).

Mr. Atkinson’s address was responded to briefly by Mr.
Harry de Joannis, of Chicago, who said that the members
of the association had a deep interest in the University of
Illinois; that they had reaped substantial benefits from it
and he believed that the founding of the Ceramic School
had been and would continue to be a benefit to the state and
to the members in succeeding years, Mr, Atkinson’s words

of welcome were deeply appreciated by the members of the
association, who were all glad to find themselves back in
Champaign for the third consecutive meeting.

Mr. Stipes. According to the program I am now to
make the President’s address, but I arh .going to use the
authority that was vested in that office1, and get YGrandpa”
Beardsley to say a few words for y I introduce to you
Mr. George F. Beardsley. (Applargje.j)

MR. BEARDSLEY’S ^ppRESS

1 don’t know whether I can speak loud enough in the few
words that I say to make you boy$ pn the back seats hear
me. If you sit back there, I takf it for granted that you
don’t very much care whether I make myself heard or not.

With a good deal of laughter the members moved for¬
ward and occupied the vacant front seats.

If you look on your program you will see that I am
only a substitute. I occupy this place because I was
ordered so to do. I recollect that when we went into the
army, as many of you did when you were soldiers, the first
filing that we had to do was to learn to obey orders. That
was our first duty and I have followed that principle ever
since. I say to you truly that it is embarrassing for me this
afternoon to stand before you in the relation that I do. Yet
I am well assured that I am not as much embarrassed now
as I will be when I bow myself away. But as I said before
I feel that it is a duty to do as my boy here (referring to
Mr. Stipes) has commanded me, and this calls to mind a
little incident in the life of my father which he used to tell
to us boys with a good deal of gusto. I find that I have
something of the same kind in my makeup. My father was
a boy on a farm. His father was a revolutionary soldier
and my father was a very poor boy. In the course of his
farm work he had to ride an old mare that was hitched on
before the yoke of oxen to do the plowing. In fact I used
oxen until I was 21 years old. Down on Long Island Sound
on the farm where my father worked, one day a sailor came
up to the house and asked the man who owned the farm
if he did not want to hire a man. The farmer asked him
if he could plow? Oh yes, he could do it or anything — plow
just as well as anything else I expect. So the sailor was
given the oxen with the boy and the old mare to go down
itrio the field to plow. If any of you have ever driven oxen
you know that sometimes the oxen have a way of turning
the yoke. Any man who has driven oxen knows that. The
sailor had been down in that field only a little while when
he came running up. The old gentleman said to him, “What
is the matter?” “Why,” the sailor answered, “the larboard
ox is on the starboard side and the old mare has followed
the rigging and they have all gone to Davy Jones’ locker.”
(Laughter and applause).

Those of you who know me and know what a ruddy¬
faced sort of a fellow I used to be know that I have been
sick for the last three weeks. But I will make the effort
to-day.

if I were competent to say what I would like to hear said
by one of you who is competent, even then I would hardly
know where to begin.

1 think I realize that the speaker in the brief time that he
occupies the stand is expected to say something that will
amuse, entertain, or instruct, but I can easily believe if you
want anything from me, you want myself, and I want you.
You want to treat me courteously and I want to say to you,
not to the world outside, something that may be helpful to
you in the now and in the oncoming years.

I shall not insult the editors, the compilers of these trade
journals by permitting them to say, when I am through,
the old gentleman has not only gathered his inspirations

but bis subject matter from our publications. Neither
would I cast the odious reflection that you, my friends,
might not'Yletect the plagiarism for I realize that you are,
and ought to be, not only readers but subscribers to these
journals; If you have read as you ought to have done in
the past year you know where we are to-day. And you
that may have been a little pesimistic at the beginning of the
last year, are now rejoicing over the manifest prosperity.
Neither should I if I could anticipate the report of those
who were appointed for special work.

But the outlook, the planning for the future is a common
field. The demand for material and for labor along the
various lines represented by you have never been greater.

Because of the fact that our forests are rapidly diminish¬
ing and that we are compelled to supply the increasing de¬
mand for building material from the rocks and from the
bowels of the earth it admonishes us that our work must
increase. A display of inventive genius is certainly oppor¬
tune. Hence the great demand for men. When John Rus-
kin said “Life without industry is guilt, and industry with¬
out art and education is brutish,” it is not probable that he
bad in mind the Clay Workers Association of Illinois. John
Ruskin according "to my memory was born three years
earlier than I. The life of this organization I understand
to be twenty-nine years, so it is possible that John made
the assertion about the time of your organization. John is
dead, but if he were living I do not doubt he would say
“Boys you have done well.” To note the advance in the art
of manufacturing one need to but step just across our
county line to the little town of Danville and spend a day
with our industrious, educated, educating artistic neigh¬
bor. Brother Butterworth. If you ask me “Beardsley,
do you associate clay workers with artists?”

When God said “Let us make Man in our own image,
and the Lord God formed Man of the dust of the ground.”
The clay working was then in its infancy.

If you ask me, “Do you not believe in Evolution?”
Yes. and it is a pleasant pastime to follow the evolution
from the time that Nimrod ceased work on his tower be¬
cause of the confusion of tongues, and down the ages to
the time that the Phariohs required of the Israelites more
brick with less straw, on down to the time that I followed
the oxen around in the mortar bed, then the gum. with a
capacity of 100 brick per day,, and on and on to the But¬
terworth Machinery making brick faster than you can
count them.

And if you ask me, “Has the Evolution for the better¬
ment of manhood kept pace with the betterment in brick
making ?”

I hope so, but possibly not so distinctly perceptable. I
am aware that ours is a clay workers association and that
clay working and its kindred associations is voluminous
enough to occupy all of our time during the three days
that we remain together. The program is ample and I
would be a trespasser if I should attempt to anticipate,
which I shall not do.

But the Man is so important a factor, that I feel war¬
ranted in giving expression to a thought on this topic.

The perfection of Manhood is the goal upon which our
eyes are fixed at the End of the race. The industries, the
arts, the sciences, the accumulations of wisdom, of money,
of houses and lands, unless they can be used for the further¬
ance of this purpose, should not be eliminated but brought
under the ban of a law analogous to the pure food law.

As we are prosecuting our searches and our researches
for the best material in our various lines in our assiciation
work so we want the best prepared material in our making
of manhood. We want good laws, hence good men for our
law makers. We almost make the laws in the selecting
of the law makers. Our senator for this senatorial district

CLrtY record.

said to me recently, “I never vote for the enacting of a
law without considering it from the standpoint of the mak¬
ing a better manhood.”

We want good looking men. I shall not take the time to
define just what I mean by a good looking man. I pre¬
sume I give to the phrase the same meaning that you give.
When your president and myself had completed the Hotel
Beardsley, the decorator of the walls, a Mr. Schwobacker,
said to us, “Gentlemen, now will you tell me why I got
this job? If you tell me, may be I could get a job some¬
where else. Was my designs better than those of my com¬
petitors?” I said to him, “No. It is not so much that,
but we like the man better than the other man. (Laugh¬
ter.) He said, “I don’t know whether that would help me
in other places.” But it did help him to get a good many
other jobs that we happened to know of.

The clay worker should be in love with his choice of
vocation, and with his co-workers. He should be an opti¬
mist, one who sees the possibilities in advance of every
great work undertaken. And to go slow. I need not speak
of this. Instances of coming up rapidly to confirm this
statement that I make, that we try to go along too fast.
Go slow. Know when you start out what you have in
view.

Perhaps I am inclined to talk about men and women
more than I am about brick and cement and tiles ; I don’t
know as much about those things as I do about men, and
there are many of you who know more than I do abqut the
bricks. But there is not any of you who have been asso¬
ciated with men and women as long as I have. A woman
has been training me now for 53 years. (Laughter and
applause) .

Two years ago, as your president will remember, a num¬
ber of us were over at Springfield and we left the capitol
about dinner time. There was the President of the Uni¬
versity, the President of your Association, Congressman
McKinley, and there Were two or three of those from the
University, whom they call the professors. We were all
going to dinner. Dr. Converse, who most of you know,
was invited to go to dinner with the rest of us. “No,” he
said, “he guessed he wouldn’t go.” He said, “This is the
anniversary of my wedding day.” I don’t remember how
many years he had been married; fully forty years, I ex¬
pect; maybe more than that. I walked along with him a
little ways, in hope that he would invite me to go to his
house to get a drink of water. I wanted to see that woman
of his, if he was going to sit down with his wife instead of
going to the Leland with the company that he had been in.

I tell you, when you find men of that kind you find good
men every time. He might make some mistakes. Men are
making mistakes all the time. I would not make a good
judge. I would turn some of those men who have made
some of those mistakes free and let them try once more.
(Applause). I would not be worth a cent as a judge on
the bench. I do not believe much in punishment. I am
talking about young men. If I should say something that
seems to be egotistical, don’t call me down. This will be
the last time that I shall probably ever bother you. It is
as important that you assist your wife in bringing up the
family as it is in arranging your brick kilns. You probably
won’t get any credit for doing it from your wife. She
won’t give you any credit. I have some boys. One of my
boys is the chnm of John W. Stipes. John loves Henry
and Henry loves him. Henry is the mayor of Kansas
City. No man in Kansas City, I believe, is more beloved
than he is. I think that he is a man. But I don’t get any
credit for it. It belongs to my wife. Let her have the
credit if she wants it. (Applause).

Tn imagination you see the completion of the Panama

Canal, of the wall across the head of the Niagara River
to raise the surface of Lake Erie, and the great good to the
present and to future generations.

The pessimist replies, “Thebes thought so once, so
thought Palmyra. Where are they to-day?” I don’t
know.” Shakespeare, in a burst of inspiration says, “There
is a divinity that shapes our ends, rough hew them as we
may.”

This association is made up largely of men who are over
other men. The man who has so controlled himself that
he can happily control a body of laboring men, has an en¬
viable accomplishment.

Some fifteen or twenty years ago when your president
was a salaried laborer he pasted over the side of my desk
in my office, which is discernable to-day, this motto. “Pull
with the tide, pulling against the tide gives oceans of exer¬
cise, but very little of the stuff that builds brown stone
fronts.”

Be not envious of your neighbor who may have chosen
the same, or a different occupation from yours and seem¬
ingly been more successful than you. There are very few
men that could be Rockefeller or Harriman if they would,
and but very few that would if they could. It is possible
for the man at the little ceramic plant over at the univer¬
sity, to be as the man at the head of a steamship subsidy.
I think there has never been a time in the history of Amer¬
ica when there has been one-half as much suffering, as
within the past five years by men who could not be content
to go slow.

Friends, let us be glad that there is work for us to do;
others have built the houses in which we live, the churches
in which we worship, the roads by which we travel. We
are the heirs of the past.

Gentlemen, I say once more, go slow. Even if you don’t
get so much money, go slow. It is not likely that you will
lose so much either. After all, the great and important
thing is to make men of yourselves and of your children.

I thank you gentlemen for bearing with me this time.
(Prolonged applause).

President Stipes : Attention of the members is called to
the question box that stands on Secretary Hartwell’s desk.
Any one 4 who wants a question discussed should write it
down and put it in the jar, and the questions will be taken
up for discussion at some' convenient time. The first on
the program is “A report of what had been accomplished
during the past year in the School of Ceramics, of the Uni¬
versity of Illinois,” by Professor Charles W. Rolfe, direc¬
tor of the course in ceramics.

REPORT OF WORK DONE IN THE DEPART¬
MENT OF CERAMICS.

Brief statement of what has been accomplished by the
Department of Ceramics during the last one and one-half
years.

As soon as notice was received that Governor Deneen
had signed the bill which made provision for instruction in
ceramics the University began its search for a competent
man to take charge of the technical work. It was thought
that the preparation of the man appointed should combine a
full course in some reputable college, successful experience
as a teacher, and technical training in some well equipped
clay working establishment.

It soon developed that there were but three or four such
men in this country, and but very few in England, France
or Germany, and that all of these were employed at salaries
far greater than we could hope to pay. After modifying
our demands several times without finding a man to meet

glmy record,

them, Mr. Ross C. Purdy was appointed late in September,
he being, all things considered, the best man who could be
obtained. He began his work October i, i9°5-_

Up to this time we had refrained from making any pur¬
chases of apparatus or laying out detailed plans for work,
believing that the appointee should be consulted in all such
matters. Consequently preparation for work really began
fifteen months ago ; and much of this time was consumed
in the selection, purchase and installation of our equipment,
so that research work did not really begin until late in the
spring of 1906.

Instruction was ofifered to students at the opening of the
second semester, at which time also Mr. Junius F. Krehbiel
began work as an instructor.

Three students entered the course and carried their work
through the second semester. This number was increased
to nine at the opening of the fall semester. We have now
two juniors, one sophomore, and six freshmen. Permit me
to say that this is a better showing than any school in this
country has made in the time.

In the line of investigation we have now practically ready
for publication a report in the Paving Brick Industry of
Illinois, containing chapters on The Geology of Clays ; The
Geological Distribution of Paving Brick Materials in Illi¬
nois; Studies of Illinois Clays Now Being Used for the
Manufacture of Paving Brick; The Construction and Care
of Brick Pavements ; and Tests which Should be Applied
to Paving Brick. This report was prepared for and under
the auspices of the Geological Survey by the staff of the
department assisted by other departments of the University.

Besides the above search was made in the most promising
portions of the state for fire clays and a considerable num¬
ber of those tested prove to be of good quality. In this
case the field work was mostly done by geologists employed
for the purpose, the analyses were made by the chemical
department, but the testing was done by the department of
ceramics.

In addition to the above the department has undertaken
several investigations for its own account which will be
published in the series of bulletins issued by the University.

The first of these, The Course of Efflorescence on Brick
Structures, by J. C. Jones, is now ready for distribution.
It is a bulletin of 18 pages and has been highly commended
bv those who have seen it.

The manuscript for a second, Limits of Variation in
Composition Heat Treatment of White Ware Glazes Using
a Constant Combination of Fluxes, by R. C. Purdy and H.
B. Fox, is now ready for final revision. Up to the present
no recorded attempt has been made to ascertain the limits
between which each of the elements entering into the com¬
position of a white ware glaze may be varied or the range
of temperature in which such glazes will mature properly.
In the preparation of this bulletin a method by which this
might be accomplished was devised, the necessary calcula¬
tions made, glazes of varying composition compounded and
fired at different temperatures. Over 2,200 test pieces were
used and the results charted in a series of graphic tables
which show the ranges of variation nicely.

The manuscript for a third bulletin is nearly ready. This
is a study of crystalline glazes. Manufacturers of art pot¬
tery are much interested in the production of crystalline
glazes, but up to the present no attempt has been made to
ascei tain the effect of variations in composition on the for¬
mation of crystals. The formulas used were empvrical.
The underlying principles were not known. In the studies
upon v Inch this bulletin is based. 1,800 glazes were com¬
pounded and trial pieces burned. The results were charted
with necessary descriptions and the charts show graphically
the limits between which crystals may be expected to appear

in the glaze. The bulletin will probably be followed by
others touching other parts of the field.

The manuscript for a fourth bulletin is practically ready.
It is a study of the pyro-chemical behavior of clays. That
is a study of the reactions which take place in clay during
burning and the physical effects which these changes have
upon the structure of the clay. This is a subject about
which little is really known, and the present bulletin is in¬
tended to be the first of a series.

The studies for a fifth bulletin have been completed and
the manuscript is now being prepared. It deals with the
effect of alternate freezing and thawing upon brick. The
brick for these studies were frozen and thawed quickly
many times and the effects of these sudden changes upon
the brick carefully noted.

Other studies are in progress.

During the remaining six months of the biennium we
hope to complete several other helpful studies. Among
them are investigations of the properties of those . dense
clays which give so much trouble in drying. For this pur¬
pose I would like to ask any members of this Association
who can obtain for us 200 pound samples of such clays to
give me their addresses with all facts at command in ref¬
erence to the occurrence of these clays and their behavior.

I shall also be grateful if any member of the Association
who has a problem or problems in mind whose solution he
thinks will be helpful to clay workers at large, will write
me concerning them. Such a list would help us to decide
what investigations, we would best undertake during the
coming year. Of course it is understood that these would
be suggestions only, and that many of them would be en¬
tirely beyond our reach, but they would help nevertheless
by indicating the difficulties which manufacturers have to
contend, and so enable us to make our work helpful to
practical men.

At your meeting last winter a resolution was passed ask¬
ing us to arrange for our institute lasting something like
ten days either just preceding or following the meeting of
the Association, which should be open to all clay workers
without fees.

Acting on this request we sent to each member of the
Association a letter asking what topics he would like to
have discusssed at the institute. Perhaps one-fifth of those
addressed replied and in nearly all cases suggested “Drying
and Burning” as the topics. We have arranged an eight-
day program on these subjects.

We consider ourselves peculiarly fortunate in being able
to secure the help of Messrs. Richardson and Watts and
Professor Bleininger, as well as that of Professors Parr and
Watson and Dr. H. F. Bain of the University faculty. I
think I may justly say that the clay workers of the state
have not often had an opportunity to listen to as reliable
and thoroughly helpful a series of lectures as those which
will be presented at this institute, and we bespeak for them
a generous patronage.

It will rest with you to say whether these institutes shall
be continued. The University will make the necessary pro¬
vision for them year by year, provided the clay workers
show enough interest in them to attend. Of course you
would not expect us to continue them if the lecturers had
to speak to empty seats or to a mere handful of auditors.
The future of the institutes then is in your hands.

Last year I called your attention to the need of a reliable
list of clay workers and clay-working establishments of the
state. We have taken great pains to collect such a list and
have nearly a thousand names, but find that the list is
wholly unreliable. We have resorted to several schemes in
the effort to correct it. First we selected what seemed to
be the largest plant in each county and sent to its proprietor
a list of all the plants in that county as we had them, ask-

CLAY RECORD.

ing him to correct the list. Replies were received from
perhaps twenty-five per cent of these persons, most of these
coming from counties which have but few plants. Next
Brick and The Clay Record published special articles and
sent sample copies containing these articles to each address,
requesting an acknowledgment. Not three per cent of
those receiving these paid any attention to the request. We
next sent out over eight hundred circular letters stating
that we would soon be ready to distribute bulletins contain¬
ing the results of our work and saying that these would be
sent to those replying to the circular. Something over two
hundred replies have been received. As the other six hun¬
dred were in return envelopes, they must have reached
their destination. I state these facts, not as a complaint,
but in order to show you that we need your co-operation
in this matter. Can you not devise some way by which we
can secure a correct list of the clay workers in your vicin¬
ity? Would it be asking too much if we requested each
member of the Association to make for us such a list for
his part of the state covering one, two or three counties ?

In regard to plans for the future, we need a laboratory
something like 60x120 feet which can be erected at a cost
of about $10,000 with an equipment of heavy machinery
costing from $2,000 to $3,000. We need, also, to increase
our force of permanent workers, and the salaries of these
men, together with the expense of carrying on the investi¬
gations, we estimate will require $6,000 to $6,500 per year.
These sums we have asked your legislative committee to
arrange for, if possible.

Now, gentlemen, we have endeavored to set before you
fairly the things which we have done in the last year and a
half, and we have told you not all of our troubles, but those
only which we think you can help us to overcome. We
leave it for you to say whether the end has justified the
means. Whether the results of our work contain enough
of promise to warrant the labor and self sacrifice which
will be 'involved in your continued co-operation.

President Stipes: I would like to hear some remarks
from the members on the subject. Mr. Barr, tell him why
you did not answer his letter.

Mr. Barr: I don’t know; I guess to a certain extent I
will have to plead guilty. I think perhaps we did answer
the letter that we got, but I don’t think that we had very
much information. So far as the different clay plants are
concerned in the county in which I am, I could not give
them to you. There are several plants in the different parts
of the county, but I don’t know what their addresses are.
Our line is a little different, so that we don’t meet them. We
don’t make tile. It is all paving brick. I think I could give
you the address of every paving brick plant in the state,
but the tile plants I don’t know. That is why I didn’t re¬
spond to that.

President Stipes : I beg your pardon, I didn’t know but
what may be you had answered the letter. (Laughter.)
Mr. Hammerschmidt, how is it with you?

Mr. Hammerschmidt: I think I responded. I know that
the list was correct as far as our county was concerned
that was asked for. I think the only way to get the cor¬
rect list is to get it from the machine men. They have a
correct list of every tile and brick factory in the state — only
they won’t give it away. (Laughter.)

Mr. Stoll: I have had a good deal of experience in writ¬
ing to clay workers. Being over in Ohio some time ago
I wanted the names of clay workers in the different parts

of the United States and the most successful way that I
found to get those was to write to the banks in the town
and put a postal card in my letter and say to them, “Kindly
give me the names of all clay workers in your town, of
whatsoever kind.” I have invariably got a reply. But I
have written to clay workers in the seventeen years that I
was secretary of the Association and I will say that I
did not get a reply to a third of the letters I wrote. There¬
fore, when I got up a program I would say, “you are on the
list for a certain kind of a paper.” They didn’t reply, but
that didn’t make any difference with me. I took no answer
for an acceptance.

President Stipes: The next subject on the program is
“The Economic Value of Illinois Coal.” By Lester P.
Breckenridge, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, U.

of I.

THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF ILLINOIS COALS.

The state of Illinois is singularly favored in all the con¬
ditions requisite for a rapid and permanent industrial de¬
velopment. It has a vast area underlaid with productive
coal seams, which afford an abundant supply of bituminous
coal of good quality. With the Great Lakes on the north¬
east, the Mississippi river on the west, and with a network
of railroads having an aggregate length of nearly 12,000
miles, facilities for transportation are unexcelled. Illinois
is also fortunate in its large area of arable land of extreme
fertility. In view of its cheap and abundant fuel and its
unexcelled facilities for the transportation of raw material
and finished products, it is not surprising that Illinois has
pushed forward rapidly in manufacturing and allied in¬
dustries.

The slow but persistent advance of the center of popu¬
lation of the United States presents some interesting prob¬
lems for the student of Economics. Beginning near
Washington in 1800, this path has held its course almost
due west, passing into West Virginia in 1820, into southern
Ohio in 1850, nearing Cincinnati in 1870 and crossing into
Indiana about 1880, reaching in 1900 a point a little south
of Indianapolis. At the present rate of extension, this path
of population center is due in Illinois about 1930.

We cannot here dwell on the thoughts that present them¬
selves when we contemplate those conditions which always
precede the pushing forward of the lines of population into
a new country. The primitive pursuits, hunting and fish¬
ing, the clearing of forests, the preparation of roads, graz¬
ing of herds, agricultural pursuits, all have their place in
the march of progress.

Another path is now wending its way westward. This
path is a few hundred miles north of the one just consid¬
ered,- and naturally its present western terminus is a few
hundred miles behind. The path of the Center of Manu¬
facturing is now in mind. According to our first definite
information, it began in 1850 near Harrisburg, Pennsyl¬
vania. It took thirty-five years before it crossed into Ohio,
but by 1900 it was nearly half-way across that state and
on its way toward Illinois. Since 1850 the growth of
manufacturing in Illinois, measured by the value of the
manufactured product, has been at an average rate of one
hundred per cent a decade, and the rank of the state has
advanced from fifteenth to third. This rate of advance is
merely typical of the development in other industrial lines.

All these facts have an important bearing upon our sub¬
ject, “The Economic Value of Illinois Coals.” In a few
years the American people and American engineers will
have completed the Panama Canal. The markets of South
American republics shpuld by that time be open to Ameri¬
can products and American ships should be ready to convey

GLMY RECORD.

our products to them. Open very wide must stand the
doors of the Orient if through them, too, shall pass the
various products of American industry which they will
surely come to demand and which we should be prepared
to supply. Looking to the west and southwest, soon vast
acres of now arid plains, yielding to our foresight and en¬
terprise, will burst forth into fields of waving grain and
bountiful orchards of fruits. When we cast our eyes upon
the map of the states, when we weigh the advantages of our
section, already cited, we cannot escape the conviction that
in the years soon to come, the industrial activities of the
central Mississippi Valley will enlarge and grow far be¬
yond the thought of that great mass of our population
dwelling on the plains, and perhaps even beyond the dreams
of those who occasionally have dared to climb the heights
and peer into the future. In the midst of all these mighty
forces, working to compete the picture which I have held
up to you, stands our Illinois, even now justly proud of its
fertile fields, its rich mines, its many miles of railways, its
varied industries and its intelligent people.

What of its future? All its present advantages will be
developed and improved. Our soils under scientific treat¬
ment will produce more and still retain their fertility; our
mines will produce more, waste less and improve their
products for economical use. Our people, freed from many
of the tasks and hardships of pioneer days will have more
time to cultivate those qualities of mind and soul which
were so often left without a fair chance in the days when
our temporal needs seemed to demand all our energies.

And our industries, — what of them? As the Indian
sought the forest and stream abounding in game, as the
farmer seeks the large and fertile fields adjoining markets
that require his products, so, too, does the manufacturer
seek the locality of dense population for his labor, of cheap
fuel for his power and accessible markets for his products.
All of these Illinois now has and will continue to have in
increasing measure. The unparalleled resources of Illi¬
nois, if properly exploited, should make it the greatest pro¬
ducing and manufacturing state in the whole Mississippi
Valley. Ships passing through the Panama Canal should
be laden with Illinois manufactures bound across the Pa¬
cific or to the South American ports. The coals of Illinois
should warm the homes of the Northwest. Transconti¬
nental trains should convey our food products from the
Atlantic to the Pacific or en route for the Gulf ports.

I have endeavored to point out what appears to be the
wonderfully favorable position of Illinois in its relation to
the great industrial activities of the country. Taking into
consideration the following, facts, it must be very evident
that the coals of Illinois will continue in great demand for
supplying sister states, for its increasing transportation, of
which its rapidly growing electric lines will be no small
factor, and for its great manufacturing industries. The
demand for its fuel will determine its greatest economic
value. These pertinent facts are that outside of Pennsyl¬
vania, which is preeminently the first state in coal mining,
Illinois leads in the production of coal, yielding about 10.4
per cent of the entire quantity mined in the United States,
while in the same year all of the states west of the Mis¬
sissippi together produced but 12.2 per cent, so that to Illi¬
nois should naturally fall the privilege of supplying a gen¬
erous share of the fuel of the nation. Apparently Illinois
will soon produce quite as much coal as all the states west
of the Mississippi.

The coal deposits of Illinois are included in the eastern
interim coal field of the United States, which covers west¬
ern Indiana, nearly the whole of the state of Illinois, and
western Kentucky. . Illinois has the largest coal-bearing
ai ea of any state in the Union, about two-thirds of the
state, or upwards of 3 7>°oo square miles, producing coal.

A medium grade of bituminous coal is mined, suitable for
the production of power, being used mostly as a steaming
fuel by railroads and manufactories. The following table
shows the production of coal in the leading coal states dur¬
ing 1902 and 1903 :

Production of Bituminous Coal in the United States.

Rank Stale 1902 903 Incre se

1 Pennsylvania . 98,946,000 103,000,000 4.

2 Illinois . 30,031,000 34,955,000 15.

3 West Virginia .... 26,162,000 26,882,000 2.7

4 Ohio . 23,929,000 24,573,000 2.6

United States . 258,372,000 277,077,000 6.7

The following statistics for the year ending June 30,
1903, will give an idea of the magnitude and importance
of the coal industry in Illinois: During that year there
were 935 mines in operation, giving employment to 35,000
miners and 15,000 employees other than miners. The
total product was thirty-five millions of tons, valued at
more than thirty-six millions of dollars at the mines.

It will be interesting in this connection to note the
world’s coal production in 1904, and to learn that the
United States produced 36 per cent of the world’s total
output of that year.

W or Id's Production of Coal in 1904.

Country

United States
Great Britain
Germany . . .
All others . .

Short i ons I'er cent

352,314,270 36

260,312,640 27

186,731,996 19

178,728,835 18

Total . 978,087,741 100

THE CHARACTER OF ILLINOIS COALS.

The State Geological Survey is doing important work in
determining the location and extent of the various seams,
usually referred to by number, which at present are hardly
of more than local significance. As a rule the best coals are
those from the lowest seams. At present seam No. 6 is the
most important producer.

In chemical composition Illinois coals are usually some¬
what higher in volatile matter than the coals from the east¬
ern fields and this for many years gave difficulty in burning
it with the best economy and without smoke. At present no
such difficulty need exist, as it has been and is being demon-
strated that Illinois coals can be burned with g’ood econ¬
omy and without smoke, at least in properly constructed
furnaces under stationary boilers. As illustrating approxi¬
mately the chemical composition and heating value of Illi¬
nois coals, the following table is submitted:

Proximate Analysis- — Air-Dry Coal.

(From inspection of 350 analyses.)

Varies from low value to high value

Fixed carbon . . 35% 55%

Volatile matter . 30% 40%

Moisture . 4% 12%

. 4% 20%

Average

45%

35%

12%

PrulPhllr. . 1% 5%

Heat units, per pound . 10,500 14,000 12,8c

this table was made by inspecting the results of aboj
35° analyses recently published by Prof. S. W. Parr froi

Illinois' ^°rat01T Applied Chemistry of the University c

THE USE OF ILLINOIS COALS.

More has been done during the last three years to deffi
mine the conditions under which Illinois coals can be burnt
with economy than during all the preceding years. T1
agencies which have been active are :

• ip, Ym}e£ STtate.s Geol°gical Survey at the Fuel Tes
mg riant at St. Louis

GLAY RECORD,

(b) Engineering Experiment Station of the University
of Illinois

(a) Thd results of the tests made by the United States
Geological Survey at St. Louis are published from time to
time and cover tests made on coals from all parts of the
United States. Coals are tested here by various divisions
as follows :

(a') Under steam boilers

(b') 111 gas producers

(c') In coke ovens

( d' ) By briquetting

(e') By complete chemical analysis

A most valuable work is being done at this plant and the
iesults obtained will have an ever-increasing value. It is
unfortunate that the results have not been more promptly
published and placed before the public. The reports relat¬
ing to this work may be obtained by applying to any Con¬
gressman or to the Director of the United States Geological
Survey.

(b) Realizing the importance of more extended infor¬

mation relating to Illinois coals, the Engineering Experi¬
ment Station at the University of Illinois has purchased and
installed a plant designed especially for conducting a series
of fuel tests of Illinois coals. The plant consists of a 210
H. P. Heine water-tube boiler, together with a Green chain
grate stoker and a Sturtevant economizer and induced draft
fan and engine. This boiler is a duplicate of the boilers
used by the United States government in the fuel tests at
St. Louis under the direction of the Lmited States Geologi¬
cal Survey to which reference has just been made. It was
thought that in this way the fuel tests here at the Univer¬
sity would be in a measure comparable with the tests made
by the government on coals from all parts of the United
States. _

The rapid growth of the industrial interests of Illinois
demands a careful study of the great fuel supply, and no
effort should be spared in the introduction and promulga¬
tion of improved methods and processes in the production,
treatment and consumption of its coal. In the tests of Illi¬
nois coal, which it is now proposed to make, less attention
will be paid to routine boiler tests, familiarly known as
such, and more attention will be given to a scientific study
of fuel treatment before burning and to a study of those
furnace constructions and conditions which give promise
of maximum results. In order that future tests may be
conducted along lines which will meet with the general ap¬
proval of the various interests of the state, a Conference
Committee on Fuel Tests has been appointed, consisting of
the members named below and representing the organiza¬
tions indicated :

H. Foster Bain, Director State Geological Survey, Ur-
bana, Ill., representing the State Geological Survey ;

A. Bement, Consulting Engineer, Chicago, the Western
Society of Engineers ;

Edwin H. Cheney, President Fuel Engineering Com¬
pany, Chicago, the Building Managers’ Association of Chi¬
cago;

F. H. Clark. Gen. Supt. Motive Power, Burlington Road,
C. B. & O. Rv., Chicago, the Western Railway Club:

Adolph Mueller, President H. Mueller Mfg. Company,
Decatur, Ill., the Illinois Manufacturers’ Association ;

Carl Scholz, President Coal Valley Mining Company,
Chicago, the Illinois Operators’ Association ;

A. V. Schroeder, Decatur Railway and Light Company,
Decatur, Ill., State Electric Light Association ;

Wm. L. Abbott, Chief Operating Engineer, Chicago Edi¬
son Company, Chicago, the Board of Trustees, University
of Illinois ;

L. P. Breckenridge, Director Engineering Experiment
Station, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.

Reference has been made to the government fuel tests at
St. Louis. It should be stated that the work of the boiler
division of these tests has been carried on under the direc¬
tion of the Director of the Illinois Engineering Experiment
Station, who will also have charge of the tests made at the
University of Illinois. The chemical division of this work
will be under the supervision of Prof. S. W. Parr, of the
department of Applied Chemistry, who has already done
work of great value to the coal industries of the state.

It is hoped that mine owners and manufacturers will find
it advantageous to co-operate with the Engineering Ex¬
periment Station in the proposed tests. The Station Staff
will always be glad to receive such suggestions concerning
this work as those interested may desire to offer.

(c) The results of the work of private enterprise are
not always made available by publication. Much that is
valuable, however, is being done. During the year impor¬
tant papers have been presented in the Journal of the West¬
ern Society of Engineers , one by Mr. W. L. Abbott on
“Some characteristics of coal as affecting performance with
steam boilers,” and one by Mr. A. Bement on “The sup¬
pression of industrial smoke with particular reference to
steam boilers.” These papers were extensively discussed
and the papers and discussions are worthy of careful study.

AC I'UAL IEaTS OF ILLINOIS GOALS.

For the purposes of this paper, it has seemed sufficient to
give only a few of the leading items from the results of tests
made with Illinois coals. In the table following are given
the average results of fifty-four tests, the ten highest tests
and the highest single test of the government fuel testing
plant at St. Louis. These tests are all hand-fired on a plain
grate and under a standard Heine water-tube boiler of 210
H. P. In commercial plants where these results are not
attained, it would be well to examine the installations and
seek for improved conditions. From an inspection of many
tests it would almost seem an established fact that for usual
conditions, proportions and hand-firing, the best economy
will be obtained when burning 20 pounds of coal per hour
per square foot of grate area.

Results of steaming tests of Illinois coals by the boiler
division, United States Geological Survey at St. Louis, un¬
der a 210 H. P. Heine water-tube boiler, all coals hand-
fired.

Average Results of Fifty-Four Coals Tested.

Average of best test Average of 54 tests Highest
i Pounds of water evap-

orated per pound of
dry coal (from and
at 2100) .

7-53

8.51

9.08

Pounds of coal burned
per square foot of
grate surface per
hour .

22.5

20.66

i9-63

Average temperature
of escaping gases. .

560 F.

534 F.

585 F.

Percentage of heat in
the coal absorbed by
the boiler .

61 %

67.04%

69.36

Per cent, of ash in
coals .

US %

1 1.28%

10.23

Per cent, of sulphur
in coals .

3.60%

2.84%

1 94

Heat units in coal per
pound . ]

[2,250 Btu.

12,622

12,374 Btu.

From Mine No. 7, Big Muddy Coal and Iron Company,
Herrin, Williamson County, Ill. — a mixture of lump and egg
made bv passing run-of-mine over a 3-inch mesh.

CL. MV RECORD.

A series of steaming' tests of Illinois coals has been con¬
ducted by the Mechanical Engineering department at the
University of Illinois, extending over a period of ten years,
1895 to 1905. These tests have been made under both hori¬
zontal tubular boilers and water-tube boilers, on plain grates
and on several types of stokers. In most cases these tests,
have been made under every-day operating conditions. Of
these tests 162 have been selected as most satisfactory, and
the leading results have been grouped in Table I which fol¬
lows. In column 70 of this table, are the figures generally
desired for comparative performance. Attention is called
to the arrangement under each type of “boiler and grate”
of three bracketed results, viz., the average of all tests; the
average of the best ten; and the best single test. A careful
study of this table reveals the fact that in it are the average
results of a large number of trials, for instance, there are
46 trials on chain grate stokers, under water-tube boilers,
etc.

Comparison of Results c
Horizontal Tubular a

In using coals high in sulphur it has been found necessary
to keep the engine cylinder comparatively hot, the jacket
water usually leaving at about 180° F. The sulphur appar¬
ently burns in the cylinders adding its energy to that of the
gas. No deleterious effects have thus far been observed in
the valves or cylinders.

WASHING AND BRIQUETTING COAL.

Large sums of money have been expended for plants for
washing Illinois coal. The object sought by washing is the
removal of the ash and sulphur. The results of the washing
are various. The ash content is reduced anywhere from 3
to 12 per cent., and the sulphur content is reduced from .5
to 2 per cent. Any ash left at the mine is a distinct gain,
as it does not involve freight or other handling charges.
The washing process, however, entails a loss of some coal
washed out with the ash reaching from 6 to 15 per cent. But
few satisfactory tests have yet been made to compare the
relative evaporative efficiency of washed and unwashed coal
Boiler tests vvith Illinois Coals on
> Water-Tube Boilers

Horse-power

Equiv. Evap- F. and A. 212°

No. of
Tests

No.

Aver.

Dry Coal

Per sq.

B. T. U.

Eft. of

Type of

Force

Flue

per sq. ft-

Develop’d

Per cent

Per lb.

Boiler

Boiler and Grate

Coals

Gas

of Grate

ft. of

and

Aver-

Aver

Draft

Temp.

Surface
Per hr.

Boiler

of rating
Dev’p’d

Heating
Surface
per hr.

Dry

Coal

Combus¬

tible

Dry Coal

Grate

S. M. E. Cpde No.

f 9

.214

605

22.7

305

105

3.57

7.32

8.53

13034

54.2

/ Water-Tube
' Roney stoker

.214

605

22.7

305

105

3.57

7.32

8.53

13034

54.2

] Highest
l Single

.166

656

26.5

132

4.55

7.75

9.21

12364

60.5

493

521

27.2

180

3.43

6.29

7.82

11562

52.5

i W ater-Tube

0^ chain grate

Highest

571

507

26.1

202

106

3.76

7.33

9.01

11821

59.9

Highest
. Single

.710

592

23.9

109

4.18

7.66

9.64

11067

66.9

1 3 Hor. Tubular
rocking grate

.323

473

20.5

121

113

3.70

6.81

7.95

11809

55.7

.323

473

20.5

121

113

3.70

6.81

7.95

11809

55.7

Highest
. Single

.257

519

18.2

117

4.00

7.38

8.30

11250

63.4

.267

534

11.5

2.45

6.38

7 48

11532

53.4

// Hor. Tubular
plain grate

Highest

.354

542

13.4

123

3.16

6.91

7.85

11797

56.6

.405

549

13.6

130

3.37

7.05

7.78

11430

59.6

l Single

1 — Water-Tube

0 plain grate

.400

509

20.6

176

2.62

5.75

6.67

11608

47.8

Highest

.404

552

21.6

220

3.28

6.64

7.85

11728

54.7

Highest

• 790

616

25.1

507

3.38

6.85

8.39

11427

57.9

Single

.530

488

18.3

189

2.53

5.87

6.64

• • • •

f1Turphy Furnace

•

Highest

.516

481

19.1

205

2.75

6.11

6.92

....

Highest

481

18.4

205

2.76

6.36

7 09

l Single

ILLINOIS COALS IN POWER GAS PRODUCERS.
During the year ( 1906) many kinds of Illinois coals have
been used with entire success in the gas producer tests in
progress at St. Louis. Even coals high in ash and sulphur,
which some have thought impossible in gas engine practice,
have been found to give but little trouble. In one test, Illi¬
nois coal, furnished by Donk Brothers, from South Illinois
mines, was used for a continuous run of 23 days in a Taylor
gas producer, and gas was furnished a 235-H. P. 3-cylinder
(cyl. 19x22) vertical Westinghouse gas engine which deliv¬
ered during this period 220 H. P. on an average coal con¬
sumption of 1.7 pounds per engine horse power hour. In
gas producers, the following are a few of the results obtained
with Illinois coals, the average duration of these tests being
50 hours.

TESTS BY GAS (fIRGDUCER DIVISION OF THE U. S. GEO¬
LOGICAL SURVEY FUEL TESTING PLANT AT
ST. LOUIS IN 1906

ILLINOIS COAL
Slack Egg and Nut Lump

1 Average B. t. u. generated

per cu. ft. of gas . 130 147 150

2 Pounds of dry coal per elec¬

trical horse-power at the

switchboard . 2.53 1.75 1.58

of the same sizes. Experiments now in progsess by the En¬
gineering Experiment Station will, it is hoped, shed some
light on this subject.

Briquetted coal is very generally used abroad by locomo¬
tives, industrial and domestic concerns. The price of coal
in foreign markets renders necessary the utilization of all
its small sizes. Briquetted coal seldom produces smoke even
in locomotive boilers, as recent tests of the C. B. & Q. and
the Rock Island roads have demonstrated. The cost of
briquetting, $1.10 to $1.40 per ton, makes its general use
prohibitive as it adds but little to its heating value. We are
greatlv in need of more information on this subject.

GENERAL SUMMARY.

In this paper three thoughts have been prominently be¬
fore the writer:

(a) The great natural advantages, in position, in re¬
sources. in population of the state of Illinois.

(b) The agencies now actively engaged in studying the
problems of its fuel location, production and use.

For those who are but slightly interested in the pioblems
here discussed, the few general statements presented below
will doubtless be sufficient:

CLHY RECORD,

1. In the value of the manufactured product, the fol¬
lowing states lead, in the order named: New York, Penn¬
sylvania, Illinois, Massachusetts, and Ohio.

2. *The value of the manufactured products of Illinois
in 1905 was $1,410,342,129, an increase of 25.8 per cent,
since 1900.

3. The United States is now producing nearly 40 per
cent, of the coal supply of the world.

4. Illinois is now producing nearly 11 per cent, of the
coal supply of the United States.

5. Illinois is now producing nearly as much coal as the
states west of the Mississippi, taken together.

6. The westward advance of population and manufactur¬
ing, the development of the Northwest territory,, the irriga¬
tion of the West, and the construction of the Panama Canal
all mean much more to Illinois and its future industries than
a first glance at these activities would suggest.

*Census bulletins No. 52. Census of Manufactures 1905
Illinois.

7. Encouragement and support should be given to the
agencies which are working on the problems of the produc¬
tion and utilization of Illinois coals :

(a) The fuel testing plant of the United States Geolo¬
gical Survey.

(b) The Engineering Experiment Station of the Univer¬
sity of Illinois.

8. Illinois coal when hand-fired (in sizes above J/\. in.)
should evaporate under fair conditions 7.5 pounds of water
per pound of dry coal. Under good conditions 8.5 pounds,
and under best conditions 9.25 pounds.

9. Illinois coals with standard automatic stokers using
nut and slack sizes should evaporate from 6.5 to 7.5 pounds
of water per pound of coal.

10. Illinois coal can be burned economically and with¬
out smoke.

11. Many Illinois coals can be successfully used in pow¬
er gas producers, and with gas engines now on the market
produce an electrical horse-power with iy2 pounds of coal
per hour.

12. The washing of Illinois coals has made it entirely
satisfactory for domestic use. It can be burned without
smoke in furnaces and ranges.

13. Power can be manufactured in this state with Illinois
coal cheaper than it can be purchased at Niagara Falls.

14. The special fuel problems of the clay industries are
. entitled to more consideration than has up to this time been

given them.

Mr. Mamer : I would like to ask one question. Our ex¬
perience has been in burning washed coal and firing it the
same as you would fire the common lump, that it will make
more smoke than the lump itself.

Prof. Breckenridge : Every kind of coal, whatever it
is, needs a particular kind of furnace in which to be burned.
You may have to find out what that kind of furnace is but
with the right furnace any kind of coal may be burnt with¬
out smoke. I expect that you will visit the University while
you are here. There we have been burning all kinds of coal
in that furnace. You cannot make smoke in it, simply be¬
cause it is constructed so that smoke is not made. It is a
question of construction and operation.

Mr. Mamer: You get the smoke, but you burn it.

Prof. Breckenridge: No. If you once make smoke,
you are lost. You must not make it. You must have per¬
fect combustion, and then there won’t be any smoke. I
cannot answer the question that you ask. I do not know

why your particular furnace does better with one kind of
coal than another.

Mr. Talbot: I would like to ask what kind of a furnace,
is a down-draft?

Prof. Breckenridge : Yes. The products of combustion
will not come in contact with the cold surface of the boiler.
So that the products are distilled slowly from the coal.
But they do not come in any way in contact with the cold
surface of the boiler.

Mr. Talbot: We are operating down-grade furnaces.
We have used the washed coal. There is absolutely no
smoke at all. While it is higher priced coal, it is cheaper
in the long run. In addition to that we use a considerable
amount of washed coal. It is high priced coal, but it is
the cheapest.

Prof. Breckenridge : I have used the washed coal in my
house range for the last three or four years and it never
makes any smoke.

Mr. Mamer : I would like to see how he burns his coal
in a house range and never makes any smoke. I have spent
about three weeks this winter in trying to burn No. 2
washed nut, which comes from the Mount Olive District,
without making any smoke. I came very near doing it,
but it required more work than I cared to do. The easiest
way to burn that coal is to burn it on the under feed stoker
principle. But ordinarily in a house furnace you can’t do
that, or don’t do it, at least.

Prof. Breckenridge: I live right near the University.
I will take you over and show you. I don’t live in Missouri,
but I will show you. (Laughter.)

Mr. Pratt: I would like to say, in reply to Mr. Mamer’s
idea that the reason why the small washed coal is unsatis¬
factory is because it does not have so much superficial
area. That has been my experience. And so far as nut
coal is concerned, I think in an ordinary under-feed boiler
it will produce more smoke. Where you take the larger size,
lump coal, the distillation must of necessity be slow.

Prof. Breckenridge: The construction of the grate will
allow it to be very slow.

Mr. Moore : The people of Chicago are having a lot of
trouble of that kind. They are changing their furnaces
and still make smoke.

Prof. Breckenridge: Nevertheless we have furnaces at
the University and they do not turn out smoke. Illinois
coal can be burned without smoke. Chicago people either
have not the opportunity to put in the right kind of facili¬
ties in some of their existing plants, or else they find it is
easier to let the coal companies pay the fines.

Mr. Pratt : I had charge of a plant at the Northwestern
Station for 2^2 years before I went into the brick business.
We had a furnace in which you could burn any grade of
coal without producing any smoke. We used to catch our
fireman once in a while when they were steaming up on the
"up-draft and then we would have smoke; but when they
adhered strictly to the down-draft principle there was no
trouble. At times we would use anything to avoid shutting
down the plant, and I have seen the scrapings of the mine
used. We never produced any smoke except as I say
occasionally.

GLMY

Prof. Breckenridge : Perhaps all of you gentlemen have
children that you try to show off once in a while, and at
the time that you want them to do something they get ob¬
stinate and won’t do it. I am always afraid that when we
go to look at our University stack it will smoke like forty.
But I rather hope that we can get you over there when it
doesn’t smoke.

The President : Is it possible for a man to take the ordi¬
nary furnace that we have under the boilers and so con¬
struct it that it will not smoke?

Prof. Breckenridge: You are thinking now of the hori¬
zontal tubular boiler. • That is a rather difficult proposition.
There is no better way of making a lot of smoke than using
an ordinary furnace under a tubular boiler. If you are
trying to make all the smoke you can, that is the way to do
it, owing to the very cold surface of the boiler. If you used
hot air or gas in the furnace and put your hand on that
boiler it would feel cold to you, because there is a big differ¬
ence between the furnace temperature and the temperature
of the boiler, so I say that when the product of combustion
comes in contact with the boiler, that is the best way of
making smoke. There have been quite a number of devices
to obviate that in connection with that class of boilers, but
they are usually such small boilers that the people who
make boilers have not given enough attention to it. There
ought to be some sort of fire brick or arches ; a fire brick
arch right over the grate so that the fire does not come in
contact with the boiler.

Mr. Hammerschmidt : Do you advise a fire arch over the
fire ?

Prof. Breckenridge: Yes. It would have to go back
probably four or five feet.

Mr. Mamer: I would like to ask, in constructing a
furnace like that, if it would not be more practicable to
put in that arch so that the gas, instead of pressing to the
rear, would pass toward the front and then over top of the
arch, as they do to some extent in some of the big locomo¬
tives.

Prof.. Breckenridge : It is very difficult to discuss details
in a meeting like this. Distill your gas from your coal
slowly, have the products of combustion mix with the
proper amount of hot air and keep the fire away from the
cold boiler surface. Now, that is not always done and it
is not easy to accomplish all those things. In getting up
steam it will take less coal because you will burn all that
you put in there. Some people think that because the heat
is not taken right into the boiler above the fire it is never
taken up ; but it is. Of course, you have got to proportion
your heating surface right You practically produce your
gas and it will stay at a high temperature and then turn
into the boiler after complete combustion. I told you if we
got started on the smoke business there would be no end of
it. Yon would be surprised to know how little carbon there
is in this dense, black smoke that pours out. But there is no
black smoke if the combustion is complete.

President Stipes: The next paper on the program is
“Cost and Estimates on Handling of Clay Materials” — by
Mr. J. K. Moore and Air. H. R. Straight, of Champaign.

This paper will be printed later

The President: The next on the program is a discus¬
sion, “Should tile be layed deep or shallow to get the best
results ?”

Mr. Walter : As to the depth that the tile should be laid,
the formation of the soil should have a great deal to do with
it. If you have a clay subsoil or hard pan, you cannot lay
your tiles over a foot and a half or two feet deep. If you
have a gravel subsoil, you can lay three or four feet deep.
You cannot have any definite plan in laying tile. It is all
owing to the soil. We have soil in our county where the
tile would not draw more than a foot and a half. As I say,
the ground has a good deal to do with it.

Mr. Hammerschmidt: I think tile can never be laid too
deep. I don’t care whether it is hard-pan or not. I don’t
believe that a tile ought ever to be laid less than 3^2 feet
deep. If it is hard-pan, pick through it. This question has
been up often. I haven’t anything more to say about it for
I think that answers the question. You never can lay it
too deep to suit me.

Mr. Walter: You have different soil than we have.

Mr. Hammerschmidt: I don’t care what soil it is. I
never saw it laid too deep. I have seen the men pick
through it inch by inch. The water will get through it.

Air. Mamer : According to that statement it would seem
that the deeper laid tiles would retain more of the fertiliz¬
ing qualities of the rainfall. I think that where the tile
is laid deep it will do so to a greater extent than where it
is laid shallow. As far as hard-pan is concerned, my expe¬
rience has been very similar to what Air. Hammerschmidt
says. I knc’” where tile has been laid where years ago it
was a common expression that the “clay came up to the
rail fence,” but now it is good soil. In a great many in¬
stances it has appeared that where tile was laid in hard-pan
it did not work as successfully as it should until the fifth
or sixth year. It seemed to take that long for the soil to
become loosened and the water it work through it. In my
part of the country we have some cases where it is laid 15
feet deep and that tile will drain the water for 10 or 15
rods on each side of it.

Prof. Rolfe: 1 did not care to take part in the discussion
the gentleman speak of. There is one point, however, that
has not been referred to in this discussion and that has not
been taken into account. There is no doubt in my mind
that if one wishes the immediate effect of the tile, if he
wishes to see the tile drain at once as soon as it is laid,
there is no question but that the tile should be laid shallow
if there is any closeness in the subsoil or in the soil itself,
blit I do beleve that Air. Hammerschmidt is right. If you
want permanent value out of your tile you want to put it
down deep. The one object of the tile, besides carrying
off the water is to bring the water to the roots of the plants.
If you wish to do that, you must put your tile down deep
enough to be effective. If you put your tile down 18 inches,
it will be 18 inches, and if you put it down 4 feet, it will be 4
feet. I believe that the laying of the tile down deep will
bring better results than if the tile is laid shallow. The ques¬
tion in a discussion of this kind is, what is hard-pan. That is

GLHY RECORD.

a pretty difficult question to answer. We mean a dozen
different things when we use the word hard-pan. We may
say that hard-pan is simply a close, dense clay, and then
there is no doubt that if you coax the water through that
close, dense clay you will change its construction so that
you can increase porosity. While I am not an expert, I
have made observations in regard to it.

Mr. Walter: If we tell our farmers that it will take
five years before they get any benefit, I don’t think we
would sell any tile. The best plan, I think, is to put them
closer together and more of them. That would help us and
help them also. They would not stand to wait five years
to get results out of the tile.

Mr. Hammerschmidt : I never have tried to make a
farmer buy tile, because it is more profitable to me. I want
a farmer to use tile at the least expense possible. In my
county the clay is very tough. By putting the tile down
the water will go through. If that tile lies on top, say 18
inches the water gets to it, but the water will go down there
through the clay, I don’t care how deep it is. It will grad¬
ually soften the clay and the surroundings. In a neighbor¬
ing town they laid a sewer and they went down 28 feet.
They 4on’t need any tile for 20 or 30 rods on either side
of it. The water went down through the clay and followed
that sewer. The sewer was built in 1892. That is why it
proved to me that the deeper the tile is laid the more benefit
you get.

Prof. Rolfe : When the tile is laid below the clay and the
water gradually works its way through, this is what seems
to me to be true : It induces a sort of granulation of the
clay, and the water goes down between those grains in the
clay and makes the land porous. I believe that is a true ex¬
planation. Though I cannot say I know it.

Mr. Powell: I think that the fact of the water being
taken out by the tile admits the air which disintegrates or
breaks up, or softens the hard-pan. That has only been
touched on. I think that that is the practical solution. I
have known hard-pan to become soft after the water had
been drained from it. I would like to know if Professor
Rolfe thinks that is possible, that it would have that effect?

Prof. Rolfe : There is no doubt but what carbonic acid
gas is in the air and it will help in the breaking up of the
hard-pan.

Prof. • Bain : In a good many cases in coal mines we
have a hard clay, which is practically hard-pan. In some
way or another the air in that case does have the effect
of breaking down the shale, and I should think that some¬
thing of the same kind might take place under ground
when you put in a drain pipe. We hope to have some op¬
portunity to make some experiments on coal mines, and the
presence of gas, and things of that sort. I don’t know
whether we will be able to-do that, but that is one of the
things that we want to take up and then we may have some
data to bear on the subject.

The President : While you have the floor, professor, you
might tell us what has been accomplished by the Purvey

up to this time.

Prof. Bain: The particular things that the Survey have

done that are of interest to the clay workers were touched
on by Prof. Rolfe. The fire clay work is very incomplete.
We simply knew in a general way that there were certain
clays, particularly in the southern part of he state, which
were reputed to be fire clays, so we sent a man to get
samples of them. We have practically nothing excepting
the fusion test, but we hope to take up that subject and do
more with it in the future. The work of the paving orick
has gone much farther, and I hope that the results when
they come out will prove of considerable value. I have in
mind a few years ago when the matter of Portland cement
was taken up in this country. We suddenly woke up to
the fact that Portland cement was a very valuable thing
and we might as well make it. In those days, and it is not
very long ago, nobody knew exactly how to make Portland
cement. We did not know what material to use. That was
only ten years ago. Now it is very easy to determine
whether the material is suitable for making Portland ce¬
ment.

As I understand it, your brick making industries to-day
nre in verv much the same condition that the Portland ce¬
ment business was ten years ago. It is one of the hopes
of our work that we may be able to help you and to help
the clay school in getting the clay industries into better
shape so that we can know more about our materials and
how to make them. In this connection I don’t know how
much you realize that what you get depends upon what you
ask, and how hard you ask it. We need money for the
Ceramic School, and we want money for the Surveys, if
you want the work done you will have to help us ask for
it. It depends on individual work on the part of every
clay worker. (Applause.)

Mr. Hammerschmidt: I make a motion that you appoint
a committee on nominations to report on the last day of this
meeting.

President Stipes: The motion is seconded and carried.

I will appoint a committee at the Wednesday morning ses¬
sion. For the Committee on Resolutions, I will appoint
the following named: H. de Joannis, of Chicago; Walter
M. Pratt, of Earlville, and C. C. Barr, of Streeter.

The convention then adjourned to Wednesday, Januarv
23, at 10 A. M.

IRONTON-ASHLAND BRICK WORKS DOING
AN IMMENSE BUSINESS

The Ironton-Ashland Brick Works, Ironton, O., of which
F. E. Hayward is president, have just closed one of the most
prosperous years in their history of brick making. During
the last ten months they have sold linings for 11 blast fur¬
naces, which is a record for one year. One plant of this
company is shut down now owing to the fact of the scarcity
of labor and the dearth of cars for shipping the finished
product. 1 his plant, however, will likely resume about the
first of February.

As an index of how business is going with the concern,
their entire output for the next six months is already sold.

Mr. Flay ward said that the past year was a hummer, but
that he expected 1907 to eclipse any year yet in the way
of demand for high class brick.

CLHY RECORD

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company,

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor.

SUBSCRIPTIONS.

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States, Canada or Mexico
and one dollar fifty cents for all other foreign countries.

Papers are not stopped at the end of subscriptions unless the sub*
scribers order them so and pay up the arrearages.

ENTBRBD AT THE CHICAGO POST OFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER

^1 ...

Vol. XXX. JANUARY 30, 1907. No. 2

“ I like to read American advertisements. They are (n
themselves literature, and 1 can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.” — William E. Gladstone.

When times are dull and people are not advertising is the
very time that advertising should be the heaviest. Ninety-nine
out of every hundred merchants advertise most when there is
least need of it, instead of looking upon advertising as the pan¬
acea for their business ills. — John Wanamaker.

CONVENTIONS

The Ninth annual convention of the American Ceramic
Society will be held at St. Louis, Mo., February 4-5, 1907.

The Second annual convention of the National Paving
Brick Manufacturers’ association will be held at St. Louis
Mo., February 4, 5, 6, 1907.

The Seventh annual convention of the Wisconsin Clay
Workers’ association will be held at Madison February 27,
28 and March 1, 1907.

- -

Lack of push and self-confidence keeps many a man’s
nose on the grindstone.

After you do some men a favor they are apt to be af¬
flicted with a partial loss of memory.

As yet the mirror has not been made that will enable a
man to see himself as others see him.

Subscribe for the Clay Record, It is the only clay jour¬
nal in America that is printed twice per month, and costs
the small sum of one dollar for a year. You can get all the
news all the time from two weeks to three months quicker
than in any other journal. Try it and be convinced.

Your friends think that you are right and your enemies
think that you are wrong, but you have to show the rest
of the cold, unsympathetic crowd.

The rapid corrosion of steel,, especially fence wire, has in¬
duced the United States Department of Agriculture to
make a thorough investigation of the subject. The old
style iron fence wire made from twenty to thirty years ago
has withstood corrosion much better than the modern steel
wire which has now entirely displaced the iron wire. Iron
wire fences erected over thirty years ago are still in a fair
state of preservation, while the life of modern steel wire is
only from two to five years. Even where the wire is gal¬
vanized it does not possess the weathering properties of the
old-fashioned iron wire. In fact the galvanized wire cor¬
rodes much faster than the plain steel wire at points where
the galvanizing coat is defective, due to chemical re-action
between the two metals, producing local electrical cur¬
rents at the exposed points. The rapid corrosion of steel is
due to the impurities it contains, and principally to manga¬
nese, which is found in small particles distributed through
the mass, which like the exposed iron through the galvaniz¬
ing coal sets up chemical reaction between the two metals,
resulting in the production of local electrical currents. The
work done by these currents is corrosion. What is true of
steel fence wire is equally true of steel pipe, roofing plates,
I beams and steel rails. In order to give longer life to steel
exposed to the elements the steel mills are specifying ore
containing less manganese and other impurities. The writer
has seen steel I beams supporting vault covers in damp situ¬
ations so much corroded after ten years of service that the
web of the beam could be broken through with the thrust
of a cane or walking stick. The question of stability of our
modern steel frame building being undermined by corrosion
has frequently been discussed in a general way without
throwing much light on the subject. In a number of in¬
stances structural steel frames have been examined and
found practically free from corrosion after fifteen years of
service. Yet the fact remains, that steel conveying im¬
purities, especially manganese, is not a long lived material,
unless thoroughly protected by paint, or better still, an en¬
velope of concrete.

- ♦ -

WORKERS DRAW $i,oco FOR FURNISHING
IDEAS TO TRENTON CORPORATION

Trenton, Jan. 25. — In accordance with a plan formu¬
lated a year ago, the Trenton Potteries Co., which is com¬
posed of the sanitary pottery manufactories in this city,
has distributed $1,000 in prizes among its employes for the
best suggestions for new pottery ware and improvements
on old designs.

The highest individual prize was $100. The idea is to
stimulate workmen to invent new forms of pottery.

CLHV RECORD.

OBITUARY

John Murray of the Paducah (Ky.) Brick & Tile Works,
died at his home on January 15th. He was formerly from
Moberly, Mo.

Spencer S. Kimbell, a Chicago pioneer, and head of the
S. S. Kimbell Brick Co., Chamber of Commerce Bldg.,
Chicago, died of Bright’s disease at his home, 1493 Kim¬
ball Ave. At one time he was the manager of the Chicago
Hydraulic Press Brick Co., but later was succeeded by his
brothers. He was born in Chicago sixty-four years ago in
the same block where he lived and died. He leaves a wife
and three daughters.

CUTTING DOWN TREES FOR FUEL TO BURN

BRICK

The Provo (Utah) Pressed Brick company has ’440,000
brick waiting to be burned, and as the company cannot get
coal it is cutting trees wherever they can be obtained and
will use wood. Manager Belmont was promised some coke
screenings by the Utah Fuel company some time ago and
intended to give that kind of fuel a trial to see if it would
serve his purpose, but he has not received any yet. The
company is building a shed for storing brick before they are
burned to hold 200,000, so that wet weather will not inter¬
fere with operations, and if fuel can be obtained work will
be prosecuted all winter.

C. N. ADAMS CHOSEN PRESIDENT OF LOUIS¬
IANA BRICK MAKERS’ ASSOCIATION

At the first annual meeting of the Brickmakers’ Associa¬
tion of Louisiana and Mississippi, held on January 16, in
the St. Charles Hotel. New Orleans, action was taken
towards securing the National convention of the brick-
makers in 1908 for New Orleans. A committee was ap¬
pointed, consisting of seven manufacturers, who are to go
to the convention, which meets in February at St. Louis,
and a resolution was drafted requesting the national body
to meet in the Crescent City. This was the most impor¬
tant action taken by the association, the other business be¬
ing of a routine nature. C. N. Adams of Alexandria was
chosen president; G. W. Gadron of Belle Helene, first vice
president ; G. A. Kent of Fluker, second vice president, and
Frank Bethune, secretary and treasurer. F. Salmen, presi¬
dent of the Salmen Brick and Lumber Company, of New
Orleans and Slidel, presided at the meeting, being retiring
president of the association. Frank Bethune was secretary.
Mr. Adams, who was chosen president, was the first vice
president under the former organization.

There was some discussion on the part of the individual
members upon the car shortage question, but no definite
action was taken.

At its close the members were given a banquet at the St.
Charles Hotel.

There were 108 brick plants in operation in the state of
Louisiana during the year 1906. The total number of brick
manufactured during the year was 161,000,000. The total
value of plants in operation $2,980,000. Mr. Adams should
justly feel proud of the honor conferred upon him in the
election to the position of president of the Brickmakers’ As¬
sociation. He is a man of intelligence and knows the busi¬
ness from start to finish.

FIRES, ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES, AND LOSSES

The plant of the B. K. Enamel Brick Co. at Leavittsburg,
Ohio, was bought in by Barnesville, Ohio, creditors, for
$14,000.

The brick plant of Henry Maurer & Sons Co., Perth
Amboy, N. J., was damaged badly by fire. The drying
department of the plant is in ruins.

An explosion at the Carlyle Paving Brick Co’s, plant at
Sciotoville, Ohio, destroyed one of their large kilns by
water coming in contact with the hot kiln.

The Uniform Brick & Clay Co., Hudson, N. Y., sched¬
ules in bankruptcy liabilities of $65,000 and assets $100,-
000. $59,000 of the creditors’ accounts are secured.

The Chicago Hydraulic Press Brick Co., whose works at
Porter, Ind., were destroyed by fire and who sued the Ry.
for $78,000, effected a compromise and accepted $20,000
as a settlement.

Jennie Mussleman has been given a verdict of $5,000
damages for the loss of her husband’s life at the plant of
the Nelson Brick Co., at Mound Valley, Kansas. He was
killed by the falling of a kiln.

Orville Winters, a fourteen-year-old boy, has sued the
Summit Sewer Pipe Co., Akron, O., for $5,000 damages
for alleged injuries which he claimed he sustained by hav¬
ing his hand crushed in a clay hopper.

The Veedersburg (Ind.) Clay Co’s, plant which was
put into the receiver’s hands was sold to C. A. Richard,
Frank W. Wood and Fred B. Adams for $18,500. It is
said the purchase was made for the Adams Brick Co., of
Indianapolis, and that the company will be called the Veed¬
ersburg Clay Mfg. Co.

George T. Butler, president of the Ft. Wayne (Ind.)
Pressed Brick Co., has been charged by Richard A. How¬
ard, of Peru, Ind., with obtaining money by fraud. He
sold Mr. Howard and others stock in a Portland Cement
Co., that did not pan out as was expected to. He claims
to have lost $7,500 in the deal himself.

PHILLIPS & McLaren INCORPORATE

The co-partnership heretofore existing under the name
of Phillips & McLaren, was dissolved January 1, 1907,
and they have organized a corporation under the laws of
Pennsylvania under the name l Phillips & McLaren Com¬
pany for carrying on the same business on by said partner¬
ship, of which corporation John McLaren is president and
William J. Phillips is secretary and treasurer.

With the assurance that the corporation will maintain
the same standard of excellence and the same fidelity to the
interests of patrons, they respecfully solicit a continuance
of your custom.

A NEW POTTERY FOR MACOMB

Plans are materializing whereby the Buckeye Pottery Co.,
W. J. Pech & Son-, proprietors, of Macomb, Ill., will build
a $100,000 stoneware plant. The probabilities are that this
plant will be located in Kansas, although several good
propositions are to be investigated. This concern was es¬
tablished in 1882 with a capacity of 250,000 gallons per
annum, and at the present time they are making 1,800,000
gallons per annum, and have been compelled to buy from
Ohio concerns to fill theF orders.

RECORD

THE AMERICAN HOLDS A CONVENTION OF

ITS OWN

The “men who make Bucyrus famous” by spreading the
gospel of truth throughout the world concerning the merits
of the machinery manufactured by The American Clay
Machinery company of Bucyrus and Willoughby, have
been renewing acquaintances and outlining plans for the
future with meetings at the offices of the company Thurs¬
day and today. All the traveling salesmen of the com¬
pany and representatives of the Willoughby office were
in attendance and the time had been devoted to strength¬
ening the ties of both a social and business nature.

Bucyrus people who do not fully appreciate the magni¬
tude of the company’s business would be impressed with the
small army of salesmen who are devoted exclusively to
the sale of the machinery of the American company. They
are a fine body of men and promote the fame of the city
of Bucyrus by their missionary work in all parts of the
country from New Foundland to Texas and from New
York to San Francisco.

Those in attendance were as follows : R. C. Penfield,
New York; L. W. Penfield, Willoughby; Preston Penfield,
New York; J. A. Ridgway, New York; W. W. Whiting,
Pittsburg; J. D. Whitaker, Raleigh, N. C. ; M. Tippery,
Philadelphia, Pa.; G. C. Stoll, Chicago; FI. L. Harmon,
Ft. Worth, Texas; T. L. Myers, Los Angeles, Cal.; E. J.
Rutland, Chilhowie, Va. ; S. J. Heafield, Columbus, Ohio;
E. J. Shaw, Seattle. Wash. ; E. G. Castenhuber, Schenec¬
tady, N. Y. ; W. J. Carmichael, Willoughby, Ohio.

A feature of the gathering was a fine dinner, served by
Mr. Penfield at the home of F. L. Hopley, advertising man¬
ager of the company. Covers were laid for thirty includ¬
ing the salesmen and heads of departments in the offices
of the company. The dinner was an unusually pleasant
affair after which R. C. Penfield as toastmaster called for
remarks from each of those present. The balance of the
evening was devoted to social enjoyments.

The menu was as follows, furnished by Elberson and
served by the King’s Daughters :

Chanute, Kan. ; H. B. Wiley, Chanute, Kan. ; A. R. Batley,

Blue Points on Half Shell

Bouillon Celery

. Roast Turkey and Roast Duck and Jelly
Brown Sweets

Asparagus Tips and Toast

Mashed Potatoes Lettuce and Eggs

Lemon Ice

Fruit Ice Cream Assorted Cakes

Nuts

Cigars Coffee Creme de Menthe

A pleasant feature of the meeting of the salesmen of the
American Clay Machinery company in this city took place
at the offices of the company when the salesmen, as a
token of esteem, presented C. B. Sharer, head of the sales
department, with a most elegant assortment of cut glass.

A happy presentation speech was made in behalf of the
salesmen by G. C. Stoll, of Wheaton, Ill., to which Mr.
Sharer feelingly and appreciatingly responded.

Mi. Cunningham who celebrated his fifty-third birthday
Friday, was next called upon the carpet and presented
with a sparkling and elegant lot of cut glass. So lavish
was the display that seemingly some Bucyrus store will
ha\ e to 1 eplenish its stock at once. R. C. Penfield made the
presentation speech in a very pleasant manner to which Mr
Cunningham humorously and feelinglv responded. — Bucy
rus Evening Telegraph.

A BRICK COMPANY APPEALS TO THE INTER¬
STATE COMMERCE COMMISSION
AND WINS

The Interstate Commerce Commission has just promul¬
gated its first decision since the new rate law went into ef¬
fect. in which use is made of its rate-making power. The
decision brings out in an interesting manner some typical
features of the rate-making methods which must be em¬
ployed by all railroads.

The gist of the decision is that a rate of $2.75 per ton,
is a fair figure for carrying brick from Frederick, Md., to
Elberon, N. J. Prior to December last the regular rate
for such shipment was the sixth class rate of $3.80 per ton.
The sixth class applies to all traffic of rough character,
such as stone, cement, lime, lumber, fireproofing, etc. This
rate has been applied to such shipments from Frederick
ever since the “Official Classification” was established.

The 'Frederick Brick Company, however, desiring to
make certain shipments over the Pennsylvania Railroad,
asked for a special commodity rate.

The basis of charges from points west of the Northern
Central to points on the New York and Long Branch road
has been the regular rate to Jersey City plus $1. It was
found the principal competitive brick shipping point with
Frederick enjoyed a rate of $2.10; therefore, it was
deemed fair to quote subject to acceptance in time for
publication upon statutory notice, a rate of $3.10 from
Frederick to Elberon, N. J.

Nevertheless, this charge was not accepted by the brick
company. A shipment was, however, made and the com¬
pany then charged it at the old rate of $3.80. The brick
company, however, complained to the Interstate Commerce
Commission and asked that the rate of $1.85 be established
as a fair rate for such shipments.

Meanwhile, in its regular process of developing traffic,
the Pennsylvania Railroad had again taken up the matter,
and had figured that as Frederick has a rate to Jersey
City of $1.75, the company could make the rate to Elberon
$1 above the Jersey City rate, or $2.75, without seriously
disturbing other rates. The railroad company thereupon
published a rate of $2.75 per ton for this traffic and has
been charging that amount ever since.

The complaint of the brick company came before the
Interstate Commerce Commission, and the Pennsylvania
Railroad stated that it would be perfectly willing to refund
to the Frederick Brick Company the difference involved
between $3.80 and $2.75, provided the complainant could
secure approval of the Commission. The Interstate Com¬
merce Commission, after a full hearing, indorsed the rate
which the railroad company had made in the regular
course of business, and ruled that the rate of $1.85 would
be an unreasonably low one.

Tt is an interesting feature of this controversy that one
of the first of such cases to be considered hinges upon mat¬
ter of competition between two localities manufacturing
the same product, and upon the fairness of the railroad’s
treatment of the two places, rather than upon the actual
cost to the railroad of the service rendered.

It was testified before the Interstate Commerce Commis¬
sion that if the rate of $1.85 asked for should be granted it
would upset the basis for rates from all brick territory
in Central Pennsylvania, as far west as the Pittsburg dis-
tiict certainly, and probably also even west of that point.

After full hearing before the Interstate Commerce Com¬
mission, decision was rendered that shipments moved un-
dei the $3.80 rate prior to the issuance and filing of the
$2.75 rate, should be corrected to that basis and refund
made to the Frederick Brick Company.

CLKY RECORD.

DECLARES AN EXTRA DIVIDEND

As a result of an unexpectedly large business in its prod¬
ucts during the last three months, the directors of the Na¬
tional Fire Proofing company, Pittsburg, Pa., declared, in
addition to the regular quarterly dividend of i per cent on
the preferred stock, an extra dividend of i per cent, payable
Jan. 15 to holders of record on Dec. 31.

At the previous dividend meeting, three months ago, the
directors authorized the resumption of dividends on the pre¬
ferred stock by declaring a quarterly dividend of 1 per cent.
The dividends on the preferred stock are not cumulative,
and, from the latest action of the directors, it is assumed
that they will continue to declare 1 per cent quarterly and
an extra dividend from time to time until the amount paid
every year reaches 7 per cent, to which the preferred stock
is entitled, before any dividend is declared on the common
stock.

The National Fire Proofing Co. has outstanding capita1
stoCk amounting to $7,951,450 of preferred and $4,484,500
of common. Regular quarterly dividends of ij4 Per cent,
were paid on the preferred from April, 1900, until July 25,
1905, when preferred dividends were suspended and were
not resumed until three months ago. In 1902 a dividend
of 2 per cent, was paid on the common stock, and in 1903
three quarterly dividends of 1 J/2 per cent each, were de¬
clared, but none has been paid since.

. -

A NEW PORCELAIN FACE BRICK

A charter was granted in Trenton, N. J., for the incor¬
poration of the United Porcelain Faced Brick Co. of New¬
ark, N. J. The capital stock is $500,000 and the incorpor¬
ators are John L. Meeker, William P. Meeker, Thos. Fish
and Edward S. Rankin, all of Newark, N. J., and J. Tay¬
lor Roth of Allentown, Pa.

The porcelain brick, which this company is manufactur¬
ing, is the invention of William P. Meeker of Newark,
and is unsurpassed by any article in the same line for
building purposes in the market. The porcelain face,
which can be manufactured in any color or shape, is made
by a glass company and is a superior article where the
laws of sanitation must be strictly adhered to.

Ihe bricks can be manufactured at any brick yard where
there is what is termed an auger machine, and the face is
cemented on with the best Portland cement.

Orders for the brick have been placed with large con¬
cerns interested in subway work, breweries, also swim¬
ming pools, railroad stations and municipal buildings.

J. Taylor Roth, one of the incorporators of the concern,
has secured $10,000 worth of stock.

WESTERN BRICK COMPANY BUILDS BRIDGE
OVER THE VERMILION RIVER

The Western Brick Company, Danville, Ill., is complet¬
ing a big steel railroad bridge across the Vermilion River
south of its plant.

Work on the structure began during the summer and the
bridge will be ready for use about January 15. It is 180
feet long. Recently the company purchased 200 acres of
coal land south of the river and will open a new mine. It
is for hauling the coal to the brick plant that the bridge is
built.

PURINGTON CO. ANNUAL MEETING

The annual meeting of the Purington Brick Co. was held
Jan. 24th, the following directors being chosen:

D. V. Purington, W. S. Purington, Geo. C. Prussing, C.
D. B. Howell, W. E. Phillips. F. G. Matteson and C. H.
Chamberlain.

The following officers were then chosen by the directors :

President — D. V. Purington.

Vice-President and General Manager — W. S. Purington.

Secretary — W. H. Terwilliger.

Treasurer — C. H. Chamberlain.

The reports showed that 74,610,000 brick were made
at the plant during the past year and that 78,262,000 brick
were shipped from the local yards. 14,238 cars were used
by the company during the year. The showing is an un¬
usual one and gives a fair idea of the enormous amount

of business carried on by the concern.

- -

CENTRAL NEW ENGLAND BRICK EXCHANGE

The annual meeting of the Central New England Brick
Exchange was held Jan. 15th. The following board of
directors was re-elected: R. Clifford Merwin, New Brit¬
ain; Horace D. Payne, New Britain; G. N. Dickerson,
Hartford; George H. Todd, Hartford; G. A. Pickett,
New Haven; R. O. Clark, East Berlin; Richard Murray,
Berlin; John W. Holmes, New Britain; Joseph Powers,
New Britain; Judge James Roche. New Britain; and Wil¬
liam P. Felt, New Britain. The directors subsequently
met and elected the following officers : President,
George H. Todd, Hartford; vice-president, G. A. Pickett,
New Haven; secretary, Horace D. Payne, New Britain;
treasurer and general manager, Virgil M. Palmer, New
Britain. The only change in the officers is that Mr. Payne
succeeds Representative R. Clifford Merwin as secretary.
Mr. Merwin asked to be relieved, as he is too busy to at¬
tend to the work.

CHRISTY FIRE CLAY ELECTION

The annual election of the Christy Fire Clay company of
St. Louis, Mo., resulted in the choice of Calvin M. Christy,
president; Wm. C. Morris, vice president and general man¬
ager ; Richard D. Hatton, secretary and treasurer ; Robert
H. Miller, sales agent and engineer ; Chas. T. Farrar, mem¬
ber of the board of directors. Appointed: J. A. Schoedel,
general superintendent ; Vincent L. Lamy, assistant secre¬
tary ; Paul C. Guignon, assistant sales agent ; William I. Hor¬
ton, assistant general superintendent; Felix A. Guignon,

assistant general superintendent.

- ♦-*-•> -

POTTERS WILL USE COAL

East Liverpool, O., Jan. 15. — The Manufacturers’ Heat
and Light company has announced that the price of gas to
the manufacturing potters of the East Liverpool district
will be increased 30 per cent, as soon as the meters can be
attached to all of the kilns. The advance is resented bv
the manufacturers, who will arrange to put more than 300
kilns in this district on coal. The pottery manufacturers are
receiving offers daily to remove their plants into gas belts
and Pittsburg and Ohio coal operators are opening offices
here in the hope of getting the coal contracts.

CLAY RECORD,

SAND OR LIME BRICK AND BLOCK NEWS

The Denbigh Brick Co., of Denbigh, N. Dak., has ordered
an outfit of machinery for making brick out of sand lime.

The Chisholm, Boyd & White Co., of Chicago, has just
closed a contract for a complete sand lime brick making
plant to be shipped to the west.

The Rochester Sand Stone Brick Co., Detroit, Mich.,
has been incorporated with $100,000 capital stock. The
plant will be at Rochester, Mich.

The Somers Brick Co., Atlantic City, N. J., have just
closed a contract for 2,000,000 sand-lime brick to be used
by different New Jersey parties.

The Alleghany Facing Brick & Concrete Co. has begun
the work of constructing their plant at Wellsville, N. Y.
The directors are Felix Schuable, Elmer Parker, G. W.
Rice and W. L. Calhoun.

The McCracken-Green Concrete Co., Greenville, Ky.,
has been formed to take over the Portland Stone & Paving
Co’s, plant. J. F. Green is secretary and treasurer, and R.
C. McCracken is manager.

The Wilmington Granite Brick Co., of Wilmington, N.
C., has been granted a charter with $100,000 capital stock,
$25,000 subscribed. The incorporators are Geo. W. Kid¬
der, F. H. Smith and T. H. Wright.

The Long Island Cement Block & Brick Co., of Port
Washington, Nassau Co., N. Y., has been incorporated.
The directors are Robert J. Culhane, Walter K. Welch and
William A. Cooper of New York city.

At the annual election of the Paragon Plaster Co., Syra¬
cuse, N. Y., Jacob Amos was elected president; A. E.
Nettleton, vice-president; William K. Squires, treasurer
and manager, and W. F. O’Conner, secretary.

The Federal Granite Brick Co. held their annual meet¬
ing at Scranton, Pa. and elected the following officers : J.
L. Warnke, president; John L. Schroeder, vice-president;
R. N. LaBar, Secretary and manager, and Samuel J.
Marsh, treasurer.

The Moscow’ (Pa.) Sand & Gravel Co. is the latest sand
brick company to be incorporated. The officers are Philip
Rinsland, president; Carl Lorenz, vice-president; Eugene
Sell imp ff, secretary and treasurer. The t contract for the
necessary buildings has been let.

Brooklyn is using 6,100 tons of Storial brick for the pav-
mg of its sti eets. these brick were brought by the steam¬
ship Monadnock from Middlebrough, England. They are
made ol slag and are supposed to be more serviceable for
paving than the American paving brick.

The Silica Block & Brick Mfg. Co., Brooklyn, N. Y., has
been incorporated to manufacture silica block and artificial
brick ; capital stock, $25,000. Incorporators are Hugh
Moore, 731 Carroll street, and Harold Somers, 149 DeKalb
avenue, Brooklyn, N. \ ., and Prank Lyons of Plainfield,
N. J.

At the annual meeting of the Genesee at Genesee, Pa.,
and Canisteo, N. Y., and at the latter meeting elected the
following officers: Benton McConnell, president; Theo¬
dore Cobb, vice-president ; G. M. Beasor, secretary, and
Chui chill Cobb, treasurer. Additional machinery will be
installed in the plant and the capacity doubled.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

The Ennis-Crisp (Texas) Brick Co., has been incorpor¬
ated with $25,000 capital stock.

The Cary Brick Co., Mechanicsville, N. Y., will increase
its capital stock from $150,000 to $200,000.

The Plydraulic Press Brick Co., has been incorporated in
New Jersey with $3,000,000 capital stock.

The Lenten Brick Co., Twenty-fifth and Passyunk avenue,
Philadelphia, Pa., will spend $2,000 on improving its brick
driers.

The Howard Brick Co., Claremont, I. T., has been incor¬
porated with $50,000 capital stock. A plant is being in¬
stalled to make 50,000 brick daily.

H. L. Finklea, superintendent and manager of the Bes¬
semer (Ala.) Fire Brick Co., has resigned and gone into the
contracting business. J. H. Flautt succeeds him.

The Mitchell Brick Co., Delhi, O., has been incorporated
with $45,000 capital stock, by S. Mitchell, William Mitchell,
P'lorence B. Mitchell, Louisa Mitchell and W. B. Stier.

The Imperial Coal Co., Beersville, N. B., are planning
to establish a brickmaking plant with 20,000 daily capacity.
Henry O’Neil of New York is president of the company.

The Memphis (Tenn.) Brick Supply Co., has been in¬
corporated with $40,000 capital stock, by G. W. McRae,
O. H. Piper, R. A. Speed, Frank H. Reid and J. J. Bishop.

The Southern Clay Co., Guthrie, Ky., has been incorpor¬
ated with $100,000 capital stock by James M. Robinson and

G. Howard Robinson of Guthrie and Hywel Davis of Louis¬
ville.

L. E. Armstrong and associates will build a large sewer
pipe factory at Ft. Dodge, Iowa. The city council has
granted them an extension of the water mains and free
water.

The St. Louis-Greenville Pressed Brick Co., East St.
Louis, Ills., has been incorporated with $30,000 capital stock.
Incorporators : Fred W. Kraft, W. E. Hadley and W. E.
Wheeler.

The Dover Brick Co., Dover Plains, Dutchess county, N.
Y., has been incorporated with $200,000 capital stock. Di¬
rectors: W. S. Ketcham of Dover Plains, Carl Wisner and

H. B. King of Chicago, Ills.

The Sunbury (Pa.) Brick Co., has been organized with
$100,000 capital stock. Hon. C. R. Savidge is president.
Hon. Ellis Orvis of Bellefonte is vice-president, and A. W.
Duy of Bloomsbury, is secretary.

The Kirkville Clay Products Co., Syracuse, N. Y., has
been incorporated to manufacture brick and building ma¬
terial. Incorporators: Isidore Putziger of Solvay, Herbert
B. Mynon and William Ryan of Syracuse.

The Grundy Center (la.) Brick & Tile Co., will incor¬
porate with $35,000 capital stock. H. C. Ady and Henry
Frerichs are the owners of the plant which was started three
years ago ; $5,000 will be expended in improvements.

The South Webster (O.) Brick Co. will increase its cap¬
ital stock from $50,000 to $100,000, and with the increased
capital will put in additional kilns and facilities to double
its capacity. W. E. M. Ranchous is president, Harry M.
Strong, secretary and treasurer, and A. C. Harvey, manager.

CLHY RECORD,

The Gleason (Tenn.) Brick Co. has been incorporated
with $2,000 capital stock. Incorporators are J. Z. Alexan¬
der, W. B. Edmonson, R. W. Bandy, G. W. Bennett and
R. H. Smith.

The Boone (la.) Brick, Tile & Paving Co., at its annual
meeting re-elected its old officers. The manager, B. M.
Huntley, stated that they had shipped over 700 cars of clay
goods during 1906.

W. Lyle Dickey has bought a block of the stock of the
Tulsa (I. T.) Brick Co., and will act as its secretary.

H. E. Francisco will go into the brick and tile business
in the near future. He has options on a large tract of land
near Fertile, Iowa.

The Forest City Brick Co., Cleveland, Ohio, has in¬
creased its capital stock from $30,000 to $50,000 and will
use the money to make improvements.

The Blackwell (Okla.) Brick & Tile Co. has been in¬
corporated with $50,000 capital stock. Incorporators are
Z. A. Harris, C. C. Frampton and G. P. Austin.

The new brick and tile works which is to be built at Weir
City, Kansas, will be located near the Robinson coal shaft.
A company of local capital will erect the plant.

The Arvada (Colo.) Brick Co. has been incorporated with
$80,000 capital stock with principal offices in Denver. In¬
corporators : Oscar D. Cass, J. D. Maitland and others.

The New Lexington (Ohio) Press Brick Co. recently
elected the following officers: B. F. Rodgers, president;
J. W. McDonald, vice-president, and C. H. Bell, secretary
and treasurer. Several new kilns will be erected so as to
keep up with the demand.

The Fond clu Lac (Wis.) Pressed Brick Co. is planning
to double their output this year.

The Humbolt (Tenn.) Brick & Tile Co. has been in¬
corporated with $15,000 stock to operate the plant that is
already there.

The National Roofing Tile Co., Lima, Ohio, have au¬
thorized the doubling of the capacity of their plant. The
plant will be enlarged in many ways.

Work on the $105,000 plant of the Norfolk (Va.) Brick
Co. was started about the 10th of this month by Contractor
J. H. Pierce, and the plant will be built as rapidly as pos¬
sible.

The Millsdale Pressed Brick Co. are putting their plant
in readiness to operate. The plant is near Joliet, Ill., and
the office of the company is in the Hartford Building at
Chicago.

The Aberdeen (S. Dak.) Brick Co. at their annual meet¬
ing re-elected the old officers and decided to add a dryer
equipment to the plant, which will permit of their making
brick earlier.

The Stuyvesant Brick Co., Mechanicsville, N. Y., re¬
cently elected the following officers: C. R. Sheffer, presi¬
dent and treasurer; B. B. Smith, vice-president, and L. E.
Sheffer, secretary.

A. N. Allen, local director of the Chanute (Kansas) Ce¬
ment & Clay Products Co., states that their plant will be
built immediately; that the plant will be located one mile
west of the city. J. F. Townsend of Akron, Ohio, is the
principal owner in the enterprise.

Buffalo

The first WASTE HEAT DRYER bore the name
“ Buffalo.” Economy is the watchword and in the third of
a century since we began solving drying problems, there has
been steady enginring progreeess.

“ BUFFALO ” WASTE HEAT FANS take the Waste
Heat from the kilns and deliver it to the drying chambers,
which can be automatically kept at any temperature and hu¬
midity. “Buffalo” Fans have water-cooled bearings when
necessary.

APPLICABLE TO BRICK, TILE AND TERRA

COTTA PLANTS.

Waste Neal Dryer.

■‘Buffalo” waste Heat Fan Direct Connected Eogine Qur thirty years of success is due to a constant study of clays.

Bottom Horizontal Discharge.

Write, stating requirements, and ask for catalog.

BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY, BUFFALO, N. Y., U. S. A.

CANADIAN BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY, MONTREAL, CANADA.

It is rumored that a large brick works is to be built at
Powderly, twelve miles north of Paris, Texas.

The Weir City (Kansas) Brick Co. has been incorpor¬
ated with $50,000 capital stock. The plant will be located
one-half mile from town.

The Carlisle (Pa.) Brick Co., of which Thos. McDon¬
ald is the able secretary and manager, will add new ma¬
chinery and an improved dryer to its plant.

The Central Brick & Tile Co., Ivalo, Iowa, has been in¬
corporated with $10,000 capital stock. Westley Bennett is
president and F. W. Wonders, secretary.

The Industrial Brick Co., Mount Vernon, Ind., are
spending from $15,000 to $20,000 in improving their plant.
New machinery, dryer and kilns are to be added.

The Table Rock (Neb.) Clay & Brick Co. has just
elected the following officers: C. R. Smith, president; Geo.
F. Cotton, secretary, and D. K. Miller, treasurer.

Ed. Barr, of Austin, Minn., has moved to Mason City,
la., where he will be the manager of the North Iowa
Brick & Tile Co., a $400,000 capitalized company.

The Big Horn Brick Co., Cody, Wyoming, has been or¬
ganized to make common brick ; later they will manufac¬
ture pressed brick. They wish some experienced opera¬
tors. E. E. Bumpus is president and Fred C. Barnett, sec¬
retary and treasurer.

The Waco (Texas) Brick Co. has been incorporated
with $50,000 capital stock. Land has been bought near
South Bosque and dry press brick machinery purchased.
The incorporators are Judge George Clark, D. C. Bolinger,
O. H. Cross and N. B. Williams.

MOW TO SELL
BUILDING
MATERIAL

That’s why most
manufacturers of Ideal
Concrete Building
Blocks are working on
advance of orders.

iL Xa

She Ideal Concrete "Block Ma°
chinery makes blocks at a cost
that permits the underselling of
all other building material.

Adaptable as to size of block
nd countless designs of face
nd natural stone effect.

Wonderfully simple. No
chains, springs or gears.

Catalogue and fortune mak¬
ing facts on application.

Concrete Machines

Ideal Concrete Mc’h’y Co.

Dept. W.

South Bend = = Ind.

“Mussens Limited, Montreal,

Ag ents for Canada”

The Russell Brick & Tile Co. has been incorporated with
$100,000 capital stock. Head office at Russell, Ontario.

W. C. Allen has purchased and will operate the Stand¬
ard Brick Co. works at Oakwood, S. C. Office at Au¬
gusta, Ga.

George S. Good of Lock Haven, Pa., and other capital¬
ists, are interested in putting in a large fire brick plant at
Lumber City, Pa.

The Dardanelle (Ark.) Brick Mfg. Co. have their ma¬
chine on the ground and sheds in readiness to make 20.000
pressed brick daily.

Herman Bros., of Tell City, Ind., have ordered plans
for the construction and equipment of an extensive clay
working plant for Cannelton, Ind.

The Terpening Brick & Tile Co., Prairie Grove, Ark.,
are making extensive improvements preparatory to doing
the largest year's work in the history of the plant.

|. Murray Africa has purchased over 1,000 acres of
land at Selinsgrove, Pa., for some purpose unknown to
the public, and is negotiating for the manufacture of 27,-
000,000 brick.

The N. E. Foundation Co., Portland, Maine, has been
incorporated with $200,000 capital stock. President, J. E.
Manter; C. E. Eaton, treasurer; M. F. Baldwin, secretary;
all of Portland.

The Dovenshire Brick & Ceramic Co., Columbus, Ohio,
has been incorporated with $10,000 capital stock. Incor¬
porators are H. C. Taylor, C. C. Williams, S. G. Osborn,
C. J. Pretzman, and Simeon Nash. They will take over
the Roseville (Ohio) Brick & Terra Cotta Co.’s plant.
Will Shoemacher is the superintendent.

FOR SALE

One Hercules Steam Brick Machine, one 40 horse
power gasoline engine. One semi-automatic side cut
brick cutter, made by Wallace Manufacturing Co.,
One Kells brick machine, lot of wheelbarrows and
trucks. All in good condition. Addresss

\V. H. VANDER HAYDEN.

Ionia, Mich.

BRICK AND TILE MACHINERY AT SACRIFICE

Where a country is tiled, factories are offered
■complete, or in part, Cheap Have seven Brewer
Mills for sale, one No. 6 for $85.01, some larger sizes,
little used. Engines, Boilers, Crushers, Drying Pipes
■etc. If you wish to buy or sell write Can secure
experienced help. Brick and Tile Machinery

Decor, Ill.

FOR SALE.

An up-to-date brick plant. Capacity 35.000 brick
■Cheap fail and labor. Fine shipping facilities and
an abundance of pure loose clay. I.ocal demand
takes almost entire output at good price. Will bear
close investigation. Good reason for selling.

Address, WM. M. READ,

Princeton, Ind.

MACHINERY FOR SALE

One No. 2 Giant brick and tile, machine with dies
for tile from 3 to 8 inches and side cut brick die.
One Bunsing automatic tile cutter. One Bunsing
automatic block and end cut brick cutter.

$100 worth of repairs would put them all in first-
class condition. Will sell cheap. Reason for sell¬
ing, am using larger capacity. 1801 ^ Second Ave.

Rock Island, Illinois.

BRICK YARD FOR SALE.

Brick Yard for sale cheap. A bargain to the right
party. Good market at hand. For further informa¬
tion address

BRIOKMAKER,

Care Clay Record, Chicago, IU.

ROOFING TILE MAN WANTED.

WANTED — A young man experienced in the roof
ing tile business to act as Chicago city salesman
Apply giving experience and reference,

Roofing Tile, care CEAY RECORD,

Chicago.

FOR SALE

SECOND HAND

4 MOLD PRESS

in good order, one of the best presses on
the market. Answer quick if you want it.
Address, G. care CLAY RECORD,

Chicago, 111.

FOR SALE.

A well established brick yard near South Atlantic
port, 60,00-1 population. Chambers 2nd cut machine,
46.000 brick daily capacity. Successful drying sys¬
tem, track to clay hole. A bargain. Satisfactory
terms to good party. Address.

J. C. HAGEER,

Augusta, Ga.

SAND-LIME BRICK PLANT WANTED

WANTED — A sand and lime brick plant. Con¬
ditions good. Address, BOX 2,

Big Hun, Penn.

PLANT FOR SALE.

FOR SAEE — A first-class Brick and Tile Plant in
northern Minnesota, capacity 50,000 daily. Good
reason for selling.

Address, JOHN C. PETERSEN,

Pelican Rapids, Minn.

SUPERINTENDENT WANTED

An experienced pavingf brick-maker who will
take some stock in a paving buck company to be
formed at Cheboygan, to make 30000 to 50000 brick
a day. An abundance of the finest kind of shale,
easily handled and a very good market. Superin¬
tendent will have full charge, address.

A. M. GEROW, Cheboygan, Mich.

ENGINES AND BOILERS

Corlis engines. 20x48. 18x36, 16x42. 12x36. Also 40
other sizes and styles in stock

Boilers, Tubular, 48x18 78x16, 72x18. Also 60 other
styles and sizes in stock.

Send specifications of vour requirements and we
will make you a proposition that will interest you.

THE RANDEE MACHINERY CO.

1732 Powers St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

MANAGER WANTED

An experienced brick maker as superintendent
and manager of a new brick plant, located on the
Hudson River. River and rail shipments to New
York. We are equipped with three machines,
plenty of power, entire new equipment. Clay and
sand within 600 feet of the machines, conveyed over
trussel on cars to machines. Rarge sand batik from
which abundence of sand can be shipped. Will re¬
quire an investment from party wishing this posi¬
tion. Will give to right person absolute charge of
plant. Address

C. R. SHEFFER, Pres.

Mechanicsville, N. Y.

FOR SALE.

Bight and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at spec’al prices.

THE ATLAS CAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE -CHEAP— New and re-laying rails, 12,
16, 20 and 25 pound. For prices, address

ATLAS CAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE

One Mascot machine with brick and”tile dies.

Otie end brick cut-off, style E, made by American
Clay Machinery Co.

One hand side cut brick cut-off.

These at your own price. Reason for selling have
changed to a soft mud yard.

BLANCHARD BRICK & TILE CO.,

Blanchard, Iowa.

PALLETS FOR SALE.

FOR SALE CHEAP.

Monarch Brick Machine No. 166, capacity
35,000. One Brewer Clay Crusher, one Sander and
Dump 1 able, four Brick Barrows, three Brick Trucks.

Pallets. Shafting and Pulleys.
AH the above are in good condition. Will sell alfor
part to suit purchasers. Address

PFEFFER & SON.

_ _ Gettysburg, Pa.

Ho better ir.de, tut Pori
$3 and $10. lo

4 Wheel. $3 00

5 Wheel. $3.25
Guaranteed.

Sold by all dealers.

BATTLE CREEK. MICH

Paper Jogger* quoted.

R- A. HART 41 Whitest.,

FOR SALE

One Rotary Sand Dryer.

50 Brick Cars.

A. RICHARDSON, 1214 Filbert St.,

Philadelphia, Pa.

BRICK PLANT TO LEASE

Will lease my brick plant at Sutton to good party
for one-third profit or one-fifth of the out-put
Plenty of good clay. Good market.

S. HUNZIKER.

Sutton, Neb.

FOR SALE

Eighty Philadelphia Hand-Power Brick Presses
cost $125.00 each. In good order. Will sell for $25 00
each One large Ornamental Brick Press with four
moulds, and 2o dies, cost $150.00. All in good con¬
dition. Will sell for $100.00.

H. C. KAFER & CO
Trenton N. J,

■MR ■ ■•til Wf All I bill

A good, reliable man of experience, with some
capital to invest in and take charge of a new Dry
Press Brick Plant Plenty of shale, and good mar¬
ket for all the brick. Address

DENIS, care Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

HELP WANTED

WANTED— A man who has worked in the ship-
ping department of a clay pressed brick plant.
Steady work all the year. State experience and
salary expected.

INDIANAPOLIS COMPOSITE BRICK CO.

Indianopolis, Ind

FOR SALE— 8,000 New All Steel Foot Pallets
34x10 inches In good order. Can be had at a bar
gaiu. Address,

THE CLEVELAND CAR CO.

West Park, Ohio.

FOR SALE.

One Indiana road machine, belt; pulleys.

One 30 horse power Boiler, used one y^ear.

60 brick cars, damaged by fire, parts easily
straightened, very cheap.

4,000 feet, one inch steam pipe for dry kilns.

One Wellington brick machine, coft $800, will sell
for $400 and load on cars. A man having $2000 to
put in brick and tile business can make a good deal
by writing me. C. S. BEADLE,

Saulte Ste. Marie, Mich.

WANTED

Competent and experienced salesman to handle
brick making equipment. State experience and
reference.

SALESMAN, care Clay Record

Chicago, Ill,

FOR SALE OR RENT.

A brick plant, with 11 foot vein of shale, burns a
beautiful red or buff face brick and first-class pavers.
Will make terra cotta or dry pressed brick.

Address Box 12,

Bidwell, Ohio.

PRACTICAL MAN WANTED

Wanted a practical man that can make an invest¬
ment to superintend the installing of a plant and
act as superintendant thereafter, address,

Practical, care Clay Record,

Chicago, Itlinios.

BRICK and:tile factory for sale cheap

Good Sale for aH the brick and tile you can make.
Located in a county seat. Almost new machinery.
No. 10 Brewer Brick and Tile Machine Everything
in first-class repair. Reason for selling no experience.
Plenty of clay and shale handy. Call or address

W. W. BLY,

Rushville, Ills.

FOR SALE

Fine opportunity. Money making 30,000 capacity
soft mud brick yard in best building town in Indi¬
ana. Can't supply the demand. Owner has larger
interests. Easy terms. Write for details.

TERRE HAUTE PRESSED BRICK CO ,

Terre Hante, Indiana

WANTED

To buy or lease a brick plant having shale or fine
clay, raw material and down draught kilns. Address
E. care of CLAY RECORD
_ _ Chicago, Illinois.

FOR SALE

One 40 Horse-Power Boiler, nearly new.

Two 20 " “ Engines, good running order.

Revolving Screen, 30 inches by 10 feet. One heavy
Clay Crusher, Twenty-foot Conveyor, come see them
H. C. KAFER & CO.,

Trenton, N. J.

CONCRETE BLOCKS

ARE DURABLE, HANDSOME
AND INEXPENSIVE

Big Money Made by Manu¬
facturing Them

NO IDLE
DAYS

PETTYJOHN PORTABLE
BLOCK MACHINE

Is the Best, Fastest & Simplest
GUARANTEED

Sent on Trial Catalog Free

PETTYJOHN CO.

622 N. Sixth St.

TERRE HAUTE. . . IND.

FRANK TOOMEV

c=>

127 and 131 North Third Street.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Latest Improved Wonder of the Age

I now propose to give
all a chance
to try

The Swift System

by remodeling one
kiln or build one new
one. Write for par¬
ticulars to the

“KILN DOCTOR”

E. F. SWIFT

514 West Fourth St.
Dayton Ohio.

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902

S AQI IST^k W , ICH,

Improved Kotunick Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

A AA A AA JL A JW A A

A
<

Their Occurence, Properties and Uses

With special reference to those of the
United States, by Heinrich Ries Ph. D.

8 Vol. 490 pages, 65 figures, 44 plates

PRICE $5.00 NET

Clay Record Publishing Co.,

Chicago, Illinois.

►

V V V V

r v V V V v V ww

CLAY RECORD IS A SEMI-MONTHLY

NOW READY— A TREATISE ON |

PRODUCER-GAS and 5
GAS-PRODUCERS 5

BY AN ACKNOWLEDGED AUTHORITY. §

A 300-page book containing thirty chapters, giving the fundamental ?
principles and definitions, calculations, classifications, manufacture and =
use; the fuel, the requirements, the history, its by-products, Producer- 5
Gas for firing kilns, steam boilers, and power plants. The ft
future of the Gas-producer and a bibliography. *;

OVER 100 CHOICE ILLUSTRATIONS— PRICE, $4.00.

A subscription to the CLAY RECORD for one year without additional

charge to those that are not now subscribers. ^

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY 1

CHICAGO, ILL. S

A NEW CLAY FEEDER AND NU\ER

The Rust Clay Feeder has been brought out in response to a better
method for mixing and feeding clay in brick, tile and all clay working
plants. By the use of this feeder the services of two men are entirely dis¬
pensed with, the clay being dumped into hopper of machine from car is
automatically fed into the disintegrator. The spirals draw their supply
evenly from all parts of the hopper, mixing the day perfectly, which
tends both to improve and increase the output of the plant.

Send for full descriptive circular.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Go.

Marion, Ind.

CLKY RECORD.

AAAA&AAAAAA

New In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Peonix Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
st rong in construction and
operation, having many
points of advantage ihai
appeal to practical bri k
makers. Patented April 14 ,
1903 and September 8. 190S ,
Brick plants installed ani 1
putln operation Writefo1
booklet. Ourrespondenc i
solicited .

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water Si.. Norfolk. Va.

>
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4

A A A A. A A A A

▼TTT VTT V

♦

Absolutely safe and reliable. Ask your friends

A WOODEN TOWER

Is a source of annoyance and danger. It is
liable to rot and collapse at any time. A

CALDWELL STEEL TOWER

is safe, staunch and durable and will carry
four times the weight of the filled tank.
Expensive labor is not necessary to erect
these outfits, your own men can do it. We
furnigh all plans.

Send for illustrated catalogue and price list.

^ W. E. CALDWELL CO., * Louisville, Ky. 1

A A AAA AAA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

"THE CHILD'S”
EXTINGUISHER

is APPROVED and in¬
cluded in the list of ap¬
proved chemical extin¬
guishers issued by the Na¬
tional Board of Fire Un¬
derwriters, and is tested
and labled under the di¬
rection of the Underwrit¬
ers’ laboratories.

Salesmen Wanted.

Ujl

ini

0^767/

O. J. CHILDS COMPANY
Sole Manufacturers, UTICA, N. Y.

■

PERFECTION BRICK MOULDS *

These are the
kind of Brick
Mould s the Brick
Makers have al¬
ways wanted but
cou.'d not get till
now. Y ou can
get a mould that
the vents are
right all the time
No char, g e
whether the
Mould is r. at or
dry. Try a sam¬
ple order. Satis*
faction guaran¬
teed.

PATENTED JAN. 28, 1902.

THE ARHOLO-GREtGER CO.

NEW LONDON, OHIO.

a Manufacturers of Brick Machinery
m *nd Supplies of all Kinds.

t-2aBBBBBBBBnBBBBBBBB9BBBiiBBBBBB<wPBBBBBBHBBBB

Robert F. Wentz. M.W. S.E.

701 National Bank Building, Allentown, Pa.

DESIGNER AND BUILDER OF

Cement and Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Analysis,
Tests, Examinations, Reports, Preliminary Plans,
Estimates and Complete Drawings and Specifications
for Modern Cement and Sand Lime Brick Works.

We have designed, built and reconstructed twenty-two
Cement Plants in the past twenty years.

We design and equip complete Cement and Sand-Lime
Brick Plants with the most modern machinery.

THE HYDRO - MALAXATOR PROCESS for the
manufacture of Sand-Lime Brick.

>♦4

•Mlllll

How to Use Portland Cement.

From the German of L. Golinelli.

Translated by Spencer B. Newberry, E. M., Ph. D.

A booklet of 30 pages, 5%x6J£ inches.

PRICE, 50 CENTS.

22,000 copies sold in Germany.

Portland Cement Sidewalk Construction.

Compiled by P. B. Beery, and based upon the
experience of many successful contractors.

A booklet of 30 pages, 5}£x6J^ inches.

PRICE, 50 CENTS.

■

aattfmuHAasiiittBiki&fQUiiCfc. _ <aneaaH£iB&i

IBBBI

Brick Moulds and
Brick Barrows

With Moulds and Barrows it is not the first
cost, but it is, will they la«t? We have made
them for over 30 years and know your wants.

Ail kinds and shapes. A trial order will con¬
vince.

James B. Crowell & Son,

Wallkill, N. Y.

BBBBBBBBBBtlBBBHBBIl!BnRB9Ri8BBI

IBBB

H. DEAVITT,

PRACTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMIST,
Garden City Block,

CHICAGO.

Analyses of Clay, Sand, Lime, Cement Materials and
Shales a specialty.

Special attention given to the preparation of Clay Pro¬
ducts from the raw material.

A well equipped laboratory and long experience in this
branch of work enables us to give expert reports on obtaining
glazes on refractory materials.

All enquiries in regard to the above will receive prompt
attention.

♦

CLHY RECORD.

TO SOFT MOD BRICK MAKERS

We have in the AMERICAN PRESSED STEED PADDET the best pallet ever made. It has features
possessed by no other pallet, and is the strongest and longest-lived.

Det us send you a circular explaining why our pallet is what we claim for it. We’ll send a sample pallet
too, if you want it.

Steel pallets need no repairs. That would save a good many dollars in a year. Write us to-day and give
us a chance to prove what we say.

THE AMERICAN PULLEY CO., 29th and Bristol Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

MAKERS OF “ AMERICAN ” WROUGHT STEEL PULLEYS.

WHY YOUR OWN BRICK CUTTING WIRES

When You Can Buy Ready Hade Cheaper?

SEND POE, SAMPLES AND PRICES.

GEORGE S. COX, East Liverpool, Ohio.

MANGANESE

FOR. ALL USES.

|>UNp(iRAIN^()RouHD

60-70^ 70-Q0% BO-90°/o OXIDE.

Clay Workers ‘Goods a .Specialty

SAMPLES and prices on INQUIRY.:

KENDALL & FLICK 5

WASHINGTON, D.C.'

For Mortar, Brick, Cement, Blocks, Etc.

Highest
Award
St. Louis
Exposition
1904

The I Ricketson MineralColors

QUESTION SETTLED

RED

BROWN

BUFF

PURPLE

BLACK

FOR QUALITY AND STRENGTH WE LEAD

RICKETSON MINERAL PAINT WORKS, Milwaukee, Wis.

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventativo for soum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

aos NPWYOPI^p>o.box
Pearl Street E ▼▼ * VPKIY 1718

EXPERT SERVICE

WE HAVE

CHIEF BUHNERS

For Sewer Pipe, Tile, Building
Paving and Front Brick. Will
instruct your men how to obtain
the best results. Get your burn¬
ing to a system. Address

ANTON VOGT

Pomona, N. C.

G. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

NEW ERA

GAS and GASOLINE ENGINE
and GAS PRODUCERS

If you want a perfect built, and successfnl running Gas
Engine, order the New Era, which has our Patented Water
Jacketed Solid Cylinder Head, requiring no Packing. We use
a Strap Style Connecting Rod, which never breaks, Auxiliary
and Regular Exhaust, Make and Brake Electric Igniter. We
have more good points in the construction of the New Era than
any other Gas Engine built, which range from 1% to 150
Horse Power.

. -r. For Catalogue and further information, write to

THE NEW ERA GAS ENGINE CO ■ 9jf^DALl£ AVL

I Grinding Pans— Dry and Wet

Tell us the kind of material and capacity you
have and we will quote you accordingly.
We make CRUSHERS also.

PHILLIPS & McLaren - - Pittsburg, Pa.

B0RT0N & TIERNEY CO., Philadelphia, Pa.

vvv W^l

EASTERN SALES AGENTS

VV W V V

JEFFREY S BELTING

Conveys Material in Boxes, Bags, Barrels and in Bulk.
Catalogue No. 67 A on Conveyors Shows a Variety of Types.

Mailed Free

The Jeffrey Mfg. Company,

Columbus, Ohio, U. S. A.

Jieto Yor% Pittsburg "Boston St. Louis Bentltr

University of -(Illinois

Colleges and Schools of Literature and
Arts, Science, Engineering, Agriculture,
Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy,
Library Science and Education.

DEPARTMENT OF CLAY WORKING AND CERAMICS

ESTABLISHED IN 1905

Offers opportunities to students wishing technical
instruction which will help them to overcome the dif¬
ficulties confronting the manufacturer of clay products.

The work required from each student of clay *
working in the departments of Chemistry, Physics,
Geology; Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Municipal and
Sanitary Engineering; and Art, with their well organ¬
ized courses and thoroughly equipped laboratories
makes the conditions for effective training in ceramics
almost ideal.

Free scholarships are open to regular students from
Illinois. Laboratory expenses reasonable.

For further information address the Registrar,
W. L. Pillsbury, or the Director,

Professor C. W. ROLFE,

Urbana, Illinois.

46,

CLKY RECORD.

HANDLE YOUR CLAY
WITH ONE MAN AND

The Thew Steam Shovels

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 1 Shovel — Geo. H. Clippertt & Bro., Detroit, Mich.

Especially adapted for brickyard require¬
ments. The shovel operates in a complete
circle, enabling material to be delivered at side
or in rear at will. The Dipper is hung from a ,
horizontally moving carriage and can be adiust
ed to cut to any desired level.

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30, COO to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL GO.

LORAIN, OHIO

“Be sure you are right, then go ahead,**

G. E. Luce Engineering Co.

(G E. LUCE, Practical Mechanical Engineer)

Sixth Floor, Plymouth Bldg., 303 Dearborn St.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Designer and Constructor for all

Kinds of Clay=Working Plants

B uilding, paving and pressed brick, tile, hollow block and fire-proofing plants
plan and specifications prepared.

Designed and reconstructed several of the largest plants in this country.

Years of experience in this particular field, and formerly engineer in charge
of construction for the Illinois Brick Co. of Chicago.

Machinery, drying and burning troubles corrected.

Examination of properties, clays tested, and advise as to the possibilities of
success of either old or new plants.

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

A well-tried and
proven Success.

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,
Rigid . . ( Patented . )

Price Right,

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

Write Us

ALL STYLES

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

NILES, OHIO

CLHY RECORD.

HARDENING CYLINDERS

FOR SAND LIME-BRICK IN STOCK
FOR IMMEDIATE DELIVERY

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CQ., troy, n. y.

Subscribe for the Clay Record

IT IS THE ONLY GLAY JOURNAL PUBLISHED IN AMERICA

Twice Per Month

Only One Dollar

THE TURNER VAUGHN & TAYLOR CO.

1856 - - - - CUYAHOGA FALLS, OHIO, U. S. A ======1906

NINE FOOT COMBINATION MILL

COMBINATION MILLS

Twice the capacity of a wet pan and at
less horse power.

SAVE THE UNNECESSARY HANDLING

NO DRY PAN GRINDING. NO DUST
El EVATOR. NO EXPENSIVE STOR¬
AGE BINS. NO DUST SHUTES.

Take the short, high grade road

FROM INVESTMENT TO SUCCESS.

Purchase “Vaughn’s” modern machinery
and insure against loss or delay.

SEWER PIPE AND TILE PRESSES, NOZ¬
ZLE, SLEEVE AND RUNNER BRUK
MACHINES. DRY AND WET PANS,
PIPE, TILE, CONDUIT AND OTHER DIES.

THE PARENT OF RAPID GRINDING AND TEMPERING. REVOLVING
PAN AND RECIPROCATING WHEELS

ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON COMPLETE
EQUIPMENT.

CLAY RECORD,

Sand Lime Brick Machinery

FURNISHED BY

THE SEMISTEEL COMPANY

CLEVELAND - - - OHIO

Write for Further Information

- - - IN THE— -

CLMY

RECORD

IT PAYS HANDSOMELY

SAND-LIME BRICK MACHINERY

Furnished and Installed by the

International Sand=Lime Brick Machinery Co.

(Incorporated under the laws of the State of New York)

Under the Safest and Strongest Guarantees.

Inventors and Owners of the “Division Method” (patented in
the United States and all Foreign Countries)

Write for information to the

International Sand-Lime Brick & Machinery Co.

156 Liberty Street
NEW YORK

CLHY RECORD.

No. 64 Nine Foot Pan

New Design Nothing LiKe It

Note the Strength, Note the Convenience, Note the Capacity

IF YOU WANT QUALITY — A FULL VALUE FOR THE MONEY—

YOU HAVE IT HERE

Write for Complete Description. W e build every Machine and Appliance needed in Clay
Working Plants. Every Machine we build is a Standard of Quality, Distinctive
in Design, Quality and Operation. Let us figure with You.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY COMPANY - - - BUCYuR^AOHI°

■

OLAY fteCORD,

We build Complete Outfits for Sewer Pipe Plants. We have a
line of presses that cannot be surpassed in economy of operation, con¬
venience or capacity. All necessary appliances furnished. Send for
Complete Catalogue. We build ovory thing* needed by the
Clay Worker.

WE| jMAKE OUR OWN DRYERS AND CAN GUARANTEE THEM.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

Soft Mud Brick Machinery.

Stiff Mud Brick Machinery.

Dry Press Brick Machinery.
Sand-Lime Brick Machinery.
Pottery and Cement achinery.
Waste Heat, Steam, Hot Air and
Furnace Dryers.

SEWER PIPE MACHINERY

■i&J

BUCYHUS,

OHIO

CLHY RECORD.

DRY PRESS BRIGK

MACHINERY

Our Dry Press Machinery has a range in
style and capacity to exactly meet the needs of
each individual purchaser. Each machine is
built of excellent material on massive lines.
The construction is most careful and the fin¬
ished machine is capable of exerting a vast
amount of pressure.

All joints carefully fitted. All gearing heavy
and strong. Side frames massive. Adjustable
mold feed and pressure. Long dwelling pres¬
sure. Smoothe, dense, perfect brick.

We build Stiff, Soft Mud and Sand-Lime
Brick Machinery, all kinds of Dryers and their
equipment. We build all our own Dryers
and can guarantee them.

THE

American Clay Machinery Co.

BUCYRUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

■ li ' i ¥i ■ - ntmrrr ■■rriteTfc-iffiri

STIFF MUD BRICK MACHINERY

This is our No. 2 Giant. It is equipped with Steel “I” Beams, One-Piece Gear Frame, Heavy Reinforced Flanges, Hinged
Die Front, Special Iron in Anger and Knives, Steel Pinions, Shrouded Gearing with Covering, Steel Shafting, Independent and Re¬
movable, Set Nuts of Safety Type.

We build other machines, larger and smaller capacity, same
quality. We build everything needed to make clay products.
Also Dryers that we can guarantee. Write for catalog.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY. CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

CLHY RECORD

Your Choice of Cotters©
Your Choice of Movements

No. 62 HAND-POWER ROTARY BRICK CUTTER

In the No. 62 Cutter you are given the very best hand power Cutter on the market with
a choice between the Lever or the Hand wheel movement. Both have their advocates
but it is up to you to select. The No. 62 Cutter is built as carefully as the big auto¬
matics; the same excellent material, the same faultless workmanship and absolutely
perfect operation and cut. All the excellence in a modern, moderate priced, hand
power cutter. Send for a complete description. Remember it is limited only to the
ability of the operator and the capacity of the brick machine. Every brick a perfect
brick. Don’t forget we make everything required to manufacture every class and
kind of Clay Products including Sand- Lime brick.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO

BUCYRUS, OHIO

w E BUILD the most dependable line of
sand-lime brick machinery on the
market including every tool appliance
or machine required in a modern
sand-lime brick-plant. Our cata¬
logue of this line of machinery
is yours for the asking. It
tells of the quality of each
machine and quality of
machinery is the key¬
stone of success in
the manufacture
of sand-lime
brick.

..■r:

Clay

We also
build a full
line of machinery
and appliances for
making clay products
by all processes. Write
concerning your needs.

The American

Machinery

Company

WILLOUGHBY, OHIO, IJ. S. .A..

♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦ ♦ ♦ ♦♦♦ *. ♦ ♦♦ ♦ ♦♦ ♦ ♦ ♦♦♦

1 LOCATIONS

FOR POTTERIES, BRICK AND
TILE PLANTS

The very finest deposits of Kaolin, Fire and other Clays in
great abundance along the

LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE RAILROAD f

▼

In the States of KENTUCKY. TENNESSEE, ALA¬
BAMA, GEORGIA, MISSISSIPPI, and FLORIDA.
Cheap Fuel. Good Markets. Unexcelled Transporta¬
tion Facilities. For further particulars, address

Q. A. PARK,

General Immigration and Industrial Agent
LOUISVILLE, - KY.

♦

♦
♦
♦
*

X
X
X
X

A A A A A. a. A. A a- A. -A. A. -a- a a A. aaaaAAAA AAA—.

▼ ▼TV ^ ^ ^ " • • • v ^ ^ TW ▼

LOCATIONS FOR
NEW INDUSTRIES

can be secured on the lines of the

Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul Railway

in the great middle west. It reaches the Copper
Country and the pine and hardwood areas of North¬
ern Michigan, the lead, zinc and iron regions of Wis¬
consin, the coal fieldsof Illinois, Iowa and Missouri.

Traverses the great agricultural and manufac¬
turing states of Iowa, Minnesota, North and South
Dakota. Operates 7,000 miles of thoroughly
equipped railroad.

Correspondence is solicited with eastern manu¬
facturers who desire to move their factories to, or
establish branches in the West. Co-operation with
Business Men’s Associations on the lines of this
railway in all matters affecting mutual interests
is assured.

Inquires should be as definite as possible.

Address

Industrial Department:

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway

Room 1327, Railway Exchange
Chicago

SYSTEM

The “SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”

offers you the opportunity of
entering into the manufacture
of the coming building ma¬
terial

This brick is strong and
durable. It can be manufac¬
tured in less time and at a
tower cost than any other
brick on the market.

OUR SCIENTIFIC

SYSTEM

will enable you to manufac¬
ture SAND LIME BRICK of the
very highest quality in less'
than 24 HOURS.

The “SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”
is the only system which
ABSOLUTELY INSURES uniform
quality of product. Our Pre¬
paring machine “RELIANCE”
is practically AUTOMATIC in
its operation, mixing and
preparing the raw materials
with the utmost precision,
yet requiring the services of
but OhE COMMON LABORER to
operate it.

We are ENGINEERS and
CONTRACTORS to the SAND
LIME BRICK INDUSTRY and

will erect and equip your
plant with the machinery of

the SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM” and

start you on the road to suc¬
cess.

Write us tor particulars and we can
undoubtedly refer you to a plant
equipped by us and situated
in your vicinity

SEND FOR CATALOG No*. 18

mm.

mvrmmiu.Cib

'mm

CLHY RECORD

WASTE HEAT DRYER

Fans
Engines
Steam Coils

Furnished for waste Heat
Dryers, for forced Draft
and for heating Hot Floors.

Any furnace or steam dryer
may he rebuilt and the cost
of installment can be saved
the first season.

Plans and
Estimates

furnished free of charge

Write for our catalogue No.
56 S on Waste Heat Dryers-

Office: Chicago, 25th Place and Stewart Ave.
Works: Bucyrus, O.

NEW

BLOWER CO

BOOKS YOU NEED IN YOUR BUSINESS

The Repair and JTaintenance of Machinery

By Thomas W. Barber, C. E. A hand book of practical
notes and memoranda for engineers and machinery users,

166 pages — 417 lllnstrations— 8 vo., cloth . 83.50

How to Run Engines and Boilers

By Egbert Pomeroy Watson. A practical instruction for
young engineers and steam users. 125 pages— illustrated—

16 mo., cloth . 81.00

A Handbook of Engineering Laboratory Practice

By Richard Addison Smart, M. E. This book is a manual
for the use of students in experimental work, strength of
materials and hydraulics. It is also to guide engineers in
active service. 290 pages— 12 mo., cloth . $3.60

Calcareous Cements ,

By G. R. Redgrave, C E. Their nature properties, and use.

Tha composition and process or making Portland and other

cements, analysis and cost . $3.60

American Cements

Bo Uriah Cummings. A treatise on the nature and prop¬
erties of natural and artificial hydraulic cements. 299
pages— Illustrated — 16 mo., cloth . $3.00

Notes on Concrete and Works in Concrete

By John Newman. Asso. M. Inst. C. E. Especially written
to assist those engaged upon works. Contents; testing
Portland, fineness and weight of cement, time required for
setting, proportions, mixing, table of strengths, concrete
arches, cement and lime mortars. 138 pages— 12 mo., cloth $3.50
Portland Cement

By B. D. Butler. Asso. M. Inst. C. E. A complete treatise
on the manufacture, testing and use of Portland cement.
Contains 360 pages, 85 illustrations, 8 vo'., cloth bound, price $6.00

Architects’ and Engineers’ Hand Book of Reinforced
Concrete Construction

This book describes and explains thoroughly the various
forms of modern concrete construction. 172 Illustrations,

218 pages. Price . $3.00

The Blasting of Rock

In mines, quarries or tunnels. A. W. & Z. W. Daw. A com¬
plete book giving weight of blast, how, when and where to
make it. 270 pages— 8 vo., cloth ... . $6.00

Steam Boilers

By James Peattie. Their management and workings on
land and sea — very complete. 230 pages — 12 mo., cloth . $3.00

The Pottery aud Porcelain of the United States

Ay Edward Lee Barber, A. M., Ph. D. 200 illustrations

Octavo., gilt top . 33.50

The Story of the Potter

By Charles F. Binns. A popular account of the pottery and
porcelain industry. 250 pages— Illustrated— 16 mo . 76

Architectural Pottery

Translated from the French. Bricbs, tiles, pipes, enamelled
terra cotta, stoneware, mosaics, faiences, and architectural

stoneware. In two parts. 8 vo., 496 illustrations. Price . $7.50

Notes on Pottery Clay

The distribution, properties, uses and analysis of ball clays,
china clays, and china stone. Crown— 8 vo., 132 pages, price. $1.50
Chemistry of Pottery

By Simeon Shaw. The chemistry of the Several natural
and artificial heterogeneous compounds used in the manu¬
facturing of porcelain, glass and pottery. 750 pages, price .$5.00

Engineering, Practice and Theory

By W. H. Wakeman. 184 pages — 5x7J4 inches. Price . $1.00

Silico°Calcareous Sandstones (Sand Lime Brick)

By Ernst Stoffler. Treats on the formation of artificial brick
made from a mixture of lime and sand under the influence
of moisture. Raw materials, methods, manufacture.

Shows outline drawing of factories, elevations to detail.

Ground plans and Sectional Elevations, .price . $1.00

Brick, Tiles and Terra Cotta

A practical treatise on the making of hand made, soft mud,
stiff clay, dry press, paving brick, euameled brick, fire
brick, silica brick, terra cotta, drain tile, roofing tile, art
tile, with a description of modern machinery, 662 pages—

261 engravings— 8 vo., cloth . $10.00

Transactions of the American Ceramic Society

Containing the papers and discussions of the society. The
most complete information published. 5 vols. Price, each. *4.00

Manual of Ceramic Calculations

This book was compiled with great care and most com¬
plete. Price . $1.00

Will be sent postpaid on receipt of prlce°

SSSIIlbo CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY, 303 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO, U. S. A.

CLAY RECOftU

Illinois Brick Company

GEO. C. PRUSSING. President

AJ WECKLER, Vice-Presioent NINTH FLOOR, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE

C D. B. HOWELL, Treasurer PHONE MAIN 17

WM. SCHLAKE, Purchaser
\ C. B. VER NOOY, Auditor

W. M. LEGNARD, Superintendent
• H GRAY, Sales Department

Chicago. Jan. 4, 1907.

The Barron Dryer Co.,

•84 La Salle St., Chicago*

Gentlemen :

It may be of interest to you to know that we hav3 made on our
Yard 17, in 1906, 52,551,400 brick, in 2,083 1-2- working hours, and
have dried them satisfactorily on your 18 track dryer.

Very truly yours,

ILLINOIS BRICK COMPANY.

Barron Tender Clay Dryer, Which DOES THE WORK

We construct and install Dryers adapted to drying all clay
products With greatest perfection and economy in fuel and labor

BARRON DRYER CO., 84 LaSalle St., CHICAGO, ILL.

President .

A Letter Which

Interest Brick Makers

CLAY ftl=OOir*u,

MARTIN’S CRUSHERS

For Reducing Clay
are built of the
5 Best Materials

MACHINERY

CLAY

WORKING

BARROWS AND TRUCKS

LAGASTER, PENN A
U. S. A.

■WHl FURNISH EVERYTHING THE BRICK MAKER NEEDS.

^ <®tel<JO K|icb WOHjdai {tic^Cx! §

THE MARTIN RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK

“DRYER SYSTEM”

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699509
October 10, 1905. No. 95520
November 14, 1905, No. 804489

This Dryer, and the design in arranging it, are under the protection of the United States
Government by virtue of patents granted. Patents have also been taken out in all the
principal foreign countries. We are the sole owners and control these important
patents and have authorized NO ONE to manufacture or sell the “MARTIN ”

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

■ A4>.

j|k

p dr j§FV«

■■ Jrtem T

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

SUPERIOR IN EVERY RESPECT TO ANY OTHER SYSTEM— Labor Saving Throughout.
Dispenses with Truckers and car Pushers. Pallets Automatically Return to Brick
Machine. Quick to install and low in price, and takes up very little Yard room.

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFG. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A

HbOKQaomtun o^H<ji>tn Motsi>b

MONARCH STOCK BRICK MACHINE
Capacity, from 30,000 t« 50.000

THE QUAKER

Horse or Steam Power. Capacity, 20,00 to 35jO0Q

We have a full line of Clay-Working Machinery, sand mold brick machines, auger brick and tile machines.
Automatic side and end cut tables, dies, molds, barrows, trucks, sanders, represses, pug mills. The only down cut,
reel side brick cutter on the market for cutting face brick that do not require repressing. We can guarantee to make
you a better face brick with this cutter than you can get from any other cutter on the market.

B. E. LaDOW, 701 Dwight Building, KANSAS CITY, MO.

Here’* What One of the Largest Cement Companies in the IJniled States

Says About our “Pittsburg” Dri| Pan:

“ Answering yours of the 19th instant ; We are pleased to state that the dry pan
which we purchased of you about a year ago has given entire satisfaction. We
consider it one of the best, if not the best, dry pan manufactured and shall, indeed,
be pleased to recommend It to prospective purchasers of such machinery.

Yours truly,

WESTERN STATES PORTLAND CEMENT CO.”

And they Backed up their statement by ordering recently THREE MORE Pans from us

UNITED IRON WORKS COMPANY

General Offices: SPRINGFIELD, MO.

SPRINGFIELD, MO.; AURORA, MO.; IOLA, KAS.; PITTSBURG, KAS.

CHERRYVALE, KAS.; KANSAS CITY, MO.

«u OVER THE WORLD

THESE FAMILIAR SIGNS
MARK SINGER SHOPS

ALL OVER THE WORLD

THE ONLY SHOP WHERE

Singer & Wheeler & Wilson

SEWING MACHINES ARE

SOLD RENTED OR EXCHANGED

SEE

SINGER STORE

GOOD RULE

RAYMOND’S :

THE BEST

HANDSOME PROFITS

ENJOY LIFE

F>OOR RVlv^>

OTHERS

C. W. RAYMOND CO.

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

Everything for the Brickmaker'

Catalogue for the ^-Asking

CLKY RECORD.

SAND-LIME. BRICK

MACHINERY

•BOYD SXJALWY

MODERN METHODS & & A NO EXPERIMENTING

More Boyd Presses making sand-lime brick
than any other press on the market. The
Boyd Press is selected and purchased by
those who want the best. Our “Special”
Combination Block and Brick Press is the
only successful machine in the world for
making large building blocks and stones.

Sand-Lime Brick Plants designed and
complete machinery equipment furnished,
installed and set in operation. Machinery
and product guaranteed.

Correspondence solicited.

CHISHOLM, BOYD & WHITE COMPAHY

OFFICE AND WORKS, 5710 AND WALLACE STREETS

CHICAGO ; : : : : ILLINOIS

CLHY RECORD.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR -MOLD “SPECIAL”

Its Record: More Boyd Presses in actual operation than of all other Press Brick Machines
combined. Write for Catalogue.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.,

OFFICE AND WORKS: 5 7th and WALLACE STREETS Chicago, Illinois

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR -MOLD “ACME”

IT’S NAME A GUARANTEE. The Four-Mold Press above illustrated is our latest improved
machine of this design. Over ONE HUNDRED now in use. Especially adapted for working shales.

A BUSINESS PROPOSITION

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.

OFFICE AXD WORKS: 5 7th and WALLACE STREETS

Chicago, Illinois

CL7W RECORD.

M^— m— — ■aoES_Ti x; ~ ^

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

TWO = MOLD “ACME”

Brick Presses are too costly for any one to experiment with. SEVENTEEN YEARS of practical
experience back of each Boyd Press.

Chisholm, Boyd &

OFFICE AND WORKS: 5 7th and WALLACE STREETS

White Co.

Chicago, Illinois

New White Press

Especially designed for making Sand-Lime
Brick. Strongest, Most Powerful, Most Durable,
and Most Convenient. Molds removable; can
be changed in seven minutes.

Send for Special Press Catalogue.

SAND-LIME

BRICK

Complete Plants installed, started and operated
until the first 100,000 brick are made. No risks,
delays or expensive experimenting.

Strongest possible guarantees. This is the Only Safe
Method for parties going into any new industry.

Our Latest
Illustrated Booklet
gives all details.

' Mailed Free.

AMERICAN SAND-LIME BRICK CO.

1308 GREAT NORTHERN BLDG., CHICAGO

CLKY RECORD.

The BERG for the highest grade
of pressed brick of shale or
clay. It makes all kinds of
shapes and sizes of brick.
Changes from one shape to
another can be made in
less than an hour’s time.

The BERG MAKES the highest
grade of the brick. Can
make all kinds of shapes
desired for fire-brick
purposes.

First-Class Workman¬
ship. Cut Gearing. Fully
Warranted.

The 1905 Berg Press

For prices and full particulars, address

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO, ONT., CANADA

The BERG is
the best for sand
and cement be-
cause of its
strong pressure.
Uses less ce¬
ment, makes cheaper brick.

BERG BRICK PRESS

Three distinct
pressures make
the brick evenly
pressed all
through. No
granulated cen¬
ters of the brick.

The BERG makes the
best sand-lime brick and
cheapest because it is the
strongest machine and
gives the highest pres¬
sure. Thirty-five sand-
lime plants in United
States use the BERG
Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY.

The highest development of the
Art of Brickmaking Machinery
so pronounced by the United
States Government.

Auger Machine Combination Machine

UP-TO-DATE MACHINERY

For Making all Kinds of Brick-

Dry Pressed, Wire Cut,
Sand Moulded

Full
Line of
BricRyard
Specialties
and

Supplies

New White Press

New Model Berg Press

Iff addition to our well known BERG PRESS, we are now
bringing out our new WHITE PRESS for day-brick work. it is
especially recommended for difficult and refractory day . By far
the most powerful press built. Removable molds, changed in SEVEN
minutes. Special catalogue and full particulars on application.

Something New for 1907

Rocking and Dumping Grates
for Kilns. Save coal, save labor,
and do away with checked brick.
Send for “Lecture on Combus¬
tion ,“ by His Satanic Majesty.

Chicago Brick

1308 Great

, U. S. SELF CLEANING GRATE

In position ready for use. Part of frame cut away to show connection below.

Patented

Machinery Co.

Northern Bldg.

CLHV RECORD

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

WE BUILD

Sand=Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross=Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING,

ST. LOUIS, MO.

This is the Press That Scott Builds

THE ANDRUS FOUR
MOLD PRESS

Twenty" machines in the St. Louis
District alone. Come to our city and we
will show them to you.

We build all the machinery" that
goes to make up

“The Scott
Noiseless
Plant.”

SCOTT MANUFACTURING CO

602 Commonwealth Trust Building

St. Louis, Mo.

• •

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

Manufacturers of

GRATH PATENT HAND POWER PRESS.

Especially adapted for ornamental designs. Any size brick up to
12$6 inches long, 10 inches wide and 4)^ inches thick.

Brick set into kiln direct from press.

GRATH PATENT HAND POWER PRESS.

The Celebrated Fernholtz Dry Press

Four mold Press 20,000 daily capacity. Six mold Press 80,000 daily capacity

BOX

THE

FERNHOLTZ PATENT MOLD

Fitted With Ad
justable Pins.

P 1

r »• ’ •;'v *■ - .

A GOOD MIXER IS ALWAYS APPRECIATED.

THE FERNHOLTZ CLAY PULVERIZER.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

Cable Address “Fernbrick." Western Union Code. Boyne Avenue and Old Manchester Road, ST. LOUIS, MO., U. lit, A.

WW^WWWy«WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWvVWtf«

14 CLHY RECORD,

DRY BRICK MACHINES

RELIANCE DRY PRESS
THE MACHINE OF
THE FUTURE

OLD STYLE TOGGLE MOVEMENTS SUPERCEDED BY NEW
- AND BETTER PRINCIPLES -

THE ONLY MACHINE not using the Toggle Movement.

THE ONLY MACHINE applying Pressure from the Bottom.

THE ONLY MACHINE making a Uniformly Pressed Brick.

THE ONLY MACHINE MAKING BRICK WITHOUT GRANULATED CENTERS.

SIMPLE

STRONG

EFFICIENT

WRITE TO-DAY FOR PARTICULARS.

SEND US A SAMPLE OF YOUR CLAY.

ADDRESS

THE RELIANCE MACHINE AND TOOL WORKS

ST. LOUIS, MO.

ARE YOU INTERESTED IN A CUTTER
THAT WILL DOURLE YOUR
_ PROFITS FOR 1907?

The HixJ^'HappyrThought** Automatic Cutter will do it, This
Cutter is without an equal as it does what others can not do.
Will cut end or side cut brick, hollow blocks or conduits any
length or size desired. The capacity is unlimited. No clay
wasted, every bricK a perfect one, no complicated machinery to
get out of order and give annoyance.

It Will Pay You to Write Us for "Particulars

THE HIX “HAPPY THOUGHT” AUTOMATIC SIDE CUT BRICK CUTTER.

The Wallace Manufacturing Company

FRANKFORT, IND , U. S. A.

CL.7SY RECORD.

BRICK CUTTERS

AUTOMATIC MACHINES FOR

LARGE OR SMALL OUTPUT
OF EITHER SIDE-CUT OR
END-CUT BRICK. GOOD CON¬
STRUCTION, SIMPLE DESIGN,
EXCELLENT SERVICE

THE BREWER No. 14

is a new pattern of Automatic Cutting Machine for end-cut brick.
It has a novel and original cam movement which is simplicity
itself. Takes up its own wear, needs no adjustment. Ask for
complete description and specifications.

SJ DDBTtMMCD tecumseh

Mum CuMuBCm Ww Mhum Ot %Jf%Ju michigian

DESIGNERS AND BUI LDERS OF CLA Y WORKING MACHINES

CLHY RECORD

ACHINES

{

^ We build these Machines in five sizes* Capacities to J0t000 ^

Cp brick per hour* ^

^ Several hundred are in everyday use* They do first-class
jj work and are convenient, economical and durable* This can be (L

fp verified by investigation* ^

^ We also build Brick Machines with separate Pug Mill*

Don't forget our Automatic Cutters* They give satis- (L

faction. Jj

E. M. FREESE & CO. |

GALION - - - - OHIO ^

State your requirements and let us furnish particulars.

CLHY RECORD.

THE IROTTS

HORIZONTAL BRICK MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

BRICK DRYERS

The largest and best. The drying done
upon an entirely new principle. Brick
made today. Set in Kiln tomorrow.
Thoroughly dry. Will dry the most
tender clay with no loss from cracking.

It has No cars

No transfer cars
No rail
No ties
No fans

No extra engine

No high or expensive stack

The best dryer on the market. Manu¬
factured by

C. & A. POTTS & CO.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

CLHY RECORD.

Machinery for Building Brick

=AND FOR STREET PAVERS=

Automatic End Cut Brick Machines of five sizes, having capacity

from 10,000 to over 100,00 brick daily under

favorable conditions.

CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY

E. R. FRAZIER, Chicago Agent,

59 West Jackson Boulevard

52D AND MEDIA STREETS

PhlLADELPMIA, PA.

Weight
about
11,000 pounds
Capacity
2,000 bricks
per hour.

THE PHILADELPHIA REPRESS.

Single Crank
Movement
Working
Machinery

all above the

Mold Box.

CLHY RECORD.

Modern Brick|
Machinery

NO. 9 AUGER BRICK MACHINE

Capacity 50,000 to 70,000. The Machine for Diffi¬
cult Clays. Heavy Shafts -Steel Gears -Accessibility

12 Ft OOUBLE GEAREO PUG MILL TYPE “C”

Heavy Shafts and Large Faced Gears

Write for Our new Circular No. 12 describing some new Models of Brick Machinery

The BONNOT COMPANY

I CANTON, OHIO

THE GUILDER

ELEVATING and

FOR OPEN AIR SYSTEM OF DRYING

Write us in regard to this car and also let us tell you all about the
“PREMIER” line of Clay-Working Machinery.

The J. IX Fate Company

PLYMOUTH, OHIO

A REPORT OF THE TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL

MEETING OF THE ILLINOIS CLAY WORK¬
ERS ASSOCIATION,

Second Session.

On Wednesday, January 23d, President Stipes called the
second session of the Illinois Clayworkers’ convention to
order at 10 o’clock. He said that instead of adhering strict¬
ly to the program for the morning session he would call
upon Mr. W. D. Gates, of The Gates Potteries, of Terra
Cotta, to speak on “Teco Ware.” (Applause.)

TALK ON TECO WARE.

Gentlemen of this convention I do not like to make
apologies. I very seldom do, but I really feel ashamed to
come before you gentlemen this morning, for I have been
down on your program several times before but have been
unable to be with you. This time I made up my mind that
I would get here. Sunday I was in the South picking plum
blossoms off the trees. I have been away from home for
a week. It will not take me very long to tell you all that
I know, and I hope that I will stop when I have told you
that little.

On the subject of Teco ware, I am before you even with¬
out a specimen of the ware. I came up from the South
intending to go to Chicago and come from there here. I
wanted to have something to show you, because it is almost
impossible to talk about a ware and not show it. As to the
Teco ware, I have been like all of you. I believe that a
man, when he gets into this business gets so thoroughly in¬
stilled with the possibilities of the material that he is hand¬
ling that he does not know when to stop ; he believes in it
and goes on confident that he can accomplish what he un¬
dertakes with it. I went into this business something like
twenty years ago. I remember in my earlier days in trav¬
eling around, generally with a sample of my clay in my
pocket, I was down in Ottawa but this time without it. I
said to the owner of a plant, “I am sorry that I cannot
show you a sample of my clay.” He said, “I could not tell
you anything about it if you did ;” I have been in the busi¬
ness twenty years, but I could not tell you anything about
it until I had burned it; go out and get some young men
who are starting in and you will get a good deal of informa¬
tion from them about it.” (Laughter.)

I had rather a serious introduction into the business. I
had no very clear idea of what line I wanted to follow,

and after college I dropped into that of law. I went
through the law school, opened an office, got a good library,
but I didn’t know what was the matter. I discovered after
a time that I was the only one who knew that I was a
lawyer, and sometimes since then even I have been doubtful
whether I ever was one or not.

Then I got to dallying with clay. It was attractive to me
and I could not let it alone. I tried to forget it, but could
not. I put in two or three years of experimental work.
I started a tile factory to make tiles of clay in a certain
location, though some of my friends thought that I was
not needed there because they had factories right near me.
I satisfied myself that I could make terra cotta. I built a
plant. In that business each particular line is a department
by itself and you have got to get a working force in each
of the departments in order to do business. Then I went
out to get orders. It took me some time to get myself
straight on that, but I discovered this condition of affairs,
that the men that knew me best would do the least business
with me. That is an embarrassing confession to make.
But suppose I had known a man and he recollected the
time when I was a lawyer. He would say he wanted his
building and wanted it in a hurry. There was another con¬
cern he knew, and he would say. Gates is a pleasant ac¬
quaintance, but if I give him this order I won’t get the
stuff on time. So I was up against the general proposition
of going out where I was not known in order to get busi¬
ness. (Laughter.)

When I first started, I got out a card, “William D. Gates,
Manufacturer of Terra Cotta, Vases, Brick, Wall Copings,
Tile, Sewer Pipe, etc.,” and then the next day if I found
that I had left anything off of that card I would get out
a new one. Afterward I found out that if I confined my¬
self to one thing that I could do well, it was enough. Then
I confined myself to terra cotta. In our laboratory we got
to experimenting with clays and I thought I saw possibili¬
ties there. I nursed that idea for two or three years and
then we started to making pottery. Anyone who can run
a pottery as a business by itself is certainly not only a good
business man but is a financier. I think I have referred
to it before. It suggests to me that when I went into this
business I was a good deal like most other people to dis¬
cover a clay bank when they are off on a vacation. They
lose the distinction between a clay bank and a national
bank. They think that the clay bank is something that
they can scoop out and cash like a draft on a national bank.
There is something in that, because the clay bank needs the

CLHY RECORD,

national bank back of it to work it successfully. (Laughter
and Applause.)

If you go through one of the large stores like Marshall
Field & Co., and just saunter through their pottery depart¬
ment, then you will wonder why there is any need of any¬
body making more art pottery. And yet, it is an attractive
ling, of business. I think there is nothing more attractive
than that little area of lines that comes into the potters’
field. Just the slightest curve in a vase makes it a good
vase, or a poor one. No matter how much experience he
has had, when a man draws that line on paper, he is fooled
when he brings it out in the work. Perhaps if I had a
fine vase today, a man who looked at it would say, “That
was copied from the Romans,” or from the Assyrians. It
is not a direct copy, because I have not copied it from them.
But there is a line running through the human mind. Per¬
haps I will see a vase today and the impression of it will
stay with me and in after years the fact of seeing that vase
will have its effect on me.

Then in geometrical curves. There are men who have
theories that all these things in the old Roman and Grecian
times were worked out on strictly geometrical rules. I
had a man show me a short time ago that he could work out
the plans of the Parthenon by geometrical propositions ;
the size and height of each base, of each column, of the
old Parthenon. Yet the same man in trying to work out
a vise design in the same geometrical method, could not
do it. Yet if you drew a vase he would go to work and
after an hour or two with his geometrical theories he would
show you why you got such a curve, and why it was, but
he could not construct it. It can be constructed mathe¬
matically, unquestionably, but it has got to be pleasing to
the eye and the slightest change in one of those curves will
make all the world of difference in the appearance of the
vase.

There are any quantity of vases made ; there are any
quantity of ways of making them. Of course it seems
foolish to get up here and give this away to you gentlemen
because you will go back to making vases when I tell you
all about it. But the times have changed, I think. The
time when a man would lock the door and build a high wall
around his place, is past. There is no high wall around
our place. There are no locked doors. We are always
glad to receive visitors and do receive a great many of
them. I think one thing that has been a very great comfort
to me has been this condition of affairs that has grown up
in the last twenty years. When I went into this business
there was no literature to be found on the subject. But
through these associations that have grown up there has
been a meeting of the men at which they found out that
they Were really a mighty good lot of men. There has been
an interchange of opinion that has saved a great deal of
money. When we get together in the lobbies, as we do
as well as here, we find that one man has tried one plan,
another another, and with exchange of the cost of experi¬
menting along that line saves expenditures.

One of the most pleasant things to me has been to watch
the growth of the American Ceramic society. Those young
fellows, men who understood German, for instance, and
could read the works of Seger. They spent the night hours
translating him, and did that for two or three or four years
in order to make that work accessible to the English speak¬
ing world. It is a broad-minded proposition that we all
want to be proud of. It is in direct opposition to the old
system of absolute secrecy. In England, authenticated his¬
tory shows that there was no subterfuge that men would
not undertake in order to get in and try to steal the secrets
of another organization. In one instance a man went to
a factory and feigned idiocy. When they kicked him out
he came back again. They did this time after time.

Finally they thought that he didn’t know anything and could
not give anything away, and they let him poke around the
factory. He poked around the factory until he finally went
off and started a rival organization. He had got the secret
of the ware. We have grown up broader minded than that
and we realize that we have the best material to work on
that there is in the world. And we are making our ware
today just as well as we know how, and when we can find
any way to improve it, we do improve it. But we have
confidence in our ware, so that if there is not a market for
the ware, we are going to reach out and make the market
for some other ware.

There is such a wide field for the clay worker that there
is no limit. It has grown beyond our wildest ideas. Then
the steel construction sprung up and ware had to be made,
not only to adapt it to the outside view, but it had to be
made and adapted to sheath the steel and fit around it.
This increased the use of the ware way beyond my wildest
dreams. The use of it is increasing to such an extent that
we can hardly keep pace with it. I think we are going to
make in this country things that we never thought of. I
think we are going to come to the time when America will
be the leading clay working nation in the world. We have
the material and the brains to do it. I forget whether
Illinois is now the third or the fourth in rank of the clay
working states, according to the government census. And
down underneath us we don’t know what we have got.

When I started to show a sample of my clay 20 years
ago to a man he said it was no good. What position was
that for a man to take? Today we know very little, and
twenty years ago we knew even less. If we know our busi¬
ness. we say, “we cannot tell you from that sample.” We
realize that the Almighty has put one clay in one district
and another clay in another district, but he has given man
the brain power to mix the ingredients, because the Al¬
mighty does not put the ingredients together for the man to
dig out and work. He leaves something for the man to do.
It is for the man to gather up these great products and to
handle these products in such a way that they can be used.

Of course when you get into the glazes, there is a wide
field. We have tried to run a laboratory. It costs money
all the time, but we feel that we are getting results. In our
laboratory we find that doing the best that we can do, so
many things enter into the action of the day that there are
matters that are puzzling me today and have been for many
years and I expect will puzzle me until I am through with
clay working. As soon as you glaze your work then you
have a complication of affairs. In the Teco Ware we hap¬
pened to get a green. It is a peculiar green that we never
have been able to name. It is called the “Teco Green.”
It is a little different from any other ware. It is not a
glaring surface, and it is not a refracting surface.

A good many of the architects object to a glossy surface
on a building. You will see some of those skyscrapers in
Chicago where, when you get the sunlight on them, they
will reflect that light. Part of the building will get just
the curve to reflect the light and some more of it won’t get
that curve on account of the unequal surface. The archi¬
tects are all the time scheming to get away from that. We
have frequent cases of it, but one that I recall particularly
is that of Jarvis Hunt on the American Trust building, on
the northeast corner of Clark and Monroe. The First Na¬
tional Bank is at the other end of the block. That was con¬
structed, at great expense, out of granite. They paid two
or three times as much for it as they would if they had used
terra cotta, but they insisted on having granite. Incidental¬
ly, when they got to the cornice, they could not make it of
granite. Hunt had to put his building up immediately ad¬
joining. He wanted to get a building that would not curse
the First National Bank and would not be cursed by the

CL7W RECORD.

First National Bank. He gave the subject a great deal of
study. He arrived at a conclusion that was very satisfac¬
tory. He gave it a rough surface, glazed and speckled with
brown and yellow. But taken in the whole he got just the
effect that he wanted. With a speckled surface as"~soon as
you get" at a distance, you get a result that you cannot get
with any one mass of color, or tinted color.- That has been
one thing that has increased the use of the speckled brick
so widely.

On the Rector building he used a paving block, the
largest that lie could get. Those two buildings standing
across the street are absolutely different, and yet they look
well together. The American Trust, standing against the
First National, has been complimented by everybody who
has seen it. Incidentally, on the cornice of that building,
a cornice which projects about four feet, they used eagles
projecting from the wall, and those eagles at eighteen stories
high, were made with a spread of wing of eighteen feet.
I have never seen anybody who looked up from the side¬
walk and thought that the spread of wings was more than
six or eight feet. All these things have got to oe taken
into consideration . bv the architect and by the terra cotta
man also. The architect is blamed if anything goes wrong,
but he in turn throws it on to the terra cotta man.

To get back to the pottery. That has made rapid prog¬
ress in this country. It comes to a point where you are
making a little ware that you are stuck on ; you think it is
a good thing. Then the question is as to the public. That
question was a very serious one with me, as to letting the
public know about this ware, and how to let the public
know. If the public does not know about the ware, the
ware does not do you any more good than you can derive
from having it in your own home. Then the subject of
advertising comes up. That is a powerful instrument but
it costs a lot of money. When I put twenty or twenty-five
thousand dollars into advertising, where am I going to get
it back. Your money is gone, your advertisements are out
and the question is of getting your money back in little drib¬
lets. I have had people come into the office, look at a little
vase and at the price marked on the bottom. We have
never yet had to carry any of those people out because they
fainted, but some of them have been in pretty nearly that
condit’on. “Why,” they would say, “there is not clay
enough in that to make a snow-ball, and yet you want six
or seven dollars for it.”

The clay is a crude product. The money that we expend
in our ware is in the labor and in the fuel and in the hustling
and in the advertising. You would be surprised at the
clays that come into our office, sometimes you can hardly
tell whether they are sand or clay. Yet men will bring that
stuff into the office, and when I tell them that I do not be¬
lieve it can be used, they get mad. They know that we
cannot spend a whole lot of money in making analyses. If
a man brings you a sample of clay, work it up in a plastic
condition and put it in your kiln and let it take the chances
on your heat. Your heat may be destructive to that clay.
You cannot try the different heats.

I had a man come in a little while ago with a sample of
clay which he put before me. I told him I could not afford
to make ‘an analysis of it; that we were trying to feed
some babes out at our own place and we did not have the
time to work on his sample. He told me a whole lot of
things about that clay. I said, “I think your clay will prob¬
ably make a brick.” He laughed at me. He said, of course
it will ; I can get $80 a thousand for brick made out of that
stuff in Chicago. I said, “you are a lucky man. Have you
been around to see these men? There is not a brick selling
for $80 a thousand.” Finally I told the man that I must
get back to my work, that he knew more than I did about

it. There are a whole lot of those men going around with
clay that they think they can put on the cars and sell and
soon retire from business.

The more I see of the clay business, the more I realize
that clay is a product that is of mighty little commercial
value. We have to buy clays from abroad and bring them
here, some from Germany. But those clays are very care¬
fully prepared, they are washed clays. If you take off the
charge for freightage and for washing, you will find that
when those clays get back to the original miner that there
is not very much of a margin for him. So I say that the
cost comes not from getting the clay but from mixing and
handling it. You will find that things have gone wrong,
somehow, that the clay is getting different. That the clay
will change in some things. We all know that.

It is in the study that the man puts into it. and spends
over it. And the machine men and the clay men have got
to stand side by side. I have very often seen a clay in one
place that would not run commercially, and yet if put with
another clay it would do more than the manufacturer ever
claimed. One machine is fitted for one purpose and an¬
other for another purpose. One will handle one clay and
another will a different clay.

I have given you a helter-skelter talk. I said I would try
to stop when I told you what I knew, but I think I have
told more than that already. Of course, I am a crank on
this subject, and I like to talk to men who are working
the same material and working to the same end, and that
end I believe is, among our craft, to make the best ware that
it is possible to make out of our goods, and to make it at
the least margin. Though it looks at times as if we were all
working for the coal man and the pay roll.

I have not talked about the Teco pottery. If there are
any questions that anybody would like to ask me, about how
we put the hole into the vase or anything of that kind, I
would be glad to answer. The methods of manufacture of
Teco pottery I have not dwelt on at all. The material is
prepared and poured into a plaster mould. Then the mould
is turned upside down, leaving this vacant portion inside of
the mould. Then it is allowed to stand until it becomes
rather hard and the mould is taken away in pieces and the
vase has to be finished by hand.

I thank you, gentlemen. (Applause.)

Mr Loy: I would like to say one word in favor of the
Teco ware. It has been my pleasure to visit Brother Gates
at his place of business. I was telling Mr. Gates about be¬
ing in Ohio when we struck oil. Then he wanted to look
over his place and see if there wasn’t any signs of oil there.
The next day I found him under the bridge poking in the
water with a long pole trying to see if he could not raise
some of that oil. (Laughter.) A year ago I met him at
the convention and he said if I would promise never to
mention his oil seeking experiences he would send my wife
a Teco pottery vase. That pleased me, of course. After
we had received it, my wife finally called me to an account¬
ing and asked me if I had thanked Mr. Gates for the lovely
vase. Of course I had forgotten to do that. So I wrote,
if I can remember, something like this:

Dear Mr. Gates, joy we confess.

The gems are here, paid up express.

To thank you now is our intent
For your fine Teco compliment.

The first we’ve seen of your new line,

Your Teco pottery is fine.

On vase and mug we stand and gaze
Oh, Lord — no, no, give Gates the praise.

CLKY RECORD,

My wife, says she, how can he, pray,

Make such fine vases out of clay?

Does he but use the juggler’s wand
And make them all by slight of hand ?

No, no, dear wife, no, no, said I ;

Knowledge and skill he doth apply.

I know the man, his smiling face
Is far more handsome than the vase.

Then, looking at this face of mine,

My wife, says she, Gates must be fine ;

If he can make a vase so true

\yhy can’t he mend that mug for you?

Dear wife, said I, I’ll tell you now
He’s moved the wrinkles from your brow ;

The vase, I say, in two short weeks
Has set new dimples in your cheeks.

While my own face once like a jug
Resembles now his handsome mug;

I’ll be a daisy after awhile

When I, like Gates, have learned to smile.

(Laughter and applause.)

Mr Gates: Mr. Loy apparently did not know the differ¬
ence between fishing for fish and fishing for oil.

President Stipes: The next on the programme is by
Professor Mumford, of the University of Illinois, for a
paper on “The Value of Feeding Live Stock on Brick Paved
Areas,” but o;wing to his illness Professor Hall of the uni¬
versity will take his place.

Prof. Hall: The subject of feeding live stock might, at
first, seem a little bit far fetched in connection with clay-
working, but I hope to be able to establish some relation
between the two before I get through.

VALUE OF FEEDING LIVE STOCK ON BRICK PAVED

AREAS.

The application of brick pavement to stock feeding is con¬
fined mainly to the fattening of cattle and hogs. In view
of the further fact that the only definite available data bn
the subject deal with those classes of animals this paper will
consider the subject only in its relations to the production
of beef and pork under conditions comparable with those of
Illinois.

The improvement of the surface of feeding yards has re¬
ceived comparatively little attention at the hands of farmers
and stockmen generally. Systematic inquiry by the Illinois
Experiment Station into conditions in this state based on the
statements of over five hundred representative cattle feed¬
ers showed that only seven per cent of our correspondents
made definite provision against mud. other than that afford¬
ed by waste feed trampled under foot; Further, only two
per cent besides these seven per cent stated that their lots
were so drained as to obviate serious inconvenience from
muddy surfaces. That muddy lots do constitute a serious
problem in cattle feeding is indicated by the following sug¬
gestive replies received from feeders in different parts of
the state. “I have no way of preventing mud. Wish I
had one.” “Can’t prevent yards from getting muddy. I
advise brick pavement.” (This man has fed one hundred
cattle per year for ten years.) “Have no way. Wish you
would devise some plan.” “It is a hard proposition. I do
the best I can but that is poor.” These facts are certainly
significant of the need of, and opportunity for improvement
in feed lot surfaces.

The methods of surfacing employed by those cattle feed¬
ers who have attempted to provide against mud may be
briefly considered. In the investigation just referred to it
was found that but two per cent, or ten feeders, of all our
correspondents had yards completely covered with paving
material. Of these, two were equipped with brick paved
lots, two with rock pavement, three had lots laid with rail¬
road ties, one partly with rock and partly with railroad
ties, and one with cinders. It is evident from this that the
need of solid surfaces in feed yards has been recognized by
practical feeders and that efforts are being made to meet
the need. Since the time of the above correspondence some
four years ago, a number of brick pavements have been laid
in Illinois cattle feeding yards. Honorable T. S. Chapman
of Jersey County who has used one for more than ten
years says, “I think the pavement is the best investment I
have on the farm for the money.”

The value of pavement in cattle feeding consists of two
elements, namely, the saving of feed and the increased sell¬
ing price due to the cleaner condition of the stock. The
Illinois ©Agricultural Experiment Station has conducted
some- experiments which furnish data on these points. In
one test a carload of choice two-year old steers was fed in
a paved lot and another carload of steers was fed in an
ordinary mud lot. Those in the mud lot had access at all
times to an open shed where the bedding was kept dry at
all times. This shed was made large enough for all the
steers to lie down at the same time. The feed box in which
the corn was fed was only about 15 feet from the shed and
the water tank about 20 feet. The experiment extended
from December 1st to June 1st so that the mud lot was
frozen during a large part of the time ; and only during
part of the last two months was the mud lot in bad condi¬
tion. Both lots of steers were fed on the same ration and
all other conditions excepting the surfaces of the lots were
the same. The gains in weight made by the steers during
the six months were practically the same in both lots. Dur¬
ing the last two months there was a difference of 5 per cent
in gains in favor of the steers on pavement. The pigs fol¬
lowing the latter steers, however, made nearly one pound
more of pork per bushel of corn fed the steers than did
those following the steers in the ordinary mud lot. In other
words, while the pork produced by the pigs following the
“mud lot steers” paid for only 12.86 per cent of the total
feed given the steers the pigs following the “paved lot
steers” paid for 16.67 Per cent. This would amount to
about $1.50 per steer, with pork at present prices of $6.00
per hundred-weight.

The difference in market value of the cattle at end of this
test was ten cents per hundred-weight in favor of the steers
fed on pavement. A discrimination of ten to twenty cents
per hundred-weight is commonly made in the cattle markets
in favor of cattle with clean hides as compared with those
having dirty, manurv hides. Generally, therefore, $1.50 per
steer would be gained by this item ; and, together with- the
increased pork production, approximately $3.00 per steer
should be credited to the pavement. A pavement designed
to accommodate fifteen to twenty cattle cost us a total of
$153.00, so that the economy of the investment is clearly
evident in this case We are not to apply these results to
cattle feeding generally since a large proportion of the cattle
fattened for market are fed during the summer and fall
when surface conditions are much better and when the cat¬
tle and hogs are not confined in small yards to such an
extent as in the spring months. The foregoing results are
believed to indicate what may reasonably be expected under
similar conditions during the winter and spring months.

The Illinois Experiment Station is provided with a num¬
ber of brick paved feed-lots which have been considered al¬
most indispensable in the experimental feeding tests that

CLKY RECORD.

have been conducted. These lots have a fall of one inch
to six feet away from the open sheds. There is also a side
slope to each lot with a tile at the lowest corner to carry
off surface rain water that falls on the pavement. As the
pavement is frequently cleaned there is no serious leaching
of manure.

After the proper grade had been secured the ground was
covered with six inches .of gravel which was rolled and
tramped down solid, covered with one inch of tine sand
upon which No. i paving brick were laid flat, herring-bone
pattern, except in the alley and around the scales, where
they were placed on edge. After being put in place the
brick were rolled down even and, upon inspection, if any
were found to be soft they were replaced with good ones.

The space between the brick was filled with a grout “fill¬
er” consisting of one part clean, sharp sand, and one part
of Portland cement. The cement and sand were thorough¬
ly mixed dry in tight boxes, then made into a mortar of the
consistency of cream and thoroughly broomed into the
joints between the brick. This was done to keep water
from getting underneath the pavement ; which, if allowed
to enter, would soften the sub-grade or cause the heaving
of the brick, by allowing freezing and thawing.

The cement filler was allowed to set a week before heavy
loads were allowed on it,, and as the work was done in sum-,
mer, the sun’s rays were kept off by means of a canvas for
the first day. A retaining curb of 2x8 plank, braced by a
4x4 placed two and one-half feet in the ground, was put
in at the gates to keep the animals from breaking the edge
of the brick.

The feeding experiments referred to in this paper are
fully reported in Bulletin No. 103 of the Illinois Experiment
Station ; the plans and specifications of the experiment sta¬
tion cattle feeding plant are given in Bulletin No. no, and
the paved feed lots of several successful Illinois cattle feed¬
ers are illustrated and described in Circular No. 98, all of
which publications may be had free on application to the
director of the station at Urbana or Champaign.

Mr. Blair: In order to avoid the slippery condition that
the Professor spoke of, the use of the No. 2 hard brick
made by other manufacturers as well as by our company,
would remedy that.

Prof. Hall: We have never had a serious difficulty on
that score. We have never had an animal injured on our
pavements. But a man has to pick his way, especially after
the pavement has just been cleaned. The average man
would not have any, trouble because we would have six or
eight inches of manure on the surface.

Mr. Blair: I will say that it is possible in our company
that we have never sold No. 1 for feed lots, but we possibly
have sold in the neighborhood of twenty-five or thirty feed
lot jobs to the farmers of-. Illinois and Indiana. I believe
invariably we have sold what we class as our No. 2 hard
.brick. That seemed to meet all the requirements.

Prof. Hall : I will add to what I said that the brick
pavements are coming into favor mor6 and more in Illinois
and I am glad that they are. While we do not advise them
generally, we do advise them during feeding in the spring
months. A man came in this morning and said that he had
just put in a brick pavement and could not understand why
he had not done it ten years ago. It rests, I think, with the
brick men to develop this field, although perhaps the burden
may be on the Experiment Station.

President Stipes : For the benefit of the common brick
makers present I will inform you that the experiments were

made on common building brick. We will now hear Mr.
W ill P. Blair, President of the National Paving Brick Man¬
ufacturers’ association, on the question of “What Consti¬
tutes a First-class Paving Brick.

WHAT CONSTITUTES A FIRST CLASS PAVING BRICK

The first pavement made with brick that I had the
pleasure of seeing in process of construction in a roadway
was witnessed by me a good many years ago. The brick
were dumped from a wagon as you would dump a load of
gravel. That does not seem so long ago, but rather yester¬
day — since upon yesterday, as it were, whole streets have
been paved without a pretense of an engineer’s services, and
are practically dumped into a street, and even now it is not
an unusual thing for brick streets to be built without the
superintendency of an engineer. The services of an en¬
gineer was not thought necessary, and so not thought of at
all in building the first brick streets in Illinois. For the
same reason, and no better reason, the services of the en¬
gineer have been dispensed with time and time again, be¬
cause it was not thought worth while. His skill and wages
for the time seems to be thought of as being out of propor¬
tion for the importance of the job. A dollar and one-half
to two dollars a day so-called inspector is often deemed suf¬
ficient pay,, and such a person regarded as being fit for an
inspector on streets for the same reasons that the boy could
so highly recommend his dog, not being fit for anything
else, he knew he was a good coon dog. Just why the public
endures being trifled with in this respect is difficult of solu¬
tion. It is a method that has grown into a practice for the
reason that sufficient protest has not been lodged to remedy
the evil.

A mile of brick street 36 feet wide costs, with the curb¬
ing, $40,000. It not unfrequently happens that cities
and towns from twelve to twenty-five thousand inhabitants
build two miles of streets in a single season, and $80,000.00
is expended practically under the supervision of the two
dollar a day man. I ask what would be thought of- your
citizen neighbor who having determined to build a $40,-
000.00 residence, would do so without the aid and services
of a most competent architect constantly superintending the
job. No one knows better than gentlemen of the engineer¬
ing profession that more money is wasted upon streets and
rdadways through incompetent superintendency than that
of any public utility for which money is expended, and no
one else than you feels more keenly upon the subject than
the material man whose product is thus abused. So far as
the brick manufacturers are concerned, I think I may say
without the least degree of hesitancy that they not only
stand willing, but determined so far as lies within their
power,, that the engineer shall supervise the construction of
the work for which he draws the plans and receive the
pay for such supervision for which his ability entitles him.

An architect’s fee for superintending a $40,000.00 build¬
ing would certainly be as much as three and oftentimes is
as much as five per cent of its cost, In this day and age of
the world, even a modest home is without its complement
and necessary appurtenance when it is without a street, at
least, in keeping with that home. The beauty, the utility,
the comfort and durability from every point of considera¬
tion is as important in one case as in the other, and deserves
equal care and attention. The interest of the Vitrified Brick
Manufacturer in the use of their product is co-equal with
that of the engineer or property owner. We earnestly de¬
sire the co-operation and help of both, and we are willing
at all times in recognition of that fact to help the cause
of the engineer with all of the influence at our command.
If professional ethics would bid them be modest, our ma¬
terial welfare is ready to supply the necessary obtrusiveness
to set aside the practice that contributes to bad work, and

put them where they belong. We only need to be taken
into their confidence and quietly directed in the things which
we may *do, and I plainly confess that we do not wish the
relationship to stop there. We desire to take them into our
confidence. With the incompetent inspector we have our
troubles. We do not know whether he really thinks us dis¬
honest, or whether he does not consider it as a part of his
duty to consider us dishonest or which, but do you think
that we can take such a man on to our yard, explain our
methods of burning; demonstrate where the good and the
bad brick come from in the kiln, where our own troubles
lie, and of all the efforts that we put forth and as we put
them forth to give to the cities the quality of the brick we
have promised to furnish. We are not satisfied, however,
with eliminating the incompetent inspector. Boards of
trustees, city councils often so circumscribe the engineer in
a way that he is not the responsible factor he should be ;
the final judgment and authority of the engineer is not
supreme, but reserved by a body that possesses no element
of technical learning — a doctor is called and prescribes, but
some wiser council (?) determines whether or not the
patient shall take the medicine. The authority of the en¬
gineer should be made supreme to make him forceful and
independent. After an engineer’s plans are accepted and
approved, then he should be clothed with absolute power
and authority to carry them out in detail. Where the en¬
gineer is given full control of the plan, specification and de¬
tails of construction, the material with which it is to be
done, we do believe that it would be to the interest to all
concerned that the engineer visit the yard and the factory
from which the brick are supplied ; see the brick as they
are made, as they are burned, assorted and shipped, where
the overburned come from, and note the characteristics ;
likewise the underburned, the airchecked, the faulty made
at the machine, the spoiled at rapid firing and of all the
little details tffit separate the good from the bad.

As they gather some little information from us along
these lines at such conference, we necessarily would learn
a great deal from them.

What constitutes a first class paving brick is a question
that can not well be answered in a few words. You are all
well aware that we are wont to say and do say that a paving
brick that will withstand the action of the rattler and not
sustain a loss of exceeding twenty-five per cent, and one
that will not absorb but from two to five per cent of its
own weight is a good paving brick, but when you ascertain
the quality of a brick by that process of testing, the brick
itself is no. longer fit for use. Then the test itself is only
practical so far as it may serve by way of comparison to
enable intelligent judgment to be passed upon similar brick
that are expected to be used. I have before me some half
dozen or more samples of first class brick of the various
makes that seek a market in your state. I would say that
all of these brick are first class, and meet the general re¬
quirements, and after placed in the streets of the cities and
towns of the state of Illinois, under what we call good con¬
struction, it would be a rare exception where they will not
withstand • the wear and fear of an entire generation. I
have before me here also an overburned brick, an under¬
burned brick, a brick that is burned too fast, a brick that
is spoiled in the mill, and brick that are otherwise defec¬
tive, each having been manufactured by the same process ;
burned in the same kilns ; of the same material and appar-
entlv received the same treatment as the brick that are
good. The comparisons that I have here are each some¬
what in the extreme. I believe it was your own immortal
Lincoln who said that the way to learn most effectively by
illustration and comparisons is by instancing extreme cases,
and that is why I have brought these extremes to you. It
does not require much stretch of the imagination for you to

realize that there is a point where these two extremes meet,
and it is the case with every manufacturer that between
the good and bad there is a doubtful line. I think that you
will find that it is the method of every first class manufac¬
turer in giving instruction to his men upon whom he must
depend to fill his orders that the douotful line must be
eliminated in favor of a good grade. If there is a doubtful
line where these two qualities meet with the manufacturer
with all his familiarity with the details, conditions and cir¬
cumstances surrounding the making of the product, what
can be expected in the exercise of the judgment of a man
such as I have stated while acting as an inspector. This is
the aspect that presents itself for your and our intelligent
consideration, and this' is the condition that led me to say,
and is the father of the wish, that the engineers might be
taken into our confidence and we into their confidence, and
that is why I say to you that a visit to the factory of the
manufacturer who supplies the brick that the engineer -is
expected to use upon any important street, will be to the
decided advantage of both. In some cases it is largely the
place in the kiln where the different grades come from.
Again the quality may be determined somewhat by the color
and, as is sometimes the case, by the weight alone, mill in¬
sufficiently fed, quantity of clay lacking inside of the brick,
the outside appearance perfect in form and perfect in burn¬
ing. In the latter case the fault of the brick is only detected
after it is placed in the street and subjected to the weight
of the roller. But no two brick of the entire lot before me
are of the same color, nor do any two present the same
appearance so far as fracture, density, burning, or anything
else as it appears to the eye make thq two alike. Each is
totally different, and made from slightly different clays.
A visit to one yard will not equip one thoroughly in judging
the quality of the brick from another yard, so I would say
if it is possible, as each factory supplies a street from time
to time, visit each factory, inspect the yard from which the
particular supply of brick are to come.

I have with me also two or three specimens of first class
brick that have been in use. One specimen taken from un¬
der the wheel track, having been in use a little more than
fifteen years. This specimen of brick is similar in quality
to the No. i’s that I have before me, but it was placed in
the street under proper construction. I have a correspond¬
ing sample precisely alike in quality, but placed in the street
carelessly and not in accordance with the plans and specifi¬
cations we recommend. The wear on the two specimens
were as nearly alike as it is possible for conditions to be in
two different places on the same street; both were from
under the wheel track, but you readily see one is a total
wreck, while the other is not perceptibly worn. I have
another specimen taken from another street that was in
use 12 years, sustaining the traffic under heavy loads daily,
and in that entire time many loads that passed over it
weighed more than ,12 tons. I was unable to procure a
mate for this sample — construction under bad conditions —
for the reason that on the entire block from which this was
taken, no more apparent wear was found anywhere. These
brick we furnish in proof of the statement often made, that
the older the brick street, in case of proper construction,
the better it is for all purposes for which it is built. Bridges
collapse,, buildings fall, streets fail. There are failures in
all engineering problems, but almost without a single ex¬
ception the failure is due to misconstruction or a misapplica¬
tion carelessly or otherwise of the plans and specifications
made by the engineer. You ask me, why this special plea
for competent suvervision? I think I have already given
you the answer. What constitutes a good paving brick is
one that is properly laid in the streets.

In so short a paper I can only indicate these two or three
thoughts which lie at the bottom of hindering the complete

CLAY RECORD.

vindication of brick streets. But they only hinder and de¬
lay. Our faith that brick manufacturers with the aid
of the conscientious engineer, will see brick streets pre¬
ferred to all others has never been shaken for a moment.

Mr. Blair : I have not satisfactory answered the question
that I have been asked to answer here today, “What consti¬
tutes a First Class Paving Brick?” It is difficult to answer
such a question in so short a paper but I can give one
answer that will be satisfactory, or ought to be satisfactory
to every person interested in the use of paving brick in the
state of Illinois. A first class paving brick is a paving brick
that is put into the street and that will stand under proper
conditions.

The speaker had before him on the table a number of
specimens of brick that had been in use under various con¬
ditions ; he told where they had been used, how long and
under what circumstances. He spoke for some time on this
subject, illustrating his remarks by reference to the speci¬
mens before him.

Mr. Hammerschmidt : In the city of Wheaton they have
been laying sewer and water mains for the last year ; I
was called in by a friend and I said that that for the paving
they ought to have a foundation better than the old mud
and gravel. I claim that that is not a good pavement.
What do you think about that?

Mr. Blair : I take this position, so far as my personal
judgment is concerned. There is so little difference between
the construction of a good street and the construction of a
bad street that if I could properly and fairly lay, down the
conditions between the good and the poor construction, you
yourself would always choose the good. But it is a fact that
many peple do not realize the importance of the difference
and they look at the idea of saving, which is well enough
in some particulars. To get a brick street is the limit to
which some towns will go financially. In that case I say
take the brick street. It will be a good street for years and
years to come.

Mr. Hammerschmidt: I find that the good brick show
most wear when there is light traffic, delivery wagons; not
where there is twelve and fourteen tons passing over it.

Mr. Blair: My observation has been that the severest
thing upon a brick street is the rapid driving, but I will
say this with reference to the streets from which these
specimens were taken, that the larger portion of the driving
over those streets was rapid driving.

Mr. Mamer: There has been a little talk of paving a
street in my town and I contended that by taking the street
in the condition it is in at present, by giving it the proper
grade and rolling it thoroughly and putting on an inch or an
inch and a half of sand cushion, putting on one course of
brick and thoroughly rolling, that that street would stand
perfectly. I would like to ask Mr. Blair if he would so
consider it? There is no time that that street would carry
a load or more than four tons and very few of those.

Mr. Blair: Possibly Mr. Barr could answer the question
better than I can.

Mr. Barr : I don’t think there is any question in the
world about a town of the size that Mr. Mamer mentions,
if the paving is put down at the proper season of the year.
If he gets in a good cement filler it certainly will last until

mv friend here and his children are dead and gone. I think
that is long enough. I have often seen streets paved as I
saw a street in the city of Galesburg which was paved on
the black mud with only the sand. If the street has not
dear drainage to let the rain off or if there are puddles
standing on it, the water will work through and you will
have a bad pavement. But if it has good drainage so that
the water immediately runs off and does not sfand, even a
sand filler gets practically tight and unless the water does
stand in puddles, the paving will last well for years. There
are many cases where if you make the expense of the work
too great, the people will not stand it, and on a street of that
kind where the traffic is limited the brick is so much better
than no paving at all that I say put it in.

Mr. Blair: About 5,000 teams a day passed over each
one of these streets from which these specimens were taken.
The amount of traffic that you would have over the street
that you have mentioned would not be as much in 75 years
as goes over these streets in ten. So that in a measure
helps to answer the question.

Mr. Mamer: The reason I ask the question is simply
this. The average person that has not given the question
of paving any thought will say that all attempt to make a
pavement of that kind is utter folly. They seem to think
that the paving will sink in the mud and you cannot get that
idea out of their heads. In my opinion I don’t see how it
is possible for any water to get through to soften that earth
underneath.

Mr. Blair: If you get a good cement filler in. Perhaps
I ought to say in this connection that the National Associa¬
tion of Paving Brick Manufacturers publish several sets
of specifications. One looks to the very best pavement that
can possibly be made. Another one to a medium priced
pavement, and another one to a pavement that will suit the
smaller towns. Anybody who addresses the National Asso¬
ciation at Terra Haute, Ind., requesting these specifications
will receive them.

President Stipes: Mr. Blair, what foundation would you
advise to make a first-class pavement?

Mr. Blair : I think a five or six-inch concrete foundation
would be the best.

President Stipes : What preparation would he use, and
whether crushed stone and gravel mixed.

Mr. Blair : It is owing to the kind of cement. In the
use of Portland cement it would depend on the condition
of the broken stone and gravel ; I have seen a good founda¬
tion constructed with the proportion of eight to one.

Mr. Gillette : What about expansion and contraction ?

Mr. Blair: That is easily provided for by an expansion
cushion parallel with the curb. I may say that I believe the
best illustration along those lines is at Paris, Illinois. There
they have ten miles of brick pavement. You won’t find a
place where the bond is broken by reason of carelessly put¬
ting in an expansion joint. There was one place of three or
four yards that pinched by reason of the fact that the ex¬
pansion cushions were not quite large enough so that the
brick chipped a little bit and broke the bond where the ex¬
pansion came. When the engineer discovered that, it was
appalling to him. The space certainly was not over three

CLHY RECORD

or four yards square. He said, “I will not have that happen
again as long as I have anything to do with the construc¬
tion of streets in Paris.” He said, “Now to get the con¬
ditions in streets that I do I am going to make the expan¬
sion cushions an inch and a half instead of an inch. I am
not going to run any risk.” He was a man who in order to
be perfectly sure went beyond what was ordinarily called
for.

President Stipes: Would you have the expansion joint
across the street also?

Mr. Robb: Down at Paris they have some excellent
streets. They put expansion joints across the street and
along the curb lines. An inch expansion joint. I think
that every fifty feet they run one across the street and the
full length of the street on the curb and around the corner.
So that there is nothing left undone by Paris to get good
construction.

Mr. Blackburn, the city engineer is a gentleman of leis¬
ure, you might say, but he is a worker and when you start
in to put a street in Paris he is there in the morning before
everybody, and when everybody has quit he is still there and
he watches all the time. All my men know what to do when
they ship brick to Paris. What would go in ninety-nine
cities out of a hundred is thrown out when it gets to Paris.
I don’t think that there is anything can be done to make a
pavement successful that is , not done under that construc¬
tion. The foundation is Portland cement and stone and
gravel. They use two measure of sand and one of stone
and one of gravel. That makes it very strong. We have
a foundation in our factory that is seven to one. I think
that street pavements could posibly be made this way thus
reducing the expense of the cement and they would be ab¬
solutely acceptable.

I want to speak of another thing that has come to mind.
In a city that I was in this winter they were putting a
sewer in the street and they took up a street crossing made
of No. 2 that was put in ten years ago with a sand filler.
It was the most prominent crossing in the city, and I am safe
•n saying that there was not one thirty-second of an inch
wear on that crossing and there was not an imperfect brick
taken out and it has been down ten years. It shed water
perfectly all that time.

Referring to my friend over here asking for a cheaper
construction I would say that there are soils where the
cheaper construction could be used and there are soils where
it cannot be usdd. Their engineer ought to be able to
answer that. \

Professor Talbot: I was very much interested in Mr.
Blair’s paper and also in the discussion on the subject. I
think that the attitude we have taken is correct, that is,
in favor of placing good material in the streets. I think
it is to the interest of brick manufacturers to put pavements
in that will give satisfactory service. I think we all realize
that the tests that are made on brick are for the purpose of
getting evidence to determine whether the brick should be
used. Those tests themselves may- not decide that and we
must shift the evidence. I think that we all appreciate the
lack of inspection, or the inferiority of inspection which is
frequently given in the construction of pavements. The
point which Mr. Blair brought out emphasizes that every

make of brick really requires a study to determine its good
and bad qualities, and the inspector, or the one in charge
of the pavement, should know the good and the bad quali¬
ties in the brick that he uses. Instead of using a hard and
fast rule for every kind of brick, he should know something
of the quality, the variations in the brick that he is going to
use. And the way to tell that of course, is to visit the yards
and see the process of manufacture. It strikes me that the
most important phase of this, and the one that will be the
most difficult to take up, is to secure proper inspectors of
brick pavements. It is difficult to find men who are capable
of doing that. A few years ago I made the suggestion that
paving brick might well be inspected at the place where they
are made, by companies engaged in doing that thing, some¬
what the same way as steel is inspected at the mills. To
do that, however, would require the training of men who
would be competent and experienced in this particular line.

President Stipes : I wish to appoint the committee on
nominations and will name the following members : D. C.
Haeger, of Dundee; L. H. Martin, of Dwight; Geo. J.
Walter, of Chatsworth.

CAN FIRST-CLASS PAVING BRICK BE MADE FROM ANY

KIND OF CLAY

Prof. Purdy: I would like the consideration of the as¬
sociation on the, question that I propounded to you: “Can
a first-class paving brick be made from any clay?” As in¬
troductory to this discussion I would like to state the con¬
ditions under which replies should be made.

( 1 ) Concerning the possibility of manufacturing a tech¬
nically perfect brick from any clay. That is, the particular
clay in any locality, of any description, and by proper ad¬
mixture make a paving brick that would be first-class ac¬
cording to Mr. Blair’s specification.

(2) Would such a proceedure be a commercial success?
Would it be possible commercially to so admix materials
with any clay and make a good paving brick?

Those two phases of the discussion are distinct. One is
a technical question wholly and the other is commercial.
It is more the technical question that we wish to have dis¬
cussed. The clay that after being burnt will bloat, no mat¬
ter how you burn it, could that clay be mixed with sand or
any other material and make a good paving brick? Can
any shale be so treated on a technical basis that in the end
we will have a good pavement? We go on the assumption
of course, that paving brick can be made from any clay.
That is. you can make it from glacial clay, or alluvial clay,
and we recognize the fact that the chance for commercial
success has more advantage in the shale and fire clay, and the
prospects for commercial success on glacial clay and al¬
luvial clay is very small. Those considerations are recog¬
nized. It is the technical question that we wish to have
your opinion on.

Mr. Barr: I think certainly that it would have to be a
very poor clay that could not be used, if you get 99% of
good clay to put with it. But, generally speaking, I think
there are a great many clays that would not make a good
paving brick.

Mr. Gates: I am reminded of an incident a good many
years ago, of a man who brought into Chicago some very
handsome vitrified brick and there was a company formed
with great display to manufacture them. I ran up against
a good many of those men and one of them got particularly

CLKY RECORD.

arrogant one day and said he was going to revolutionize
the business. When I mildly remarked that I supposed that
he understood what he was talking about, he replied, “there
is the brick." I said, “does it occur to you that if I go into
my factory to make a sample brick, I will probably do it, al¬
though it may take months and money to do it. That brick
you have shows that it can be made. But the commercial
success depends upon whether it can be made in large quan¬
tities at small cost.”

1 suppose, as Mr. Barr says, if there is 99% of good
clay mixed with the other that brick can be made. I sup¬
pose that a good paving brick could be made out of very
many clays, that would not be commercially successful. I
notice that Mr. Purdy separates those questions. I have
seen clays that would make a good paving brick but would
not stand to a point where you could make them commer¬
cially successful.

Mr. Robb: We often find out at the end of the year
that we have made paving brick but have not made them
commercially. Mr. Purdy puts those two propositions en¬
tirely apart. I agree with Mr. Barr that there are no clays
that could not make paving brick, but there are clays where
you could not make them commercially successful at the
present prices.

Prof. Purdy : Mr. Stipes has had some experience in this
line as I know, because I have discussed this subject with
him before.

President Stipes : I think that is the reason why Mr.
Purdy is asking these questions. We have here in the city
of Champaign and Urbana probably about five miles of
brick paved streets that are built from common building
brick. That is, it is a surface clay. The brick that are put
in the pavements, of course, are the hard brick. They are
burnt in the common up-draft kiln. Some of those bricks
have been in the streets now for fourteen years and show
very little wear. Yet at the same time you would not handle
a thousand of them, in the best way that you could handle
them, unless you broke at least one out of every twenty.
They break in putting them dowm. But when they are down
in the street they seem to wear exceedingly well. I do not
know how many miles of sidewalks we have or how many
crossings. I heard Mr. Robb make the remark that he took
up a crossing with only cinders under it. We have hundreds
here that have been down fifteen to eighteen years ; they
were laid down in the mud, and you know what we have
here of that kind. When they put the first one down I had
an idea that after the first big rain we would be looking
for it. Those brick crossings are built out of arch brick.
That has been our experience here. Now when we were
burning those brick for paving brick, 1 presumed that we
would not utilize, I would say, 70% of that kind of brick;
that is, brick that would do to go into the streets. We have
only two-course work. For the course underneath we
would take' brick that wasn’t quite so good and select the
better brick for the top, and also for 30 or 40% of the brick
that are left they could be used for building. That has been
my experience here, and I think we have a very poor clay
here. It is clay that is very difficult to dry and burn. It
takes from twelve to fourteen days to burn it. A great
many of you 'gentlemen think that is a long time, but that
is the time it takes.

Prof. Purdy: President Stipes, you have demonstrated
the fact, as we all know, that the paving brick can be made
of glacial clay, but whether it can be made of common clay
is not the subject that I wish to have before the house, but
the question of whether you can go to any part of your
clay bank and get clay that can be used for paving brick.
Could you take the clay right next to your factory and

make a good paving brick?

President Stipes: No, we have not been able to make
even ->a builder out of it.

Prof. Purdy: No, but can you take any of your glacier
clay and make a paving brick ?

President Stipes: We have not Wen able to say that we
could do that yet. I wish' we could.

Prof. Purdy: That is the proposition if there was. any
way that you could mix other clay with your clay, you could
make a good brick. But it is doubtful whether you could
so mix your clay right next to your factory with any other
clay and make a good paver. You say No.

President Stipes : I say no, that up to this time we have
never been able to find anything that was good. Even to
a builder.

Mr. Barr : You are speaking of the brick at Bloom¬
ington and a number of other places that were used for
pavers. And they did seem good. Yet I don’t believe that
anybody today would consider that they came under the
head of a first-class paver.

Mr. Robb: Don't you believe that from any clay bank
„you can take out a cubic yard and make some paver ?

Prof. Purdy : The most popular material is shale. In
Ohio, however, paving brick plants are using fire clay for
paving brick ; it does not follow that all are fire clay can
be used for paving. Because some plants are using glacial
clay, it does not follow that all glacial clay can be used for
paving-. There is in a clay some property, perhaps it is
chemical, perhaps it is physical, that it must have before
it can be used as a paving brick material. In fact, it may
be said that it must have a certain combination of proper¬
ties before it can be used as a builder even. It is not a
question of its geological age, or its distribution, whether it
is in the Ohio Valley or on the mountain top; it is whether
it contains these properties. If it does not contain these
properties, we have learned that it is very seldom that those
properties can be added to it by admixtures.

Mr. Blair: I suppose, Mr. Chairman, that the technical
question that the professor refers to is a question that can
hardly be answered at all with our limited knowledge. I
have experimented with various kinds of clays and I have
found clay that when put in the fire and subjected to heat,
there would not be anything left of it at all. I have found
various kinds of clays that in handling them and working
with them they produced all kinds of results. I never saw
very many kinds of clay that would make paving brick at
all. There is scarcely any paving brick manufacturer in
this country who does not have to separate more or less
the material in his clay bank in order to make paving brick.
I have talked with men who have studied the Chinese wall.
The conclusion reached was that the brick in that wall were
made of clays found along the line of the wall. They did not
make the brick in one place or in a few places, but they
• made the brick out of the clay as they found it in various
places along the wall. That' is the brick came from almost
as many places as there are miles in that wall. I am told
that the condition of that wall is such that there are many
vitrified brick in it. There are sections in the wall that show
as good brick today as we make for paving. Such sections
of that wall are in as good condition as though they were
put up yesterday. Other places have almost rotted down.
We find very much the same things around us. There are
brick made from one end of this land to the other, of all
kinds and qualities. Some good, and some we recognize
as the very best. But we know that there are to be found
clavs that you cannot make a brick out of at all.

An adjournment was taken to 2 o’clock P. M.

CLAY RECORD

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them:

840,107. Clay-Mill. Thomas R. Brittain, Akron, Ohio.
Filed Apr. 25, 1906. Serial No. 313,615.

Claim — The combination in a device of the class de¬
scribed, of a cylinder provided at one end with a contracted
opening, a mandrel mounted in said cylinder provided with
spirally-arranged members projecting therefrom, the in¬
terior of said cylinder being provided with a plurality of
circumferential grooves having outlets and a layer of fil¬
tering material adapted to form a lining for said cylinder,

means for retaining said lining in position and means for
introducing to the interior of the cylinder a suitable matter
in solution.

A device of the class described, comprising in combina¬
tion an elongated divided cylinder provided with a contract¬
ed opening at one end and further provided with interiorly-
arranged circumferential grooves having outlets extending
therefrom through the wall of said cylinder, a foraminous
or reticulated lining for said cylinder adapted to be retained
in position bv being clamped between the contracting edges
of the parts of said cylinder, a mandrel mounted for rota¬
tion in said cylinder, means for rotating said cylinder, and
means carried by said mandrel for forcing!' material placed
in said cylinder through the contracted opening in the end
thereof and expressing the aqueous moisture through said
lining.

839.635. Tile-Machine. Luke R. Peck, Caro, Mich., as¬
signor of one-half to Charles O. Thomas, Caro, Mich. Filed
June 6, 1906. Serial No. 320,402.

Claim — The combination with a cylindrical mold-shell
and a core within said shell with a space between, of a hol¬
low cylindrical feed member of a length equal to that of the
mold to fit over the core and fill the space and having a
spiral groove extending throughout its length, and means
for turning said member.

The combination with a base, of a mold on said base con¬
sisting of a vertical cylindrical core secured to the base
and a removable mold-shell surrounding said core with a
space between, a vertically-extending supporting-shaft on
the base, revoluble brackets on said shaft, a hopper having
an opening in its bottom equal to the internal diameter of
the shell and supported adjacent to the upper end of said
shell by one of said brackets, a feed member of a diameter
to fit within the opening in the bottom of the hopper and
within the space between the core and shell and provided
with a spiral feed-groove of a length equal to or greater than
the length of the mold, a vertically-extending shaft on the
upper end of said feed member engaging bearings on one
of the said brackets and free to move longitudinally in said
bearings to raise the feed member out of the mold with its
lower end within the opening in the hopper and to turn with
the hopper from over the mold, and means for turning the
shaft of the feed member.

12,586. Cement-Pipe Mold. Levi Shell, Sibley, Iowa.
Filed Apr. 27, 1906. Serial No. 314,099. Original No.
778,907, dated Jan. 3, 1905.

Claim — In a mold for manufacturing cement pipe, a split
outer shell having overlapping terminals, means for expand¬
ing and contracting said shell, an inner shell spaced from
the outer shell and also provided with overlapping terminals.

brackets rigidly secured to the interior walls of the inner
shell, studs carried by the brackets, rods forming a pivotal
connection between said studs and the inner lapping end of
the inner shell, jointed bars connecting the inner lapping
and outer lapping portions of said inner shell, and means for
moving said bars laterally to thereby cause the expansion
and contraction of the inner shell.

In a mold for manufacturing cement pipe, a base pro¬
vided with an annular stop-rib, a split outer shell seated on
the base and having overlapping terminals, an inner shell
spaced from the outer shell and also provided with ’over¬
lapping terminals, brackets rigidly secured to the interior
walls of the inner shell, studs carried by the brackets, rods
forming a pivotal connection between said studs and the
inner lapping end of the inner shell, jointed bars connecting
the inner lapping and outer lapping portions of said inner
shell, means for moving said bars laterally to thereby cause
the expansion and contraction of said inner shell, a crank¬
shaft mounted for rotation on one terminal of the outer
shell, a pivotal connection between said crank-shaft and the
opposite terminal of the outer shell, and means for rotating
said shaft to draw the outer shell into engagement with the
stop-rib of said base.

840.559- Process of Firing Porcelain. Carleton Ellis,
White Plains, N. Y. Filed Jan. 4, 1906. Serial No. 294,513.

Claim — The process of firing ceramic ware which con¬
sists in placing such ware within a suitable inclosing cham¬
ber and applying heat by circulating around such cham-
a body of burning gases free from unoxidized carbon, the
combustion in such gas body occurring in substantially the
entire portion of such body which is in the vicinity of such
chamber.

The process of firing ceramic ware which consists in plac¬
ing such ware within a space separated from a combustion-
space by a porous heat-radiating wall, and circulating
through such combustion-space a body of burning gases
free from unoxidized carbon and comprising1' a mixture of
combustible gas, oxygen, and combustion-retarding gas,
combustion in such gas body occurring in substantially the
entire portion of such body which is in said combustion-
space in the vicinity of the ware being burned.

839,832. Manufacturing Bricks, &c. Albert A. Gery.
Reading, Pa. Filed Jan. 24, 1905. Serial No. 242.500.

Claim — The improvement in continuously drying, burn¬
ing and cooling brick and the like in a single tunnel-kiln
which consists in producing a current of air beneath the
brick-supporting floor-surface from the exit end thereto to
the entrance end, and utilizing said current to successively
abstract heat from the outgoing floor-sections and to indi¬
rectly and directly heat the incoming brick.

The combination with a tunnel-kiln and a movable brick
carrying floor therefor made up of hollow sections forming
a continuous longitudinal subsurface air-passage of means
for creating an air-current through said passage in reverse
direction to the floor movement, and means for delivering
said air into the entrance portion of the tunnel comprising

a delivery-conduit extending into the tunnel and a movable
connection between said delivery-conduit and a fixed con¬
duit, substantially as set forth.

839>94 Machine for Molding Plastic Materials. Al¬
fred Lutze, Halle-on-the-Saale, Germany. Filed Jan. 13,
1906. Serial No. 205,939.

Claim — In a machine for molding plastic materials the
combination of a feed-chamber having a discharge-aperture,
means for compressing the material in said chamber and
forcing same toward the discharge-aperture, a mold in com¬
munication with said discharge-aperture, a rotable drum
carrying said mold and having an outlet, a reciprocating
plunger in the molds forming the bottom thereof, a recipro-

catable block controlled by a weight and extending into the
feed-chamber, mechanism for periodically rotating the drum
mechanisms for reciprocating the plunger, means in connec¬
tion with the block aforesaid for putting said plunger-recip¬
rocating mechanism into and out of action and means for
locking said block at intervals substantially as described.

THE HART COUNTERS FOR CLAY MANU¬
FACTURERS

A very valuable auxiliary to the brick and tile manufac¬
turers has of late been adopted by some of the best up-to-
date brick makers in the country. A device known as a reg¬
ister or counter which can be attached to the machine and a
record easily made of all the brick or tile made during the
day. Where these counters are used it becomes an in¬
centive for one workman to produce as many as his com¬
rade.

These counters are now being adopted on stamping, sew¬
ing and stitching counters so the manufacturer can easily
see what a person can produce and wages by incompetent
help easily regulated, for one employe will see that he must
make an average run before he can expect to be advanced
in wages. Many other valuable ideas are developed by
the use of these little machines. We think the first one ever
ofifered to the brick and tile trade was by R. A. Hart of
Battle Creek, Mich.

GLHY RECORD.

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company,

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor.

SUBSCRIPTIONS.

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States, Canada or Mexico
and one dollar fifty cents for all other foreign countries.

Papers are not stopped at the end of subscriptions unless the sub*
scribers order them so and pay up the arrearages.

ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POST OFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTKRc

It — - - ■ —

Vol. XXX. FEBRUARY 14, 1907. No. 3

“I like to read American advertisements. They are in
themselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.” — William E. Gladstone.

CONVENTIONS

The Seventh annual convention of the Wisconsin Clay
Workers’ association will be held at Madison February 27,
28 and March 1, 1907.

Any fool can catch on but it takes a wise man to let go.

Some rules are so poor that they will not work either
way.

Before casting the bread upon the waters some people
tie a string to it.

A just man can run up his own business without running
his neighbor’s business down.

It s easy to convince the world that you have sense if you
have an unusually large number of dollars.

And when a man bumps up against hard luck he always
blames some other fellow for shoving him.

Subscribe now for the Clay Record and, get the only semi¬
monthly clay journal that is printed in America. You can
get the news before it is two or even three months old. Who
wants to read what your neighbor did last fall or before
Christmas. Be up-to-date. It will cost you only one dol¬
lar to read this kind of a journal for one year.

In the keen competition now noticeable among various
paving materials, vitrified brick has a number of ardent ad¬
mirers. It is being installed in many places where it is
giving excellent satisfaction, and some attention has been
attracted to it from sources outside of this country.

A itrified brick, to be successful for paving purposes,
should he reasonably perfect in shape, free from warping,
so as to fit closely together and make a smooth pavement ;
they should he hard to resist the crushing action of the
wheels of vehicles, and tough to resist the action of traffic,
and should he homogeneous in texture and uniform in shape
so as to insure an even wearing surface.

Cut important as are these essential features of the vitri¬
fied brick itself, equally important is the proper method of
laving them to insure the best results. The first essential
point in this respect is evenness, and to obtain this it is
necessary to begin at the very foundation and work upward,
lo prepare the foundation properly, the earth should be
excavated to within two inches of the subgrade, which
should then be rolled to an even grade by a roller of between
five and eight tons weight. When it is necessary to apply
earth in embankment it should be put on in layers of eight-
inch thickness and each layer thoroughly rolled, but in
either case a uniform density must be preserved.

Should the subsoil he of clay, tiled drains should be laid
to carry off the water. After rolling, the subgrade should
he laid off in five-foot squares with a stake at each corner
to mark the top surface of the concrete. The concrete,
composed of crushed stone, clean sharp sand, and Port¬
land cement, thoroughly mixed, is then applied and stamped
until free mortar appears on the surface. After a reason¬
able time, about 36 hours, is allowed for hardening, sand
two inches thick should be uniformly spread over the con¬
crete surface to form a cushion for the brick.

1 he bnck 1S then laid in straight lines across the road¬
way, and should then be rolled with a five-ton steam roller
until they are thoroughly imbedded and present a smooth,
even and uniform surface. A filler compound of equal
parts of clean sharp sand and Portland cement mixed to a
consistency of cream should then be applied with steel
brooms into the joints of the brick until the surface is
nought to a perfect level, after which a coating of sand is

put on and the pavement kept free from traffic for about 10
days.

- ♦♦♦ -

WISCONSIN BRICKMAKERS GET A BETTER
FREIGHT RATE ON BRICK

Manitowoc, Wis.— Railroads of the state offer reduction
in freight rates in Wisconsin and to increase rates out of
C hicago on brick, in a new schedule that has been submitted
to G. W. Kennedy, this city, as chairman of a grievance

committee, named by the Wisconsin Claymakers’ associa¬
tion.

A reduction of 40 cents per 1,000 in Wisconsin and an
advance of from 40 cents to 60 cents per 1,000 from Chica¬
go is provided. There is no certainty that the schedule will
be accepted.

LKY RECORD

OBITUARY

Captain W. P. Anderson, one of Bibb county’s (Ga.) old¬
est and highly respected citizens, died of pneumonia at his
home in Macon. He was born in 1835 and operated a brick
business for the last 25 years.

David Dibert, for ten years the manager of the Diebert
Brick Works at Pittsburg, Pa., died at his home 5628
Margarette St. He was 30 years old, and is survived by
his widow, four sisters and three brothers.

B. F. Smith, who has conducted a brickyard at Anamosa,
Iowa, since 1869, died at his home. He was born in New
Hampshire in 1830, and has been gradually failing for over
a year.

- ♦«»

BRICK COST $12.50 IN GOLDEN GATE CITY

The price of brick at San Francisco, Cali., has been
raised to $12.50 per thousand and from $10, the price which
has ruled for a long time past. The brick industry of San
Francisco is in the hands of four concerns, two of which

are located in that city.

EDWARD C. STOVER BRIEFLY REVIEWS
BOOK JUST PUBLISHED BY
HEINRICH RIES, PH. D.

Those interested in any branch of the clay industries,
from owners of clay properties, miners and shippers of
clays, to the manufacturer of ceramic product in any form,
in fact, any worker in or user of clay, will be glad to learn
that there has just appeared another valuable addition
to the literature on this interesting subject. It is “Clays,”
their occurrence, properties and uses, with special refer¬
ence to those of the United States ; by Heinrich Ries, Ph.
D., assistant professor of economic geology in Cornell uni¬
versity, Fellow of the Geological Society of America, Mem¬
ber of the American Ceramic Society, Member of the Amer¬
ican Institute of Mining Engineers, author of Economic
Geology of the United States, 8 vo, xxi plus 490 pages,
sixty-five figures, fourty-four plates, published by John
Wiley & Sons, New York.

This book fills a long-felt want by putting in one volume
for easy and quick reference much valuable data heretofore
only available by a diligent search of many volumes. To
this has been added much new and valuable information on
the subject treated.

The chapters on origin of clays, chemical properties of
clays, physical properties of clays and kinds of clays are
all new, and written and illustrated in Dr. Ries’s very best
style. To those interested this should appeal, as Dr. Ries’s
reputation has long since been earned by the high class of
work he has produced along this and kindred lines in the
past.

His illustrations and descriptions of new machinery,
methods of handling, etc., will be found very interesting
and instructive.

The classification of clays by States, with every detail,
will answer many queries.

The volume is handsomely printed on fine paper, bound
in cloth, and can be supplied by the Clay Record at $5

net. '

FIRE! FIRE! FIRE!

The plant of the Banner Clay Works at Edwardsville,
Ill., was completely destroyed bv fire. Dr. Jules Baron,
coroner at St. Louis, Mo., is the president of the company.
The loss is estimated at $100,000. Plant will be rebuilt at

once.

The plant of the Imperial Porcelain Works at Trenton,
N. J., was completely destroyed by fire causing a loss of

$100,000.

Fire in the clay chute at the Card & Prosser Coal & Clay
Works, Lisbon. Ohio, caused loss to several thousand dol¬
lars.

Fire destroyed the roof of the building at the brick yard
of Henry Bender, at West Seneca, N. Y. The office of the
company is 40 Jones St., Buffalo. N. Y.

A fire entailing a loss of over $60,000 swept Manown
(Pa.) Manufacturing Co.’s brick plant, destroying all the
buildings. No insurance.

- -

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES

1 The attorneys for the Bank of Pittsbury (Pa.) have asked
for a temporary receiver for the Reese-Hammond Fire Brick
Co., of Bolivar, Pa.

Philip Garvey, an employe of the Manitowoc (Wis.)
Clay Product Co., died without gainirig consciousness as a
result of an injury to fiis skull caused by a fall.

Harvey Conrad sued the Keller Brick Co., Akron, O., for
$20,000 damages for the loss of a leg, and this week the
jury granted him damages to the amount of $1,500.

William Glimpse, owner of a brick yard at Deer Creek,
Ill., is suing John S. Stumbaugh for $10,000 damages on
account of complications which have arisen regarding a
partnership.

George Neff, an employe of the Springfield (Ill.) Paving
Brick Co., was seriously injured by being caught in a rope
attached to the machinery, and thrown into the air and frac¬
tured his skull.

E. T. Martin, secretary of the Jefferson Brick Co., Birm¬
ingham, Ala., was recently found $15,706 short in his ac¬
counts. He is said to have admitted same and stated that it
was lost in gambling.

Lewis Ungemach, an employe of the Ransbottom Pottery
at Roseville, Ohio, was seriously burned. While inside of
one of the boilers with a torch he accidentally turned on the
gas valve which they were removing.

The McNeil Pressed Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo., has se¬
cured a judgment against the Standard Life and Accident
Insurance Co., Detroit, Mich., for failure to protect and
to make their idemnity contract good.

The grand jury at Rome, Ga.,, has indicted R. F. Hemp¬
hill, president of the Atlanta (Ga.) Fireproofing Co., for
making a false statement in order to receive his money on
a contract. A warrant has been issued for his arrest.

The judge of the court at Sioux City, la., took the case
from the jury and decided that Nancy L. Vaughn should
receive no damages for the death of her husband. No evi¬
dence was given showing his death was the fault of the com¬
pany.

GLMY RECOKU

;.G

BANNER CLAY WORKS AT EDWARDSVILLE

BURNED

The plant of the Banner clay works, located south of the
city limits of Edwardsville, Ill., and owned by St. Louis
men, was practically destroyed by fire. The cause of the
conflagration is not known, but it is supposed that gas em¬
anating from the kilns came in contact with a burning torch,
causing an explosion. The fire protection of the plant was
inadequate to handle the blaze, and it spread rapidly, com¬
municating with adjoining buildings, which were all con¬
nected. The Edwardsville fire company responded to the
alarm, but on account of no hydrants in the vicinity, was
unable to render any assistance.

The boiler room, engine room, machine department and
press building Were totally destroyed, the drying department
and kilns being saved only by tearing down the connections
between them and the other departments. The principal
loss is in machinery. The loss to the company can not be
definitely ascertained until a thorough investigation is made,
but it is estimated at $100,000. Dr. Jules Baron, coroner
of St. Louis is president of the company. . The following
American machinery is in use in this plant :

One special giant brick machine, one No. 20 automatic
brick cutter, one No. 29 pug mill 16 feet long, two dry
pans, two eagle double mould repress, one waste heat dryer
and cars. These machines were built in the shops of The
American Clay Machinery Company, Bucyrus, Ohio.

The capital stock of the concern was $150,000. The fol¬
lowing stockholders, with the exception of O. T. Dunlap,
are residents of St. Louis: J. A. Hartman, William C.
Loffler, J. C. Link, Jules Baron, I). L. Hockdoefer, C. W.
Meyer, Mrs. L Zoellner, P. S. Hentel, E. J. Kropp, Mrs.
A. E. Kropp, Charles Granber, J. Schallut, E. W. Clemens,
C. V. Coelln, M. Bozard, H. Lowenstein, G. Wackerlin,
Wm. Loeffler and F. L. Lath.

Some men spend more time trying to avenge their fancied
wrongs than they do in trying to keep within their rights.

- -

RHODE ISLAND PROMOTERS AGAIN AT¬
TEMPTING TO FORM A SOUTHERN
NEW ENGLAND COMBINE

New Britain, Conn. — Negotiations designed to induce
the local brick-manufacturing concerns to join a proposed
brick merger have been renewed this week. The Rhode Is¬
land promoters, who are trying to organize a combine to in¬
clude the principal establishments in southern New England
have been interviewing New Britain manufacturers. They
attempted about a year ago to form a trust, but the local
manufacturers rejected the proposition. The present terms
which the promoters offer are, in the main, similar to those
formerly offered.

The proposal has been taken under consideration by the
Central Brick Exchange, which includes in its membership
most of the larger plants in this locality. It is understood
that several of the manufacturers are inclined to favor the
plan and they are disposed to favor the terms with some
modifications. Enough encouragement has been received
by the promoters so that negotiations will be continued,
and there is some likelihood that the proposed merger will
be effected within a few months. The plants in the Central
exchange have an annual output of about 75,000,000 brick.

THE IDEAL COMPANY HAVE ONLY VALID
PATENT COVERING FACE-DOWN CON¬
CRETE BLOCK MACHINERY

A recent court decision at London, Ont., rendered in favor
of the Ideal Concrete Machinery Company of South Bend,
Ind., leaves this concern in practical control of the manu¬
facture and sale of face down, horizontal core concrete block
machinery.

The patent, the validity of which is now so firmly estab¬
lished, was acquired from the original inventors, Messrs.
Borst and Croscop, by the Ideal Concrete Machinery Com¬
pany, and thoroughly covers the process of manufacture of
face-down concrete building blocks.

Early last spring, Mr. Henry Pocock, of London, Ontario,
opened negotiations for the purchase of rights of manufac¬
ture of the Ideal machine under the Canadian patent. After
a visit to the Ideal Company’s factory at South Bend, and
an examination of the Ideal machine and the method of its
manufacture, negotiations were suddenly broken off. Mr.
Pocock returned to Canada, and after constructing a ma¬
chine similar to the Ideal, sought to patent it. In August
last he began offering this machine for sale. The Ideal
Concrete Machinery Company learned of this, and imme¬
diately sought an injunction of court, restraining Mr. Po¬
cock from making, selling or dealing in the machine, al¬
leging that it was a wholesale appropriation of their in¬
vention with some changes and complicating additions. The
decision just rendered is the result.

After a trial lasting nearly three days, in which expert
evidence was introduced from Toronto, Detroit, Fort
Wayne, Audubon, Inch, and London, Ont., the court gave
a clear and exhaustive summing up of the contentions of* the
parties in which it was declared that the plaintiff’s patent
was a good and valid one, thoroughly protecting the inven¬
tion sought to be covered by it. It was held that the ma¬
chine sold by Pocock was an infringement on the rights of
the plaintiff, and the defendant was enjoined from ever
again, at any time, making, selling or in any way dealing
with the machine in question. Plaintiff was given costs of
action, and all orders for the infringing machine taken since
the interim injunction was granted in September.

The Ideal Company is arranging to enlarge their plant at
South Bend, Ind., for the manufacture of the Ideal Ma¬
chine, and is opening a large plant at London, Ontario, for
the manufacture of Ideal Machines for the Canadian trade.

BONDHOLDERS CONVERT THEIR HOLDINGS
INTO PREFERRED STOCK

The bondholders of the United States Brick Company,
Reading, Pa., determined to convert the bonds of the com¬
pany into preferred stock, thus relieving the company of
fixed charges and at the same time enhancing the value of
the bondholders’ investment by securing a participation in
the general operation of the company. A bondholder said :
“This action was based upon somewhat similar considera¬
tions to those which led to a conversion of bonds of the
Lnited States Steel Corporation into preferred stock sev¬
eral years ago, which action proved beneficial to both parties.
An industrial corporation without a bonded debt is so well
fixed in its business and so independent in its action and
free from the perils of changing conditions in trade that all
parties interested in it are better off. Bondholders as well
as stockholders are dependent upon the prosperity of the
business and that prosperity is best assured by being free
from fixed charges and by enabling the company to dis¬
tribute its earnings according to good business rules and
not upon the demand for payments at stated times without
regard to business conditions.”

CLAY RECORD.

PRUSSING LET OUT OF THE ILLINOIS BRICK

COMPANY

George C. Prussing is no longer president of the Illinois
Ilrick company, which, under his direction, was so mis¬
managed last year that the surplus showed a deficit of $26,-
011 in a season of prosperity and the earnings were only
3i/2 per cent on the $4,000,000 capital, on which a dividend
of 4 per cent, was paid. Necessarily the dividend rate was
reduced from a 6 to a 4 per cent, basis.

At the annual election George C. Prussing retired as pres¬
ident and C. D. B. Howell, one of the practical brickmakers
of the directory, was chosen in his place. A. J. Weckler
retired as vice-president and C. B. Ver Nooy, the auditor,
was placed in the position. J. H. Gray succeeds Mr. Howell
as treasurer. William Schlake was re-elected secretary.
Messrs. Lamson, Potter and Gray, the retiring directors,
were re-elected.

A comparison of the earnings tells the reasons for Mr.
Prussing’s dismissal :

1906. 1905. 1904. 1903.

Net profits . $113,989 $505,291 $314,000 $168,336

Dividends . 140,000 248,434 205,294

Surplus . 230,845 256,857 108,707 168,236

The balance sheet exhibits a loss of $26,011 in the surplus
as a result of the price-cutting war inaugurated by former
President Prussing in an effort to stamp out competition.
During the past year brick prices were reduced as low as
$3.50 a thousand for product which cost $2.90 to make,
which resulted in the brick trust losing 50 cents a thousand
cn every transaction, while their competitors did not lower
their prices below $5, compared with $8, the figure at which
the trust had previously held its output prior to the appear¬
ance of competition.

The balance sheet compares with last year as follows :

ASSETS.

Dec. 31, ’06. Dec. 31/05.

Real estate .

. $1,069,109

$1,078,209

Plants .

. 2,550,607

2,557,307

Bills receivable . . .

. , . 393’°21

370.808

Materials .

. 291,945

377,814

Cash .

. 93 >806

46,788

Total .

. $4,398,488

LIABILITIES.

$4,430,896

Stock .

$4,000,000

Payable .

1 14,039

Dividends .

. : . 40,000

60,000

Surplus .

. 230,846

256,857

Total .

. $4,398,488

$4430,896

In explaining the deficit exhibited in the surplus, the di¬
rectors stated that $95,200 was expended for permanent
betterments and improvements, and does not appear in the

surplus.

At the annual meeting of stockholders of the company
the following were elected for directors of the corporation
for a period of three years : S. W. Lamson, E. C. Potter,
J. H. Gray. A. J. Weckler retired from the board and the
vice-presidency.

DECLARES 1907 WILL BE BIG YEAR

Wilson Ferguson, Treasurer of the Montello Brick
Works, Reading, Pa., said that the output of the Montello
group of plants for 1906 was 100,000,000 bricks, which is
26,000,000 ahead of 1905- Including the plants controlled
by the United States Brick Company, among them the
Reading Shale, Middletown, Mt. Gretna and Kaaterskill,
the total output, he said, was 150,000,000, a total increase
of about 50,000,000 over 1905, including the Montello
group. The sales for use in Reading exclusively amounted
to 35,000,000. Of the total product, 90 per cent, were com¬
mon and the balance fancy bricks. The shipments were
principally to points within 100 miles’ radius of Reading.
Mr. Ferguson declared it to be the Montello’s greatest year
and was hopeful of a still better one in 1907.

. 4«» -

A NEW SELLING AGENCY AT MEMPHIS

The Memphis (Tenn.) Brick Supply company has made
application for a charter, with a capital stock of $40,000.
The incorporators are G. W. Macrae, O. H. P. Piper, R.
A. Speed, Frank H. Reid and John J. Bishop.

The new concern will handle the product of the Tenn¬
essee Brick company, and will take agencies for building
material, cement, terra cotta, etc. The stockholders of the
' Memphis Brick Supply company and the Tennessee Brick
company are practically the same, and the organization of
the company is effected simply to divide the business with
the parent company, to handle the work and add to its busi¬
ness the sale of paving supplies.

The new company will not erect a plant, but will simply
establish offices in some centrally located up-town building,
where sales will be made and orders taken.

■ • »

WILL PUT UP A BIG BRICK PLANT NEAR

PARR’S RUN

Several representatives of the Bituminous Coal Company
of New York were in Moundsville, W. Va., for the pur¬
pose of inspecting the company’s mine on Parr’s Run. All
of the party are interested financially in the company and
were well pleased and satisfied with the progress and con¬
ditions of their property here.

At present there are about thirty men employed at the
mine, the shaft of which has been sunk to a depth of 190
feet, and which will be drilled to a total depth of about
300 feet.

The principal object of the visit of the party was to de¬
cide on a site for the erection of a large brick plant, the
probable location of which will be near the Parr’s Run
mine. This will be operated separately from the coal com¬
pany, but will be backed by those connected with the bi¬
tuminous people. J. J. Terluine will be president and man¬
ager of the brick plant, but as yet no other officers have
been named. Following are those who were here and who
will figure prominently in the new movement: J. J. Ter-
hune, H. L. Rhomson, M. L. Malmros, O. O. Etline, W. C.
Trinner, IT. PI. Luvinan, Dr. B. Balcom.fi Charles Foster.
Mr. Hichinson and G. A. Christianv, the company’s attor¬
ney. They expect to have the plant ready for operation
by March and will employ several hundred men at the
new works.

GLKY RBGOHD,

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS

Sia’s cement brick factory at Midland, Mich., has been
forced to close down on account of the high water.

The Jamaica (N. Y.) Brick & Concrete Construction Co.
has been organized with $5 000 capital. Directors are Phil¬
lip Grass, W. A. Smith and E. R. Clark of Jamaica.

The Milholland Brick Co., Marion. Ohio, which went into
the hands of a receiver some time ago, has sold its plant to
Lenox Reber for $14,000. Mr. Reber will put the plant
in operation at once.

The Hydraulic Stone & Brick Co., Milwaukee, \\ is., has
amended its charter decreasing its capital stock from $80,-
coo to $40,000, and moving its place of business to West
Bend and increasing the directors from three to five.

William Winter, of the Muskegon (Mich.) Cement Stone
Co., is experimenting with cement brick in order to get a
white instead of a gray brick. He is using lime to accomp¬
lish the purpose, claiming that the gray brick are objection¬
able to many.

The plant of Ft. Wayne '(Ind.) Pressed Brick Co. was
forced to idleness on account of the floods in the St. Mary s
river, which so wet the sand that it was impossible to oper¬
ate it. The company are behind in orders to the extent of
4,000,000 brick.

Frank M. Sears will build at Schnectady, N. Y. a sand
lime brick plant for the American Sandstone Brick Ma¬
chinery Co., of Saginaw, Mich, who have the contract for
the building of a flat. Mr. Sears has been for the past
year at Peterboro, Ontario.

The Lake Superior Sandstone Brick Co., Hancock, Mich.,
recently elected the following directors : Charles Briggs,
P. P. Roehm, Fred Smith, J. W. Wyckoff and J. T. Reeder.
They have rebuilt their plant but now will double the capa¬
city, and work a day and night shift.

Edward Johnson, of the Sioux balls (S. Dak.) Pressed
Brick Co., is to build a $25,000 sand lime brick plant at
Watertown, S. Dak. The machinery has already been pur¬
chased from parties in Indiana and the plant will be made
ready for operation as soon as possible.

The' George A. Smith property at Ballston Spa, N. Y.,
has been sold by David Lyon of Schnectady, to a syndicate
of New York capitalists who are represented by E. A. Kast-
enhubero, and it is announced that the new owners will
build a large sand lime brick works using the sand on the
property.

The Virginia Sand Lime Brick Co., Newport News, Va.,
has been incorporated with $25,000 capital stock. The of¬
ficers are T. M. Benson, president; J. T. Reed, vice-presi¬
dent and general manager, and W. H. Kellogg, secretary
and treasurer. A site has been secured and a 20,000 brick
capacity plant will be built at once.

Rapid progress is being made on the building of the Grant
Brick Co.’s plant at the foot of Bay Forty Seventh St.,
Gravesend, L. I., N. Y. Sidney Grant is president and his
partner, C. J. Grant, is treasurer. The machinery will be
made in Chattanooga, Tenn.. and the scheme is to convert
the ocean sand into sand lime brick. Five rotary presses will
be used, making 240,000 brick daily. They expect to turn
out brick by May 1st.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

The McArthur (O.) Brick Co. has increased its capital
stock to $100,000.

The Benton (Ill.) Brick Co. has been incorporated with
$15,000 capital stock.

The new brick making plant at Saltillo, Mexico, will be
put into operation in February.

lames S. Fitzgerald, Lenoir City, Tenn., wants informa¬
tion and prices on a brick making plant.

The Hilton Brick Works on West Front St., Dunkirk,
N. Y., will soon be the property of the Dunkirk Ice & Fuel
Co.

J. E. Sullivan, Gillette, Wyoming, has ordered machin¬
ery and will establish a large brick making plant at that
place.

The Denton (Ky.) Plastic Fire Clay Co., has been in¬
corporated witli $6,000 capital stock. The plant will be in
Boyd county.

The Hammond (La.) Brick Co., Ltd., is in the market
for a high grade automatic engine and 150 horse power
water tube boiler.

Meredith & Croninger, Hartford City, Ind., who have
manufactured tile for several years will put in additional
facilities and make building brick.

Carl Strahle, proprietor of the Stanton (Neb.) Brick
Works, has decided on an up-to-date improvement to his
plant. A new dryer and kilns will be added.

The Kontite Brick & Development Co., Denver, Colo.,
has been incorporated with $30,000 capital stock. Directors
are Robt. F. Hunter, M. A. McCarren and Tad Danford.

The Martin County Brick & Tile Co has been incor¬
porated with $4,000 capital stock at Williamston, N. C.,
by W. H. Adkins, W. S. Barnhill, J. G. Barnhill and others.

The Western Brick & Supply Co., Hastings, Nebr., has
been incorporated with $100,000 capital stock by A. L.
Clarke, C. B. Hutton, G. J. Evans, A. H. Farrens, and
George Wilkes.

The Lindenwald Brick Co., Hamilton, Ohio, has been or¬
ganized with $15,000 capital stock. Incorporators are
Frank X. Duerr, Henry Pater, George Pater, B. R. Milli-
kin and Robt. N. Shotts.

The United Porcelain Face Brick Co., Newark, N. J.,
has been incorporated with $500,000 capital stock. The
incorporators are W. P. Meeker. 139 W. Kinney St., Ed.
S. Rankin, J. S. Meeker and J. T. Roth.

The Kentucky Red Brick Co., to be incorporated, has
leased land on the Lexington & Eastern Ry. at Lexington,
Ky., and will establish a brick making plant. Col. John R.
Allen will be president, E. S. Kinkead, sec. and treas., and
Frank Hulett manager.

The Consolidated Brick & Tile Co., Winston-Salem, N.
C., has been incorporated with $125,000 capital stock. The
incorporators are Geo. A. Hanes, president and manager ;
W. W. Ch risman, secretary and treasurer ; W. M. Chris-
man, vice-president. Works at Pine Hill, N. C.

Rudy R. Black is now the sole owner of the Black & Ed¬
wards Works at Mounds, Ill., he having purchased the in¬
terest of James C. Edwards, and will continue same as us¬
ual.

CLHY RECORD.

The Atlas Brick Co., Moxahala, Ohio, will put in a $40,-
000 brick making plant.

R. C. Paterson, Hot Springs, Ya., wants information and
catalogues on brick making machinery.

Edward F. Overton, Laguire, Pa., is in the market for a
25,000 to 30,000 capacity brick making plant.

Charles Hanson, of Hanson Bros., Princeton, Ill., has
gone to Bradford to superintend the yard there.

The Columbus (O.) Brick & Terra Cotta Co. has in¬
creased its capital stock from $200,000 to $300,000.

The Standard Tile Co., New York City, has been incor¬
porated with $10,000 capital stock. Directors are F. N.
Carter, C. W. Portlock and C. E. Thorn, all of New York.

The Penbryr Brick Co., Bridgeton. N. J., has been in¬
corporated with $100,000 capital stock. Incorporators are
Richard M. Moore, Foster C. Moore and Edward P. Bacon.
The works is at Penbryr.

The stockholders of the Joseph Soissin Fire Brick Co.,
Connellsville, Pa., elected the following officers: Joseph
Soisson, president; V. H. Soisson, secretary, and W. F.
Soisson, treasurer and manager.

To make it possible to repair their own machinery the
Corona Pressed Brick Co., Los Angeles, Cali., is erecting
a machine shop and will install it with machinery. I homas
Gavin will be the superintendent of this department.

The Devonshire Brick & Ceramic Co., of Columbus, O.,
which has bought the Roseville (O.) Brick & Terra Cotta
Co.’s plant, will change the machinery which was for man¬
ufacturing paving brick so that they can make face and
glazed brick.

A Mr. Stoner will build a brick and tile works at Delta,
Iowa. • Ground has been purchased for same.

The Fairfield Pot. & Clay Co., Lancaster, Ohio, has in¬
creased its capital stock from $25,000 to $50,000.

Seward Bros., Mason City, Illinois, have contracted for
a steam power brick machine to replace their horse power
machine.

R. D. McManigal, Logan, O., has accepted a position as
superintendent of a brick making plant at Ft. Smith,
Arkansas.

The Doyle Brick Co., Utica, N. Y., has acquired title to
thirty-five acres of clay land adjoining its plant and will
increase their capacity.

The Boyne City (Mich.) Clay Products Co., have in¬
stalled a 12-foot fan for taking the waste heat to their dryer.
They are also making other improvements.

A stock company is being formed to build a brick plant
at Mandeville, La. Enough stock has already been sub¬
scribed to insure the success of the venture.

Dr. J. F. Willard, Colorado City, Colo., is negotiating with
outside parties to build a paving brick plant near that city,
utilizing the shale deposit which is found there.

Plans have been made and cantracts are being let for
a $30,000 addition to the plant of the American Refrac¬
tories Co., at Joliet, Ill. It is expected the improvement will
be in by the first of April.

The Alliance (O.) Clay Products Co., which constructed
their plant that has been running for four months, re¬
elected the old officers. The plant has been profitable all
through the experimental stages.

Buffalo Waste Heat Dryer.

‘Buffalo” Waste Heat Fan Direct Connected Engine
Bottom Horizontal Discharge.

The first WASTE HEAT DRYER bore the name
“ Buffalo.” Economy is the watchword and in the third of
a century since we began solving drying problems, there has
been steady enginring progreeess.

APPLICABLE TO BRICK, TILE AND TERRA

COTTA PLANTS.

Our thirty years of success is due to a constant study of clays.

Write, stating requirements, and ask for catalog.

BUFFALO FOBGE COMPANY, BUFFALO, N. Y„ U. S. A.

CANADIAN BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. MONTREAL. CANADA.

CLHY

RECORD.

Savannah, Mo., is to have a new brick yard.

Improvements are being made to the Blue Ridge Enamel
Brick Co.’s plant at Saylorsburg, Pa.

The Ohio Valley Clay Co., Steubenville, O., has increased
its capital stock from $200,000 to $260,000.

N. G. Archer has sold his interest in the Carmi (Ill.)
Tile Works to Dr. J. A. Boyer, who will conduct it in part¬
nership with Frank Griffith.

The Wyandotte Pressed Brick Co., Augusta, Me., has
been incorporated with $200,000 capital stock. President
and treasurer, J. Berry of Augusta.

The National Clay Products Co., Jersey City, N. J., has
been incorporated with $50,000 capital stock by J. J. Murphy,
E. H. Geren and John I. Mara, of Jersey City.

Marion G. Wright has purchased Dr. W. F. Smith’s in¬
terest in the Bippus (Ind.) Tile Co., and will take an active
part in the management. The plant will be enlarged.

The Jamaica (N. Y.) Brick & Construction Co. has been
incorporated with $50,000 capital stock. Directors are Phil¬
lip Grass, William A. Smith and S. A. Clark of Jamaica.

Construction has been started on the new works of the
Kaysville (Utah) Brick Co., which will make 100,000 brick
daily. John R. Barnes is president, John Dorn, vice-presi¬
dent, and Sidney M. Bamber, secretary and manager.

The Chanute (Kansas) Brick & Tile Co., capitalized at'
$125,000, will build a 100,000 brick daily capacity plant.
W. S. Cochrane is president, E. G. Potter, vice-president;
O. A. Kentner, secretary and general manager, and J. C.
Kiser, treasurer.

HOW TO SELL
BUILDING
MATERIAL

X5he Ideal Concrete “Block Ma¬
chinery makes blocks at a cost
that permits the underselling of
all other building material.

Adaptable as to size of block
nd countless designs of face
nd natural stone effect.

Wonderfully simple. No
chains, springs or gears.

Catalogue and fortune mak¬
ing facts on application.

That’s why most
manufacturers of Ideal
Concrete Building
Blocks are working on
advance of orders.

IDE AL

Concrete Machines

Ideal Concrete Mc’h’y Co.

Dept. W.

South Bend - = Ind.

“Mussens Limited, Montreal,
Agents foi' Canada”

J. A. Williamson, Belhaven, N. C., wants information
regarding tile machinery.

The Danville (Ill.) Brick Co. has increased its capital
stock from $90,000 to $190,000 and will make improvements
accordingly.

The Bessemer Limestone Co., Youngstown, O., will en¬
large its brick plant at Bessemer so that by July the capacity
will be doubled.

The Davenport (la.) Paving Brick & Tile Co. will put
an electric light plant in its works at Buffalo, also supply the
town with lights.

G. W. Mahan, the superintendent of the brick company
at Moline, Kansas, that moved its works from Iola, will
soon be able to turn out brick.

The Excelsior' Pressed Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo., has
been incorporated with $10,000 by Albert Wenzlick, A. F.
Berresheim and George J. Berresheim.

Articles of incorporation have been filed by the Plymouth
Clay Products Co., Ft. Dodge, Iowa, capital stock $250,000.
They will build a large sewerpipe plant.

A party of capitalists have organized the Garvanza Brick
Co. and haye erected a plant on Avenue 60, Los Angeles,
Cal., that is equipped to turn out 60,000 brick per day.

W. H. Horrum, Auburn, Nebr., will improve and enlarge
his brick and tile plant. He has a fine bed of shale on the
property out of which he expects to make paving brick.

Arthur C. Sharpley has sold the Bessemer (Ala.) Brick
Works to Messrs. Carter, Fitzpatrick & Nolan, who will in
the future have charge of the concern. Mr. Sharpley will
spend the summer in England, being of poor health.

— FOR— ...

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

62-64 William St. NEW YORK CITY

FOR SALE

One Hercules Steam Brick Machine, one 40 horse
power gasoline engine. One semi-automatic side-cut
brick cutter, made by Wallace Manufacturing Co.,
One Kells brick machine, lot of wheelbarrows and
trucks. All in good condition. Addresss

W. H. VANDER HAYDEN.

Ionia, Mich.

BRICK AND TILE MACHINERY AT SACRIFICE

Where a country is tiled, factories are offered
complete, or in part, Cheap. Have several Brewer
Mills for sale, and others.

Engines, Boilers, Crushers. Drying Pipes, etc. If
vou wish to buy or sell write

Brick and Tile Machinery

Secor, Ill.

FOR SALE.

An up-to-date brick plant. Capacity 35,000 brick
Cheap fail and labor. Fine shipping facilities and
an abundance of pure loose clay. Focal demand
takes almost entire output at good price, Will bear
close investigation. Good reason for selling.

Address, WM. M. READ,

Princeton, Ind.

MACHINERY FOR SALE

One No. 2 Giant brick and tile, machine with dies
for tile from 3 to 8 inches and side cut brick die.
One Bunsing automatic tile cutter. One Bunsing
automatic block and end cut brick cutter.

$100 worth of repairs would put them all in first-
class condition. Will sell cheap. Reason for sell¬
ing, am using larger capacity. 1801 Second Ave.

Rock Island, Illinois.

ENGINES AND J LERS

Corlis engines, 20x48, 18x36, 16x42, 12x36. Also 40
other sizes and styles in stock.

Boilers, Tubular, 84x18, 78x16, 72x18. Also 60 other
styles and sizes in stock.

Send specifications of your requirements and we
will make you a proposition that will interest you.

THE RANDLE MACHINERY CO.

1732 Powers St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

MANAGER WANTED

An experienced brick maker as superintendent
and manager of a new brick plant, located on the
Hudson River. River and rail shipments to New
York. We are equipped with three machines,
plenty of power, entire new equipment. Clay and
sand within 600 feet of the machines, conveyed over
trussel on cars to machines. Targe sand bank from
which abundence of sand can be shipped. Will re¬
quire an investment from party wishing this posi¬
tion. Will give to right person absolute charge of
plant. Address

C. R. SHEFFER, Pres.

Mechanicsville, N. Y.

FOR SALE.

Right and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

i Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE CHEAP.

One Monarch Brick Machine No. 166, capacity
35,000. One Brewer Clay Crusher, one Sander and
Dump Table, four Brick Barrows, three Brick Trucks
About 16,000 Lath Pallets. Shafting and Pulleys'
All the above are in good condition. Will sell all or
part to suit purchasers. Address,

PFEFFER & SON,

Gettysburg, Pa.

~<-K-

:f 'f f

Paper Joggers quoted.

R. A. HART. 41 White St.,

no nauer mane, cui iroit
$8 anil SIO.Io

4 Wheel, $3.00

5 Wheel. $3.25
Guaranteed.

Sold by all dealers

BATTLE CREEK. MICH

FOR SALE OR TRADE.

Two Brick and Tile Plants in Iowa and Illinois
now running. Address, ’

THE KILN DOCTOR,

514 Fourth Street, Dayton, Ohio.

BRICK PLANT TO LEASE

Will lease my brick plant at Sutton to good party
for one-third profit or one-fifth of the out-put
Plenty of good clay. Good market.

S. HUNZIKER.

Sutton, Neb.

STEAM SHOVEL WANTED

WANTED— A second hand steam shovel of small
capacity. Answer quick.

The Hancock Brick and Tile Co.

Finley, Ohio.

BRICK YARD FOR SALE.

Brick Yard for sale cheap. A bargain to the right
party. Good market at hand. For further informa¬
tion address

BRIUKMAKER,

Care Clay Record, Chicago, Ill.

ROOFING TILE MAN WANTED.

WANTED — A young man experienced in the roof
ing tile business to act as Chicago city salesman
Apply giving experience and reference,

Roofing Tile, care CLAY RECORD,

Chicago.

FOR SALE

One H. Brewer & Co. Second-hand No. 5 Brick
Machine.

One H. Brewer & Co. Stone Separating Crusher.
One 8 foot Pug Mill. H. L- SWIFT

Riverside, Iowa

MACHINERY FOR SALE

The following machinery uot used by us but all
in good condition, will be sold at very reasonable
prices.

One Penfield Single Mould Power Re-Press, capa¬
city 10.000 a da> .

Two Fate Company Reusing Automatic Side cut¬
ting tables. American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave., New York.

FOR SALE

20,000 Wooden Pillets, 32 inches by 10 inches, %
inch lumber, legs inches high, 1^ inches thick.
A bargain if taken at once. Address

JASPER ADAMS
Battle Creek, Mich.

FOR SALE

One Second-hand Four Mould Dry Press, in good
order One of the best presses on the market.
Answer quick if you want it.

Address G. care Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

PLANT FOR SALE.

FOR SALE — A first-class Brick and Tile Plant in
northern Minnesota, capacity 50,000 daily. Good
reason for selling.

Address, JOHN C. PETERSEN.

Pelican Rapids, Minn.

SUPERINTENDENT WANTED

An experienced paving brick-maker who will
take some stock in a paving brick company to be
formed at Cheboygan, to make 30000 to 50000 brick
a day. An abundance of the finest kind of shale,
easily handled and a very good market. Superin¬
tendent will have full charge, address.

A. M. GEROW, Cheboygan, Mich.

FOR SALE— CHEAP— New and re-laying rails, 12,
16, 20 and 25 pound. For prices, address

ATLAS CAR & MFG. CO„

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE

One Mascot machine with brick and tile dies.

One end brick cut-off, style F, made by American
Clay Machinery Co.

One hand side cut brick cut-off.

These at your own price. Reason for selling have
changed to a soft mud yard.

BLANCHARD BRICK & TILE CO„

Blanchard, Iowa.

PALLETS FOR SALE.

PARTNER WANTED.

A good, reliable man of experience, with some
capital to invest in and take charge of a new Dry
Press Brick Plant. Plenty of shale, and good mar¬
ket for all the brick. Address

DENIS, care Clay Record,

Chicago, I1L

HELP WANTED

WANTED— A man who has worked in the ship¬
ping department of a clay pressed brick plant.
Steady work all the year. State experience and
salary expected.

INDIANAPOLIS COMPOSITE BRICK CO.

Indianopolis, Ind.

FOR SALE— 8,000 New All Steel Foot Pallets
34x10 inches In good order. Can be had at a bar
gaiu. Address,

THE CLEVELAND CAR CO.

West Park, Ohio.

FOR SALE.

One Indiana road machine, belt; pulleys.

One 30 horse power Boiler, used one year.

60 brick cars, damaged by fire, parts easily
straightened, very cheap.

4,000 feet, one inch steam pipe for dry kilns.

One Wellington brick machine, cost $800, will sell
for $400 and load on cars. A man having $2000 to
put in brick and tile business can make a good deal
by writing me. C. S. BEADLE,

Saulte Ste. Marie, Mich.

POSITION WANTED

Young man wants position as manager or superin¬
tendent stiff mud brick yard. Small face brick
yard preferred. Best references. Address

Pittsburg, care Clay Record

Chicago, Ill

FOR SALE OR RENT.

A brick plant, with 11 foot vein of shale, burns a
beautiful red or buff face brick and first-class pavers.
Will make terra cotta or dry pressed brick.

Address Box 12,

Bidwell, Ohio.

PRACTICAL MAN WANTED

Wanted a practical man that can make an invest¬
ment to superintend the installing of a plant and
act as superintendant thereafter, address,

Practical, care Clay Record,

Chicago, Illinios.

BRICK AND TILE FAGTORY FOR SALE CHEAP

Good Sale for aid the brick and tile you can make.
Located in a county seat. Almost new machinery.
No. 10 Brewer Brick and Tile Machine Everything
in first-class repair. Reason for selling no experience.
Plenty of clay and shale handy, fall or address

W. W. BLY,

Rushville, Ills.

FOR SALE

Fine opportunity. Money making 30,000 capacity
soft mud brick yard in best building town in Indi¬
ana. Can’t supply the demand. Owner has larger
interests. Easy terms. Write for details.

TERRE HAUTE PRESSED BRICK CO.,

Terre Hante, Indiana.

WANTED

To buy or lease a brick plant having shale or fine
clay, raw material and down draught kilns. Address
E, care of CLAY RECORD
_ _ Chicago, Illinois.

YARDTO LEASE

To Lease, partly dismantled brick yard on dock
in Mich. Lake Shore town; government harbor and
P. M. Ry. Chambers machine, 50,000 capacity.
Abundance of clay adjoining plant. Makes white
face brick. Cheap labor and fuel. Address

C. M. 345 Ohio St., Chicago.

CONCRETE BLOCKS

ARE DURABLE, HANDSOME
AND INEXPENSIVE

Big Money Made by Mann*
facturing Them

NO IDLE
DAYS

PETTYJOHN PORTABLE
BLOCK MACHINE

Is the Best, Fastest & Simplest
GUARANTEED

Sent on Trial Catalog Free

PETTYJOHN CO.

622 N. Sixth St.

TERRE HAUTE. . . IND.

FRANK TOONIEY

127 and 131 North Third Street,

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

U-l

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C£

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T H ~fi

CLAY WORKER’S HAND-BOOK

A Manual for all Engaged in the
Hanufacture of Articles from Clay

JUST OUT : : PRICE $2.00

Latest Improved Wonder of the .Age

idiiS

Sfi&gSpg '

MlPfiiff rViii' %

■law I—

I n

-A ra-1., „

wMW, - *■ if® Wm

.» jy

f *. ■ |Tf j * Sgg -

y|,f- ■ JSw.

all a chance
to try

The Swift System

by remodeling one
kiln or building one
new one for $100.00.
Write for particulars to

E. F. SWIFT

514 West Fourth St.
Dayton. Ohio.

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902

S .A. GF X 3ST-A. W , MICH.

Improved Komnick Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

uur plants are installed under the supervision of Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand-Lime Hrick should be
and can be made. We have Practical Plants Punning
Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

Their Occurence, Properties and Uses

With special reference to those of the
United States, by Heinrich Ries Ph. D.

8 Vol. 490 pages, 65 figures, 44 plates

PRICE $5.00 NET

Clay Record Publishing Co.,

Chicago, Illinois.

►
►
►
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
►

NOW READY— A TREATISE ON

PRODUER-GAS and
GAS-PRODUCERS

BYIAN ACKNOWLEDGED AUTHORITY.^

A 300-page book containing thirty chapters, giving the fundamental
principles and definitions, calculations, classifications, manufacture and
use; the fuel, the requirements, the history, its by-products, Producer-
Gas for firing kilns, steam boilers, and power plants. The
future of the Gas-producer and a bibliography. \

:OVER:i002CHOICE (ILLUSTRATIONS— PRICE, $4.00.1

A subscription to the CLAY RECORD for one year without additional
charge to those that are not now subscribers.

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO, ILL,.

Main Yard and Office Branch Yard Banister River,

South Boston, Va. Branch N. 4 W. Ry.

I BOSTON -BRICK COMPANY
Manufacturers of Plain and Fancy
Bric%, Cement Brick and Blocks
H. W. Cosby, Superintendent and General Manager.

South Boston, Va., January 19, 1907.
Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co.,

Marion, Ind.

Gentlemen: —

As regards the Rust Clay Feeder we bought of you last year, will say
it has been in use in our branch yard at Houston, Va , since last July anil
is giving PERFECT SATISFACTION. It practically saves us two men
besides doing the work BETTER and with REGULARITY.

The greatest trouble hrick men have is getting hands to feed regu¬
larly — they will over feed and choke the machine break or run belts off
and then sit down and rest while the owner labors to repair and start up
again. Your Clay Feeder is perfect and is indispensable to any brick
manufacturer who wishes to make a good brick at lowest cost.

Yours truly.

Signed by H. W. Cosby, Supt. and Gen. Mgr. BOSTON BRICK CO.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co,

Marion, Ind.

- Ak -JW AL W VV VV A jdSW.

Something New In Brick Kilns and Dryers

irvw

The Dennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of advantage that
appeal to practical brick •
makers. Patented April 14 ,
1903 and September 8, 1908 ,
Brick plants installed am l
putin operation. Write fo •
booklet. Correspondenc >
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Wafer St., Norfolk, Va.

AA--A.-A-A-.A.-A.A i

▼?“▼▼▼▼ ▼ ’

Absolutely safe and reliable.

Ask your friends

A WOODEN TOWER

Is a source of annoyance and danger. It is
liable to rot and collapse at any time. A

CALDWELL STEEL TOWER

is safe, staunch and durable and will carry
four times the weight of the filled tank.
Expensive labor is not necessary to erect
these outfits, your own men can do it. We
furnigh all plans.

Send for illustrated catalogue and price list.

| W. E. CALDWELL CO.,

AAAAA.AAA A- A A. A. a a a a a
▼▼▼▼ WWW” ▼ W W W w W W 4

Louisville, Ky.

“THE CHILD’S”
EXTINGUISHER

Salesmen Wanted.

O. J. CHILDS COMPANY
Sole Manufacturers, UTICA, N. Y.

Pffnaf.

Honor

SOLD

: PERFECTION BRICK MOULDS {

PATBNTBO JAM. 28, 1902.

These are the
kind of Brick
Moulds the Brick
Makers have al¬
ways wanted but
could not get till
now. you can
get a mould that
the vents are
right all the time
No chai.ee
whether the
Mould is r:et or
dry. Try a sam¬
ple order. Satis¬
faction guaran¬
teed.

THE ARNOLD-GREAGER CO.

Manufacturer* of Brick Machinery
end Supplie* of all Kinds.

NEW LONDON, OHIO.

■

TWO PAPERS FOR THE PRICE OF ONE

THE CONCRETE AGE is the leading paper of its class in
this country — 64 large pages profusely illustrated. Show’s
pictures and floor plans; costs, etc., of all kinds of build¬
ings of concrete construction. Ably edited. Invaluable to
every architect and builder. The price is $1.00 per year.

THE SOUTHERN ARCHITECT is an ideal paper in its field.
Shows views, plans, costs, etc,, of the better class of buildings
being erected in the south. Price is $1.00 per year. Every
issue is worth price of year’s subscription.

BOTH BABERS FOR $1,00

For a limited time only we will send both papers one year for
$1.00. Send us $1.00, check, stamps, money order or currency,
and both papers, The Concrete Age and The Southern
Architect, will come to you twelve months. Subscribe today.

THE SOUTHERN ARCHITECT IVlanYa. *g a*.

How to Use Portland Cement.

From the German of L. Golinelli.

Translated by Spencer B. Newberry, E. M., Ph. D.

A booklet of 30 pages, 5$£x6$£ inches.

PRICE, 50 CENTS.

22,000 copies sold in Germany.

Portland Cement Sidewalk Construction.

Compiled by P. B. Beery, and based upon the
experience of many successful contractors.

A booklet of 30 pages, 5)£x6$£ inches.

PRICE, 50 CENTS.

■

Brick Moulds and
Brick Barrows

With Moulds and Barrows it is not the first
cost, but it is, will they last? We have made
them for over 30 years and know your wants.

Ail kinds and shapes. A trial order will con¬
vince.

James B. Crowell & Son,

Wallkill, N. Y.

JUL DEAVITT,

PRACTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMIST,
Garden City Block,

CHICAGO.

Analyses of Clay, Sand, Lime, Cement Materials and
Shales a specialty.

Special attention given to the preparation of Clay Pro¬
ducts from the raw material.

A well equipped laboratory and long experience in this
branch of work enables us to give expert reports on obtaining
glazes on refractory materials.

All enquiries in regard to the above will receive prompt
attention.

CLHY RECORD.

TO SOFT MUD BRICK MAKERS

We have in the AMERICAN PRESSED STEED PADDET the best pallet ever made. It has features
possessed by no other pallet, and is the strongest and longest-lived.

Let us send you a circular explaining why our pallet is what we claim for it. We’ll send a sample pallet
too, if you want it.

Steel pallets need no repairs. That would save a good many dollars in a year. Write us to-day and give
us a chance to prove what we say.

THE AMERICAN PULLEY CO., 29th and Bristol Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

MAKERS OF “ AMERICAN ” WROUGHT STEEL PULLEYS.

| WHY YOUROWN BRICK CUTTING WIRES

When You Can Buy Ready Hade Cheaper?

SEND FOB SAMPLES AND PRICES.

GEOROE S. COX, East Liverpool, Ohio.

MANGANESE

FOR. ALL USES.

^HpflRAlH^’GRouND

60-70% 70-80% 80-80% OXIDE.

Clay Workers 'Goods a Specialty

SAMPLES and PRICES on INQUIRY.

KENDALL & FLICK

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

The only preventative for soum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the 8ulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

«05 NPW VOPK p* Q. Box

Pearl Straet TV I V7K.lv 1712

For Mortar, Brick, Cement, Blocks, Etc.

Highest
Award
St. Louis
Exposition
1904

The | Ricketson Mineral Colors

— — — — — I IUWMU WWmWAtr.W s-t--

RED

BROWN

BUFF

PURPLE

BLACK

FOR QUALITY AND STRENGTH WE LEAD

RICKETSON MINERAL PAINT WORKS, Milwaukee. Wis.

EXPERT SERVICE

WE HAVE

CHIEF BURNERS

For Sewer Pipe, Tile, Building
Paving and Front Brick. Will
instruct your men how to obtain
the best results. Get your burn¬
ing to a system. Address

ANTON VOGT

Pomona, N. C.

G. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

F fil ^ G&s and

1>ICW Cl d Gasoline Engines

and GAS PRODUCERS

If you want a perfect built, and successful running Gas
Engine, order the New Era, which has our Patented Water
Jacketed Solid Cylinder Head, requiring no Packing. We
use a Strap Style Connecting Rod, which never breaks, Aux=
iliary and Regular Exhaust, Make and Break E lectric Igniter.
We have more good points in the construction of the New Era
than any other Gas Engine built. Sizes from 1 >4 to 15> Horse
Power

For Catalogue and further information, write to

THE NEW ERA GAS ENGINE CO ■ 95ADA°L^ AVK

Grinding Pans— Dry and Wet >

Tell us the kind of material and capacity you ^

have and we will quote you accordingly. h

We make CRUSHERS also. ,

PHILLIPS & McLaren - - Pittsburg, Pa. >

BORTON & TIERNEY CO., Philadelphia, Pa. S1

EASTERN SALES AGENTS

w w v ww v w w wv

Among

JEFFREY StvMtS DEVICES

are

CENTURY RUBBER BELT CONVEYORS

OF THE TYPE SHOWN

Catalogue free on Elevating, Power=Transmitting, Crush=
ing, Screening Machinery, Electric and Storage Battery
Locomotives for Mines, Mills, Factories, Industrial and
Power Plants. :::::::::

The Jeffrey Mfg. Company,

Columbus, Ohio, U. S. A.

yeti) Yorl t Chicago “Boston St. Louis “Denver

HICKS CLAY CO.

MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF

Best grade clays which can be manufactured into
anything known to the clay trade.

We have an inexhaustible supply covering 230
acres and 70 feet deep. Unexcelled facilities for prompt
shipments and can load any amount at any time.

All clays 75 cents per ton, f. o. b. for this year only.

We also offer special inducements for parties desiring
to locate and will entertain any legitimate proposition
even to furnishing one-half of the capital for any sized
plant. *

We are located advantageously at junction point of
the Chicago & Alton R. R. and also on the C. B. & Q .,
70 miles north of St. Louis, Mo.

Samples and analysis of all clays sent free upon
request. Correspondence solicited.

H. C. WORCESTER, Secy. CHAS. T. HICKS, Pres.

R00DH0USE, ILL. DRAKE, ILL.

CLMV RECORD.

HANDLE YOUR CLAY
WITH ONE MAN AND

The Thew Steam Shovels

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 1 Shovel— Geo. H. Clippertt & Bro., Detroit, Mich.

Especially adapted for brickyard require
ments. The shovel operates in a complete
circle, enabling material to be delivered at side
or in rear at will. The Dipper is hung from a
horizontally moving carriage and can be adiust
ed to cut to any desired level.

: : Ouly One Operator Required.

Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30, COO to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

“Be sure you are right, then go ahead,**

G. E. Luce Engineering Co.

(G E. LUCE, Practical Mechanical Engineer)

Sixth Floor, Plymouth Bldg., 303 Dearborn St.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Designer and Constructor for all

Kinds of Clay=Working Plants

B uilding, paving and pressed brick, tile, hollow block and fire-proofing plants
plan and specifications prepared.

Designed and reconstructed several of the largest plants in this country.

Years of experience in this particular field, and formerly engineer in charge
of construction for the Illinois Brick Co. of Chicago.

Machinery, drying and burning troubles corrected.

Examination of properties, clays tested, and advise as to the possibilities of
success of either old or new plants.

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

A well-tried and
proven Success.

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

Price Right,
Write Us

ALL STYLES

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,
. ( Patented . )

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

NILES, OHIO

HARDENING CYLINDERS

FOR SAND LIME-BRICK IN STOCK
FOR IMMEDIATE DELIVERY

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO., troy, n. y.

Subscribe for the Clay Record

IT IS THE ONLY CLAY JOURNAL PUBLISHED IN AMERICA

Twice Per Month

Only One Dollar

THE TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR CO.

1856 — - - CUYAHOGA FALLS, OHIO, U. S A— — 1907

COMBINATION MILLS

Twice the capacity of a wet pan and at
less horse power.

SAVE THE UNNECESSARY HANDLING

NO DRY PAN GRINDING. N«» DUST
E' EVATOR. NO EXPENSIVE STOR=
AGE BINS. NO DUsT SHUTES.

Take the short, high grade road

FROM INVESTMENT TO SUCCESS.

Purchase “Vaughn’s” modern machinery
and insure against loss or delay.

SEWER PIPE AND TILE PRESSES, NOZ=
ZLE, SLEEVE AND RUNNER BRICK
MACHINES. DRY AND WET PANS,
PIPE, TILE, CONDUIT AND OTHER DIES.

ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON COMPLETE
EQUIPMENT.

PATENTED

NINE FOOT COMBINATION MILL

THE PARENT OF RAPID GRINDING AND TEMPERING. k EVOLVING
PAN AND RECIPROCATING WHEELS

CLAY RECORD. 49

Sand Lime Brick Machinery

FURNISHED BY

THE SEMISTEEL COMPANY

CLEVELAND - - - OHIO

Write for Further Information

IT PA VS HANDSOMELY

SAND-LIME BRICK MACHINERY

Furnished and Installed by the

International Sand=Lime Brick Machinery Co.

(Incorporated under the laws of the State of New York)

Under the Safest and Strongest Guarantees.

Inventors and Owners of the “ Division Method” (patented in
the United States and all Foreign Countries)

Write for information to the

International Sand-Lime Brick & Machinery Co.

156 Liberty Street
NEW YORK

OLKY RECORD.

Note the Strength, Note the Convenience, Note the Capacity

IF YOU WANT QUALITY— A FULL VALUE FOR THE MONEY—

YOU HAVE IT HERE

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY COMPANY -

BUCYRUS.*OHIO
U. S. A.

No. 04 Nine Foot Pan

New Design— Nothing; LiKe It

We build Complete Outfits for Sewer Pipe Plants. We have a
line of presses that cannot be surpassed in economy of operation con¬
venience or capacity. All necessary appliances furnished. Send for
Complete Catalogue. We build every things needed by the
Clay Worker.

Soft Mud Brick Machinery.

Stiff Mud Brick Machinery.

Dry Press Brick Machinery.
Sand-Lime Brick Machinery.
Pottery and Cement Machinery.
Waste Heat, Steam, Hot Air and
Furnace Dryers.

WE MAKE OUR OWN DRYERS AND CAN GUARANTEE THEM.

SEWER PIPE MACHINERY

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

33 TT CYRUS, OHIO

warn nm

DRY PRESS BRIGK
MACHINERY

All joints carefully fitted. All gearing heavy
and strong. Side frames massive. Adjustable
mold feed and pressure. Long dwelling pres¬
sure. Smooth, dense, perfect brick/

We build Stiff, Soft Mud and Sand-Lime
Brick Machinery, all kinds of Dryers and their
equipment. We build all our own Dryers
and can guarantee them.

THE

American Clay Machinery Co.

BUCYRUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

STIFF MUD BRICK MACHINERY

We build other machines, larger and smaller capacity, same
quality. We build everything needed to make clay products.
Also Dryers that we can guarantee. Write for catalog.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

GLMY RECORD

Your Choice of Cutters©
Your Choice of Movements

No. 62 HAND-POWER ROTARY BRICK CUTTER

yv I

HjSS

IJIi

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

WE BUILD the most dependable line of
sand-lime brick machinery on the
market including every tool appliance
or machine required in a modern
sand-lime brick-plant. Our cata¬
logue of this line of machinery
is yours for the asking. It
tells of the quality of each
machine and quality of
machinery is the key¬
stone of success in
the manufacture
of sand-lime
brick.

CL ...

We also
build a full
line of machinery
and appliances for
making clay products
by all processes. Write
concerning your needs.

The American
Clay Machinery
Company

WILLOUGHBY, OHIO, IT. S.

LOCATIONS
FOR POTTERIES, BRICK AND
TILE PLANTS

The very finest deposits of Kaolin, Fire and other Clays in
great abundance along the

LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE RAILROAD

In the States of KENTUCKY. TENNESSEE, ALA- Y
BAMA, GEORGIA, MISSISSIPPI, and FLORIDA. J

Cheap Fuel. Good Markets. Unexcelled Transporta¬
tion Facilities. For further particulars, address

G. A. PARK,

General Immigration and Industrial Agent

LOUISVILLE, = KY.

♦

-AAAAAAAAaAAAAAA i

LOCATIONS FOR
NEW INDUSTRIES

can be secured on the lines of the

Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul Railway

Traverses the great agricultural and manufac¬
turing states of Iowa, Minnesota, North and South
Dakota. Operates 7,000 miles of thoroughly
equipped railroad.

Inquires should be as definite as possible.

Address

Industrial Department
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway

Room 1327, Railway Exchange
Chicago

SYSTEM

The “SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”

offers you the opportunity of
entering into the manufacture
of the coming buildine ma¬
terial

This brick is strong and
durable. It can be manufac¬
tured in less time and at a
tower cost than any other
brick on the market.

OUR SCIENTIFIC

SYSTEM

will enable you to manufac¬
ture SAND LIME BRICK of the
very highest quality in less
than 24 HOURS.

We are ENGINEERS and
CONTRACTORS to the SAND
LIME BRICK INDUSTRY land
will erect and equip your
plant with the machinery of
the SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM” and
start you on the road to suc¬
cess.

Write us for particulars and we can
undoubtedly refer you to a plant
equipped by us and situated
in your vicinity

SEND FOR CATALOG No*. 18

CLKY RECORD.

Furnished for waste Heat
Dryers, for forced Draft
and for heating Hot Floors.

Any furnace or steam dryer
may he rebuilt and the cost
of installment can be saved
the first season.

Plans and
Estimates

furnished free of charge

Write for our catalogue No.
56 S on Waste Heat Dryers-

Office: Chicago, 25th Place and Stewart Ave.
Works: Bucyrus, O.

NEW TOSS BLOWER CO.

BOOKS YOU NEED IN YOUR BUSINESS

The Repair and flaintenance of Machinery

By Thomas W. Barber, C. E. A hand book of practical
notes and memoranda for engineers and machinery users,

166 pages— 417 illnstrations— 8 vo„ cloth . . $3.50

How to Run Engines and Boilers

By Egbert Pomeroy Watson. A practical instruction for
young engineers and steam users. 125 pages — illustrated —

16 mo., cloth . $1.00

A Handbook of Engineering Laboratory Practice

Calcareous Cements

By G. R. Redgrave, C E. Their nature properties, and use.

Tho composition and process of making Portland and other
cements, analysis and cost . $3.50

American Cements

Bo Uriah Cummings. A treatise on the nature and prop¬
erties of natural and artificial hydraulic cements. 299
pages— Illustrated — 16 mo., cloth . $3.00

Notes on Concrete and Works in Concrete

Portland Cement

By B. D. Butler, Asso. M. Inst. C. E. A complete treatise
on the manufacture, testing and use of Portland cement.
Contains 860 pages, 85 illustrations, 8 vo., cloth bound, price $6.00

Architects’ and Engineers’ Hand Book of Reinforced
Concrete Construction

This book describes and explains thoroughly the various
forms of modern concrete construction. 172 Illustrations,

218 pages. Price . $2.00

The Blasting of Rock

In mines, quarries or tunnels. A. W. & Z. W. Daw. A com¬
plete book giving weight of blast, how, when and where to
make it. 270 pages— 8 vo., cloth . $6.00

Will be sent postpaid on receipt of price^

Steam Boilers

By James Peattie. Their management and workings on

land and sea— very complete. 230 pages— 12 mo., cloth . $2.00

The Pottery aud Porcelain of the United States

Ay Edward Lee Barber, A. M., Ph. D. 200 illustrations

Octavo., gilt top . $3.50

The Story of the Potter

By Charles F. Binns. A popular account of the pottery and

porcelain industry. 250 pages— Illustrated— 16 mo . 7 5

Architectural Pottery

Translated from the French. Bricbs, tiles, pipes, enamelled
terra cotta, stoneware, mosaics, faiences, and architectural
stoneware. In two parts. 8 vo., 496 illustrations. Price . $7.50

Notes on Pottery Clay

The distribution, properties, uses and analysis of ball clays,
china clays, and china stone. Crown— 8 vo., 132 pages, price. $1.50
Chemistry of Pottery

By Simeon Shaw. The chemistry of the Several natural
and artificial heterogeneous compounds used in the manu¬
facturing of porcelain, glass and pottery. 750 pages, price .$5.00

Engineering, Practice and Theory

By W. H. Wakeman. 184 pages— 5x7J4 inches. Price . $1.00

SiIlco°Calcareous Sandstones (Sand Lime Brick)

By Ernst Stoffler. Treats on the formation of artificial brick
made from a mixture of lime and sand under the influence
of moisture. Raw materials, methods, manufacture.

Shows outline drawing of factoriei, elevations to detail.

Ground plans andSectional Elevations, ,price . $1.00

Brick, Tiles and Terra Cotta

A practical treatise on the making of hand made, soft mud,
stiff clay, dry press, paving brick, enameled brick, fire
brick, silica brick, terra cotta, drain tile, roofing tile, art
tile, with a description of modern machinery, 662 pages—

261 engravings— 8 vo., cloth . . . $10.00

Transactions of the American Ceramic Society

Containing the papers and discussions of the society. The
most complete information published. 6 vols. Price, each. *4.00

Manual of Coramic Calculations

This book was compiled with great care and most com¬
plete. Price . $1.00

ORDERsSo CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY, 303 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO, U. S. A.

$$M$MI$ft«M$$$$$M$T

WASTE HEAT DRYER.

Fans
Engines
Steam Coils

A Letter Which

Interest Brick Makers

Illinois Brick Company

GEO. C. PRUSSING, President

A J WECKLER, Vice-President
C D. B. HOWELL, TREASURER
WM. SCHLAKE. PURCHASER

C. B. VER NOOV, Auditor

W. M. LEGNARD, SUPERINTENDENT

NINTH FLOOR, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
PHON E MAIN 17

J H GRAY, Sales Department

Chicago, Jan. 4, 1907.

The Barron Dryer Co.,

84 La Salle St., Chicago.

Gentlemen :

It may be of interest to you to know that we have made on our
Yard 17, in 1906, 52,551,400 brick, in 2,083 1-2 working hours, and
have dried them satisfactorily on your 18 track dryer.

Very truly yours,

ILLINOIS BRICK COMPANY.

Barron Tender Clay Dryer, Which DOES THE WORK

We construct and install Dryers adapted to drying all clay
products With greatest perfection and economy in fuel and labor

BARRON DRYER CO., 84 La Salle St., CHICAGO, ILL.

WORKS EVERYDAY

REPAIR BILLS SMALL

We make a Specialty of equipping
Brick Plants and Not a Side issue

STYLE "P

don’t

The “Martin” Ma=
chinery and Sup=
plies are built right

“THB DADY OF THEM ALL”
MARTIN’S SrifLU “A” BRICK MACHINE

CRUSHERS

ALL IRON AND STEEL STEAM
POWER BRICK MACHINE

UWCAJTER,

BRICK MOULDS

THE OLD RELIABLE STEAM
POWER BRICK MACHINE

ANIMAL POWER

MARTIN

FURNISH EVERYTHING THE
& BRICKMAKER NEEDS *

HIP. 0. DRAWER 587
LANCASTER, PA.

| fdK<jO Kiftid WQHtdtD {ticjCKj §

CLHY RECORD.

THE MARTIN RACK PIPE STEAM

“DRYER SYSTEM’’

RRICK

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699809
October 10, 1905, No. 95520
November 14, 1905, No. 804489

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFG. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

naOKQcjOitiKH Jd0M!>F

O c-

.fT

WnLlUClOM.O-,

7~c~‘

<V(Vv JJ

J.V

MONARCH STOCK BRICK MACHINE

Capacity from 30,000 50UXX)

BRICK and TILE
MACHINERY

THE QUAKER

Horse or Steam Power. Capacity. 20,00 to JftjOOfe

gmr tile machine with automatic table

"we

Full

our

Guarantees."

THE PREMIER BRICK MACHINE

and BENSING Automatic Side Cut BRICK CCTTBfe

B. E. LaDOW, - - Fredonia, Kansas.

Mere’s What One of the Largest Cement Companies in the Llniled States

Says About our “ Pittsburg” Drg Pan:

“Answering yoairs of the 19th instant; We are pleased to state that the dry pan
which we purchased of you about a year ago has given entire satisfaction. We
consider it one of the best, if not the best, dry pan manufactured and shall, indeed,
be pleased to recommend It to prospective purchasers of such machinery.

Yours truly,

WESTERN STATES PORTLAND CEMENT CO.”

And they ‘Bac'k.ed up their statement by ordering recently THREE MORE Vans from us

UNITED IRON WORKS COMPANY

General Offices: SPRINGFIELD, MO.

SPRINGFIELD, MO.; AURORA, MO.; IOLA, KAS.; PITTSBURG, KAS.

CHERRYVALE, KAS.; KANSAS CITY, MO.

V- *

m OVER THE WORLD

THESE FAMILIAR SIGNS
MARK SINGER SHOPS

ALL OVER THE WORLD

THE ONLY SHOP WHERE

Singer & Wheeler & Wilson

SEWING flACHINES ARE
SOLD RENTED OR EXCHANGED

SEE SINGER STORE

IN YOUR OWN CITY

OLKV RECORD.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1,1 1 ! 1 1 1 iy 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 141 1 1 1 1 1 iy 1 1 r|-rTgf^

G OOI> RULE

RAYMOND’S ”

THE BEST

HANDSOME PROFITS

ENJOY LIFE

POOR RV/lvS>

OTHERS

C. W. RAYMOND CO.

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

Everything for the Brickmaker*

Catalogue for the (^Asking

SAND-LIME. BRICK

MACHINERY

BOr© &UALIUY

MODERN METHODS A * * NO EXPERIMENTING

Sand-Lime Brick Plants designed and
complete machinery equipment furnished,
installed and set in operation. Machinery
and product guaranteed.

Correspondence solicited.

CHISHOLM, BOYD A WHITE COMPANY

OFFICE AND WORKS, 57111 AND WALLACE STREETS

CHICAGO ; s : i : ILLINOIS

CI-7SY RECORD

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR -MOLD “SPECIAL’’

Its Record: More Boyd Presses in actual operation than of all other Press Brick Machines
combined. Write for Catalogue.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.,

OFFICE AND WORKS: 5 7th and WALLACE STREETS

Chicago, Illinois

••

■wm

CL 75V RECORD.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR - MOLD “ACME”

IT’S NAME A GUARANTEE. The Fofr-Mold Press above illustrated is our latest improved
machine of this design. Over ONE HUNDRED now in use. Especially adapted for working shales.

A BUSINESS PROPOSITION

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.

OFFICE AND WORKS: 5Tth and WALLACE STREETS CHicagO IHitlOiS

CLHY RECORD.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

TWO = MOLD “ACME”

pc*; tms

"acme1*

t •' CHTCASO

Brick Presses are too costly for any one to experiment with. SEVENTEEN YEARS of practical
experience back of each Boyd Press.

CONSIDER THIS: Your Brick Plant may be properly constructed, well located, with an
abundance of good clay or shale, and a good market at your door ; but unless your Brick Press is always
ready for a day’s work you will not get proper returns from your investment.

Chisholm, Boyd &

OFFICE AND WORKS: 5Tth and WALLACE STREETS

White Co.

New White Press

Especially designed for making Sand-Lime
Brick. Strongest, Most Powerful, Most Durable,
and Most Convenient. Molds removable; can

be changed in seven minutes.

Send for Special Press Catalogue.

SAND-LIME

BRICK

Complete Plants installed, started and operated
until the first 100,000 brick are made. No risks,
delays or expensive experimenting.

Strongest possible guarantees. This is the Only Safe
Method for parties going into any new industry.

' O OOOC0

In lx. L L v
UAJJfc to Divt
UUDlKVUtV«4i

TO t'lOivlvOW'

Our Latest
Illustrated Booklet
gives all details.
Mailed Free.

AMERICAN SAND-LIME BRICK CO.

1308 GREAT NORTHERN 8LDG., CHICAGO

The highest development of the
Art of Brickmaking Machinery
so pronounced by the United
States Government.

The BERG MAKES the highest
grade of fire brick. Can
make all kinds of shapes
% desired for fire-brick

% purposes.

The BERG for the highest grade
of pressed brick of shale or
clay. It makes all kinds of
shapes and sizes of brick.
Changes from one shape to
another can be made in
less than an hour’s time.

Three distinct
pressures make
the brick evenly
pressed all
through'. No
granulated cen¬
ters of the brick.

First-Class Workman¬
ship. Cut Gearing. Fully
Warranted.

The BERG makes the |

best sand-lime brick and
cheapest because it is the ,

strongest machine and 7/

gives the highest pres¬
sure. Thirty-five sand- 1

lime plants in United
States use the BERG
Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY

IjyP / The BERG is

sj - / the best for sand

iSlfc I and cement be-

' . " y cause of its

i r

U strong pressure.

Uses less ce¬
ment, makes cheaper brick.

The 1905 Berg Press

For prices and full particulars, address

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO, ONT., CANADA

Auger Machine

Combination Machine

UP=TO=DATE MACHINERY

New White Press

New Model Berg Press

For Making all Kinds of Brick-

Dry Pressed, Wire Cut,
Sand Moulded

Full
Line of
BricRyard
Specialties
and

Supplies

In addition to our well known BERG PRESS , we are now
bringing out our new WHITE PRESS for clay-brick work. It is
especially recommended for difficult and refractory day. By far
the most powerful press built. Removable molds , changed in SEVEN
minutes. Special catalogue and full particulars on application.

Something New for 1907

Rocking and Dumping Grates
for Kilns. Save coal, save labor,
and do away with checked brick.
Send for “Lecture on Combus¬
tion ,” by His Satanic Majesty.

Chicago Brick

U. S. SELF CLEANING GRATE

In position ready for use. Part o! frame cut away to show connection below.

Machinery Co.

1308 Great Northern Bldg.

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross=KelIer Triple Pressure Brick Press

ROSS-KELLER

OFFICES FULLERTON Bl

The strongest and most efficient Brick

Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

JILDING, . ST. LOUIS, MO.

This is the Press That Scott Builds

Twenty machines in the St. Louis
District alone. Come to our city and we
will show them to you.

We build all the machinery that
goes to make up

“The Scott
Noiseless
Plant.”

THE ANDRUS FOUR
MOLD PRESS

SCOTT MANUFACTURING CO.

602 Commonwealth Trust Building :: St. Louis, Mo.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

Manufacturers of

The Celebrated Fernholtz Dry Press

Four mold Press 20,000 daily capacity. Six mold Press 30,000 daily capacity

THE FERNHOLTZ PATENT MOLD BOX.

GRATH PATENT HAND POWER PRESS.

Especially adapted for, ornamental designs. Any size brick up to
12$£ inches long, 10 inches wide and 4)4 inches thick.

Brick set into kiln direct from press.

GRATH PATENT HAND POWER PRESS.

Fitted With Ad¬
justable Pins.

A GOOD MIXER IS ALWAYS APPRECIATED.

THE FERNHOLTZ CLAY PULVERIZER.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

Cable Address “Fernbrick.” Western Union Code.

Boy»e Avenue and Old Manchester Road, ST. LOUIS, MO., U.

M CL.HY

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DRY BRICK MACHINES

RELIANCE DRY PRESS
THE MACHINE OF
THE FUTURE

OLD STYLE TOGGLE MOVEMENTS SUPERCEDED BY NEW
- AND BETTER PRINCIPLES -

THE ONLY MACHINE not using the Toggle Movement.

THE ONLY MACHINE applying Pressure from the Bottom.

THE ONLY MACHINE making a Uniformly Pressed Brick.

THE ONLY MACHINE MAKING BRICK WITHOUT GRANULATED CENTERS.

SIMPLE

STRONG

EFFICIENT

WRITE TO-DAY FOR PARTICULARS. SEND US A SAMPLE OF YOUR CLAY.

THE RELIANCE MACHINE AND TOOL WORKS I

ST. LOUIS, MO. P

ARE YOU INTERESTED IN A CUTTER
THAT WILL DOURLE YOUR
PROFITS FOR 1907?

The Hix “Happy Thought** Automatic Cutter will do it. THis
Cutter is without an equal as it does what others can not do.
Will cut end or side cut brick, Hollow blocks or conduits any
length or size desired. Tbe capacity is unlimited. No clay
wasted, every brick a perfect one, no complicated machinery to
get out of order and give annoyance.

It Will Pay You to Write Us for Particulars

THE HIX “HAPPY THOUCHT” AUTOMATIC SIDE CUT BRICK CUTTER.

The Wallace Manufacturing Company

FRANKFORT, IND , U. S. A.

■nnaMM

BRICK CUTTERS

AUTOMATIC MACHINES FOR

LARGE OR SMALL OUTPUT
OF EITHER SIDE-CUT OR
END-CUT BRICK. GOOD CON¬
STRUCTION, SIMPLE DESIGN,
EXCELLENT SERVICE

THE BREWER No. /4

is a new pattern of Automatic Cutting Machine for end-cut brick.
It has a novel and original cam movement which is simplicity
itself. Takes up its own wear , needs no adjustment . Ask for
complete description and specifications.

f f DDMTMMMCD tiZcumseh

Emm DBtXblL WwELri C fit m MICHIGAN

DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS OF CLAY WORKING MACHINES

OLHV RECORD.

3
f

S’

We build these Machines in five sizes* Capacities to 10,000 (t
brick per hour* ^

Several hundred are in everyday use* They do first-class
work and are convenient, economical and durable* This can be (L
verified by investigation*

We also build Brick Machines with separate Pug Mill* fer

Don't forget our Automatic Cutters* They give satis- (L
faction.

State your requirements and let us furnish particulars.

E. M. FREESE & CO.

GALION - OHIO

CLMY RECORD,

T HE IROTTS

HORIZONTAL BRICK MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

CLHY RECORD,

BRICK DRYERS

The largest and best. The drying done
upon an entirely new principle. Brick
made today. Set in Kiln tomorrow.
Thoroughly dry. Will dry the most
tender clay with no loss from cracking.

It has No cars .

No transfer cars
No rail
No ties
No fans

No extra engine

No high or expensive stack

The best dryer on the market. Manu¬
factured by

C. &A. POTTS & CO.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

CLHY RECORD

Machinery for Building Brick

=AND FOR STREET PAVERS=

Automatic End Cut Brick Machines of five sizes, having capacity

from 10,000 to over 100,00 brick daily under

favorable conditions.

CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY

E. R. FRAZIER, Chicago Agent,

59 West Jackson Boulevard.

52D A/ND MEDIA STREETS

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Weight
about
11,000 pounds
Capacity
2,000 bricks
per hour.

THE PHILADELPHIA REPRESS.

Single Crank
Movement
Working
Machinery

all above the

Mold Box.

Modern Brick
Machinery

NO. 9 AUGER BRICK MACHINE

Capacity 50,000 to 70,000. The Machine for Diffi¬
cult Clays. Heavy Shafts -Steel Gears -Accessibility

12 Ft DOUBLE GEARED PUG MILL TYPE “C”

Heavy Shafts and Large Faced Gears

Write for Our new Circular No. 12 describing some new Models of Brick Machinery

The BONNOT COMPANY

CANTON, OHIO

CLHY RECORD.

THE GUILDER

ELEVATING and
LOWERING
BRICK CAR

FOR OPEN AIR SYSTEM OF DRYING

Write us in regard to this car and also let us tell you all about the
“PREMIER” line of Clay-Working Machinery.

The J. IX F ate Company

PLYMOUTH, OHIO

A REPORT OF THE TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL

MEETING OF THE ILLINOIS CLAY WORK¬
ERS ASSOCIATION.

THIRD SESSION.

President John W. Stipes called the third session of the
Illinois Clay Workers’ Association to order at two o’clock,
January 23, 1907, in the Elks’ Auditorium at Champaign.

he first subject taken up was a paper on “The Advan¬
tage of a Technical Education for Clay Workers,’’ bv
Frank W. Butterworth of Danville.

THE ADVANTAGE OF A TECHNICAL EDUCATION FOR

CLAY WORKERS.

The tendency of business operations of all lines during
the first six years of the twentieth century is toward spe¬
cialism and consolidation. Manufacturing institutions of
all classes either have been or are being revolutionized —
first they specialize — make some one particular kind of
product, then the factions making this particular special¬
ized product consolidate, eliminate the plants which cannot
produce cheaply enough on the quality of whose product
is not up to standard and build new ones to take their
places.

It is fair to suppose this condition will continue to a
greater degree even than in the past. Capital is now seek¬
ing and will continue to seek large enterprises whether in
one or a thousand locations. It is so in the clay industries
particularly and profitably so, because of the extensive use
of the older deposits of raw material as they occur in prac¬
tically inexhaustible quantities.

The more extensive the consolidation and the larger the
chunks in which capital invests, the more the need for
the specialist to take charge of the enterprise and hence
' we arrive at the two things which make any business en¬
terprise successful — Money and Brains. Of late years it
bas become quite as much as question of the money finding
the brains (and it is glad to pay for them) as it is of the
brains finding the money.

Twentieth Century, United States money wants and will
get the best brains in the world, trained to the very highest
point of specialism in the particular line of work it has
taken up. trained not to talk about it, not to make excuses
for not doing it, but trained to use money to the very best
possible advantage and come what may — to deliver the
goods.

We are confronted in clay working with this problem.
“How can we train our young men in the shortest possible
time so they will use money and get from it its maximum
efficiency?” I say in the “shortest possible time,” because
this is the age when money wants not only the maximum
knowledge, but it wants this knowledge, coupled with the
maximum energy, adaptability and resourcefulness, and it
has, whether right or wrong, figured it out that these last
qualities are procurable to a greater extent in young men
than in old. Money demands in this age that young men
“do things,” because it can then say “do more of them
and do them better next time.” Therefore, just as time is
the essence of all other contracts, so it is of this and
men must be capable clay workers while they are young
and as efficient at thirty as they were formerly asked to be
at fifty.

Before we can intelligently take up the question of how
to train the young man, we must first find out what he has
to be trained in. What must he know and what qualifica¬
tions must he have in order to use capital to the best ad¬
vantage in the clay industries.

Bearing in mind the fact that our raw material differs
in the nature and temperament as much or more than the
men who work over it and that clay working is not and
probably never will be an exact science, what qualifica¬
tion and knowledge are necessary in order that given the
money a man may be able with reasonable assurance, of
ultimate success to:

First — Judge of the merits of a location for a plant, as
to quantity, quality and accessibility of the raw material
and market.

Second — Select the machinery, apparatus and kilns which
are best adapted to that raw material and which will pro¬
duce ware which will best suit the available market.

Third — Design and erect the plant in the best and cheap¬
est way and in the least possible time.

Fourth — Operate that plant in the most economical way
commensurate with the production of the most salable prod-
• uct.

Fifth — Sell that product to the best advantage and col¬
lect the money for it.

Taking these in the order named, the first requisite and
particularly since the older deposits have come into gen¬
eral use, is a knowledge of geology especially of those
strata in which our raw materials are found, in order that
he may find the material. He must know the grand work

CLAY RECORD.

of chemistry in order that he may judge of its quality and
he must have had practical business training in order to
judge of the merits of the market. In the selection of his
appliances he must know clays thoroughly, their chemical
and physical properties, how best to dig, grind, mold, dry
and burn them, in designing and erecting the plant a knowl¬
edge of engineering, civil, mechanical and electrical are
precious requisites. In operation he must know geological
conditions in order to detect quickly changes in raw mate¬
rial and guard against blunders therefrom ; he must know
chemistry as applied to clays and combustion in order that
he may get the maximum results with the minimum ex¬
pense; he must know engineering in order to quickly re¬
pair defective parts and a thorough knowledge of ceramics
will enable him to reason, not from effect backwards three
weeks to cause, but from cause to effect with a consequent
minimum of worthless product, and he must be diplomatic
with labor and able to secure maximum work.' In order to
sell the product he must have the faculty of making ancl
keeping friends and a thorough knowledge of his com¬
petitors’ facilities and product as well as those of his own
plant.

Can a man become proficient in the above knowledge and
qualifications by practical experience only ? Decidedly, yes ;
but it takes a life time to do it. What is then the short cut?
The answer is the same in clay working as in all other
branches of industry — A Technical Education. In almost all
other lines it is a recognized fact that a technical education in
some branch of learning best fits a man in the shortest
possible time for the successful career. The iron man is
a chemist, metallurgist, the transportation man is an en¬
gineer, the mining man has his own special training. What
then can it do for the clay worker ? Can it help him to be
able to do at thirty more and better work than his father
did at fifty without it? Most decidedly, yes.

A technical education along the right lines is a short
cut to the day worker, because in obtaining it he has the
benefit of specialists in his line who are trained to impart
knowledge ; because he is enveloped by an educational at¬
mosphere instead of a producing atmosphere as he would
be at the plant; because his brain is being trained and de¬
veloped to act quickly and decisively and almost instinct¬
ively upon problems in his chosen specialty as experienced
educators are directing and developing it; because he is
taking the direct method of getting knowledge instead of
the roundabout and because all this is happening to him
while his brain is receptive, young, elastic, and impression¬
able.

A technical education will make the day worker more
proficient because his brain is better trained and developed
— because he is able to reason from cause to effect as his
superior education shows him why things happen and he
can anticipate evils before they happen, instead of blindly
blundering around to find a remedy after three weeks prod¬
uct is manufactured, because he will be better able to design
machinery and apparatus to make new products as demand
arises or even to anticipate the demand and create it by de¬
vising new products for particular uses, because his sense
of the fitness of things and his artistic taste is better de¬
veloped, because he can come much nearer to reducing
clay working to an exact science, and because he can bet¬
ter apply his knowledge to practical uses.

Not by any means, however, must it be understood that
a technical education will make a successful clay worker —
it will probably do less toward proficiency than will edu¬
cation in the other professions and industries. It must be
thought of only as a foundation upon which to build by
practical experience, and as merely preparatory and supple¬
mental to that practical experience.

The graduate from the Ceramic Department of one of

our colleges should realize that he is probably not so far
along as the graduate from the Engineering Department,
and that he is just starting, but that he is very well equipped
for the race ; his brain should be stored with information,
but he must have the practical application of that at the
plant in such a way as to be of the best value to the money
invested.

When the clay worker leaves college he has usually but
little idea of affairs generally, of the general businesss side
of his chosen lines, but the trained brain can certainly
grasp these details much quicker by reason of that training.

It seems to me that although the successful men in the
business today are almost universally those who learned it
in the school of experience and hard knocks, yet their places
in years to come, are going to be taken by young men
who had a technical training followed by practical experi¬
ence and that it will only be a few years until clay working
money will say to brains “Not alone how long have you been
in the business, but also what special education have vou
had?” —

I firmly believe that a young man, a graduate of one of
our Ceramic Schools with five years practical experience
has a higher efficiency as a clay worker than a man with
the same natural aptitude with twenty years exclusively
practical training, and if so they certainly have filled their
mission.

At the conclusion of Mr. Butterworth’s paper, he spoke
of the need of action by the legislative committee of the
association. He said that the school at the university needed
$30,000, that is, $15,000 yearly, and that they had had only
$5,000. That the school had been very successful but that
it needed to enlarge the buildings and needed to put in new
machinery. That the association ought to send five or six
men down to Springfield to induce the legislature to make
the proper allowance. He asked for an expression from the
members present of their willingness to see their own rep¬
resentatives personally and urge the matter upon them. In
response to his request as to how many would do so, prac¬
tically every member arose.

President Stipes — This is an excellent paper read by Mr.
Butterworth, and it ought to be discussed. Will Mr. Blair
give up his opinion ?

Mr. Blair — I was thinking while Mr. Butterworth read
that paper that he certainly pictured an ideal man, possess¬
ing all the elements and requirements for a successful clay-
worker, in as few words as it was possible for a man to use.
Personally I am in hearty sympathy with the suggestions
made in the paper, and it is just what we are coming to in
all lines, for that matter. If there are lines of industry and
manufacture that have been more thoroughly revolutionized
than others, it is only because the young men entering those
lines have been more technically equipped than in other
lines. I think the time has come when every clay worker, not
only in Illinois, but everywhere, should realize that he has
something to do for the future. No man lives for his own
time. He must live for the generations to come and we
must necessarily expect that our children will be broader
and better equipped than we who have struggled along
before them. I think the only way to do that is to give
them the benefit of the experience of ourselves and those
who have gone before us, and the only way to do that is to
halt long enough in early life to grasp what you can from
the school of experience, and then take that with your own
ideas and resources and common sense and do the best
that you can with it.

CLHY RECORD,

Mr. Pratt — Each individual member should see his own
representative in regard to the appropriation for the school.
With united work the allowance would be made.

President Stipes — Prof. Rolfe yesterday afternoon read a
paper in regard to the work of the school, and as a good
many new members have come in since then I ask the pro¬
fessor to read again that part of the paper which referred
to the institute.

(Prof. Rolfe’s paper appears in the first session.)

President Stipes — The next paper taken up will be by M.
T. Goss, president of the Goss Engineering Co., of Chicago,
who is on the program to tell “What Type of Boiler is Best
for Clay Plants for Efficiency and Maintenance.”

WHAT TYPE OF BOILER IS BEST FOR CLAY PLANTS FOR
EFFICIENCY AND MAINTENANCE?

In order for me to express an opinion on this subject,
giving my reasons for so thinking, it is necessary for me
to call your attention to those types of boilers which I do
not consider best. If what I say helps the operator of clay
plants and other steam users to develope steam power for
less money than it is now costing, my purpose will be served.

The type of boiler that is best for clay plants for efficiency
and maintenance or for any other steam plant where such
a boiler can be installed is an inclined water tube boiler, in
combination with a furnace that will fulfil the following re¬
quirements :

The design must be such that all parts are accessible for
inspection and repairs.

It must be so designed that all the heating surface can
be quickly and thoroughly washed inside and soot removed
from the outside.

It must be accessible for boring out the tubes when
necessary.

The area of the connecting mediums between the lower
drums and steam drum must not be less than one square
inch to six square inches of tube area or a ratio of one to
six, in order that rapid and complete circulation can result,
which not only increases efficiency, but tends to lessen the
cost of maintenance. Prof. Thurston said : “The best boiler
is the one in which the circulation is most rapid and steady.”

The steam drums should be horizontal and of sufficient
diameter and length to provide a large steam liberating area
and a large steam res'ervoir to insure practically dry steam,
even when the boiler is developing 50% over load.

It should have ten square feet of heating surface for the
evaporation of 34*4 lbs. of water per hour from and at or
30 lbs. per hour with feed water temperature of 100 degrees
F. into steam at 70 lbs. gauge pressure. The tubes should
be straight with diameter generally speaking not less than
3" nor greater than 4".

The grate area should not be less than one square foot to
from 45 to 53 square feet of heating surface, depending on
the character of coal used and the percentage of refuse
present.

It must be so designed that a thick fire brick arched
Dutch oven furnace can be built under the boiler, not over
seven feet wide in any case, set with a rise of not less than
six nor more than twelve inches ; of sufficient length to in¬
sure a thorough mixing of the gases from the volatile mat¬
ter with the oxygen from the inflowing air, while the fur¬
nace temperature is sufficiently high for ignition.

When I say inclined water tube boiler, I mean what is
usually termed a horizontal water tube boiler, the angularity
depending on the make. ,

The most accessible boiler for inspection and repairs is
one that a man can get into to inspect and repair every inch
of surface or riveted joints.

Unfortunately it is often necessary to wash boilers soon
after they are cut-out, in order to get them again under
steam pressure as soon as possible, it being especially so
with small plants. It is urged by many that water tube
boiler are not desirable for small plants because it requires
too much time to wash them. This is doubtless true when
water tube boilers of the hand-hole type are considered,
as the time necessary to remove and replace the necessary
number of hand-hole plates is not available in such cases;
but if the man-hole end drum type is used, by the removal
of two, and at most three man-hole plates, all the tube sur¬
face can be thoroughly washed.

The operation requires no greater length of time than is
required to partly wash horizontal tubular boilers. It is im¬
possible to wash more than 50% of the heating surface of
such boilers, and the difference in efficiency in favor of the
man-hole type of water tube boilers due to this fact alone
is appreciable. So far as the removal of soot from the heat¬
ing surface is concerned, I know of no boiler that this
cannot be successfully and satisfactorily accomplished if the
attention is given by the attendant.

The removal of scale at the proper time, from the heating
surface of all boilers is of vastly greater importance than
many steam users appreciate if the usual condition of a
great many plants is a criterion to go by.

With water tube boilers of any type all such material can
be entirely removed, leaving the heating surface in the same
condition as when new, so far as the conduction of heat is
concerned. It is not so with horizontal tublar boilers, at
best only a portion of such material can be removed by the
use of a steam hammer operating within the tubes.

The rapidity of circulation of water within a water tube
boiler depends on the ratio between the aggregate area of
all the tubes and the area of the medium connecting the
front drum or header with the steam drum. I believe the
nearer this approaches the full tube area the better.

Some types of sectional header boilers have sixteen
inches of tube area to one inch of connecting medium area,
and while the ratio of sixteen to one may be all right when
considering the relation of gold and silver as a medium for
money circulation, it is not all right when considering the
relation of the tube area and connection to steam drum as
a medium for the circulation of water in water tube boilers.

With such an arrangement, the circulation is slow ; scale
formation and mud deposit are more marked and the danger
of burning tubes is greater than is the case with the man¬
hole end drum type having a ratio of six to one. The end
drum type offers an opportunity for settling a large per¬
centage of such material where it can be blown-out, which
cannot be said of either sectional header or box header
hand-hole type.

When considering the cost of maintenance of boilers
there are several things to consider: the cost of cleaning the
heating surface, comparison of which has already been
made, cost of repairs and the life of the boiler for the re¬
quired pressure.

It is generally conceded that with like conditions, the
tubes of water tube boilers are no more likely to be burned
than is the bottom sheet of horizontal tubular boilers,
am quite sure the tubes of the type of water tube boilers I
advocate are not as likely to be burned with the same quality
of water and care, and if this were not so, isn’t it very much
less expensive to replace a burned tube than to repair the
thick bottom sheet of horizontal tubular boilers? This fea¬
ture of this proposition, however, is of the least importance.
When a new tube is put in a water tube boiler it is a new
tube, when a fire sheet of a horizontal tubular boiler is re¬
paired it is a damaged fire sheet, and this fact, together with
the fire cracks at riveted joints, are doubtless responsible for
the loss of thousands of lives and millions of dollars worth
of property resulting from boiler explosions.

CLKY RECORD,

How many of you are now running your engines at less
pressure than you should have for economy, owing to de¬
fective sheets? How many of you have been told bv the
authorities to put in new boilers because of this? If you
buy new tubular boilers will you charge the entire cost to
the maintenance account? If not you should, because had
you bought water tube boilers in the first instance, made
for a higher pressure, you could have used them for your
required pressure longer than both old and new plants of
horizontal tubular boilers will be allowed to be used for
the same pressure, and when this is considered there will
be a large credit to the maintenance account of water tube
boilers.

Regarding the position of the steam drum, I think it is
too generally agreed that it is more desirable to have it
horizontal rather than on an angle, to be commented on,
and the same may be said regarding the necessity of having
a grate area of one square foot to from 45 to 55 of heating

surface, especially when using low grade coal.

The impression is given by some that water tube boilers
cost from 25 to 40% more than horizontal tubular boilers.
This is approximately correct for small units, but it is a fact
that a 200 H. P. water tube boiler made for 150 lbs. pres¬
sure can be made ready for steam for no greater sum than
is required for two 100 H. P. horizontal tubular boilers
made for 125 lbs. pressure, and for 500 H. P. or more the
cost is less.

I have now reached the proposition that a boiler must be
so designed that a thick fire brick arched Dutch oven fur¬
nace can be built under the boiler, not over 7 feet wide in
any case and sufficiently long to admit of a thorough mix¬
ture of the gases from the volatile matter with the oxygen
from the inflowing air, within a temperature sufficiently
high for ignition, thus attaining good combustion, and an
economical result, as well as a smokeless condition.

It must however be borne in mind that to secure these
benefits and produce such proper mixture of volatile gases
and oxygen it is necessary not to overtax the capacity of the
furnace and combustion chamber. It is seldom that more
than 50% efficiency is maintained with hand fired horizontal
tubular boilers or with water tube boilers when the flame
passes directly from the fire against the heating surface, be¬
cause of- incomplete combustion due to chilling the gases be¬
low the ignition point before the gases from the volatile
matter becomes thoroughly mixed with the oxygen. It is
seldom that less than 65% is maintained with hand fired
water tube boilers having a long Dutch oven furnace under
them. Seventy per cent is often maintained, and at times 75
and 80% are attained.

The difference between 50% and 65% efficiency repre¬
sents a loss of exactly 30% of fuel. An approximation of
the yearly loss on this basis in the United States due to
incomplete combustion alone amounts to more than fifty
million dollars ($50,000,000.00).

If these statements are true, and they can be proven, a
water tube boiler and furnace such as I advocate would be
cheaper at a reasonable price than would horizontal tubular
or water tube with bare tubes over the fire at a very much
less price ; but as stated previously, they cost but little more
than horizontal tubular for small units, no more for 200
H. P., and less for larger plants.

Prof. Kent, on page 452 of his Steam Boiler Economy,
states: “In ordinary practice in the Western states an effi¬
ciency of 50% or less is not unusual with coal burned in
ordinary furnaces. It is quite possible to raise this to 70
or even 75% with automatic stokers, furnaces surrounded
with fire brick and provision made for securing the intimate
admixture of very hot air with the distilled gases. The
raising of the efficiency of boilers by these means from 5Q%
to 70% would effect a saving of many millions of dollars
annually.

Experience has proven the impracticability of placing
long fire brick surfaces under horizontal tubular boilers or
any other fire tube boiler, because if sufficiently long to at¬
tain good combustion the heating surface so covered is
lost and the extremely high temperature entering the tubes
at rear head will and does invariably sooner or later cause
leakage of tubes which have to be replaced after being
rolled a few times.

If fire tile is placed on the lower row of tubes of water
tube boilers of sectional header or box header type, good
combustion can be received ; the heating surface so covered
is lost, the circulation of the hot gases around the lower
tubes at forward end is not good, if heavy enough to be
durable the tendency is to bend the tubes and the expense
of removal and replacing when tubes are replaced is consid-
rable. All of the above objections are entirely overcome by
the use of a fire brick arched Dutch oven furnace under a
water tube designed boiler for its installation.

Prof. Talbot — I would like to ask Mr. Goss in putting
an automatic stoker in front of a water tube boiler, is it
necessary to put a fire brick surface under the boiler?

Mr. Goss — Not if the arch of the automatic stoker is suf¬
ficiently long to get the proper admixture of the volatile
gases and oxygen, thus attaining complete combustion be-
for reaching the heating surface. I know of several plants
where Dutch oven furnaces are in front of the boilers ;
there are also under the same boilers long fire brick arches.
I believe the results are some better than would be received
if the arches were not there. In other words, I don’t believe
that 6 feet is as desirable as 12 feet. I very- much favor a
thick arch supported by the side walls, properly set, rather
than flat surfaces suspended on tubes or tee irons.

Prof. Talbot — I understand the flatter the arch the bet¬
ter, you don’t want to get too much rise in the arch.

Mr. Goss — I don’t know why a flat arch should be more
economical than one with considerable rise, certainly the
greater the rise the more durable it will be. I have had
excellent results from arches 5 feet wide with a 5 inch rise.

When visiting an engineers’ meeting a few weeks ago in
Chicago this question of fire brick arches was brought up.
I didn’t have anything to say but was very careful to hear
all that was said. The chief engineer at the First National
bank building said he had an arch supported by side walls
that had been in use four years. That satisfied me that
there should be no trouble with arches. He said from his
experience it depended a great deal on the manner in which
it was put up.

Mr. Butterworth — This has been a very interesting paper,
and I appreciate it very much. The question I want to ask
is this ! I notice a great many industries are using refuse

CLHY RECORD.

for firing boilers. In a brick yard in burning brick we get
a lot of refuse from the kiln. There is a lot of coke invar-
ibly. We do not get good combustion. When there are
clinkers there is a lot of waste. We have been investigating
the use of this under our boilers. I should like to know
whether you have had any experience in utilizing such.

Mr. Goss — I have never had any experience with that, but
I don’t see any reason why it could not be used if after re¬
moving as much clinker as possible it is mixed with new
coal. In my judgment, it would require additional grate
surface to get the regular capacity, owing to the large per¬
centage of refuse, and the draft should be good.

Mr. Mamer — The question I want to get at is, would you
think that the expense would be advisable in building a
Dutch oven in front of a tubular boiler?

Mr. Goss — As indicated by my paper, I think it an un¬
fortunate circumstance that would make it necessary to use
a horizontal tubular boiler at all, but there are cases in
some building basements where no other kind can be in¬
stalled. In such a case I most certainly would, if possible,
put a Dutch oven in front of it, as the benefit received
from improved combusiton would soon pay for its installa¬
tion. Owing to lack of room it is sometimes necessary to
build a long fire brick surface under a tubular boiler in
order to comply with the smoke ordinance. The conditions
at the Ashland block at Chicago is a fair example of what
sooner or later happens with such an arrangement. The
extremely high temperature entering the tubes at rear head
causing frequent and very expensive repairs, besides dimin¬
ishing the heating surface to the extent of the surface so
covered.

WHAT HAS PRODUCER GAS DONE FOR THE CLAY MANU¬
FACTURER DURING 1906?

President Stipes — “What Has Producer Gas Done for
the Clay Manufacturer During 1906?” is the title of the
next subject, and it is now ready for discussion.

Mr. Barr — They have tried the experiment at Galesburg
this last year, and have thrown out the apparatus, as it was
not at all successful.

Mr. Blair — Mr. Powell, what success have you had in
the last year that you have been using it?

Mr. Powell — I can say for producer gas that it has been
successful at our plant. We are using a 12 chamber con¬
tinuous coal burning producer gas kiln. We can burn our
tile well ; we can overburn them with the producer gas as
well as we can with coal, but you cannot blacken them. As
to its advantages, it has many, because of the fact that the
coal is all burned at one point. The gas is produced in a
common producer and is conveyed to a flue in any com¬
partment of the kiln connected with a sheet iron conductor
which is carried to the kiln and comes in contact with the
hot gases from the kiln just behind, and is ignited. The ad¬
vantages of producer gas, as I understand it, though I don’t
know much about it, is the fact that the gas is ignited or.
burned from the hot gases in the kiln. There is but very
little advantage in producer gas over coal, if any, unless
burned with hot gases at a temperature above 1,200 degrees.
If you attempt to burn producer gas with cold air, you will
have a failure. It is very simple. We are satisfied with the

2 7

course that we are taking. Our kiln is a Youngren continu¬
ous Kiln. P. L. Youngren of Milwaukee is the only one
who builds this kiln. I think that we can burn up to any
temperature. I do not know how high a temperature, but
I think that we burn to about 1.800 degrees. We use
Green county nut coal, fourth grade. It is anything from
3" down. It passes an p*" screen, and the larger lumps
taken out of the screen. We do that simply for conven¬
ience. We have used mine run, but it is very hard for the
men to work, they don’t like to work it and there is no
economy in it.

In reply, to a question as to what the economy would be
in dollars and cents: That has a wide range, owing to differ¬
ent conditions. A continuous kiln, to get the best results
out of it, would have to run to its full capacity and we have
never been able to run our kiln to its full capacity except
at short intervals at a time, and during those short inter¬
vals, we were not able to get a test of the fuel it would take.

President Stipes— I understand that Mr. Underwood
knows something about the producer gas plant at Alton.

Mr. Underwood — I visited the plant at Alton last summer
and Mr. Rogers showed me the producer gas plant. I never
saw anything finer. I was told that the plant was burning
mine run coal. It was very fine.

Mr. Richardson — We are interested mostly in the use of
producer gas for burning our wares. There is no question
about the future of producer gas for generating power,
though it is quite probable that the clay working industry
will be the last to take this up for the reason that we have
such gold use for exhaust steam in drying. We have the
building of a large clay working plant being built in Ohio in
which producer gas is going to be used for power. I ex¬
pect to learn quite a good deal from it. Also, producer gas
will be used for burning in a continuous kiln. The reason
that the Ohio people decided to use producer gas for burn¬
ing was that they were to build three or four plants and
because of their being scattered it was thought best to run
all the plants by electricity. But in a single plant, I don't
think that would be advisable at the present time, where you
have clay ware to be dried.

President Stipes — “Can Brick Be Dried by Waste Heat
From Up-draft Kilns?" This is for discussion.

Mr. Blair — I can only say that that question has been
answered in the affirmative a good many times in the
national conventions. In Milwaukee two or three of the
concerns there claim to be drying brick successfully in that
way.

President Stipes — How do they go about it?

Mr. Barr — The draft of the fan pulls the heat down. If
any one interested will write to L. E. Rodgers Engineering
Co., of Chicago, I think he will give them all the informa¬
tion they want. The Geo. H. Clippert & Bro. Brick Co., at
Detroit, Mich., have a plant of this kind which is very suc¬
cessful.

Mr. Blair — There are a dozen plants using that system
here, and they are all over the country. It is simply a
tunnel provided in the center of the kiln with arms leading
to that from either side and all you have to do is to start
your fan.

CLPCV RECORD.

A Member — The tunnel in the middle of the up-draft
kiln is closed with a fire clay slab. That is removed and
the fan pulls the heat out. Up in Wisconsin they have an¬
other method of drying with the waste heat, but they take
from the top of the kiln. Under the roof of the up-draft
kiln they had suspended their pipe 24" in diameter and for
every two arches they had an opening 16" long and 10"
wide with a slide under so that they could slide it up.

President Stipes — I notice that we have a couple of dis¬
cussions here that we might take up. “Where and at what
distance should expansion joints be on a brick pavement?”

Mr. Blair — That was gone over pretty thoroughly this
morning. (See second session meeting.)

Mr. Mamer — I would like to ask a question: What is the
composition of these expansion joints, as a rule?

'Mr. Blair — I am inclined to think that the most satisfac¬
tory expansion cushion that I have seen is made from No.
4 or 6 pitch, filling the bottom with No. 4 pitch and then
putting sand over the top. That will remain soft for years
and will go and come with the expansion. You put it
crossways in the street. That is a frequent method. I
have never seen any bad results in a strpet where the ex¬
pansion cushions were simply put along the curb and no¬
where else.

WHAT METHOD SHOULD BE USED IN DRYING SOFT-MUD
BRICK IN MEDIUM SIZED YARDS?

President Stipes — There seems to be another question
here. “What method should be used in drying soft-mud
brick in medium sized yards ?” As no one responds,
it looks as though we hadn’t a soft-mud brick man in the
crowd.

A Member — What was meant by “medium sized yard?”

President Stipes — I would consider a yard of 20,000 to
25,000 a day a medium sized yard.

Mr. Blair — Mr. Chairman, I know that we have a brick-
maker in our town that makes soft-mud brick. He makes
about 3,000,000 to 4,000,000 a year ; dries them in an open
shed, and I will say for him that it is the neatest and the
nicest soft-mud yard I ever saw in my life; and that man
makes money, enough money so that he is enabled to take
his family for the winter to California or down in Cuba. He
dries altogether in the open air.

President Stipes — Tell us about that yard. I think we
have struck something that we are all interested in.

Mr. Blair — I am rather sorry that I spoke of it. I only
know that it is a fact. But since I did speak about it I
will say that it is Mr. John W. Huff. I think he uses a
Monarch machine. I cannot give the information that he
could give. He dries them on pallets and sets these pallets
in a rack and there the brick are dried.

President Stipes — The racks are large sheds or separate
sheds ?

Mr. Blair — Separate sheds. I don’t know the dimensions,
but the isles go to the separate sheds. The roof slants off
from each side, and I suppose the roof is probably 6 feet,
so that he sets the pallet in and uses about 2]/2 feet on either
side for putting in the pallets.

Mr. Potts — At one time I believed that it was impossible
to dry soft-mud brick in less than 38 hours, but within

the last two years I have had an experience that shows me
that it can be done in less time by the using of pipes and
steel pallets. It is easy to build and cheaply operated. We
have dried brick in some places in six hours by steam. In
others, it would take 8 and 10, depending somewhat on the
nature of the clay.

President Stipes — You put the pallets right on the pipes?

Mr. Potts — Directly on the pipes; yes, sir. It is an old
thing. In fact it has been used in Philadelphia for some ten
or twelve years, but in a crude way.

President Stipes— Your attention is called to the fact
that the last paper on the program for today is “The
Esthetic Possibilities of the Use of Clay Products in Archi¬
tecture,” by John W. Case, professor of architectural design,
University of Illinois. Prof. Case was to have illustrated
this paper with stereopticon views showing the construction
of buildings, but the lantern that had been erected in the
hall here was not large enough to accommodate the pro¬
fessor’s slides. He can give this lecture if we go down
to the university. It is a very short ride and we have a
special car here ready to take all the members over. We
will have ample time to go to the university, listen to his ex¬
cellent paper, enjoy the views, which will be given this year
with colored slides, and be back here in time for dinner.

Practically all the members decided to accept the invi¬
tation, and began leaving the hall for the car.

President Stipes — The meeting is adjourned to Thursday
morning for the last session.

THE ESTHETIC POSSIBILITIES OF THE USE OF CLAY
PRODUCTS IN ARCHITECTURE.

When we consider that the architectural remains of the
oldest nations of antiquity are largely composed of clay
products ; that mankind has been using and studying burnt
clay products ever since ; and that today we are still study¬
ing and producing new results in burnt clay and adapting
old results and inventing new uses ; it becomes evident that
the possibilities in burnt clay are infinite.

The representation of human life, the human figure has
always been of engrossing interest to mankind, and yet our
architecture today is almost devoid of representations of
the human figure. It is only in monumental work that the
figure appears in sculpture or in mural painting.

The principal reason is that our buildings are mostly for
utilitarian purpose, and the cost of sculpture is prohibitive.
But U.rnt clay, because of its pliability and its hardness
after firing gives us a material for figure representation on
the better class of buildings.

One ot the most interesting examples of colored terra cot¬
ta enameled figure sculpture applied to buildings is found in
Pistoia, Italy, on the facade of the hospital of the Ceppo.
This work is credited to the Della Robbia family. It con¬
sists of a frieze of panels each about 20 feet long and 4 feet
high separated by narrow panels. This frieze is about 33
feet from the ground and extends across the entire facade
of the building above an arcade of six arches, the spandrils
of which are decorated with round medallions.

The modelling is in low relief, the backgrounds are white
or blue, the draperies polychromatic. The entire effect is
brilliant but not crude in color.

The subject of the panels are seven acts of mercy of the
Miseriaoordia ; the Monks are seen visiting the sick and the
prisoners ; feeding the hungry ; giving drink to the thirsty ;
burying the dead ; giving alms, and washing the pilgrims.

1 he vertical panels are filled with single standing figures.
In the medallions are figures representing the Annuncia-

GLrtY RECORD.

tion. Madonna in Glory, the Conception ; and coats of arms.
The borders of the medallions are composed of fruit.

These terra cottas are enameled in color, by a process
which remained a secret in the Della Robbia family for more
than a hundred years.

Luca Della Robbia lived in Florence in the fifteenth cen¬
tury, that age of marvelous artistic attainment. In his
youth he was apprenticed to a goldsmith which he learned
to draw and model in wax with such proficiency that he

of Majorca, 1 1 1 5 A. D. The Moors introduced the art of
enamelling in the island of Majorca. They obtained it
from Persia where it had survived from ancient times, thus
enamelling is traced back to Assyria. The early Italian
ware, called Mezza Majolica, was covered with a slip or
thin coat of clay, upon which the colored patterns were
placed and coated with a lead glaze forming a beautiful
irridescent lustre. In some examples this slip of white
clay Avas cut away in pattern, disclosing the darker body

The Hospital of thj. Ceppo, showing Misericordia Panels in Place.

abandoned the goldsmith art to take up the art of sculpture
in bronze and marble. Although he made a success of this
work and executed important commissions in Florence, Va¬
sari tells us that Luca found the effort was great and the
recompense small. There seems to have been a good deal
of the American spirit about Luca. He was intensely am¬
bitious not only for fame but also for money and was con-

beneath, and then glazed with lead. This was called
“sgraffito.”

It is probable that Luca knew of this lead glaze, for he
succeeded in producing a tin enamel which protected his
terra cotta from the injuries of time. Further experiments
by Luca produced enamels of different colors, through the
use of mineral oxides. However, Luca was not satisfied.

Panel Shoaving7the Visitation of the Sick.

tinually trying new ideas. Luca turned from bronze and
marble to clay. Here was a material plastic, easily formed,
and yet made durable by firing. Still, it lacked polychrome,
and Luca Avished to render it imperishable. Some hint
must come to him from earlier Italian work, introduced
into Italy by tbe Pisans after their conquest of the island

These enamels Avere applied to modelled work, he wished
to represent full light and shade and color upon a fiat sur¬
face ; to paint with colored enamels, thus doing away with
the intermediate process of modelling. This process he did
not succeed in perfecting, and although the secret of these
enamels remained in his family until 1507 (Luca Avas

born 1400), none of his successors possessed the inventive
genius of Luca; indeed, this field of investigation still re¬
mains open to us.

Luca’s enamel was of a peculiar whiteness and excellence.
White and blue were the basis of his* color schemes, al¬
though he used green, yellow and violet.

The reliefs on the Hospital of the Ceppo were made by
Luca’s nephew Andrea, and Andrea's son Luca II. They
were eleven years in completing the work.

inherent qualities to form pottery by itself, would adhere
to the coarser colored body of the earthenware, thereby
forming a smooth white ground. The early Greek vases,
the faience of Persia, the Mezza Majolica and the Sgraffito
of the early Italian Renascence, and our English slip
ware are examples of this method of giving a smooth white
surface to coarse colored earthenware. A similar result to
the slip covering was also produced hv the use of a silicious
glaze, rendered white and opaque by the addition of oxide

The Monks Visiting Those in Pkison.

The color of burnt clay depends upon the chemical in¬
gredients of the clay. Kaoline, or china clay, is a hydrous
silicate of alumina containing 47 per cent, of silica, 40 per
cent, of alumina, and 13 per cent, of water. It burns to a
white or yellow color. Clay containing oxide of iron burns
to a red color. Fire clay contains a larger per cent, of
silica than Kaoline does. .

Glazier in his book on Historic Ornament says: “Pot¬
tery clay may be classified under three divisions or head¬
ings : (1) Earthenware. (2) Stoneware. (3) Porcelain.

Under the first are grouped the largest number of Ceramic
wares. The pottery of Egypt, the facience of Assyria and

of tin. Early Assyrian faience, Della Robbia ware, the
Majolica of Spain and Italy, and the wares of Delft and
Rouen are earthenwares coated with a tin enamel.

The silicious glaze here referred to is prepared by fusing
silicious materials with soda or potash, and is known as
vitreous, or glass glaze. Plumbeous, or lead glaze, is pro¬
duced by the addition of oxide of lead to the silicious glaze,
rendering it more fusible, and still transparent. A white
opaque enamel formed by the use of oxide of tin with the
vitreous glaze, is termed Stanniferous, or tin enamel. These
different processes of covering the porous body of the
earthenware largely influenced the decorations and scheme

Washing the feet of the Pilgrims.

Persia, the Greek and Etruscan vases, the famous red ware
from the Isle of Samoa, and its counterpart the Roman
Samian ware, the beautiful majolica of Spain and Italy,
the pottery of Rouen, St. Porchaire, Delft, and most of our
English pottery are earthenwares ; the paste or body con¬
sists of natural clays selected for their plasticity, their har¬
dening qualities, their fusibility or their color, and when
burnt have a porous opaque body, usually dull in color.
This dullness was usually overcome by coating the ware
with a slip of fine white clay, which, whilst not possessing

of coloring.

The beautiful faience of Damascus and Rhodes is covered
with the silicious slip or glaze, the colors being rich blues,
produced by cobalt ; turquoise and green, by cobalt and
copper ; and purple, by the use of manganese ; and then cov¬
ered with an alkaline glaze.

In the Rhodian ware the same scheme of color prevails,
except that the purple is replaced by fine opaque red of great
body, called Rhodian red, produced from Armenian bole.

On the Italian Majolica, with its tin enamel and plumb-

CLAY RECORD.

ecus glaze, there are fine blue, turquoise and green colors,
but red is very poor in color, and is generally replaced by
rich yellow from antimony, and orange from iron.

This white tin enamel was undoubtedly introduced into
Europe by the Moors, as some titles in the Alhambra date
from 1273-1302.

A large number of bowls and dishes, called Samian ware,
of Roman importation, have been found in England. The
paste is usually of a fine sealing wax red, with a good glaze.

In Rouen ware, the ground is generally white, but some
fine examples at South Kensington have a soft yellow
ground, a rich Indian yellow being sometimes introduced
with the blue decoration.

Bernard Palissy, 1510-90, by repeated experiments dis¬
covered the stanniferous or tin enamel. His first produc¬
tions were Jasper ware, warm and brilliant in color and
richly enamelled.

Marbled, combed and tortoise-shell ware were formed by

Panel Showing the Giving of Alms

-1

The red paste having been pressed into the mould, the in¬
terior was smoothly turned in the lathe.

About 1500, the production of tiles was introduced into
Holland, quantities of small blue and white ones, being
made at Delft for the lining of fire places, etc.

In the 16th century, the porcelain of China was intro¬
duced into Europe by the Dutch and Portuguese traders,
and much of the Delft or Rouen ware subsequently pro¬
duced was an imitation of this oriental porcelain. “Delft’’
ware which takes its name from the small town of that name
in Holland, dating from 1500 A. D., is a ceramic coated
avith stanniferous enamel, decorated with a full and liquid

using color slips or clays. Agate and onyx ware were
formed by layers of different colored clays, crossed, cut,
and pressed into moulds.

In 1871, Wedgwood introduced his famous Jasper ware,
and Jasper dip 'or washed Jasper. This latter ware was
dipped into admixtures of metallic oxides, producing blue,
lilac,, pink, s ige green, olive, yellow and black colors as de¬
sired.

Stone-wares differ from earthenwares, owing to the pres¬
ence of a larger percentage of silica in the plastic material,
which, being fired at a greater degree of heat, vitrifies the
body or paste into a kind of glass, thus ensuing a closeness

Monks Giving Drink to the Thirsty

brush upon the absorbent enamel ground, and then glazed
with a plumbeous glaze. Some of this Delft ware is very
fine in quality, the cobalt blues under the glaze being re¬
markably soft and rich in color.

At Rouen a fine earthenware covered with tin enamel
was manufactured. The decorations wrere usually in blue
and with overglaze painting, i. e., after the white enamel
was fired, finer and more delicate detail being obtained by
this process, but at the cost of the purity and liquid soft¬
ness of color which is so characteristic of Delft and Oriental
underglaze painting.

and hardness of material not possessed by ordinary earthen¬
ware. Stone-ware is usually glazed during the firing by
throwing common salt into the kiln, which being volatilized,
reacts upon the silica in the body, forming with it a silicate
of soda or glass, having a minute granular texture.

A peculiar red stonewvare, porcelain, or Red China as it
was called, was made near Burslem by the Brothers Tiers,
1688-1710, the ornamentation being obtained by pressing
sharp intaglio copper moulds upon pieces of clay attache'! to
the shaped ware.

CLMV RECORD,

Porcelain is technically known under the terms “hard
paste” (“pate dure”) and “soft” (“pate tendre”). Hard
porcelain is made from clays containing much alumina and
felspar or decomposed granite, having but little plasticity,
which necessarily influenced the shape or profile of the
vessel.

The color scheme and the character of the modelling for
terra cotta in buildings is determined by conditions of light

color should be divided and varied inversely as their dis¬
tance from the eye.

STANFORD WHITE WAS TO BUY OLD CAMP

PLANT.

Publications were made at Wooster, Ohio, that Stanford
White, the man murdered by Harry K. Thaw, was about to
interest himself in the clay plant formerly owned by H. B.

Monks Embalming and laying out the Dead.

and distance from the eye. A color scheme, suitable for an
interior room in diffused light, would be at a disadvantage
if placed in full sunlight, and vice versa.

A color scheme, such as the Greeks used of strong, crude
colors, reduced in effect by the glare of intense sunlight
would be crude in effect if seen in climates lacking strong
sunlight, a quieter color scheme is required where gray days
are prevalent.

The finish of the modelling should be varied to suit the
atmospheric effects and also the distance from the eye.

Della Robbia and Donatello each modelled a frieze of
singing boys for organ lofts in Florence. Robbia’s singers

Camp, Akron, O., in the western part of Wayne county
when he met his death. It is stated that Mr. Huffman, of
the brick and tile plant at Horace, near Shreve, had inter¬
ested White in the possibilities of the industry, and that
White had given out the information that he would put
money in the plant and have it run at a profit. He had an
appointment to visit the place the Thursday following his
death. It is said that very little work is now done at this
plant. It is interesting to note also that Thaw was at one
time a student at Wooster university.

Monks giving Food to the Hungry.

seen close at hand seemed instinct with life, the muscles of
the neck were seen expanded with the effect of singing, but
when viewed at a height of twenty feet from the pavement,
these effects were lost and the composition seemed tame
compared with Donatello’s whose modelling seemed coarse
and sketchy seen at close view.

It is evident that the same results would apply to color
schemes. Seen close at hand, the color scheme should be
delicately varied, composed of tertiary colors, while seen at
a great height from the pavement the colors should be
strong and in masses, stated as a general rule. Masses of

MUST MAINTAIN PAVEMENT FIVE YEARS.

Contractors who lay brick pavement in Milwaukee, Wis.,
must guarantee to maintain it in good condition for five
years, if a report agreed upon by the judiciary committee of
the council recently is adopted. This has been the rule as
to asphalt pavement. After much opposition and dispute,
the bill of Contractor Henry Hase for laying brick pavement
on Mitchell street has been approved by the committee. The
Socialists opposed the bill.

CLMY RECORD.

A VERY COMPLETE BRICK PLANT AT
COLUMBUS, GA.

One of the most complete brick plants in the South is
that of Mr. A. L. Crawford, of Columbus, Georgia. While
it is one of moderate size, it is arranged with view to econ¬
omy and convenience, both in manufacturing and shipping.

The works are located at Girard, Alabama, opposite
Columbus, along the Chattahoochee river, and on the main
line of the Andalusia branch of the central of Georgia rail¬
road, which furnishes convenient railroad and river trans¬
portation to the many points to which Mr. Crawford’s brick
are shipped.

The principal product is a first grade fire brick made from
a strata of plastic fire clay, which is as good as any that
has been found in the Alabama Hills. Mr. Crawford owns
fifty acres of this clay, which is located about three-quarters
of a mile from the plant. The material is hauled to the
works by that unique combination of perversity and laziness
“a darky and a mule,” and run through a Raymond No. 20,
Disintegrator which pulverizes it for the Pug Mill. After
a thorough pugging, the clay drops by gravity into a No. 2
Daytonian Brick Machine, which forms it into a smooth
column with perfect edges at the rate of about 30,000 brick
per day. The Cutting Table is a Triumph belt delivery.

The green product is taken from the ofif-carrier belt and
placed in a drier of Mr. Crawford’s own design and con¬
struction. It consists of four tracks using exhaust steam
during the day and live steam at night. The tunnels are ar¬
ranged so that the McKenzie elevating and lowering cars.

The Kiln View of the Crawford Brick Works.
furnished with the Raymond system of open air drying, are
used to advantage. This eliminates a large number of
ordinary drier cars which are ordinarily used with tunnel
driers. The dried brick are set in one of two Raymond
Penn Round Down Draft Kilns, which burn them to an

even temperature throughout.

Besides the fire brick and shapes, Mr. Crawford also
makes a limited number of common brick, pavers, side-walk
tile, etc. These are made from a river lowland clay found

just at the foot of an embankment close to the plant, and is
hoisted to the works by means of cars and winding drum.

The buildings are frame and substantially put up, how¬
ever, the mild climate does not require as close siding as
does the more Northern plants. The entire equipment was
furnishd by The C. W. Raymond Company, of Dayton,
Ohio, and is thoroughly modern in every detail. The power
is derived from a 90 H. P. fire tubular boiler and 75 H. P.
engine.

View Showing the A. L. Crawford Brick Works at Girard,

Alabama.

Mr. Crawford is one of the best known citizens of Col¬
umbus and his progressive energy is well shown by the
fact that the amount of business now coming in threatens
to seriously overtax the capacity of his plant.

4 » »

AMERICAN SEWER PIPE STATEMENT.

In submitting the annual report of the American Sewer
•Pipe company as of Dec. 31, 1906, President F. H. Kon-
dolf stated that the company is in good financial condition,
with plenty of cash working capital, and that since the
balance sheet was made up all bills and accounts have been
paid.

The company also paid off $50,000 of its bonded debt.
While car shortage and other drawbacks made a material
difference in the business of the company, the net earn¬
ings, after charging off for depreciation, were $278,965.74.

Following is a condensed balance sheet as of Dec. 31,
1906, which compares as follows :

ASSETS.

1906 1905.

Cost pr., etc.' . $9,263,818 $9,253,029

Cash . 194,029 190,850

Accounts and bills received . 339>8i3 342,565

Goods and suppies . 754,581 850,110

Totals .

Capital stock .

Bonds .

Acounts payable
Wages accr. . .
Int. and tax ac
Dividends ....
Surplus .

. $10,552,243 $10,636,554

LIABILITIES.

. $7,805,700 $7,805,700

. 1,484,000 1,532,000

. 40,670 33,969

. 34,471 30,754

. 39,73 1 30,734

. 58,542 58,543

. LO89.I27 1,135,855

Totals

$10,552,243 $10,636,554

CLAY

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company,

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor.
SUBSCRIPTIONS.

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States, Canada or Mexico
and one dollar fifty cents for all other foreign countries.

Papers are not stopped at the end of subscriptions unless the sub¬
scribers order them so and pay up the arrearages.

ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POST OFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER,

Vol. XXX. FEBRUARY 28, 1907. No. 4

*« 1 like to read American advertisements. They are in
themselves literature, and 1 can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.” — William E. Gladstone.

Short sermons make popular preachers.

Never judge a man by the company he keeps. It may be
his wife’s folks.

Its impossible to love a man for the enemies he has made
if you are on the list.

Men with cheerful dispositions are more inclined to bor¬
row' money than trouble.

Some men spend more time trying to avenge their fancied
wrongs than they do in trying to keep within their rights.

Don’t waste any time trying to get something for nothing.
Adam got the apple without money and without price — and
remember his finish.

Devote your spare time to the consideration of your own
faults, for a change, and you will have less to say about the
faults of your neighbors.

Subscribe now for the only semi-monthly clay journal
that is printed twice per month in America. It costs only
one dollar for a whole year. Do not delay but become one
of our school at once. It will pay you.

SOUTH AFRICA OFFERS A GOOD MARKET FOR
THE CEMENT INDUSTRY.

Consul John H. Snodgrass, of Pretoria, in response to
inquiries regarding the cement industry in South Africa
writes :

Since the British occupation here, South Africa has pre¬
sented one of the very best markets in the world for cement
because of the new life infused in the country through the
public works departments of the various colonies, includ¬
ing harbor extensions, railway building, sanitary projects,
cold-storage concerns, and the like. Business blocks have
been added to all the cities in which cement has entered to
a large degree, an outside veneering always bing added to
the brick interior both in dwellings and office buildings. It
is not surprising, therefore, that during the past few years
the importations of the product have not fallen much below
Si, 000, 000; in fact 1903, the banner year in all importations,
records $2,500,000 worth of cement, while 1904 was but
little behind that record. I11 that competition America cut
but little figure, shipping to he Transvaal less han $400
worth in 1903 and about double that amount the following
year, while Germany’s contribution during the same period
was $341,875 and $529,800, respectively, England follow* -
ing with $217,725 and $252,325 for those two years.

Before 1898 the United Kingdom furnished the bulk of
the cement imported, but with the subsidizing of steamship
lines and cheap rates to seaports in the Fatherland, Germany
entered the South African field that year and captured 16
per cent, of the total imports. Four years later, Belgium
and Denmark entered the lists, when the position of the
principal competitors stood as follows : United Kingdom,
43 4 per cent. ; Germany, 37.2 ; Belgium, 18, while the re¬
maining 1.4 was divided between Denmark and other Eu¬
ropean countries, the United States not figuring at all. In
1903 other nations, viz., Austria, France, Italy, Holland,
and Sweden, took part in the competition and captured
part of the trade of Germany. Great Britain increased to
51.4 per cent, and Germany dropped to 23 per cent. Amer¬
ica, in the meantime, had sold in the neighborhood of $400
worth in that twelvemonth — a poor showing. From that
time, however, the United Kingdom has been gradually in¬
creasing its hold, and advanced from 70 per cent, in 1904
to approximately 90 per cent, last year, of the total imports,
while Germany decreased nearly to its standing of 1898.

The British affirm that their hold on the market is due
to the firm and united action of their manufacturers, to the
uniform quality of their product, and also, to some extent,
to the customs preference, the last-named reason probably
furnishing the greatest impetus to their trade, though they
claim that the subsized steamship lines of the Germans make
up for the preferential tariff.

The one factory in South Africa, situated just outside the
limits of this city, was a failure up to a year ago, when
Ezekiel Davidson, an American, was brought here and
placed in charge. He immediately purchased an American
kiln, which was substituted for an ancient one that had been
in use, and introduced American ideas. This resulted in
1905 in a production of 75,000 barrels, which was marketed

CLHY RECORD

here at 25 shillings ($6.08) a barrel, and I am told that
many times that amount could have been sold in Johannes¬
burg alone. It is understood that the Pretoria factory's
capacity will be increased threefold, and that other mills will
be erected near Johannesburg and in the Orange River
colony.

My advice to Americans is to get into the market. If it
is not possible to compete with the British preferential tariff,
then erect factories here. That would bring a surer and
safer reward than a hazard investments in gold and di¬
amond claims. v

I have been asked the question, “What suggestions do you
offer to American firms desiring to sell in this country?”

I reply, first, take warning from the case of Germany
and do not place an inferior product upon the market simply
because it is cheap and sells well at sight, but which in the
long run means ruin. Produce as superior an article as is
said to be produced in England, and if it can be made at an
equal cost at home I believe, that even with a preferential
tariff, the American manufacture will, in the course of a
comparatively short time, take precedence of the English
goods. It will be futile to attempt to introduce American
cement here without a strong effort by way of traveling
salesmen who will be able to organize the territory through
the agencies they shall establish. Should the ocean freights
between New York and the coast towns of Africa be re¬
duced and the lines be removed from the combine, then
America will stand a splendid chance of furnishing the bulk
of cement to South Africa.

A. A. GERY MADE PRESIDENT OF THE SEA¬
BOARD COMPANY, AND WILL SUPERIN¬
TEND CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT.

At a meeting of the directors of the Montello Brick
Works, Reading, Pa., the following executive committee
was appointed: Chairman, Lambert A. Rehr; Dr. Walter
A. Rigg and A. J. Brumbach. They will have entire charge
of the plants of the Montello Brick Works, Reading Shale
Brick Company and the Middletown Shale Brick Company.

A. A. Gery, president of the United States Brick Com¬
pany, will devote his entire time to the construction of the
Seaboard Brick Company’s plant at Catskill, N. Y., along
the Hudson river, which is one of the constituent companies
of the United States Brick Company, and of which Mr.
Gery was elected president.

The Seaboard Brick Company, of New York, is capital¬
ized at $7,500,000. The plant will produce 1,000,000 a day,
or 300,000,000 a year — more than all of the United States
Brick Company’s factories combined.

OBITUARY

Ira Francis Pinkham died at his home at Dover Point,
N. H., after a long and painful illness. He was 73 years of
age and for nearly 40 years was engaged in the manufacture

of brick.

Isaac H. Vanarsdale, of Flack & Vanarsdale, proprietors
of the Cornwell pottery at Cornwell, Ontario, is dead. He
was 68 years old and had been in business in Cornwell for

40 years. ,

FIRE! FIRE! FIRE!

Fire threatened the plant of the Northwestern Terra
Cotta Company, 1000 Clybourne Ave., Chicago, when a
blaze broke out in one of the kiln sheds. The loss was only
$1,000.

A fire did $100,000 damage, practically destroying the

_ #

large plant of the Ohio Ceramic Engineering Co., on the
Brear Road, Cleveland, Ohio. L. L. Brown is secretary of
the company.

Fire evidently of an incendiary origin damaged the plant
of the Mason Brick Co., Mason, Ohio, to the extent of a few
thousand dollars. An investigation is being made.

. ■» »♦•

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES

A cave-in of a kiln at the Trumbull Brick plant at War¬
ren, Ohio, caught three men and one, Sam Hoyle, sustained
a fractured skull.

S. P. Wendstrand, who- was employed by the Ridgeway
( Pa.) Brick Works was badly scalded by falling into a pool
of hot water which was caused by exhaust steam.

Willard Robbins has sued the Ferris Brick Co., Waxa-
hachie, Texas, for $10,070 damages for the loss of two fin¬
gers which were badly mangled in a brick machine.

The Capital City Brick Co., Columbus, Ohio, has had
a suit commenced against it for a receiver. W. H. Fish is
president and Charles Harrison secretary of the company.

L. C. Parker and Jim Brady, engineer and machinest at
the Denton (Texas) Brick Co.’s plant were badly burned
while attempting to build a fire in a furnace which uses oil.

Through an explosion of a fuse at the works of the Kier
Fire Brick Co. at Salina, Pa., Simon Nixon, 76 years old,
and an employe, was blown to pieces and four other em¬
ployes injured.

A judgment has been granted to the Kiesel Fire Brick
Co., Rochester, N. H., against the Boston & Maine Railroad
for the damage done to their plant by partly burning it by
a spark from an engine.

PI. A. Talbert, convicted of murder and serving a life sen¬
tence made his escape from the convictTcamps of the Palmer
Brick Co. of Atlanta. Ga. He was a man of means. No
trace of him has been found.

D. K. Farris asks $5,300 damages from the Globe Brick
Co., Waxahachie, Texas, on account of being injured while
attempting to lift a large shaft with other employes. The
other men dropping their end so as to injure him.

A receiver is now being' asked for the Ondin-Bergman
Fire Clay Mining and Mfg. Co. at Spokane. Wash., by
Thomas F. Conlan, who owns one-half interest in the prop¬
erty and cannot elect officers on account of a tie vote.

Herman Kinzel wants $10,000 damages from Spear &
Clarke, brick manufacturers at Toledo, Ohio, because of a
wheelbarrow loaded with brick falling upon him. He
claims that his left ear is so injured that he can’t sleep on
his left side.

The Stoneware Pipe & Tile works of Fast Alton, Ills.,
has brought suit against the Big Four Railroad for $75,000
damages suffered by the company through alleged improper
construction of the railroads embankment which caused
water tc flood the plant.

CLKY RECORD.

TRIED TO WORK SPANISH “DARLING DAUGH¬
TER’’ GAME.

P. A. Wolff, the well-known brick manufacturer, Cedar
Papids, Iowa, would like to know how some person who
signs his name “Bladislableva,” and who claims a jail in
Madrid, Spain, as his place of residence, was able to get
hold of his name and address and why he singled him out
from the eighty million or more other inhabitants of the
United States as one who would be likely to “bite" on a
swindle that has become decidedly ancient in this portion
of the state. The method by which the gentleman with the
unpronouncable name expected to extract some good Amer¬
ican money from Mr. Wolff is partially explained in the fol¬
lowing letter received by him a few days ago :

“Mr. Philip Wolff, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

“Dear Sir: Notwithstanding that I know you only from
good inquiries of your honesty, my said situation compels
me to reveal you an important affair in which you can pro¬
cure a modest fortune, saving at the same time the one of
my darling daughter.

“Before being imprisoned here I was established as a
banker in Russia, as you will see by the enclosed article
from one of many English newspapers which have published
my arrest in London.

“I beg to beseech you if you will help me to obtain a
sum of $480,000 I have in America, and for that to come
here to rise the seizure of my equipage, paying to the regJ-
istrar of the court the expenses of my process, to take up
my portmanteaus containing a secret where I have hidden
the documents indispensable to recover the said sum. As
a reward I give you the third part, viz., $150,000.

“I cannot receive your answer in the jail, but you will
send a cablegram to a person of my reliance who will de¬
liver it to me surely.

“I await your cablegram to instruct you of all my secret,
and hoping to receive, dear sir, your best sympathy, I am

“Yours truly,

“Bladislableva/'’

“First of all, answer by cablegram, not by letter, as fol¬
lowing: Fausto Gibon, Lista Telegraph, Madrid, Spain.
Accept, Wolff.”

The alleged newspaper clipping enclosed is also evidently
a “fake” and has been printed to suit the purposes of the
enterprising Spaniard. It tells of the arrest of a banker
at St. Petersburg, who eloped with a prominent young
woman, leaving a deficit of more than five million rubles.
The item states that he was arrested in London by an order
of the Spanish ambassador, who received authority from
Rusia. The arrest was made as he was leaving a hotel to
take a boat for America, and after his arrest it developed
that he had also killed an officer while in Russia. The item
states that he was taken to Spain and tried and convicted
for manslaughter.

The game is by no means a new one.

HEADQUARTERS OF THE REESE- HA MMOND
COMPANY WILL BE IN PITTSBURG.

The Reese-Hammond Fire Brick Company has moved
its headquarters from Bolivar to Pittsburg, Pa. The com¬
pany has always maintained an office in Pittsburg, the main
offices being at Bolivar. The officers of the company re¬
cently came to the conclusion that their best interests would
be best subserved by having the main office in Pittsburg. J.
B. Hammond, William M. Wynn, I. L. Hammond, William
Welsh, and Miss Katherine Short will hereafter be identi¬
fied with the Pittsburg office. B. F. Reese, Ben R. Ham¬
mond and Miss Vesta McKelvey will remain in Bolivar and
look after the company’s interest there.

ANOTHER SECRETARY GONE WRONG.

The statement is made officially that E. T. Martin, former
secretary of the Jefferson Brick company, Birmingham, Ala.,
a concern with eight brickmaking companies in the mem¬
bership, was recently found short in his accounts to the
amount of $15706.32. False entries, it is stated, were found
on the books, and upon being confronted with the short¬
age, Martin is said to have admitted the same and stated
that the money had gone across gambling tables in Birming¬
ham.

The accused did not leave the country, and while not here
right now, his whereabouts are said to be known. He has a
wife and two children, the wife being wrought to a wonder¬
ful state over the disgrace. The Jefferson Brick company
was organized in 1903, and Martin was given the position
of bookkeeper. A year later he was elected secretary with¬
out bond and given the custody of all the accounts of the
concern. His peculations began nearly a year ago, ac¬
cording to the story given out by a high official of the com¬
pany. The “crap table” was first sought, and then in order
to get back the various sums, larger amounts were taken
of the company’s funds in the effort to win back what had
been lost. The denouement followed. Martin is a man of
much education. He had the implicit confidence of the com¬
pany and was never under suspicion until a few months
since.

- <*-►-* -

SEABOARD BRICK COMPANY BUYS 553 ACRES
OF LAND IN CATSKILL.

Catskill, Feb. 24 — The purchase here to-day by the Sea¬
board Brick Company of New York city of 553 acres of clay
and shale land owned by former Sheriff C. A. Post means
the establishment of a building brick plant with a capacity
of 300,000,000 brick annually.

Dawson Coleman of Lebanon, Pa., is president and A. A.
Gery, president of the United States Brick Company of
Reading, Pa., is vice-president of the Seaboard Company,
which is capitalized at $7,000,000. Delancey Nicoll of New
York is director of the company.

DENOMINATED CONTINUOUS DECORATING
KILNS TO BE INSTALLED.

Recently representatives of various potteries went to
Monaca, Pa., to inspect continuous kilns installed at that
place. These kilns are for decorated ware and it is claimed
that ware can be taken from these kilns within five minutes
after being placed within the kilns. The ware passes through
the kilns and is taken out completed. It is claimed that the
cost of burning is less than ten per cent of the present cost.
Those who visited Monaca were well pleased with what they
saw and the Sebring (Ohio) pottery decided to install the
continuous in their pottery at once. Mr. Davidson, of the
Sebring, was sent to East Liverpool with orders to purchase
machinery for continuous kilns to be built as soon as pos¬
sible. There is no patent on the new device, but the install¬
ing of the new style kilns is expensive. When the new kilns
are in operation a rush order can be sent through the kilns
and to the packing sheds within a few minutes.

CALIFORNIA SENDS MICE.

A bunch of five mice from California arrived unexpectedly
and unheralded in Bucyrus, Ohio, a few days ago. Their
arrival was as great a surprise to themselves as to their
recipients. Four of the little fellows have taken up their
abode in Bucyrus for keeps but the fifth has gone to the
great beyond.

Several days ago a consignment of clay was received
from California at the clay testing department of The Amer¬
ican Clay Machinery company. The clay had been put in
sacks and then boxed tight. Evidently the person who had
packed the clay had spaded it up and dumped each spade-
full in the sacks. In this way he must have spaded up a
family of mice and sacked them before the little fellows
knew what was happening to them. The sack being tightly
boxed prevented escape and the whole family arrived by ex¬
press in Bucyrus and was delivered at the clay testing room
of the American company. When the package was opened
and the chunks of clay were broken up for working the
mice ran in all directions. One was killed but the others
escaped. The mice were boxed up for over a week but
probably had food enough in their nest to keep them from
hunger. — Ex.

CEMENT PLANT TO COST $1,750,000 FOR

ST. LOUIS.

D. A. Marks, president of the Continental Brick Company
of St. Louis, Mo., announced that a contract had been en¬
tered into between the company and certain eastern cement
manufacturers, giving the eastern capitalists the privilege
of erecting a modern mill, with a capacity of 2,500 barrels
of cement a day, on ground owned by the brick company
four miles west of Carondelet, at the junction of the Mis¬
souri Pacific and the Frisco and Rock Island railways.

The proposed mill is to be one of the largest west of the
Mississippi river and will involve the investment of about
$1,750,000 before it is completed. Work will be commenced
as soon as the weather permits, and the contractors have
promised its completion before the end of 1907.

Representatives of the eastern firm have been touring the
west and middle west in search of a desirable location for a
plant. When they viewed the ground of the Continental
Brick Company they came to a quick decision, stating that
St. Louis had advantages in manufacturing and distribu¬
tion more than equal to those of any other point in the west,
or possibly in the entire LTnited States.

The ground, which has been leased, consists of 150 acres
near Shores switch, at the junction of the Missouri Pacific
and the Frisco, and is lined with limestone deposits for a
known depth of 150 feet. This furnishes a practically inex¬
haustible supply of material. The Continental Brick Com¬
pany has skinned the clay for a depth of 9 feet or about
twenty-five acres. The rich limestone is exposed in this
tract, which is calculated to furnish material for at least
fifty years.

The board of directors of the Continental Brick Company
is composed of David A. Marks,, president; Otto C. Oehler,
secretary; George Beck, Henry C. Petring and George H.

Petring.

FELT PARALYSIS COMING ON AND BLEW
WHISTLE FOR AID

Believing that he was going to die from paralysis, Harry
Hanson, of No. 605 Ohio avenue, Trenton, N. J., an engi¬
neer at the Keystone pottery, resorted to a novel scheme of
summoning aid. He grasped the whistle cord, blew the
plant’s whistle until aid reached him and then became un¬
conscious. The employes of the entire plant turned out so
quickly that a panic almost ensued, all believing that there
was a fire.

Hanson was found unconscious by his engine with the
whistle cord still tightly grasped in his hand. He was re¬
moved to McKinley hospital and is not likely to recover.
Hanson suffered a similar stroke some time ago and realized
the next would probably mean his death.

AN OHIO COUNTY COMMISSIONER WANTS A

CLAY BANK.

Lack of a shale bank has put W. F. Eirick, county com¬
missioner, at Cleveland, O., in a temporary quandary con¬
cerning his recent proposal that the county use jail pris¬
oners to make its own paving brick.

“I have gone into the inquiry thoroughly to find a brick¬
yard for sale, but there seems to be an understanding among
brick men. Everyone I have approached has put the price
for his plant away beyond reason. One man, whose plant,
figuring at the highest estimate, I know is not worth more
than $40,000, asked $150,000. Others are like him. The
only recourse is to start a new brickyard. But for paving
brick, shale is necessary. I do not know of any shale
banks on the market. The news of one would be the best
I could hear just now.

“The saving to the county by such a brickyard would
be more than is commonly understood. I have gone thor¬
oughly into the law on. the subject, and while a county
cannot establish such a plant to compete directly with other
manufacturers, it can make its own brick and also sell to
other counties for public improvements only. But such
public improvements would be enough to keep the plant
busy the year around.

“The cost of such a plant should not be more than $25,-
000. Of course, I do not believe in a convict working on
the public road with ball and chain. But with a stockade
around such a plant as I propose the esthetic objections
should be satisfied. The labor organizations are with me
on the matter; the only possible objectors would be the
brickmaking firms who are charging us high prices tor

brick. ..

“I do not believe the taxpayer would find any fault it

he knew the saving the scheme would contrive for him.
But I do hope some owner of a shale bank will get into

communication with me.” _

A. B. Lea, county surveyor, who has been in the brick
business, figures that a saving of $5 a thousand could be
made on brick manufactured by convict labor. The county
uses in a vear 4,000,000 paving brick. The saving on
Cuyahoga county brick alone would, therefore, be at least
$20,000 a year. A plant, though, of 5°-000 brick capacity
a day, could be run with the convict labor at the disposal
of the county. The surplus, sold to other counties and
possibly to the city, would, therefore, make the profit of
such a scheme as Eirick proposes at least $75,000 a year.

CLHY RECORD

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS

R. H. Worthley and C. Worthley have formed a partner¬
ship at Monterey, Minn., to manufacture cement blocks and
tile.

The Norton Composite Brick Co., Norton, Nebr., have
added to their equipment a tile making- machine so that they
can turn out cement tiling.

The Brillsford Artificial Stone & Tile Co. of Wilkesbarre,
Pa., has been incorporated with $100,000 capital stock to
manufacture and sell stone and tile.

The Hampton (la.) Cement Construction Co., is figuring
on enlarging and engaging in the cement tile business. Geo.
E. Sargent is the manager of the company.

The Iowa Granite Brick Company, Cedar Rapids, Iowa,
is making improvements to its plant so as to keep up with
the increasing demand for their sand lime brick.

The Malcolm-Johnson Brick Co., Valhalla, N. \ ., has
purchased land and will install machinery to make 10,000
brick a day. The colors made will be red, yellow and sand.

The Madison (Ga.) Concrete Company is a new industry
that will furnish al kinds of concrete, brick and tile. The
works of the Bond-Wiliford Flouring Mill near the Georgia
Ry. depot. _

Work has been started on the new sand lime brick plant
at Ballston, Spa, N. Y., which is in charge of Edwin G.
Kastenlmber of Schenectady, N. Y., who represents the
owners. The building will be 80x100 feet.

The Menominee (Mich.) Brick Co. has finished its sea¬
son’s run and shut down after a most successful year. The
plant wil be repaired and the machinery overhauled. The
company has several large orders to fill soon as it starts up.

The Grand Rapids (Mich.) Sand Lime Brick Co. has
been organized, a large tract having the requisite quality
and quantity of sand has been secured and the erection of a
factory, 50x160 feet iirarea will be built at once. There was
no bonus asked for, no free site or exemption from taxes.

The machinery at the sand-lime brick plant of the Hum-
melstown (Pa.) Brown Stone Co. was started this month
by Miss Walton, daughter of A. K. Walton, the manager.
Same will be run light for some time until machinery all
has perfect bearing. It required 250 horse power to operate
the plant.

Gov. Sanchez, for the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, has
granted to Alberto Heredia or a company which he may
organize, a concession to manufacture in Chihuahua, build¬
ing blocks and bricks to be made out of sand and lime. The
plant must be in operation within six months and completed
within one year and is exempt from taxes for ten years.

Rush E. Evans, division manager of the Strawboard de¬
partment of the United Box Board & Paper Co., at Dayton,
Ohio, is associated with the Dayton capitalists in the build¬
ing of a sand lime brick plant on bank of the canal south of
the city. Fifty acres of land which contains sand and gravel
has been purchased and the plant will be started soon as the
canal property is improved as to the shipping.

- - -

The state auditor of Mississippi granted exemption from
Texas to the Minter City Tile & Brick Works, a concern
organized to make drain tile to be used on Delta plantations.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

The Badger Pressed Brick Co., Fond du Lac, Wis., will
erect a brick making plant near Oakfield.

E. A. Hill, Custar, Ohio, has recently purchased a brick
and tile works and will be in the market for improvements
for same.

The Hazelhurst (Miss) Brick Co. has changed hands and
will be operated and enlarged by the new owner, Mr. J.
L. Harris.

R. Z. Ingram, of Gonzales, Texas, and D. L. Joynt will
arrange to establish a plant to develop the clay deposit near
Waxahachie, Texas.

The Beaumont (Tex.) Brick Co. are operating their plant
night and day in order to keep up with their orders, making
50,000 brick at each shift.

The Western Brick Co., Hastings, Nebr., has been reor¬
ganized under the name Western Brick & Supply Co. A.
H. Farrens is the manager.

A large new brick yard to be called the South Side Brick
Yard, is to be located on E. 14th St., Manchester, Va. Ben¬
jamin Davis is the proprietor.

The Ohio Ceramic Engineering Co., Cleveland, Ohio, has
increased its capital stock from $150,000 to $300,000, $200,-
000 being 7 per cent, preferred stock.

H. Dorman has sold his brick works at Port Haney, B. C.,
to H. Burnet, 34 13th Ave., Vancouver, B. C. Mr. Burnet
will operate the works at their fullest capacity.

James R. Ryan, of Philadelphia, has been appointed sup¬
erintendent of the Hamburg (Pa.) Vitrified Brick Co.’s
plant and has already taken charge of the plant.

The plant of the Banner Clay Works at Edwardsville,
Ill., which recently burned to the ground, will be rebuilt
at once. M. M. Bushong is the superintendent.

Strain & Chrissinger, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, have sold the
land upon which their plant stands and will seek a new
location either in that city nearer the railway or elsewhere.

Reports from the builders of the Burke Brick Co., at Ft.
Smith, Ark., are that the plant will be ready to turn out
pavers by the first of June. The foundations for the build¬
ings are all completed.

The Seaboard Brick Co., organized in New York City
with $7,000,000 capital stock, has bought a 550-acre farm
at Catskill, N. Y., and will build a plant there that will turn
out 300,000,000 brick a year.

The Castanea (Pa.) Brick & Tile Co. is now fully organ¬
ized with $125,000 capital stock. The officers are W. B.
Holloway, president; C. A. Holloway, vice-president, and
Dr. L. IT. Holloway, secretary and treasurer. The latter
lives at Salona, Pa.

The Black Dolly Fire Clay Co., Salt Lake City, Utah,
has been incorporated with $25,000 capital stock. The plant
will be at Pleasant Grove. The officers are Israel Cole,
president ; F. A. Cole, vice-president, and Harry S. Harper,
secretary, treasurer and manager.

The Tennessee Brick & Mfg. Co., Chattanooga, Tenn.,
has been incorporated with $50,000 capital stock. The com¬
pany has bought a site on the Tennessee river near Citico.
the incorporators are C. E. James, R. B. Henderson, M. B.
Ochs, William Parks and M. H. Clift.

OLMY record.

The American Sewer Pipe Co. has advanced prices on all
sewer pipe three per cent.

The Alsey (Ills.) Brick & Tile Co. have organized a new
company called the Alsey Promoting Co.

The Morgan County Brick Co., Denver, Colo., has been
incorporated with $8,000 capital stock by Wm. B. Robinson,
F. T. Robinson and Goldie W. Robinson.

The Steelton & Harrisburg (Pa.) Brick Co. have de¬
clared their 13th consecutive annual dividend, this year it
being 6 per cent. They will enlarge the capacity of the
plant.

The land on which the Stanley (N. C.) Brick Co.’s plant
is on has been sold by Jacob Jenkins to W. E. Morrison, of
Statesville, who will -place an up-to-date plant on the prop¬
erty at once.

The Puritan Product Co., Boston, Mass., has been
formed with $25,000 capital stock to deal in clay lands. W.
J. Champion, of Roxbury, is president and F. L. Mitchell,
of Dorchester, is treasurer and secretary.

The Barron Brick Co., Weston, Ontario, will build a
brick plant with 1 50.000 brick daily capacity. 156 acres has
been purchased from two estates and the machinery pur¬
chased. A. F. Brown, of Chicago, is president of the com¬
pany.

The Northwestern Drainage Construction Co., Bancroft,
Nebr., has filed articles of incorporation and a tile factory
for the town is assured. C. J. Lenander is president, J. H.
Welp secretary, Dr. C. M. C. Walters treasurer, and W. J.
Anderson superintendent-. J. J. Warrick will be manager
of the tile drainage.

The Wadsworth (O.) Brick & Tile Co. has increased its
capital stock from $30,000 to $75,000.

The Terpening Brick & Tile Co., Farmington, Ark., are
in the market for an engine of about 50 horse power.

The Waco (Texas) Pressed Brick Co. has been organized
to make 60,000 brick daily. Machinery has been purchased.

D. L. Joynt, South Bosque, Texas, is in charge.

At a meeting of the stockholders of the Bangor (Maine)
Brick Co., it was decided to increase the capital stock to
$50,000. The company has acquired several clay deposits
and is preparing to double its present capacity in order to
meet the demand.

The Altamaha ('Ga.) Brick & Tile Co. which was organ¬
ized and built a plant in 1905, will make extensive improve¬
ments to its plant, making 80,000 brick daily. They will put
in additional engines, brick machinery, steam shovel, dryer
and kilns. W. H. Roberts, of Theo, Ga., is the manager.

The Indian Creek Brick Co. has been incorporated with
$150,000 capital stock and will build a plant in Marshall
county, W. Ya. The incorporators are James J. Terhune,
Henry G. Wolcott, P. B. Jennings, all of Brooklyn, N. Y.,

E. W. Foster, of Central Park, L. I., N. Y., N. L. Malmros,
H. L. Robinson and W. G. Smith of New York.

The Ardmore (Ind. T.) Brick & Tile Co. has been organ¬
ized with $25,000 capital stock and will take over the Cathey
Brick Works. Machinery has been ordered for making
dry pressed brick. J. B. Spragins is president, J. R. Rem
nington vice president, P. C. Dings secretary and treasurer.
The directors are the above and Mike Gorman, R. A. Fox
and Lee Cathey.

Buffalo

The first WASTE HEAT DRYER bore the name
“ Buffalo.” Economy is the watchword and in the third of
a century since we began solving drying problems, there has
been steady enginring progreeess.

“BUFFALO” WASTE HEAT FANS take the Waste
Heat from the kilns and deliver it to the drying chambers,
which can be automatically kept at any temperature and hu¬
midity. “Buffalo” Fans have water-cooled bearings when
necessary.

A L ICABLE TO BRICK, TILE AND TERRA

OTTA PLANTS.

Waste Heat Dryer.

Buffalo” Waste Heat Fan Direct Connected E gine Qur thirty years of SUCCeSS is due to a Constant Study of clays.

Bottom Horizontal Discharge,

Write, stating requirements, and ask for catalog.

BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY, BUFFALO, N. Y„ U. S. A.

CANADIAN BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY, MONTREAL. CANADA.

CLHY

RECORD.

A factory to manufacture patented culvert pipe will be
erected at Gabon, Ohio, by local capitalists. Employment
will be given to ioo men.

R. Remp, Dresback, Minn., is closing out his brick busi¬
ness and the yards will be idle this year unless the Potter
estate concludes to run the yard.

It was noted in the last issue that the Bessemer (Ala.)
Brick Co. was sold ; since then Messrs. Jay and Holt have
bought the plant. The plant is being enlarged.

A new brick factory will shortly be erected at Torreon,
Mexico, in which a large number of Saltillo capitalists are
interested. Harry Scholfield, of Saltillo, will be the general
manager.

The Central Kentucky Brick & Tiling Co. was incor¬
porated in Lexington, Ivy., with $15,000 capital stock.
Among the incorporators are B. C. Hagerman and ex-Sena-
tor C. J. Bronson.

It has been learned that the Dider-March Co., of New
York, who purchased the clay manufacturing plant of Adam
Weber's sons near Perth Amboy, N. J., will shortly build a
large addition to the plant.

The Imperial Brick Mfg. Co. has filed articles of incor¬
poration at Oakland, Cal., with $200,000 capital stoVk. The
stockholders are B. Kelsey, Charles W. Jennings, J. H.
Smith, J. L. Smith and John Buswell.

The Bippus (Ind.) Tile Co. has been incorporated with
$15,000 capital stock. They have taken over the plant
which was run under a partnership by J. W. McCollum,
Bradley Howenstine and M. G. Wright. The plant will be
enlarged and a steam drying system added.

MOW TO SELL
BUILDING
MATERIAL

Ghe Ideal Concrete “Block Ma°
chinery makes blocks at a cost
that permits the underselling of
all other building material.

Adaptable as to size of block
lid countless designs of face
nd natural stone effect.

Wonderfully simple. No
chains, springs or gears.

Catalogue Jand fortune mak¬
ing facts on application.

That’s why most
manufacturers of Ideal
Concrete Building
Blocks are working on
advance of orders.

IDE AL

Concrete Machines

Their rapidity of operation
produces building blocks
at the lowest possible cost.
.Embody the only
principle (face down) per¬
mitting the practical use of
rich facing material with less
expensive material in back
of blocks.

Ideal Concrete Mc’h’y Co.

Dept. W.

South Bend - « Ind.

“Mussens Limited, Montreal,
Agents for Canada”

Duncan, Ind. T., citizens propose to build a large brick¬
making plant in that city.

Paul J. Robertson, Mt. Vernon, Texas., wants estimates
in the installation of a brick plant.

The Mansfield Brick Co. has just been organized at
Rockmart, Ga., with $4,500 capital stock.

IT. M. Baldridge, of Mt. Auburn, Ill., has practically de¬
cided to establish a tile plant at Onnawa, Iowa.

Van Cleve Bros, have leased the St. Clair Tile Works at
Eaton, Ohio ; and will run it to its fullest capacity.

Johnson Bros., at Clayworks, near Ft. Dodge, la., will
double the capacity of their plant. The machinery is now
being installed.

Sixty brickmakers employed by the Builders’ Brick Co.,
at Chicago Heights, Ill., have been called out on a strike,
closing down the yard.

Ira C. Farney, who has been with the Scioto Fire Brick
Co. at Sciotoville, O., for the past 20 years, has severed
his connections and moved to New Mexico.

C. E. Martin, of Portland, Oregoh, is at Spokane, Wash.,
trying to induce citizens there to invest in a $25,000 brick
making proposition at Lake Coeur d’ Alene.

The Acme Roofing Tile Co., of Prospect Hill, Mo., re¬
cently filed articles of incorporation at Clayton, Mo., capi¬
tal stock $100,000. Leslie G. Sharp and other Chicagoans
are the incorporators.

The Enid (Okla.) Vitrified Brick & Tile Co: has sold
3,000,000 brick to A. O. Campbell, of Oklahoma City. This
will make it so the company will double the capacity of the
plant.

“DIRECT HEAT

— FOB -

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

62-64 William St. NEW YORK CITY

FOR SALE

W. H. VANDER HAYDEN.

Ionia, Mich.

ENGINES AND BOILERS

Corlis engines, 20x48, 18x36, 16x42, 12x36. Also 40
other sizes and styles in stock.

Boilers, Tubular, 84x18. 78x16, 72x18. Also 60 other
styles and sizes in stock.

Send specifications of your requirements and we
will make you a proposition that will interest you.

THE RANDLE MACHINERY CO.

1732 Powers St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

FOR SALE CHEAP.

Monarch Brick Machine No. 166, capacity
35,000. One Brewer Clay Crusher, one Sander and
Dump Table, four Brick Barrows, three Brick Trucks
About 16,00i> Lath Pallets. Shafting and Pulleys
All the above are in good condition. Will sell all or
part to suit purchasers. Address

PFEFFER & SON.

Gettysburg, Pa.

BRICK AND TILE MACHINERY AT SACRIFICE

Where a country is tiled, factories are offered
complete, or in part. Cheap. Have several Brewer
Mills for sale, and others.

Engines, Boilers, Crushers. Drying Pipes, etc. If
vou wish to buy or sell write

Brick and Tile Machinery

Secor, Ill.

FOR SALE.

An up-to-date brick plant. Capacity 35,000 brick
Cheap fail and labor. Fine shipping facilities and
an abundance of pure loose clay, l.ocal demand
takes almost entire output at good price. Will bear
close investigation. Good reason for selling.

Address, WM. M. READ,

Princeton, Ind.

MACHINERY FOR SALE

One No. 2 Giant brick and tile, machine with dies
for tile from 3 to 8 inches and side cut brick die.
One Bunsing automatic tile cutter. One Bunsing
automatic block and end cut brick cutter.

$100 worth of repairs would put them all in first-
class condition. Will sell cheap. Reason for sell¬
ing. am using larger capacity. 1801 Second Ave.

Rock Island, Illinois.

BRICK YARD FOR SALE.

Brick Yard for sale cheap. A bargain to the right
party. Good market at hand. For further informa¬
tion address

BRICKMAKER,

Care Clay Record, Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE AT A BARGAIN.

One Sampson Steel Company’s Sand-lime Brick
Press in good condition, used but a short time.

Address W. P. BRUBAKER,

Jacksonville, Fla.

FOR SALE

Oue H. Brewer & Co. Second-hand No. 5 Brick
Machine.

One H. Brewer & Co. Stone Separating Crusher.
One 8 foot Pug Mill. H. E- SWIFT

Riverside, Iowa

MACHINERY FOR SALE

The following machinery not used by us but all
in good condition, will be sold at very reasonable
prices.

One Penfield Single Mould Power Re-Press, capa¬
city 10,000 a day .

Two Fate Company Bensing Automatic Side cut¬
ting tables. American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave., New York.

FOR SALE

20,000 Wooden Fillets, 32 inches by 10 inches, fg
inch lumber, legs 3% inches high, 1J^ inches thick.
A bargain if taken at once. Address

JASPBIR ADAMS
Battle Creek, Mich.

FOR SALE

One Second hand Four Mould Dry Press, in good
order. One of the best presses on the market.
Answer quick if you want it.

Address G. care Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

PLANT FOR SALE.

FOR SAEE — A first-class Brick and Tile Plant in
northern Minnesota, capacity 50,000 daily. Good
reason for selling.

Address, JOHN C. PETERSEN.

Pelican Rapids, Minn.

SITUATION, INVESTMENT OR LEASE.

Wanted, situation as manager or assistant of
either Dry-Press or stiff-mud brick plant, by one
who is thoroughly practical in all details pertaining
to both the manufacturing and sales end of the
business. Could also invest some capital, or would
consider leasing a small up-to-date plant.

Address Ohio, care CI.AY RECORD. Chicago.

MANAGER WANTED

An experienced brick maker as superintendent
and manager of a new brick plant, located on the
Hudson River. River and rail shipments to New
York. We are equipped with three machines,
plenty of power, entire new equipment. Clay and
sand within 600 feet of the machines, conveyed over
trussel on cars to machines. Large sand bank from
which abundence of sand can be shipped. Will re¬
quire an investment from party wishing this posi¬
tion. Will give to right person absolute charge of
plant. Address

C. R. SHEFFER, Pres.

Mechanicsville, N. Y.

FOR SALE.

Right and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

COR SALE— CHEAP— New and re-laying rails, 18,
r 16, 30 and 25 pound. For prices, address

ATLAS CAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE

One Mascot machine with brick and tile dies.

One end brick cut-off, style F, made by American
Clay Machinery Co.

One hand side cut brick cut-off.

These at your own price. Reason for selling have
changed to a soft mud yard.

BLANCHARD BRICK & TILE CO.,

Blanchard, Iowa.

PALLETS FOR SALE.

FOR SALE— 8,000 New All Steel Foot Pallets
34x10 inches. In good order. Can be had at a bar
gaiu. Address,

THE CLEVELAND CAR CO.

West Park, Ohio.

FOR SALE.

One Indiana road machine, belt; pulleys.

One 30 horse power Boiler, used one year.

60 brick cars, damaged by fire, parts easily
straightened, very cheap.

4,000 feet, one inch steam pipe for dry kilns.

One Wellington brick machine, cost £800, will sell
for $400 and load on cars. A man having $2000 to
put in brick and tile business can make a good deal
by writing me. C. S. BEADLE,

Saulte Ste. Marie, Mich.

POSITION WANTED

Young man wants position as manager orsuperin-
tendent stiff mud brick yard. Small face brick
yard preferred. Best references. Address

Pittsburg, care Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE OR RENT.

A brick plant, with 11 foot vein of shale, burns a
beautiful red or buff face brick and first-class pavers.
Will make terra cotta or dry pressed brick.

Address Box 12,

Bidwell, Ohio.

PRACTICAL MAN WANTED

Wanted a practical man that can make an invest¬
ment to superintend the installing of a plant and
act as superintendant thereafter, address,

Practical, care Clay Record,

Chicago, Illinios.

BRICK AND TILE FAGTORY FOR SALE CHEAP

Good Sale for att tij* brick and tile you can make.
Located in a county seat. Almost new machinery.
No. 10 Brewer Brick and Tile Machine. Everything
in first-class repair. Reason for selling no experience.
Plenty of clay and shale handy. Call or address

W. W. BLY,

Rushville, Ills.

No belter unde, rut t on
S3 and £13. io

4 Wheel, $3 00

5 Wheel. $'3.25
Guaranteed.

3old by all dealers
R. A. HART. 41 White St.„ BATTLE CREEK. Ml H

FOR SALE OR TRADE.

Two Brick and Tile Plants in Iowa and Illinois
now running. Address,

THE KILN DOCTOR,

514 Fourth Street, Dayton, Ohio.

Paper Joggers quoted.

BRICK PLANT TO LEASE

Will lease my brick plant at Sutton to good party
for one-third profit or one-fifth of the out-put
Plenty of good clay. Good market.

S. HUNZIKER.

Sutton, Neb.

STEAM SHOVEL WANTED

WANTED— A second hand steam shovel of small
capacity. Answer quick.

The Hancock Brick and Tile Co.

Finley, Ohio.

PARTNER WANTED.

A good, reliable man of experience, with some
capital to invest in and take charge of a new Dry
Press Brick Plant. Plenty of shale, and good mar¬
ket for all the brick. Address

DENIS, care Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

HELP WANTED

WANTED— A man who has worked in the ship¬
ping department of a clay pressed brick plant.
Steady work all the year. State experience and
salary expected.

INDIANAPOLIS COMPOSITE BRICK CO.

Indianopolis, Ind.

POSITION WANTED

Position by experienced and practical brickmaker
as superintendent of a stiff-mud or dry-press brick
plant. Experienced in burning brick and care ot
kilns and machinery. Address,

W. S. Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Illinois.

WANTED

To buy or lease a brick plant having shale or fine
clay, raw material and down draught kilns. Address
E. care of CLAY RECORD

Chicago, Illinois.

YARD TO LEASE

C. M. 345 Ohio St., Chicago.

CONCRETE BLOCKS

ARE DURABLE, HANDSOME
AND INEXPENSIVE

PETTYJOHN CO.

622 N. Sixth SI.

TERRE HAUTE. . . IND.

Big Money Made by Manu¬
facturing Them

NO IDLE
DAYS

PETTYJOHN PORTABLE
BLOCK MACHINE

Is the Best. Fastest & Simplest
GUARANTEED

Sent on Trial Catalog Free

FRANK TOOMEY

127 and 131 North Third Street.

<=>

Ck->

OHLISS.

GL>

*c5

ynamos,

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

cTo

rj-i -pj

CLAY WORKER’S HAND=BOOK

A Manual for all Engaged in the
Hanufacture of Articles from Clay

JUST OUT : : PRICE $2.00

Latest Improved Wonder of the Age

I now propose to give
all a chance
to try

The Swift System

by remodeling one
kiln or building one
new one for $100.00.
Write for particulars to

E. F. SWIFT

514 West Fourth St.
Dayton Ohio.

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902

SAOIKTAW, MICH.

Improved Komnick Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

our plants are installed under the supervision of Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand-Lime Brick should be
and can be made. We have Practical Plants Running
Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

$tiAAA jOk. A.

4
<
i

i
<
i

4
4

; Aj

Their Occurence, Properties and Uses

With special reference to those of the
United States, by Heinrich Ries Ph. D.

8 Vol. 490 pages, 65 figures, 44 plates

PRICE $5.00 NET

Clay Record Publishing Co.,

Chicago, Illinois.

►

— ^jr ' oy *

NOW READY— A TREATISE ON

PRODUER"GAS and
GAS-PRODUCERS

BY AN ACKNOWLEDGED AUTHORITY.

1 OVER IOO CHOICE ILLUSTRATIONS— PRICE, $4.00.

A subscription to the CLAY RECORD for one year without additional
charge to those that are not now subscribers.

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO, ILL.

Main Yard and Office Branch Yard Banister River.

South Boston, Va. Branch N. 4 W. Ry.

; BOSTON 'BRICK COMPANY
Manufacturers of Plain and Fancy
Brick., Cement Brick and Blocks

H. W. Cosby, Superintendent and General Manager.

South Boston, Va., January 19, 1907.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co.,

Marion, Ind.

Gentlemen: —

As regards the Rust Clay Feeder we bought of you last year, will say
it has been in use in our branch yard at Houston, Va’ , since last July and
is giving PERFECT SATISFACTION. It practically saves us two men
besides doing the work BETTER and with REGULARITY.

The greatest trouble brick men have is getting hands to feed regu¬
larly — they will over feed and choke the machine break or run belts off
and then sit down and rest while the owner labors to repair and start up
again. Your Clay Feeder is perfect and is indispensable to any brick
manufacturer who wishes to make a good brick at lowest cost.

Yours truly,

Signed by H. W. Cosby, Supt. and Gen. Mgr. BOSTON BRICK CO.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Go.

Marion, Ind.

^ ^ * * **** A A A At A A A A A

Something New In Brick Kilns and Dryers i

A. A. A- A. A A A. A
??▼▼▼▼ ▼ ▼

The Dennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of advantage that
appeal to practical brick •
makers. Patented April 14 ,
1903 and September 8, 1903 ,
Brick plants installed anil
putin operation. Writefo’
booklet. Correspondenc i
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Wafer St.. Norfolk. Va.

►

Abtolutely ta/t and reliable.

A*k your friend*

A WOODEN TOWER

Is a source of annoyance and danger. It is
liable to rot and collapse at any time. A

CALDWELL STEEL TOWER

is safe, staunch and durable and will carry
four times the weight of the filled tank.
Expensive labor is not necessary to erect
these outfits, your own men can do it. We
furnigh all plans.

Send for illustrated catalogue and price list.

j W. E. CALDWELL CO.,

a. a. a. a a A 4

Louisville, Ky.

“THE CHILD’S”
EXTINGUISHER

Salesmen Wanted.

^DE

Honor

SOLD

SlERlt

Shild^

O. J.. CHILDS COMPANY
Sole Manufacturers, UTICA, N. Y.

PERFECTION BRICK MOULDS f

patented jam. 28, 1902.

These are th6
kind of Brick
Moulds the Brick
Makers have al¬
ways wanted but
could not get till
now. lou can
get a mould that
the vents are
right all the time
No change
whether the
Mould is tv At or
dry. Try a sam¬
ple order. Satis¬
faction guaran¬
teed.

THE ARNOLD-GREAGER CO.

Manufacturer* of Brick Machinery
and Supplies of all Kind*.

NEW LONDON, OHIO.

TWO PAPERS FOR the PRIGE OF ONE

THE CONCRETE AGE is the leading paper of its class in
this country — 64 large pages profusely illustrated. Shows
pictures and floor plans; costs, etc., of all kinds of build¬
ings of concrete construction. Ably edited. Invaluable to
every architect and builder. The price is $1.00 per year.

: BOTH PAPERS FOR $1,00

THE SOUTHERN ARCHITECT VPla°nYa.4gV.

How to Use Portland Cement-

From the German of L. Golinelli.

Translated by Spencer B. Newberry, E. M., Ph. D.

A booklet of 30 pages, 5$£x6$£ inches.

PRICE, SO CENTS.

22,000 copies sold in Germany.

Portland Cement Sidewalk Construction.

Compiled by P. B. Beery, and based upon the
experience of many successful contractors.

A booklet of 30 pages, 5$£x6$£ inches.

PRICE, 50 CENTS.

Brick Moulds and
Brick Barrows

With Moulds and Barrows it is not the first
cost, but it is, will they last? We have made
| them for over 30 years and know your wants.

All kinds and shapes. A trial order will con¬
vince.

James B. Crowell & Son,

Wallkill, N. Y.

BBBBBBBBBBBBSIBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBflBBBBBBBflBBBB

;

♦

JML DEAVITT,

PRACTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMIST,
Garden City Block,

CHICAGO.

Analyses of Clay, Sand, Lime, Cement Materials and
Shales a specialty.

Special attention given to the preparation of Clay Pro¬
ducts from the raw material.

A well equipped laboratory and long experience in this
branch of work enables us to give expert reports on obtaining
glazes on refractory materials.

All enquiries in regard to the above will receive prompt
attention.

CLHY RECORD.

TO SOFT MUD BRICK MAKERS

We have in the AMERICAN PRESSED STEEL PALLET the best pallet ever made. It has features
possessed by no other pallet, and is the strongest and longest-lived.

Let us send you a circular explaining why our pallet is what we claim for it. We’ll send a sample pallet
too, if you want it.

Steel pallets need no repairs. That w^ould save a good many dollars in a year. Write us to-day and give
us a chance to prove what we say.

THE AMERICAN PULLEY CO., 29th and Bristol Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

MAKERS OF •‘AMERICAN” WROUGHT STEEL PULLEYS.

WHY YOUR OWN BRICK CUTTING WIRES

When You Can Buy Ready Hade Cheaper?

SEND FOB SAMPLES AND PRICES.

GEORGE S. COX, East Liverpool, Ohio.

MANGANESE

FOR ALL USES.

UiMP.tf^—0 Ground

60-70% 70-80 % &0-90°/o OXIDE.

Clay Workers ‘Goods a Specialty

SAMPLES and prices on INQUIRY.

KENDALL & FLICK

WASHINGTON, D.C.

For Mortar, Brick, Cement, Blocks, Etc.

Highest
Award
St, Louis
Exposition
1904

The I Ricketson MineralColors

QUESTION SETTLED

RED

BROWN

BUFF

PURPLE

BLACK

FOR QUALITY AND STRENGTH WE LEAD

RICKETSON MINERAL PAINT WORKS, Milwaukee, Wis.

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventative for scum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRJEIa & SCHAX.Ii

aos NPW VOPK" *\q. Box

Pearl Street * ' ** ” ivKA 1718

EXPERT SERVICE

WE HAVE

CHIEF BURNERS

For Sewer Pipe, Tile, Building
Paving and Front Brick. Will
instruct your men how to obtain
the best results. Get your burn¬
ing to a system. Address

ANTON VOGT

Pomona, N. C.

G. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

“New Em” £as ?nd p

' 1 a Gasoline Engines

and GAS PRODUCERS

For Catalogue and further information, write to

THE NEW ERA GAS ENGINE GO ■ Ds'' DALE AVe!

Among

JEFFREY DEVICES

are

CENTURY RUBBER BELT CONVEYORS

OF THE TYPE SHOWN

Catalogue free on Elevating, Power=Transmitting, Crush=
ing, Screening Machinery, Electric and Storage Battery
Locomotives for Mines, Mills, Factories, Industrial and
Power Plants. :::::::::

The Jeffrey Mfg. Company,

Columbus, Ohio, U. S. A.

yew Yor% Chicago “Boston St. Louis Denver

] Grinding Pans— Dry and Wet

Tell us the kind of material and capacity you
have and we will quote you accordingly.

We make CRUSHERS also.

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN - - Pittsburg, Pa.

BORTON & TIERNEY CO., Philadelphia, Pa.

j!r v v v v v

EASTERN SALES AGENTS

W W V V WWV

HICKS CLAY CO.

MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF j

Best grade clays which can be manufactured into
anything known to the clay trade.

We have an inexhaustible supply covering 230
acres and 70 feet deep. Unexcelled facilities for prompt
shipments and can load any amount at any time.

All clays 75 Cents per ton, f. o. b. for this year only.

We also offer special inducements for parties desiring
to locate and will entertain any legitimate proposition
even to furnishing one-half of the capital for any sized
plant.

We are located advantageously at junction point of
the Chicago & Alton R. R. and also on the C. B. & Q ,
70 miles north of St. Louis, Mo.

Samples and analysis of all clays sent free upon
request. Correspondence solicited.

H. C. WORCESTER, Secy. CH AS. T. HICKS, Pres.
R00DH0USE. ILL. DRAKE, ILL.

CLKY RECORD.

The Thew Steam Shovels

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

“lie sure you are right, then go ahead,**

G. E. Luce Engineering Co.

(G E. LUCE, Practical Mechanical Engineer)

Sixth Floor, Plymouth Bldg., 303 Dearborn St.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Designer and Constructor for all

Kinds of Clay=Working Plants

B uilding, paving and pressed brick, tile, hollow block and fire-proofing plants
plan and specifications prepared.

Designed and reconstructed several of the largest plants in this country.

Years of experience in this particular field, and formerly engineer in charge
of construction for the Illinois Brick Co. of Chicago.

Machinery, drying and burning troubles corrected.

Examination of properties, clays tested, and advise as to the possibilities of
success of either old or new plants.

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 1 Shovel — Geo. H. Clippertt & Bro., Detroit, Mich.

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

A well-tried and
proven Success.

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

Price Right,
Write Us

STYLE IV o. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,
Rigid. (Patented.)

ALL STYLES

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

2STI3L.ES, OHIO

CLAY RECORD.

HARDENING CYLINDERS

FOR SAND LIME-BRICK IN STOCK
FOR IMMEDIATE DELIVERY

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO., troy, n. y,

Subscribe for the Clay Record

IT IS THE ONLY CLAY JOURNAL PUBLISHED IN AMERICA

Twice Per Month

Only One Dollar

THE TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR CO.

1856 == — — CUYAHOGA FALLS, OHIO, U. S A.=====1907

(

COMBINATION MILLS

T\vice the capacity of a wet pan ard at
less horse power.

SAVE THE UNNECESSARY HANDLING

NO DRY PAN GRINDING. N ■» DUST
E EVATOR. NO EXPENSIVE STOR¬
AGE BINS. NO DU sT SHUTES.

Take the short, high grade road

FROM INVESTMENT TO SUCCESS.

Purchase “Vaughn's” modern machinery
and insure against loss or delay.

PATENTED

NINE FOOT COMBINATION MILL

SEWER PIPE AND TILE PRESSES, NOZ¬
ZLE, SLEEVE AND RUNNER BRICK
MACHINES. DRY AND WET PANS,
PIPF, TILE, CONDUIT AND OTHER DIES.

THE PARENT OF RAPID GRINDING AND TEMPERING. W EVOLVING
PAN AND RECIPROCATING WHEELS

ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON COMPLETE

EQUIPMENT. j

Sand Lime Brick Machinery

FURNISHED BY

THE SEMISTEEL COMPANY

CLEVELAND - - - OHIO

Write for Further Information

SAND-LIME BRICK MACHINERY

Furnished and Installed by the

4 i i . r

International Sand-Lime Brick Machinery Co.

(Incorporated under the laws of the State of New York)

Under the Safest and Strongest Guarantees.

Inventors and Owners of the “ Division Method” (patented in
the United States and all Foreign Countries)

Write for information to the

International Sand-Lime Brick & Machinery Co.

156 Liberty Street
NEW YORK

CLAY RECORD.

Note the Strength, Note the Convenience, Note the Capacity

IF YOU WANT QUALITY— A FULL VALUE FOR THE MONEY—

YOU HAVE IT HERE

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY COMPANY -

► — — * d •* k .

BUCYRUS,*OHIO
U. S. A.

No. 64 Nine Foot Pan

New Desig'n— Nothing' LiKe It

mam

WE MAKE OUR OWN DRYERS AND CAN GUARANTEE THEM.

SEWER PIPE MACHINERY

Soft Mud Brick Machinery.

Stiff Mud Brick Machinery.

Dry Press Brick Machinery.

Sand-Lime Brick Machinery.

Pottery and Cement Machinery.

Waste Heat, Steam, Hot Air and
Furnace Dryers.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

HUCYRUy. OHIO

CLHV RECORD.

DRY PRESS BRICK
MACHINERY

All joints carefully fitted. All gearing heavy
and strong. Side frames massive. Adjustable
mold feed and pressure. Long dwelling pres¬
sure. Smooth, dense, perfect brick.

We build Stiff, Soft Mud and Sand-Lime
Brick Machinery, all kinds of Dryers and their
equipment. We build all our own Dryers
and can guarantee them.

THE

American Clay Machinery Go.

BUCYRUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

STIFF MUD BRICK MACHINERY

We build other machines, larger and smaller capacity, same
quality. We build everything needed to make clay products.
Also Dryers that we can guarantee. Write for catalog.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

OLKY RECORD

i . . I III . ^

Your Choice of Cutters©
Your Choice of Movements

No. 62 HAND-POWER ROTARY BRICK CUTTER

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

WE BUILD the most dependable line of
* sand-lime brick machinery on the
market including every tool appliance
or machine required in a modern
sand-lime brick-plant. Our cata¬
logue of this line of machinery
yours for the asking. It
tells of the quality of each
machine and quality of
machinery is the key¬
stone of success in
the manufacture
of sand-lime
brick.

We also
build a full
line of machinery
and appliances for
making clay products
by all processes. Write
concerning your needs-

The American
Clay Machinery
Company

WILLOUGHBY, OHIO, TT. S. -A.-

♦♦♦♦ 44*4 4 ♦ 44 4444 4444 4444 444 * 44444 444 4444 44444444

LOCATIONS

FOR POTTERIES, BRICK AND

TILE PLANTS

The very finest deposits of Kaolin, Fire and other Clays in
great abundance along the

LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE RAILROAD

In the States of KENTUCKY. TENNESSEE, ALA¬
BAMA, GEORGIA, MISSISSIPPI, and FLORIDA.
Cheap Fuel. Good Markets. Unexcelled Transporta¬
tion Facilities. For further particulars, address

G. A. PARK,

General Immigration and Industrial Agent
LOUISVILLE, = KY.

♦

-AAA AAAAAAAAAAAA A A A A A A A A A A A A A -A. A. A

▼▼▼▼ ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼ f V V T ^ ^ ▼▼▼▼ ^ • • • • • W m ’

LOCATIONS FOR
NEW INDUSTRIES

can be secured on the lines of the

Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul Railway

Traverses the great agricultural and manufac¬
turing states of Iowa, Minnesota, North and South
Dakota. Operates 7,000 miles of thoroughly
equipped railroad.

Inquires should be as definite as possible.

Address

Industrial Department
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway

Room 1327, Railway Exchange
Chicago

SYSTEM

The “SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”

offers you the opportunity of
entering into the manufacture
of the coming building ma¬
terial

This brick is strong and
durable. It can be manufac¬
tured in less time and at a
lower cost than any other
brick on the market.

OUR SCIENTIFIC

SYSTEM

will enable you to manufac¬
ture SAND LIME BRICK of the
very highest quality in less
than 24 HOURS.

We are ENGINEERS and
CONTRACTORS to the SAND
LIME BRICK INDUSTRY [and
will erect and equip your
plant with the machinery of
the SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM” and
start you on the road to suc¬
cess.

Write us for particulars and we can
undoubtedly refer you to a plant
equipped by us and situated
in your vicinity

SEND FOR CATALOG No*. 18

32 SYSTIM BfilCXjea

mw rom

CLRY RECORD.

WASTE HEAT DRYER.

Fans
Engines
Steam Coils

Furnished for waste Heat
Dryers, for forced Draft
and for heating Hot Floors.

Any furnace or steam dryer
may be rebuilt and the cost
of installment can be saved
the first season.

Plans and
Estimates

furnished free of charge

Write for our catalogue No.
56 S on Waste Heat Dryers-

Office: Chicago, 25th Place and Stewart Ave.
Works: Bucyrus, O.

NEW YORK BLOWER CO.

BOOKS YOU NEED IN YOUR BUSINESS

The Repair and Haintenance of Machinery

By Thomas W. Barber, C. E. A hand book of practical
notes and memoranda for engineers and machinery users,

168 pages— 417 illnstrations— 8 vo., cloth . . $3.50

How to Run Engines and Boilers

By Egbert Pomeroy Watson. A practical instruction for
young engineers and steam users. 125 pages — illustrated —

16 mo., cloth . $1.00

A Handbook of Engineering Laboratory Practice

Calcareous Cements

By G. R. Redgrave, C E. Their nature properties, and use.

Tha composition and process of making Portland and other
cements, analysis and cost . $3.50

American Cements

Bo Uriah Cummings. A treatise on the nature and prop¬
erties of natural and artificial hydraulic cements. 299
pages— Illustrated— 16 mo., cloth . $3.00

Notes on Concrete and Works in Concrete

Portland Cement

By B. D. Butler, Asso. M. Inst. C. E. A complete treatise
on the manufacture, testing and use of Portland cement.
Contains 360 pages, 85 illustrations, 8 vo., cloth bound, price $6.00

Architects’ and Engineers’ Hand Book of Reinforced
Concrete Construction

This book describes and explains thoroughly the various
forms of modern concrete construction. 172 Illustrations,

218 pages. Price . $2.00

The Blasting of Rock

In mines, quarries or tunnels. A. W. & Z. W. Daw. A com¬
plete book giving weight of blast, how, when and where to
make it. 270 pages— 8 vo., cloth . .• - . $6.00

Steam Boilers

By James Peattie. Their management and workings on
land and sea — very complete. 230 pages — 12 mo., cloth . $2.00

The Pottery aud Porcelain of the United States

Ay Edward Lee Barber, A. M., Ph. D. 290 illustrations

Octavo., gilt top . $3.50

The Story of the Potter

By Charles F. Binns. A popular account of the pottery and
porcelain industry. 250 pages — Illustrated — 16 mo . 7 5

Architectural Pottery

Translated from the French. Bricbs, tiles, pipes, enamelled
terra cotta, stoneware, mosaics, faiences, and architectural
stoneware. In two parts. 8 vo., 496 illustrations. Price . $7.50

Notes on Pottery Clay

The distribution, properties, uses and analysis of ball clays,
china clays, and china stone. Crown— 8 vo., 132 pages, price. $1.50
Chemistry of Pottery

By Simeon Shaw. The chemistry of the Several natural
and artificial heterogeneous compounds used in the manu¬
facturing of porcelain, glass and pottery. 750 pages, price .$5.00

Engineering, Practice and Theory

By W. H. Wakeman. 184 pages — 5x7^ inches. Price . $1.00

Sllico°CaIcareous Sandstones (Sand Lime Brick)

By Ernst Stoffler. Treats on the formation of artificial brick
made from a mixture of lime and sand under the influence
of moisture. Raw materials, methods, manufacture.

Shows outline drawing of factories, elevations to detail.

Ground plans and Sectional Elevations, .price . . .$1.00

Brick, Tiles and Terra Cotta

261 engravings— 8 vo., cloth . $10.00

Transactions of the American Ceramic Society

Containing the papers and discussions of the society. The
most complete information published. 6 vols. Price, each.® 4.00

Manual of Caramic Calculations

This book was compiled with great care and most com¬
plete. Price . $1.00

Will be sent postpaid on receipt of prlceo

ORDERS^TO CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY, 303 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO, U. S. A.

tHMHMttfUMIMMT — HIIMMIMMIHH

CLKY

Barron Tender Clay Dryer, Which DOES THE WORK

We construct and install Dryers adapted to drying all clay
products With greatest perfection and economy in fuel and labor

BARRON DRYER CO., 84 La Salle St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Illinois Brick Company

GEO. C. PRUSSING. PRESIDENT

A J WECKLER, Vice-President
C D. B. HOWELL., TREASURER
WM. SCHLAKE, PURCHASER

C. B. VER NOOY, Auditor

W. M. LEGNARD, Superintendent
J H GRAY, Sales Department

The Barron Dryer Co.,

84 La Salle St., Chicago*

Gentlemen :

It may be of interest to you to know that we have made on our
Yard 17, in 1906, 52,551,400 brick, in 2,083 1-2 working hours, and
have dried them satisfactorily on your 18 track dryer.

Very truly yours,

ILLINOIS BRICK COMPANY.

President .

A Letter Which Will Interest Brick Makers

WORKS EVERY DAY

REPAIR BILLS SMALL

We make a Specialty of equipping
Brick Plants and Not a Side issue

DON'T R eViH T S

The “Martin” Ma=
chinery and Sup=
plies are built right

v<-

“THK DADY OF THEM ALL”
MARTIN’S SrVLE “A” BRICK MACHINE

CRUSHERS

ALL. IRON AND STEEL STEAM
POWER BRICK MACHINE

BRICK MOULDS

THE OLD RELIABLE STEAM
POWER BRICK MACHINE

ANIMAL POWER

FURNISH EVERYTHING THE |D| A DTI1U
A BRICKMAKER NEEDS A 1YI All 1 111

SIBP. 0. DRAWER 587
LANCASTER, PA.

hKQh!3 !tiK<iO kIJCO ^QHjDtd itidCxI |

THE MARTIN RACK PIPE STEAM RRIGK

“DRYER SYSTEM”

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699B09
October 10, 1905. No. 95520
November 14, 1905, No. 804489

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFG. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

MONARCH STOCK BRICK MACHINE
Capacity,, from tJO.OOO t® 50.000

BRICK and TILE
MACHINERY

THE QUAKER

Horse or Steam Power. Capacity, 20.00 to ttjOQA

"we

Full

our

Guarantees.’'

from: TILE MACHINE WITS AUTOMATIC TABLE

THE PREMIER BRICK MACHINE

and BENSING Automatic Side Cot BRICK CUTTBBt

B. E. LaDOW, - - Fredonia, Kansas.

Here's Wbat One of the Largest Cement Companies in the United States

Says About our “Pittsburg” Drg Pan:

“Answering yours of the 19th instant; We are pleased to state that the dry pan
which we purchased of you about a year ago has given entire satisfaction. We
consider it one of the best, if not the best, dry pan manufactured and shall, indeed,
be pleased to recommend It to prospective purchasers of such machinery.

Yours truly,

WESTERN STATES PORTLAND CEMENT CO.”

And they 'Baclted up their statement by ordering recently THREE JWORE Vans from us

UNITED IRON WORKS COMPANY

General Offices: SPRINGFIELD, MO.

SPRINGFIELD, MO.; AURORA, MO.; IOLA, KAS.; PITTSBURG, KAS.

CHERRYVALE, KAS.; KANSAS CITY, MO.

a OVER THE WORLD

THESE FAMILIAR SIGNS
MARK SINGER SHOPS

ALL OVER THE WORLD

THE ONLY SHOP WHERE

Singer & Wheeler & Wilson

SEWING HACHINES ARE
SOLD RENTED OR EXCHANGED

SEE SINGER STORE

IN YOUR OWN CITY I

CLHV

1 1 1 1 1 1 ii 1 * 1 1 1 ly ^ 1 1 1 1 ^1 1 1 i.y 1 1 1 1 1

O OOI> RUUB

RAYMOND’S'

THE BEST

POOR

OTHERS

HANDSOME PROFITS

OTHERS

ENJOY LIFE

OHHSSSI

C. W. RAYMOND CO.

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

Everything for the Brickmaker*

Catalogue for the ^Asking

SAND-LIME BRICK

MACHINERY

BOKO QUALI&Y

MODERN METHODS A & A NO EXPERIMENTING

Sand-Lime Brick Plants designed and
complete machinery equipment furnished,
installed and set in operation. Machinery
and product guaranteed.

Correspondence solicited.

CHISHOLM, BOYD & WHITE COMPANY

OFFICE AND WORKS, S7th AND WALLACE STREETS

CHICAGO : : : ; j ILLINOIS

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR -MOLD “SPECIAL”

Its Record: More Boyd Presses in actual operation than of all other Press Brick Machines
combined. Write for Catalogue.

Chisholm, Boyd &. White Co.,

OFFICE AND WORKS: 5 7th and WALLACE STREETS Chicago, Illinois

CLHY RECORD.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR -MOLD “ACME”

IT’S NAME A GUARANTEE. The Four-Mold Press above illustrated is our latest improved
machine of this design. Over ONE HUNDRED now in use. Especially adapted for working shales.

A BUSINESS PROPOSITION

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.

OFFICE AND WORKS: 5 7th and WALLACE STREETS CHicagO IllitlOiS

CLHY RECORD

♦

The Two- Mold Press above illustrated, is especially adapted for Brick Plants of small capacity,
and for making ornamental and shape bricks it has no superior. It has never failed to give entire
satisfaction, and is guaranteed for two years against breakage.

Brick Presses are too costly for any one to experiment with. SEVENTEEN YEARS of practical
experience back of each Boyd Press.

CONSIDER THIS: Your Brick Plant may be -properly constructed, well located, with an
abundance of good clay or shale, and a good market at your door ; but unless your Brick Press is always
ready for a day’s work you will not get proper returns from your investment.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.

OFFICE AND WORKS: 57th and WALLACE STREETS

Chicago, Illinois

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

TWO -MOLD “ACME”

New White Press

Especially designed for making Sand-Lime
Brick. Strongest, Most Powerful, Most Durable,
and Most Convenient. Molds removable; can
be changed in seven minutes.

Send for Special Press Catalogue.

SAND-LIME

BRICK

Complete Plants installed, started and operated
until the first 100,000 brick are made. No risks,
delays or expensive experimenting.

Strongest possible guarantees. This is the Only Safe
Method for parties going into any new industry.

Our Latest
Illustrated Booklet
gives all details.
Mailed Free.

AMERICAN SAND-LIME BRICK CO.

1308 GREAT NORTHERN BLDG., CHICAGO

CLMY RECORD.

The highest development of the
Art of Brickmaking Machinery
so pronounced by the United
States Government.

The BERG MAKES the highest
grade of fire brick. Can
make all kinds of shapes
fk desired for fire-brick

A purposes.

The BERG for the highest grade
of pressed brick of shale or
clay. It makes all kinds of
shapes and sizes of brick.
Changes from one shape to
another can be made in
less than an hour’s time.

Three distinct
pressures make
the brick evenly
pressed all
through. No
granulated cen¬
ters of the brick.

First - Class W orkman-
ship. Cut Gearing. Fully
Warranted.

The BERG makes the
best sand-lime brick and
cheapest because it is the *

strongest machine and ^

gives the highest pres¬
sure. Thirty-five sand- \

lime plants in United
States use the BERG
Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY

■pif*-' > The BERG is

the best for sand
and cement be-

cause of its

strong pressure.
Uses less ce¬
ment, makes cheaper brick.

The 1905 Berg Press

For prices and full particulars, address

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO, ONT., CANADA

Chicago Brick Machinery Co.

1308 Great Northern Bldg.

Si .'SSsB mmaUBBBgBtiXS; I '"C .iZXZSZZ&mBSa — a— — — ■— — — —

For Making all Kinds of Brick-

Dry Pressed, Wire Cut,
Sand Moulded

Full
Fine of
BricKyard
Specialties
and

Supplies

New White Press New Model Berg Press

In addition to our well known BERG PRESS, we are now
bringing out our new WHITE PRESS for clay-brick work . It is
especially recommended for difficult and refractory daym By far
the most powerful press built . Removable molds, changed in SEVEN
minutes. Special catalogue and full particulars on application.

Something New for 1907

Rocking and Dumping Grates
tor Kilns. Save coal, save labor,
and do away with checked brick.
Send for “ Lecture on Combus¬
tion ,” by His Satanic Majesty.

U. S. SELF CLEANING GRATE
In position ready lor use. Part of frame cut away to show connection below.

Patented,

UP To

,, DATE ,

Auger Machine

Combination Machine

UP-TO-DATE MACHINERY

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross=Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, . ST. LOUIS, MO.

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

CLHY RECORD.

This is the Press That Scott Builds

Twent/' machines in the St. Louis
District alone. Come to our city and we
will show them to you.

We build all the machinery that
goes to make up

“The Scott
Noiseless
Plant.”

THE ANDRUS FOUR
MOLD PRESS

SCOTT MANUFACTURING CO.

602 Commonwealth Trust Building :: St. Louis, Mo.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

Manufacturers of

The Celebrated Fernholtz Dry Press

Four mold Press 20,000 daily capacity. Six mold Press 30,000 daily capacity

ORATH PATENT HAND POWER PRESS.

Especially adapted for ornamental designs. Any size brick up to
12$£ inches long, 10 inches wide and 4)4 inches thick.

Brick set into kiln direct from press.

Fitted With Ad¬
justable Pins.

Sizes 20" 3b" 42"

A GOOD MIXER IS ALWAYS APPRECIATED.

THE FERNHOLTZ CLAY PULVERIZER.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

Cable Address “Fernbrick.” Western Union Code. Boyne Avenue and Old Manchester Road, ST. LOUIS, MO., U. 'A, A.

^wyw^yvwMvwwtfwvwywwvMw^wwMMWMWWMvwwywywywywyMMMWW

DRY BRICK MACHINES

RELIANCE DRY PRESS
THE MACHINE OF
THE FUTURE

OLD STYLE TOGGLE MOVEMENTS SUPERCEDED BY NEW
- AND BETTER PRINCIPLES -

THE ONLY MACHINE not using the Toggle Movement.

THE ONLY MACHINE applying Pressure from the Bottom.

THE ONLY MACHINE making a Uniformly Pressed Brick.

THE ONLY MACHINE MAKING BRICK WITHOUT GRANULATED CENTERS.

SIMPLE

STRONG

EFFICIENT

WRITE TO-DAY FOR PARTICULARS.

SEND US A SAMPLE OF YOUR CLAY.

ADDRESS

THE RELIANCE MACHINE AND TOOL WORKS

ST. LOUIS, MO.

CLHY RECORD.

ARE YOU INTERESTED IN A CUTTER
THAT WILL DOURLE YOUR
PROFITS FOR 1907?

The Hix “Happy Thought” Automatic Cutter will do it. THis
Cutter is without an equal as it does what others can not do.
Will cut end or side cut brick, Hollow blocks or conduits any
length or size desired. The capacity is unlimited. No clay
wasted, every brick a perfect one, no complicated machinery to
get out of order and give annoyance.

It Will Pay You to Write Us for "Particulars

The Wallace Manufacturing Company

FRANKFORT, IND., U. S. A.

CLHY RECORD.

Horizontal Brick Machines

The Brewer Patterns are new and they are right down to the
very minute of modern ideas . They are bui/t by people who know
how and the weight, strength or quality or material has not been
skimped to make the price low .

A Line of Three Sizes

Ranging in capacity from 20 to 50J thousand [with a good wide
margin of safety.

Gear- frames cast in one piece . Knives forged from hard, high
carbon steel; each one independently adjustable for pitch . Back-
thrusts self-oiling, self-aligning, independent and adjustable .
Screws and liners, white iron .

They are Good Machines

AND IT WILL PAY YOU TO LOOK THEM UP.

mj n ni-iiffw o tecumseh

m M m ES #1 XL WW ML Mm Ok OC/« Michigan

CLHY RECORD.

UNION BRICK MACHINES .

Wc build these Machines in five sizes* Capacities to 10,000 (l
brick per hour*

Several hundred are in everyday use* They do first-class
work and are convenient, economical and durable* This can be (L
verified by investigation* ^

We also build Brick Machines with separate Pug Mill* £/

Don't forget our Automatic Cutters* They give satis- (L

faction.

» 4 - **

State your requirements and let us furnish particulars.

l
$

E. M. FREESE & CO.

GALION - OHIO

HORIZONTAL BRIcFmACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

BRICK DRYERS

The largest and best. The drying done
upon an entirely new principle. Brick
made today. Set in Kiln tomorrow.
Thoroughly dry. Will dry the most
tender clay with no loss from cracking.

It has No cars

No transfer cars
No rail
No ties
No fans

No extra engine

No high or expensive stack

The best dryer on the market. Manu¬
factured by

C. & A. POTTS & CO.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

CLHY RECORD.

Machinery for Building Brick

- -AND FOR STREET P/\VERS=

Weight
about
11,000 pounds
Capacity
2,000 bricks
per hour.

Single Crank
Movement
Working
Machlner

all above the

Mold Box.

THE PHILADELPHIA REPRESS.

Automatic End Cut Brick Machines of five sizes, having capacity

from 10,000 to over 100,00 brick daily under

favorable conditions*

CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY

52D A/ND MEDIA STREETS

E. R. FRAZIER, Chicago Agent,

59 West Jackson Boulevard.

PMILADELPHIA, PA.

CL7SY RECORD.

Heavy Shafts and Large Faced Gears

Write for Our new Circular No. 12 describing some new Models of Brick Machinery

The BONNOT COMPANY

CANTON, OHIO

NO. 9 AUGER BRICK MACHINE

Capacity 50,000 to 70,000. The Machine for Diffi¬
cult Clays. Heavy Shafts -Steel Gears -Accessibility

12 Ft DOUBLE GEARED PUG MILL TYPE “C”

Modern Brie
Machinery

THE GUILDER

ELEVATING and
LOWERING
BRICK CAR

FOR OPEN AIR SYSTEM OF DRYING

Write us in regard to this car and also let us tell you all about the
“PREMIER” line of Clay-Working Machinery. \

The J. D. Fate Company

PLYMOUTH, OHIO

Vol. XXX. No. 5.

CHICAGO, MARCH 15, 1907.

Semi-Monthly, #1.00 perYear
Single Copies, - 10 Cant.

A REPORT OF THE TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL

MEETING OF THE ILLINOIS CLAY WORK¬
ERS ASSOCIATION,

FOURTH SESSION.

Shortly after 11 o’clock, January 24, in the Elks’ Audi¬
torium, at Champaign, President John W. Stipes called
the fourth and last session of the twenty-ninth annual meet¬
ing of the Illinois Clay Workers’ Association to order and
announced that the first paper on the program was one by
Mr. M. W. Blair, of Chicago, on “The Manufacture of
Common Brick in Cook County.”

THE MANUFACTURE OF COMMON BRICK IN COOK

COUNTY.

You have no doubt all heard the story of the man who
came home to the bad on bad whiskey. Not being able to
find the keyhole, he was compelled to awaken his better
half. She did not like being disturbed and summed up a
good lecture with “How dare you come here in this con¬
dition?” In reply John told his story in one sentence.
“Why, hang it, Mary, I live here.” “Well, why don’t you
come on in the house and behave?” “O,” says he, “I’ll
come in all right if you’ll just throw down the keyhole.”

On the common brick proposition there are a good many
of us looking for the keyhole ; and the first part of the
story tells us why we should take a livelier interest in and
have a better knowledge of the progress that has been
made in the rate of production and -consequent lowering
of cost of manufacture. We live here and should take
pride in the fact that by the application of sound engin¬
eering practice, good business methods, and a careful at¬
tention to small details, Cook County holds the world’s
record for high production and low cost, in spite of the
fact that all fuel is shipped in and it is paying the highest
brickyard wages known.

To point out in a general way how such production is
possible, how the brick can be sold at the price they are
and to persuade some one to throw down the keyhole is
the purpose of the present paper.

In the first place I wish to state that it is not as, popu¬
larly supposed, all in the clay. The clays of the various
yards differ in texture and formation. From Shermerville
and Glenview on the north to Blue Island and Chicago
Heights on the south there is a difference of nearly 50

miles. It is folly to assume that the clays are precisely
alike over this range of territory. The production, how¬
ever, varies only with the mechanical equipment and the
management of the yards.

Practically all the yards have a steam-shovel giving a
maximum of clay at a minimum expense, and putting the
problems of clay supply into the hands of fewer men and
those a little more intelligent than the average shoveler.
The tracks are of heavy rail, well laid and kept in order.
The cars are substantial, generally of 2-yard capacity, and
most important of all to secure an ample supply of clay
the number is always in excess of actual requirements. In
other words on the successful yards will be found from
20 minutes to half-an-hour’s supply on the cars at the
end of the tail rope. No one method of hauling from
shovel to incline is used exclusively, horses, electricity and
dinky engines all being in use, the preference being to the
latter. A time-saving is effected by hauling two cars at a
time, practically adding one-third to the capacity of a sin¬
gle track incline.

The machine equipment usually consists of a granulator,
rolls, pugmill and brick machine. The construction of the
granulator hopper illustrates the careful attention paid to
small details. When properly constructed, it is inclined
only on the side from which the knives turn. The other
side is straight. The knives lift the clay on the up side
and cut it off against the straight back' on the other side.
This arrangement prevents the clay from bridging, makes
punching unnecessary and maintains a regular feed. Cor¬
rugated conical rolls are used for separating the rock in
preference to a high-speed disintegrator. They are satis¬
factory and can be run for months with little repair. The
same can scarcely be said of the disintegrator. A car on
a train track is provided to dispose of the rock from the
rolls. The man tending them loads the rock direct. This
prevents an unsightly accumulation and saves the cost of
occasional hauling away with cart or team.

It must not be supposed that a high-capacity plant is run
with the same steam that is used to make 40 or 50 brick
a minute. The boilers are of ample capacity and the coal
is unloaded direct to the boilers. Often you will find the
man who unloads the cars is also firing the boiler.

The engines are economical; the feed-water is heated
with exhaust steam.

Passing to the brick machine we find a competent man
in charge, a man who is paid a decent- wage and who takes
pride in getting all out of the machine there is in it. He

CLKY RECORD,

keeps the machine in constant repair and does not allow
the output to lag on account of a slipping belt or a set of
knives worn short. If the morning’s run is not up to stan¬
dard, the knives are set ahead at noon, an advantage which
the adjustable knife machine has over the other type. The
result of this careful attention is the enormous output. Re¬
pairs are kept in stock patterns of various machines ; parts
are owned and instead of paying the machine man io cents
per lb. for cast iron it is bought right at home for 2j4
cents.

Expense in construction is weighed against a saving in
labor or an increased output. That which shows a profit
is done without hesitation. While comparisons are odious,
there is a company in Indiana which hauls its coal at a
cost of 25 to 30 cents a ton. The installation of a tram
road would show a profit of nearly 100 per cent on an in¬
vestment of $3,000. They talk about it but do not act. In
Cook County it would be like the darkey who explained
that if you walked from Brazil to Center Point it was 40
miles; if. you went in a wagon it was 20 miles but if you
gets on the cars and goes you’s dar now.

If a location demands a special machine to render it effi¬
cient the machine is built. The location is not ruined and
the output of a plant crippled, simply because John Jones
has only one set of patterns for the brick machine he wants
to sell. In fact, John Jones does not seem inclined to
build the kind of a machine, pugmill or granulator which
is powerful and efficient. He prefers to sell repair parts
instead of putting the weight of 10 years’ experience into
the machine in the first place.

I stood beside a machine in Chicago recently with the
president of the national association, who was one of the
skeptical ones last winter when I told that body about mak¬
ing 500 brick per minute. Together we timed the cutter
and found it was running at a 518-a-minute clip. I have
seen a published statement that the production upon that
yard was 52,551,400 in 2,083 working hours, an average of
25,228 per hour during 1906.

I have been told that in 1892 the makers of that same
cutter wrote one of their erecting engineers that any man
who talked of guaranteeing a machine to cut 60,000 brick
in 10 hours was a fool. 1892 is within the memory of all
of us and today the output of that same plant is 175,000
to 200,000 in 8 hours. The clay has not changed but the
machine has been speeded up, equipped with cut-steel gear¬
ing and the little faults practically eliminated.

I wish to insist dpon cut-steel gearing not only for the
brick machine but throughout the plant and while my posi¬
tion upon this point has been subject to dispute by one of
our prominent members, and cut steel condemned as a
needless expense, another year’s observation has simply
strengthened my opinion. One plant in Cook County has
been in operation nearly two years making 350 to 400 brick
per day and in that time they have not replaced a single
gear. I leave it to your own judgment and ask if you
would not be willing to spend $150 or $200 not to break
a single gear for two years.

The gentleman to whom I refer and his associates less
than ten years ago operated a yard in Cook County with
six machines. I oday on the same yard they are making
more than one-half as many brick with one machine. The
gearing did it and I believe the majority of us would pre¬
fer to see the present yards throughout the state make three
times as many brick than to see three times as many plants
in operation.

The off-beai ing belts are of sufficient length to accom¬
modate from 12 to 15 cars giving ample time to take away
loaded cars and both time and space to catch the brick be¬
fore they go ovei the end. The transfer tracks at the ma¬
chine end are put in level of heavy rail and wide gauge,

avoiding the use of stops and latches which are time-killers
at best and reducing likelihood of wrecks in the drier to a
minimum.

The drier cars are strong, many being in use having 2-in.
axles and capable of carrying 1,000 brick. The drier tracks
are securely set generally in concrete. The doors are semi¬
automatic which will open ahead of a runaway car. All
these features reduce the annoyance and expense of wrecks
in the dryers. The cost of drying runs about 10 cents per
M., the products of combustion from the boilers supple¬
mented with an auxiliary furnace being the source of heat.
The expense of operating an exhaust fan is obviated by
use of large-capacity stacks.

The burning is done in scove kilns and both the amount
of fuel and the time required are remarkably small. An
arch of brick containing 36,000 brick is generally burned
in 90 hours with 4 tons of coal and 1 cord of wood. The
cost of oil burning has proved a little more than wood and
coal owing to a necessity of using steam with the former.

While the kilns are not permanent the sheds are con¬
structed in a substantial manner, are high enough to be
fairly safe from fire, wide enough to give stability and long
enough to store several millions for the spring trade. The
loading tracks are generally several in number and it is
possible to set in loading position as many cars as the rail¬
road will give. While the loading itself is piecework the
possibility of getting out a large order in quick time is a
trade advantage not to be overlooked.

You say the hurry-up method produces rough brick, that
they have black cores, that the ends are not square. You
ridicule the man who uses them in your own town. Admit
every criticism you offer and the fact remains that they are
going into the finest buildings the world has ever seen and,
what is of still more importance to you, they are under¬
selling you in your own market.

The question is, what are you going to do about it?

The only logical resource is to apply the same or better
methods to your own business.

Standing back crying “rebate” is no cure and I can con¬
vince any one of you in one day’s time spent in the Cook
County yards that they do not need a rebate to deliver
brick to any point in Illinois, at from $5.00 to $6.00 per M.

Cheap brick is the ultimate solution of the building ma¬
terial problem. The brickmakers throughout the country
must get into the fight and raise the efficiency of his plant
to such a point as to defy competition. They must edu¬
cate their trade to take a brick which can be made twice
as fast and sold for 25 per cent less money.

It is surprising how good-looking a brick becomes when
one knows that his machine is making them at the rate of
500 per minute. It does not take much of a stretch of the
imagination to believe they will last as long in the wall as
those made at a 30,000-a-day rate.

Give sufficient discount to the contractor to make it
worth while to walk into your office and lay down the cash
and the time now spent in chasing slow accounts for
money to meet the pay-roll can be spent in raising the effi¬
ciency of the plant. Take advantage of the information
which is being put on record by our universities and tech¬
nical schools. Employ their graduates and seek the as¬
sistance of the best engineering ability obtainable; men
who have spent their time in solving the problems involved
and who are practical and trained in correcting faults,
men whose integrity is such that for a reasonable" fee you
can entrust the spending of your money with the knowl¬
edge that they will spend it well and spend it but once.

When it is your plant that is selling brick at less than
your neighbor’s cost price, and still making a nice profit
you will forget, the time when you thought that Cook
County was selling below cost in order to put you out of
business.

CLHY RECORD.

President Stipes: Mr. Hammerschmidt, what is your
opinion about making brick so rapidly?

Mr. Hammerschmidt: I agree with Mr. Blair that if I
was able to make them as cheaply as they make them in
Chicago, I wouldn’t say much about the roughness of the
brick. I would be satisfied to take in the money. There
is no doubt that the brick are all right. But if I were to
put up a building, I might like to put in Chicago brick,
but I couldn’t do it, because I am still making common
brick. It wouldn’t look very well, unless I did it at night.

Mr. Pratt: I think, if Mr. Blair was to come and exam¬
ine me in my little way, I could give him some information
about the reasons for the rapidity. I don’t amount to
much as far as the railroad is concerned, I have found that
out several times ; but when he talked about rebates from
railroads I have stood through considerable of it and still
live. It might be on account of the little piece of land I
have out there that has held me up. But the rebates I have
felt very severely in my own case. It is hardly worth
while for me to say anything about it, because perhaps I
cannot remedy it. But I do not think there is any ques¬
tion but what the men in Chicago have the preference over
any plant in the country. Last summer I had to do some
figuring over a little job in my town and they expressed
a preference for my brick. I investigated and found that
the railroad would deliver Chicago brick at my station for
$5-3° Per thousand. I took the matter up with Chicago
and said, “do you guarantee your brick.” They said, “we
guarantee 80 per cent.” I said, “What about the rest of
it?” They said, “that is enough; if you get 80 per cent
that ought to be enough.” In regard to the railroads, I
will say this, that I am buying my coal from Monroe, Illi¬
nois, and I have been for eight years. The coal company
tells me that they maintain a rate over the Illinois Central
and* I find that they haul the coal four miles to Chicago for
the charge that they haul it for me for one mile. If you
will take the railroad element out of it I will seek the
solution of the proposition to make brick with Chicago.
Chicago brick under average conditions may be all right
if they are protected, but if you put them at the founda¬
tion of the building, in a great many cases they will not
stand. That is my experience. There is a man in our
town who built a house two years ago. The Chicago
brick proposition got so that I didn’t like to bother with
it, so I said the brick business isn’t what I am looking for ;
but this man insisted on my filling the order and I let him
have all the brick I nad, but I did not have enough to fill
his order. I had some brick shipped in and ever since I
have been getting abused because I let him have the brick
which did not prove good. For these reasons I have to
take a little exception to the gentleman telling us to adopt
such methods. No man can go to the expense in the coun¬
try and put the money in that they do in Chicago when
the railroads are acting as they are. Wherever I go and
find a place where they are using Chicago brick in the
city, allowing me to be the judge of the samples of Chi¬
cago as they run and as they come to our town, the Chi¬
cago man has the preference on the Chicago brick. When

it comes to shipping, we get the small end of it. That is
the way I feel in regard to the situation.

President Stipes: Of course I am very glad to have
you talk that way. If there is anybody else who can make
a speech that way it will please me first rate.

Mr. M. W. Blair: I am not going to argue my point,
but I think it is up to the Illinois brickmakers to get all
that they can. That is the whole point of my speech, and
a little talk along that line will probably bring out points
which will be of mutual benefit to all the brickmakers of
Illinois.

Mr. Pratt: I appreciate the cost of making brick at my
own plant, but it all comes right back to the first starting
point. If we could eliminate the railroads and their re¬
bates, we would be better off. I went to one road and
said, “Can you do anything for me?” They said, “Yes,
you go down there and put up your plant and we will see
what we can do,” or, “We will let you see what we can do
for you.” I figured that out like this : When they did
that, they thought that I might go and .without any dis¬
tinct promise or making any satisfactory or definite rates,
or side tracks, that I might go and put in a plant and
invest perhaps twenty to twenty-five thousand dollars to
complete with the Chicago brickmakers ; then they would
say, “if you have got the nerve to go ahead and put that
plant in without compensation from us, you can operate on
the present conditions ; as a business man you have figured
out that you can operate under the present conditions, so
go ahead.”

President Stipes: What is your opinion, Mr. Frazier?

Mr. Frazier: I don’t believe that I care from my stand¬
point to discuss that paper. I would rather that we do not
have those arguments. You can readily see why.

Mr. Hemmert: I don’t care to discuss the contents
of the paper, but there is one principle that I always ad¬
here to and that is quality and not quantity. I come in
competition with the Chicago brick and they are all right
to a certain extent; they appear to be all right but they
are really not as hard a brick as they appear to be. I un¬
derstand that they burn brick in 90 hours. It takes us 14
days to burn our brick, consequently it costs us more to
burn them. If we were to turn out the quantity that they
do in Chicago, we could sell our brick a little cheaper. But
really they don’t burn their brick in that city ; they simply
bake them. They have a lot of matter in their clay so that
they can bake them, not burn them, in 24 hours. I could
get into the Chicago market, but they charge me $6.00 a
thousand to get into that market. If you want to make
money out of the business, don’t try to get the whole
trade because if you sell them for $5.00, somebody else
will come along and offer something for $4.50. Where
is that going to end? You are wearing out your ma¬
chinery and you are eating up your clay. If you have
clay in the locality where your plant is, the man who owns
that clay thinks his land is worth a thousand dollars an
acre and perhaps it is. I take it that we should try to
improve our product. Burn them hard, to take the place
of stone.

CLKY RECORD.

Then there ought to be more apprentices in the brick¬
laying trade. The masons get too high wages for their
work in comparison with other trades. The great trouble
is the mason thinks that he is the boss, the journeyman
mason, and not the contractor, and that is the worst fea¬
ture of it. They hem the contractor down to a certain
number of apprentices and the result is that there are not
enough men to carry out our work. The result is that we
are losing out by not having enough people to help us to
consume what we can produce.

President Stipes: To Prof. Ross C. Purdy, director in
Ceramics at the University of Illinois, had been assigned
the topic, “How Fast can Brick be Burned?” We will
hear from him.

HOW FAST CAN BRICK BE BURNED?

We are trying at the University to prepare four papers
for the St. Louis meeting ; we have prepared in our depart¬
ment three for this series of meetings, also we are at¬
tempting to finish within a month from now a _ Survey
Report, and as a consequence we have been working six¬
teen hours a day, with about 8 hours for sleep and meals.
I must ask you to take the same medicine, therefore, that
the students are required to take two or three times a day,
that is, a lecture from notes. I wish to make this as in¬
formal as possible. If Brother Blair has any objections,
or the rest of you, to the statements that I make, I wish
you to feel free to question my statements, as my students
question my statements, so that in the end we may come to
a definite understanding and perhaps have some definite
points that we may work out together in our future stud¬
ies. If we do not know your views, we conclude that we
have settled the question, and that there is nothing fur¬
ther to study. We will grant that there is a possibility of
difference, of course, and as long as there is a difference
of,. opinion there must be some work done and we will
attempt to carry out the research required to bring light
on the points. Therefore I ask you, as I ask my students,
to freely question the statements, to bring out side light's
on the question, in order that there may be a better un¬
derstanding of the points developed.

This question was suggested by a reply from one of
our prominent members to the letter Prof. Rolfe sent out
asking for the subjects that the members most desired to
have treated at the Institute. This gentleman went into
the details in regard to the rate at which brick could be
burned. He is now spending 12 days on a kiln and he
cannot see why he could not reduce his time of burning
to three or four days or even, as the Chicago brickmakers
do now, to two or three days. We have our opinions on
this proposition. While we have not studied this question
experimentally, we have a quantity of evidence that might
apply. In as much as we have made no experiments on
the proposition under consideration the statements made
will be merely opinions but opinions gained from experi¬
ence extending over a period of five or six years on a
large number of clays from a large number of sections of
this country, including the clays of Texas to Maine, and a
great many from west of the Mississippi. Fortunately I
have been with Professor Orton and have been associated
in a way with Mr. Richardson, testing clays from all over
the country.

The first influence on the rate of burning is moisture.
Every clay when first set into a kiln contains moisture.
That is so whether you have dried the brick as thoroughly
as you can in a dryer or not. Clay will take moisture from
the atmosphere after it has left the dryer and before you
can close the wicket of the kiln. That gain in moisture

has been found to average about 3 per cent in some cases ;
as high as 5 per cent or 6 per cent in others. Moisture
thus absorbed from the air is known as hygroscopic water.
Clay takes it as readily as the atmosphere takes it. The
atmosphere is full of moisture. It is very ready to pre¬
cipitate and will when overcharged, drop as rain. The
clay will take on water until its humidity is satisfied. We
do not use the term “humidity” in that connection, how¬
ever. It is a borrowed term that I have used to illustrate
the point.

We do not understand why a clay should take on this
hygroscopic water any more than why any other material
should take on moisture, unless it is that the clay contains
salts that have a strong attraction for water. That is,
there are some salts, which, when exposed to the atmos¬
phere, will take the moisture out of the air unto themselves,
causing a solution of the salts. These same salts can be
in the clay. If they are in the clay then can take moisture
from the atmosphere into the clay just the same as they
do from the open air. Now, suppose that a clay contains
3 per cent of this hygroscopic water at the time that you
close the wicket. I have figured that it will cost you one
ton of coal to dry out that moisture. That moisture must
be driven out before you can proceed with your burning.
That period you call water-smoking. Usually, the hygro¬
scopic water is not all the moisture that you are drying
out, because not all the cars as they leave the dryer are
absolutely dry. There are many car loads of bricks that
in the course of a day’s run are not absolutely dry. It not
infrequently happens that bricks are delivered to the kiln
containing 10 or 15 per cent of moisture. Then there is
mechanical water aside from the hygroscopic water that
must be evaporated before you can go ahead with the
burning.

You know how long it takes you to put a ton of coal
in your furnaces during the water smoking period. You
know the time that you must spend in water-smoking de¬
pends on the quality of the clay. The North Columbus
Shaler and many of the surface clays that are full of sand
like the Loess of the Mississippi Valley, cannot be dried
rapidly. It is not, therefore, the open or loose clays that
dries the easiest. Aside from openness there must be a
natural tenacity of the clay. It must have an inherent
strength to withstand the disruptive force of steam. So
that there are two qualities of the clay that will allow you
rapid water smoking. (1) Open structure. (2) Inher¬
ent strength. A clay that possesses those two qualities can
be water smoked rapidly. A clay that possesses only one
must be dried slower. A clay that does not possess either
one, like Brother Stipes’ clay, has to be dried very slowly.

In the second report of the Committee on Technical
Investigation, prepared for the National Brick Manufac¬
turers Association of the United States, I find that it re¬
quires two-thirds as much heat, that means two-thirds as
much coal, to dry the brick as it does to burn the brick.
If you were to use coal, or apply the heat from the coal,
to dry that brick you would have to use two-thirds as
much fuel to dry it as you would to bring it up to the
temperature of I200°C. You know how much time it
requires to put all of that coal into the furnaces.

So far we have discussed the time required to put the
coal into the fire box to bring about the drying changes.
Suppose that you do put in one car of wet brick. The rest
of the kiln is dry. You carry that through the water
smoking period until, judging by the appearance of the
smoke issuing from the stack you consider that the kiln
has passed the water smoking period. Yet this one car
of wet brick in there is not dry. The water is not evolved
from that car load of brick with such rapidity and in such
quantities that you would notice it in the gases. Never-

CLKY RECORD.

tireless it is present It dilutes the gas very slowly. You
carry your heat on to what we call the oxidation period,
when you are burning out the carbon from the clay.

Your carload of wet brick cannot catch up with the
dryer bricks because it requires two-thirds as much heat
to dry it as to burn it. As a consequence the carbon in
bricks from that wet car is not burned out and you will
have here and there throughout the kiln a seemingly un¬
explainable swelling of the bricks. I have seen that occur
in the best of yards. It is not in the bottom or the top,
but if you will take notice it will be where you place your
wet brick that you will find your black core swelling. That
is due not to the water that they contained at the time they
were placed in the kiln but due to the retardation of the
burning process by wasting the large amount of heat re¬
quired to dry that carload of wet brick.

Aside from the foregoing considerations you have dis¬
tribution of the heat in the kiln. I have figured that after
you have finished a kiln of 50,000 brick at the average
temperature, you have stored up in that kiln heat units
that are equivalent to 10 tons of coal, that is figuring with
the maximum efficiency of the coal. I haven’t carried it
far enough to calculate the amount of fuel that are in the
ashes or that go out through the chimney. But you have
stored up in that kiln a quantity of heat equal to at least
ten tons of coal. You know that it requires more than
ten tons of coal to burn 50,000 brick. You can readily
xealize that it requires time to get that heat thoroughly
distributed in the kiln. Brick has what we know as 0.2
specific heat. That is a quantity of heat that will raise a
ttnit volume of water one degree centigrade will only raise
the same volume of clay .2 of a degree. Or in other words
it takes 5 times as much heat to raise clay one degree cen¬
tigrade as it required to raise the same volume of water
one degree centigrade.

In other words heat enters a clay brick very slowly, rela¬
tively slowly. It requires time to get the heat thoroughly
through the brick, and thoroughly into the walls of your
kiln. It requires time to heat the floors and flues. Of
course the bricks near the bag walls and at the top of the
kiln absorb the heat first ; the bricks at the floor do not
get the heat until after the brick at the top have begun to
be what you may call saturated with their heat. They
have gotten the lion’s share of the heat, and you know
that very often the bricks in the top courses keep on
taking a lion’s share until they may be over burned while
you have unburned brick in the bottom courses. There
are means of controlling the draft to effect this distribution
of heat, but even with the best of means so far devised it
takes time to get that heat down to the bottom for to hold
the top and get the bottom the heat must be transferred
from the top to the bottom courses.

In the brick we have investigated this summer, burned
under normal conditions, i. e., in periods ranging from
8 to 14 days, we have found that the bricks are more vitri¬
fied and impervious to water on the sides than in the cen¬
ter. One clay may absorb the heat faster than another,
and as a consequence bricks made from certain clays can in
a given time be burned to a more uniform density through¬
out. We did not find a single brick that had the vitrifica¬
tion on the inside equal to that on the outside. In fact
many bricks had a skin that was fused on the outside while
the inside was porous. The inside would be classed as a
No. 2 paper, if they were all of that kind. I do not mean
to say that this outside skin was produced in all cases
by excessive heat. It may have been produced by what we
call excessive, reduction. Nevertheless the case is not in¬
frequent where the bricks have been burned so rapidly as
to overburn the outside and leave the inside far under¬
burned as judged by their respective degree of vitrification.

There is another point that is, the influence of carbon
in the burning of clay wares. On page 30 of the 2nd
Report of the N. B. M. A., Technical committee there
is an illustration showing the rate at which carbon can be
burned out of clay under the most favorable circumstances.
Thirty bricks, and they were only quarter size, were placed
in a small muffled kiln, when burned with an excess of
draft, the worst sample required 90 hours in which to burn
out the carbon. If we should have carried the heat on to
the vitrification point without having spent the 90 hours
to burn out that carbon, we would have swollen the bricks.
In the case of a fire clay it was necessary to hold the heat
at 500-800° C for 70 hours, before all the carbon was burned
out. The heat was held at 800 degrees centigrade, that is
several degrees below redness. The drift clay, like the gla¬
cial clay we have here, burned out in 10 hours under those
same conditions. Some clays will permit of the burning
out of the carbon readily ; some will not ; some require an
extended time.

In our discussion this morning as to the rapidity with
which you can burn clays, it has been shown that it de¬
pends on the clay. Because one man may require a longer
time, it does not follow that the Chicago man cannot burn
his clay in 90 hours. We have seen descriptions of kilns
in which the patentee claims that he can burn several thou¬
sand bricks in one or two days time. You will note that
the specifications will invariably state that they will finish
the burning in two days. They have given it a pre-heat¬
ing. It may be a tunnel kiln or a continuous kiln. It may
be a shaft kiln, after Brother Butterworth’s design. In
each of these cases they have burned out the carbon; and
dehydrated the clay so that the time required to finish burn¬
ing the brick is spent wholly in completing vitrification.
In a tunnel kiln the bricks are in small units so that two
days is ample to thoroughly and uniformly distribute the
heat, not only in all parts of the chamber but throughout
each brick. Size of kiln, in other words, effect very ma¬
terially the rate at which clay wares may be burned.

Mr. Richardson: Did you say that there were the equiv¬
alent of 10 tons of coal in heat units in a kiln of 50,000
bricks at the close of the burn?

Prof. Purdy: If desiring those figures I took a 30-ft.
round down draft kiln figuring in the floors, walls, crowns,
etc. I believe that in a furnace you don’t get nearly 50
per cent efficiency. Therefore my figure was very low.
I think it is more like 15 or 20 tons. This is 50,000 brick
in a round kiln.

Mr. Richardson : The point is did you figure the kiln
wall itself.

Prof. Purdy : Yes.

President Stipes: The report of the Committee on
Resolutions is the next on the program.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS.

Whereas, the Illinois Clayworkers Association in con¬
vention here at Champaign, is terminating a most interest¬
ing and profitable meeting, one which augurs favorably for
the future of our organization, therefore be it

Resolved, That the thanks of the Association be given
to its officers for their efficient services and their manifest
interest in its work.

Resolved, That the Association confesses its inability to
fitly express its sense of appreciation of the hospitality of
its Champaign and Urbana hosts. To the University fac¬
ulty it extends a sincere “thank you” for the undiminished
interest and assistance and to President James and Profs.
Breckenridge, Case, Hall, Mumford, Bain, and all who

CLKY RECORD.

have participated in their active co-operation with us, we
tender our thanks.

Whereas, We are proud of our Ceramic School and its
splendid record, which shows that its progress since its
inception has been greater than that of any other ' pre¬
viously established Ceramic School in the country.

Resolved, That the Association herewith expresses its
realization of the magnificent work of Professors Rolfe
and Purdy and their assistants, and herewith declares its
intention to support them in every way possible through¬
out the coming year, especially by using the individual in¬
fluence of its members to obtain the legislative appropria¬
tion necessary for the furtherance and extension of our
ceramic work.

Whereas, Life is short and good men are few and it is
desirable to speak well of men while they are still alive
and with us. Therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Association tells John W. Stipes,
its “untainted” president for three years, that it desires
him to feel secure in occupying premier place in its regard
and esteem. May he see many years of prosperous life
and continued association with us is the sincere wish of
the Association.

Whereas, The present legislative committee has proved
its efficiency by its past activity and successful efforts, and

Whereas, The enlargement of the committee has been
found desirable for the carrying of future work. Be it

Resolved, That the present Legislative Committee be
continued and the names of W. M. Pratt, Earlville, and J.
M. Mamer, Catppus, be adder to that committee.

Signed.

Harry de Joannis, Chairman.

J. M. Mamer.

C. C. Barr.

W. M. Pratt.

President Stipes : The report has been seconded and is
unanimously adopted.

President Stipes : The report of the treasurer, which was
also the report of the secretary follows on the program. We
will hear from Treasurer Hammerschmidt.

TREASURER’S REPORT 1907

Balance on hand . $ 67.87

Dues for 1907 . 85.00

$152.87

$ i5-25
17-05
2.00
23-50
5-40
7. 11
9.66
20.00

14-73

15.00

$129.70 $129.70

Balance in Treasury . $ 23.17

President Stipes: The report has been seconded and is
adopted unanimously.

President Stipes : Three letters from Peoria inviting the
association to meet there next year have been received by
the secretary, one from the mayor of Peoria, another from
the National Hotel, and the other from three business and

EXPENDITURES.

Stationery .

Badges .

Postage .

Postage and phone .

Typewritten letters .

R. R. transportation .

Hall rent .

Hotel entertainment .

Secretary fee .

social clubs jointly. They all offer us a good time and
treatment.

Mr. Mamer: I move that the matter of the next meet¬
ing place be left to the Executive committee for them to
decide later, as is required by the by-laws of our Associa¬
tion.

President Stipes: The report of the Committee on Nomi¬
nations is the next on the program. We will hear from
them.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON NOMINATIONS.

Your committee on nominations hereby nominate the
following for the offices of this association for the coming
year :

For President — Walter M. Pratt, Earlville.

Vice President — J. H. Mamer, Campus.

Secretary— Geo. H. Hartwell, Chicago.

Treasurer — Wm. Hammerschmidt, Lombard.

Respectfully submitted,

D. C. Haeger.

L. H. Martin,

Geo. G. Walter.

President Stipes: The report has been seconded and the
named officers are declared elected.

President Stipes : I wish to thank you all for coming to
Champaign for the last three years, and I will say further¬
more that it has given me great pleasure to meet you and
help to entertain you, and at any time you come back again,
individually or as an organization — and I hope you will do
so often in both capacities — just remember that Champaign
is ready to receive you and do the best it can for you. And
when you come here individually, don’t forget that you will
find me here ready and glad to do the best I can for you.

There were many calls for Mr. Pratt, the newly elected
president, and he received an ovation on his appearance
at the side of ex-President Stipes.

Mr. Pratt: Gentlemen of the convention, I feel very weak
to take the chair after our friend has done so well for us,
but I will pledge myself to do the very best that lies in
my power for the furtherance of the interests of the Illinois
Clay Workers Association and also for the Clay Working
School, whose success I know that we all have at heart.
I thank you very much.

It was then moved and seconded that the Executive Com¬
mittee be instructed to settle on the date and the place of
the next meeting, and their announcement to be made not
later than the 1st of September; also that the program be
decided upon not later than the 1st of October of this year,
so that those who had papers to prepare might have oppor¬
tunity to do so. This motion was carried.

Thus the 29th annual convention of the Illinois Clay
Workers’ Association was ended.

ILLINOIS CLAY WORKKKS’ ASSOCIATION 1907

John W. Stipes, Sheldon Brick Co . Champaign, Ill.

William Hammerschmidt, Lombard Brick &

Tile Co. . . Lombard, Ill.

Geo. H. Hartwell, “Clay Record” . Chicago, Ill.

J. H. Millsom, Illinois Mfg. Co . Macomb, Ill.

H. J. Shaw, Shaw, White & Co . . . Vandalia, Ill.

H. H. Thomas, Oblong Mfg. Co . Oblong, Ill.

W. M. Pratt, Pioneer Brick & Tile Works. . .Earlville, Ill.
R. O. Lovett, Sheldon Brick Co . ....Champaign, Ill.

CLHY RECORD.

Frank Leasure, Sheldon Brick Co . Champaign. Ill.

Charles Burridge, H. Brewer & Co . Tecumseh, Mich.

D. C. Haeger . Dundee, Ill.

E. R. Frazier, Chambers Bros. Co . Chicago, Ill.

C. A. Pech, Buckeye Pottery Co . Macomb, Ill.

G. C. Stoll, American Clay Mchy. Co . Wheaton, Ill.

H. J. Votaw, The J. D. Fate Co . Plymouth, Ohio

J. T. Underwood, Undenvood Pressed Brick

Co . Springfield. Ill.

George B. Roller . Canton, Ill.

Ross C. Purdy, University of Illinois . Champaign, Ill.

Charles Raymond, Jr., C. W. Raymond Co. . .Dayton, Ohio

E. W. Plummer, Madden & Co . Rushville, Ind.

Herman Bredenkamp, ist Ave. Brick & Tile

Co . Evansville, Ind.

D. D. Deeds, Thew Automatic Shovel Co . Lorain, Ohio

Fred Talbot, Laclede Fire Brick Mfg. Co. . .St. Louis, Mo.

Joe Watts, Watts Brick Yard . Newton, Ill.

John Stipes, Jr., Sheldon Brick Co . Champaign, Ill.

Roy Stipes, Sheldon Brick Co . Champaign, Ill.

Carl Ericson, Ericson & Skiles . Virginia, Ill.

Smith Wisegarver . De Land, Ill.

S. B. Loyd, Farmersville Brick & Tile Co., Farmersville, Ill.
L. D. Swodgrass, Springfield Pressed Brick

Co . Springfield, Ill.

Arthur Gillett, Aledo Brick & Tile Co . Aledo, Ill.

T. A. Vernon, Aledo Brick & Tile Co . Aledo, Ill.

S. R. Ellis, Ellis & Son . Canton, Ill.

J. E. Randall “Clay Worker” . Indianaolis, Ind.

Oscar Frazee . Moweaqua, Ill.

Geo. F. Beardsley . Champaign, Ill.

A. Barr . Urbana, Ill.

S. P. Atkinson, Atkinson Monument Co.. .Champaign, Ill.

W. J. Lee, Sheldon Brick Co . Urbana, Ill.

L. Brown, Ohio Ceramic Eng. Co . Cleveland, Ohio

John B. Burnett . ' . Urbana, Ill.

C. C. Barr, Barr Clay Co . Streator, Ill.

C. L. Martin . Dwight, Ill.

L. H. Martin . Dwight, Ill.

F. A. Martin . Mazon, Ill.

Ed. Lee, Sheldon Brick Co . Champaign, Ill.

Harry de Joannis “Brick” . -.Chicago, Ill.

Geo. J. Walter . Chatsworth, Ill.

Herbert Simpson, National Brick Mchy. Co. .. Chicago. Ill.

H. K. Keller, Sheldon Brick Co. . . . . LTrbana, Ill.

H. G. Moore, Sheldon Brick Co . Urbana, Ill.

Geo. W. Rhea, W. E. Lyon & Co . Carthage, Ill.

C. W. Rolfe, University of Illinois . Champaign, Ill.

J. M. Powell, Indiana Drain Tile Co . Brooklyn, Ind.

J. H. Hutson, Sheldon Brick Co . Urbana, Ill.

E. F. Anderson, Sheldon Brick Co . Urbana, Ill.

J. M. Gearhart, Sheldon Brick Co . Urbana, Ill.

J. M. Mamer, Mamer Bros . Campus, Ill.

J. W. Hensley . Indianapolis, Ind.

Oliver Tilbury . Towanda, Ind.

Fred Titterington, Argillo Works . Rock Island, Ill.

Wm. Gerhardt, Argillo Works . Carbon Cliff, Ill.

F. G. Matteson, Purington Paving Brick Co. Galesburg, Ill.
W. S. Purington, Purington Paving Brick

Co . Galesburg, Ill.

W D. Gates, Gates Potteries . Chicago, Ill.

H. E. Search, Dunlap Mfg. Co., . Bloomington, Ill.

L. H. Lambert, H. Lambert & Son . Beaverville, Ill.

D. O. Loy, .' . Wataga, Ill.

J. W. Robb, Clinton Paving Brick Co . Clinton, Ind.

Will P. Blair, Terre Haute Vit. Brick Co.. Terre Haute, Ind.
F. I. Clotfetter, Hillsboro Brick & Tile Co. . . .Hillsboro, Ill.

John Matingley . Urbana, Ill.

S. M. Cowgill, National Drain Tile Co. .Terre Haute, Ind.
John Hummert, Gem City Brick Co . Quincy, Ill.

F. R. Carter . . E. Peoria, Ill.

Robert Unzicker . Peru, Ill

John C. Shea, Danville . Danville, Ill.

E. L. Hess, E. M. Freese & Co . Gabon, Ohio

G. S. Brubaker, H. Brewer & Co . Perryburg, Ind.

Herman C. Steinmayer, . LaSalle Pressed

Brick Co . La Salle, Ill.

Albert Potts, C. & A. Potts & Co . Indianapolis, Ind.

M. T. Goss, Goss Engineering Co . Chicago, Ill.

Frank W. Butterworth, Western Brick Co. . . .Danville, Ill.
W. D. Richardson, Richardson-Lovejoy Eng.

Co . Columbus, Ohio.

M. W. Blair . Chicago, Ills.

- -

CALIFORNIA BRICKMAKERS’ FIGHT CON¬
CRETE WORKERS.

The Bricklayers’ Union of San Francisco, Cali., recently
decided to prohibit its members from laying brick around
concrete or on re-enforced concrete buildings. As a result
of this action the bricklayers stopped work on the Hum¬
boldt Bank and one or two of the other large buildings in
course of construction.

The Bricklayers’ Union has fought against the progress
of concrete construction and made a determined though un¬
successful effort to defeat that provision of the building or¬
dinance which was passed shortly after the fire, and which
gave recognition to 're-enforced concrete buildings.

The bricklayers threaten to boycott all concrete buildings
and every other branch of the building industry connected
with them. General President Bowen of the bricklayers
and masons is counseling and advising with the officers and
members of the Bricklayers’ Local Union, No. 7.

The Cement Workers’ Union, No. 1, of the American
Brotherhood of Cement Workers, has grown at a tremen¬
dous rate since the fire, and this organization stands on its
rights and the trade jurisdiction granted to it by the Build¬
ing Trades Council of San Francisco, the State Building
Trades Council of California and the American Federation
of Labor.

These organizations have given to the Cement Workers
all concrete wall, floor or foundation work, re-enforced con¬
crete work of every character, coppings and steps, the set¬
ting of shop made concrete steps, concrete floors, all floor
work of every character of concrete or other plastic ma¬
terial with a cement base, concrete sidewalks, cement or
concrete, imitation stone plastering on wood, wire or metal
lath or brick, cement mold work and all framing for the
same ; cemetery improvements, composed of concrete, all
foundation framing, sidewalk lights set in cement, and all
other concrete construction.

The bricklayers claim that if concrete buildings are to
be erected, they should belong to the bricklayers, and that
the cement work originally belonged to the masons’ trade.
This, of course, is strenuously denied by the Cement Work¬
ers, who claim that their industry is a product of the evolu¬
tion and progress of building construction. They maintain
that a cement worker is an expert and specialist at his
trade, and although they are willing and anxious to work
in harmony with all the other building trades and all union
men in general, still they will resist encroachment upon
their rights as determinedly and strongly as men who are
used to handle cement and make indestructible fortifications
and monuments.

What the next move will be that the bricklayers will
make remains to be seen.

CLHV RECORD,

THE USE OF WASTE HEAT FOR DRYING AND

BURNING*

BY WM. BAILLIE, ESTEVAN, ASSN.

This very important subject has been taken up in the
N. B. M. A. for the last three or four years. It has been
discussed each time with the utmost attention, hoping to
find out the practicability or impracticability, the profitable¬
ness or unprofitableness of taking heat out of continuous
kilns to dry the brick in a drier.

This subject has never yet in all its discussions reached a
stage where it could be either rejected as no good, or ac¬
cepted as a profitable system. Fuel is getting higher in
price, and in most brick plants, there is much waste heat
which is useless for the kilns, but can be utilized for the
purpose of drying plastic brick.

I am in a position to definitely decide that the “waste-
heat system” in connection with continuous kilns is practica¬
ble without the use of any extra fuel whatsoever, and I
know some of the trade are using it with some measure of
success and will back my statements that the useless waste
heat, useless as far as the kiln is concerned, is profitable to
dry all the brick, perfectly dry, that the kiln can burn.

Four years ago, I studied the subject closely. I had two
16-chamber kilns, and in observing the cooling of the lower
chambers, behind the firing chamber, I found that the cold
air would soon creep up upon the last chamber finished
burning, and to prevent this cold air from getting up too
close to the unfinished chamber, it was necessary to do what
is termed “back-fire.”

Now then, here is the point that most continuous kiln
burners are aware of. There are four chambers cooling,
the chamber next the drawers is black, but the caps are all
off so as to cool it quickly and the door pulled down ; on
top of the kiln you will find a powerful pure hot air coming
up through all the feed-holes, and lost.

The next chamber will be found red-hot but black in the
bottom, above the jets where the cold air is rushing towards
the stronger fire; the feed-holes of this chamber are also
open and the red heat is pressing up through them and lost.

And so it is with the third chamber from the drawers. In
this chamber there is a very bright red heat, also black in
the bottom, above the jets or flues, but the caps are still on.

All this heat is waste and useless, at this section of the
kiln, to assist the burning, as the air-current is away below
and has no power to pull it down from the body of chamber
and mix with the cold current. But take off the feed-caps
then the large volume of heat left in this chamber will rush
out of the feed-holes with great force and thus it is a valu¬
able heat lost. I will confine myself expressly to “waste
heat in this paper and with the two 16-chamber kilns I had
at the time I found that it was impossible for me to save
this waste heat for drying purposes, as these two kilns were
not constructed for the purpose.

The Laprairie Brick Co., over two years ago, decided to
build a new plant, which was immediately begun and I made
new plans for continuous kilns for the express purpose of

Read before the Canadian Clay Products Manufacturers
at Toronto, Dec. 14, 1906.

using the waste heat. I built two 16-chamber kilns and a
drier. The drier is entirely fireproof and cheaply built. I
use no iron tubes to convey the heat to the drier from the
kiln nor any long iron drums on top of the kiln. The dis¬
tribution is effected by a system of dampers in the kiln walls
for each chamber, which is unexposed. There is a large
flue through the center wall of the kiln and with a 24-in.
square damper from each chamber in this flue or conduit,
so that at will, when you have a chamber with remaining
heat of no further use, it can be admitted to the drier.

Again, this flue is never cold and serves a double pur¬
pose. There are from thuee to four chambers under fire ;
there are from three to four chambers cooling, but full of
fire ; a stretch of eight chambers. The radiation from these
into this flue through a 2-ft. brick wall is considerable, and
will alone supply continuous hot air to the drier, even with¬
out taking it from the chambers ; but not quite sufficient to
dry enough brick for the full capacity of the kiln without
the assistance of the waste heat from the chambers.

Some of our craft have insisted that there is no waste
heat in a continuous kiln, and consequently brick cannot be
dried with heat from one, except at the expense of extra
fuel. I have already shown there is waste heat and lots
of it, and I will not prove my assertions that the use of
waste heat from continuous kilns is both profitable and prac¬
ticable, providing the kilns are built to suit the purpose.

I wish to prove it in the following way, which, I think,
will be convincing:

My company, last winter, finding the two kilns at the
new plant such a large saving, both in fuel and labor, decid¬
ed to pull down the two “continuous kilns” in the old plant
and rebuild them on the waste-heat system as already done
in the new plant. There was also a steam drier on the old
plant with many thousand feet of steam pipe. This, too,
was pulled out and the tunnels .made fireproof to suit the
waste heat from the continuous kilns just rebuilt, and the
brick came out of the drier in better condition than from
the steam drier.

The drier is run by an electric motor, the surplus heat
escaping through doors provided for the purpose, when not
wanted.

The fan must be continuously working in order to keep
the chambers cool and free from dust and also keep the
kilns working fast.

I have proved the waste-heat system a success. The fact
of the company pulling down continuous kilns and recon¬
structing them to be adapted to this system, after proving
to their entire satisfaction and by figures that the saving
from the waste-heat system would soon pay for such recon¬
struction, is a sufficient basis for my assertions.

In addition I may mention that the Laprairie Brick Co. is
now building two more 16-chamber kilns, nearly double the
capacity of the latest, and built on the waste-heat system.
This plant is figured to have next season a capacity of
nearly 300,000 daily. Although I have treated this subject
with confidence, I feel that some of our fellow craftsmen
will doubt. Still I feel gratified that those who have tested
it know it to be good.

Since we have the continuous kiln harnessed successfully

OLHY RECORD.

to give up for practical use such waste heat not wanted
for burning but very useful for drying the green material,
I will touch on the vast amount of waste heat lost in down-
draft kilns. It is true that in some places they draw the
heat off the down-draft kilns for drying purposes and when
a down-draft kiln is fired off with, say, 150,000 or over of
brick, at a white or near white heat, the utilization of this
vast body of heat after it has done its work at burning is
very important. As already remarked, some plants use it
for the purpose of drying, but this is only necessary where
plastic brick is made to draw the heat from a down-draft
kiln to a tunnel drier or any other kind of drier, and can
be easily done.

Where dry-pressed brick only are made, no drier is neces¬
sary. The next thing is how shall we use this vast amount
of waste heat from down-draft kilns where dry-pressed
brick are made only and get the benefit thereof. This sub¬
ject is also practical and has been proven a success.

There is a battery of four down-draft kilns on the La-
prairie Brick Co.’s new plant. Each kiln holds 155,000
brick. A system of underground flues run along both ends
of the row of four kilns ; more kilns can be added if desired
with still better results, but four is the least that can be
worked. These kilns on top are all connected with a 36-in.
iron tube so that the waste heat can be taken out of one
finished kiln and drawn down in the next kiln just filled. It
is well known that dry-pressed brick need a low heat to
start watersmoking. In some places, according to the ma¬
terial, they have to go very slow for several days; others
can go much faster. To get a low degree of heat to start
watersmoking, the writer introduced a system of small flues
all over the arch of the kilns to the main conduit, or in
other words, it is one light arch on top of the main arch.
The main arch gets nearly red-hot below the light arch.

To start watersmoking a kiln we get sufficient heat to
start the first twenty-four hours, or longer, as found neces¬
sary to suit the material; then as more heat is required, a
hole in the main arch can be opened, and as more heat is
require more holes can be opened until the kiln is dry and
hot enough to receive a coal fire. We watersmoke our kilns
at Laprairie in four days, and if closely attended to they
can be burned in six days.

Now, then, what is the saving by this waste-heat system?

The following are the figures. Formerly it took six days
to watersmoke with wood.

Two burners, 1 for night, 1 for day, 6 davs.$ 24.00

One man wheeling wood, etc . 9.00

Fifteen cords of wood at $4.50 per cord. . . . 67.50

Saving on each kiln . $100.50

The waste-heat fan is run by a motor so that, while water¬
smoking, the kiln needs no attention whatever, only once a
day a few minutes to increase the heat, as required.

I have been asked the question often: “Is it more eco¬
nomical to burn plastic brick in down-draft kilns or up¬
draft?” It is known the world over that the down-draft
kilns are the best for high-grade face brick, and also for
paving-brick burning, but for common plastic building brick,
the continuous is much better and most economical.

KANSAS GAS BELT BRICKMAKERS FILE A
COMPLAINT AGAINST RAILROADS FOR
CAR SHORTAGE.

Independence, Kan. — Frank J. Ryan of Leavenworth,
Kan., a member of the state board of railroad commission¬
ers, was in the city today making a few inquiries and taking
some mental notes available for use in a meeting of the
board to be held at the instance of the Kansas Gas Brick
Manufacturers’ association at Cherryvale a month hence.

An informal meeting of the association with Mr. Ryan
was held at Cherryvale the day before. The brick manufac¬
turers had complained to the railroad commission, that the
Santa Fe, Missouri Pacific and other roads have discrimi¬
nated against them in the matter of apportioning cars.

At the Independence meeting, A. C. Stich and Manager
McClaren of the Western States Cement Co. represented
Independence; W. T. McClung, Mound Valley; H. F. Reid,
Parsons ; E. R. Dick, Coffeyville, and C. H. Cole, Spring-
field, Mo. These gentlemen put the matter of the car short¬
age before Mr. Ryan, who after consultation with the rep¬
resentatives present, advised them to file a formal complaint
against the railroads, as the best plan to get the matter
squarely before the board of commissioners for adjustment.
The association acted upon the suggestion and charges were
preferred which will result in a formal inquiry to be held
at Cherryvale, probably about April 1.

J. J. Amos of Humboldt, president of the Brick Manufac¬
turers’ association, presided at the meeting and it was ad¬
journed subject to his call.

Mr. Ryan will file the complaint of the brick men with
the commission and the hearing will be held as stated above.

Independence knows well enough what the car shortage
means. Some of this city’s largest industries have been seri¬
ously crippled for months owing to a lack of cars with
which to transport manufactured products.

The railroads have dealt out the cars in broken periods
when any were received at all, and then the number was
only sufficient to partly relieve congestion and advance the
work of the manufacturing plants.

In the matter of apportionment the brick makers feel that
they get the worst of it, and now they want to know why.
Mr. Ryan saw enough in the situation as presented to con¬
vince him that an investigation was needed and it will,
therefore, be ordered.

“I was surprised at the magnitude of your resources and
industries,” said Mr. Ryan. “Of course I knew you were
in the oil and gas belt, but we people up in the other corner
of the state little realized what you were really doing down
here. Instead of small, struggling cities, with only a live
one here and there, you have in this section cities of 15,000
and 16,000 which are having a marvelous growth and your
industries are doing a volume of business which is only
appreciated by a close investigation. I feel sure that when
I present this matter to the board and show them what you
are doing down here and how badly you need relief in the
matter of transportation they will be as earnestly interested
as I am now and will be eager to come and see what can be
done to help matters.”

CLKV RECORD,

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them :

841,647. Pavement. Edward Heylyn, Manchester, Conn.
Filed March 9, 1906. Serial No. 305,096.

Claim. — A compound pavement formed of abutting blocks
of hardened plastic compound, each block having a wide
flat base and a dovetail wearing-rib narrower than the width
but as long as the length of the base, extending upwardly
from the middle thereof, and dovetail locking-strips of
wood lying between the wearing ribs and overlapping the
longitudinal and the transverse joints so that each strip rests
upon sections of the bases of four blocks, substantially as
specified.

841,683. Vehicle for Carrying Brick. John J. Gledhill,
St. Louis, Mo. Filed Sept. 9, 1905. Serial No. 277,788.

Claim. — A vehicle for carrying brick, comprising a rigid
body-frame mounted on wheels, a bail-shaped handle rigid¬
ly secured to one end of said body-frame, a brick-support
mounted to slide up and down on said body-frame, a plur¬
ality of toggle connections connecting the brick-support to
the body-frame, said toggle connections being adapted to
break joint away from the handle in order to lower the
brick-support, and adapted to break joint in a direction to¬
ward the handle for the purpose of retaining the brick-
support in a raised position, and a hand-lever associated
with said pushing-handle and connected for operating said
toggles.

A vehicle for carrying brick, comprising a body-frame
composed of parallel and longitudinally arranged channel-
irons, one channel-iron being arranged on top of the other
at each side of the vehicle, an axle extending across and se¬
cured between the said upper and lower channel-irons, said
channel-irons having their front and rear ends upturned
and provided with vertical guides, wheels mounted on said
axle, a brick-support composed of parallel and longitudi¬

nally-disposed channel-irons having their end portions bent
down and adapted to slide up and down on said guides,
toggles connecting the brick-support with the body-frame,
a handle rigid with the body-frame, and a swinging hand-
lever connected for operating said toggles, whereby the
brick-support can be raised and lowered by operating the
hand-lever.

842,043. Brick-kiln. Charles K. Weller, Atlanta, Ga.
Filed July 24, 1906. Serial No. 327,538.

Claim. — A brick-kiln having suitable walls, a plurality
of furnaces in two of the oppositely-disposed walls, a grate
in each of said furnaces, an air-supply pipe, branch pipes
connected to said supply-pipe and delivering to each of the
furnaces beneath the grate thereof, a damper in each of
said pipes, a trap in each of said pipes, and a hood over the
delivery end of each pipe and serving to prevent the en¬
trance of foreign matter thereto.

open-ended troughs, suitable walls having furnaces located
therein and alternately disposed in respect to said open-
ended troughs, a grate in each of said furnaces, an air-sup¬
ply pipe beneath said floor and to one side thereof, branch
pipes connecting said supply-pipe with each of said troughs,
branch pipes connecting said supply-pipe with each of said
furnaces beneath the grate thereof, a trap and a hood in
each of the last-mentioned branch pipes, and a damper in
all of said branch pipes.

841,789 Kiln. Gustav- Larson, Los Angeles, Cal., as¬
signor, to Los Angeles Pressed Brick Company, Los An¬
geles, Cal., a Corporation of California. Filed Feb. 21, 1906.
Serial No. 302,178.

Claim. — A kiln comprising a top, floor, and walls, means
for maintaining a plurality of heat-currents having opposite
directions of movement under the floor, means for conduct¬
ing currents of one direction vertically on one side and for
conducting currents having the other direction vertically
on the other side., means for causing all currents to descend
through the floor, and means for conducting currents after
passing through the floor, successively in opposite direc¬
tions and parallel with the adjacent currents so that each
outgoing current passes by the adjacent currents, all of the
heat-currents under said floor being in contact therewith.

•4s-

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tfcy tcy k

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— 12 - ” -

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A kiln comprising a top, floor, and walls, the side walls
having fireplaces, horizontal flues under the floor communi¬
cating with the fireplaces, injector-burners at the fireplaces,
vertical flues inside the kiln communicating with the hori¬
zontal flues, other flues under the floor for carrying off the
heat-current, the floor having openings into the latter flues,
and chimneys communicating with the latter flues.

CLKY RECORD.

841,998. Tile Flooring. Logan W. Mulford, Philadel¬
phia, Pa. Filed Feb. 20, 1906. Serial No. 302,003

Claim. — A tile for flooring and the like, of a shape
adapted to coincide edgewise when assembled in series, hav¬
ing an aperture extending through the body portion thereof
in the direction of its thickness, a filling in said aperture of
a harder material than the body portion of the tile, and with
means integral therewith adapted to interlock a body of
such tiles in series.

In a device of the character described, tiles having
apertures therethrough, the walls of said apertures being
serrated, and a locking member having projections thereon
adapted to be seated in apertures of different tiles, the upper
end of said locking member being substantially flush with
the upper surface of the tiles.

841,921. Combined Pulverizer and Sampler. Oscar
C. Beach and Arthur L. Buzzell, Los Angeles, Cal., assign¬
ors, by mesne assignments, to Frederick W. Braun, Los
Angeles, Cal. Filed March 21, 1906. Serial No. 307,242.

Claim. — An apparatus for pulverizing and dividing fran¬
gible materials, comprising a frame having a laterally-ex¬
tending arm which is provided with an open slot, a station¬
ary grinding-plate having an opening therein, a screw posi¬
tioned in said slot and provided with a head at its lower end,
a nut mounted upon said screw and resting upon said slot¬
ted arm, a vertically-mounted shaft swiveled to said head, a
grinding-plate fixed to the bottom of said shaft, and means
for rotating the latter, as set forth.

An apparatus for pulverizing and dividing frangible ma¬
terials, comprising a frame, a stationary .grinding-plate hav¬
ing an opening therein, a hopper, a vertically-adjustable
shaft, means for supporting the same, a grinding-plate
fixed to the bottom of said shaft, screws projecting from the
flange of said hopper, a receptacle having ears with oppo¬
sitely-disposed slots therein adapted to receive said screws,

nuts upon said screws for holding the receptacle in place,
and dividing-cups within said receptacle, as set forth.

841,947. Kiln. Paul Chmelewski, Helsingfors. Russia,
assignor to Anna Mathilda Chmelewski, Helsingfors, Fin¬
land, Russia. Filed Aug. 23, 1906. Serial No. 331,761.

Claim. — A kiln of the character described, comprising an
inner wall, an outer wall surrounding the same and spaced
thereform to form a continuous chamber, said outer wall
having filling-openings and fire-openings, removable parti¬
tions between said walls for dividing said continuous cham¬
ber into separate compartments, temporary tops supported
upon brick masses or the like in said chamber and having

outlet-openings formed therein, said inner wall having a
smoke-passage communicating with the compartments of
said chamber, valves for controlling the communication be¬
tween said passage and said compartments, fire-passages in
said temporary tops, and removable closures for said fire-
passages, substantially as described.

841,788. Means for Making Stone-Faced Brick. Wil¬
liam 'Lammersen, Los Angeles, Cal. Filed Feb. 23, 1906.
Serial No. 302,398.

Claim. — A frame adapted to receive a brick or like body,
means mounted on the frame to engage said body and hold
it in determined position therein ; an edge of said frame be¬
ing open to receive plastic material for application to said
body, the sides of said frame being adapted to give form
to the edges of the plastic material when applied to said
body.

A frame provided with a longitudinal partition and with
an opening at an edge and provided with openings in its
sides, handles fastened to the frame and provided with ad¬
justable points projecting through said openings, and means
for fastening said handles together.

1 • • •

The Buffalo (N. Y.) Forge Co. have recently closed con¬
tracts for heating and ventilating apparatus for the Geo¬
graphical Laboratory, Carnegie Institute of Washington,
Keystone Watch Co., Philadelphia, Pa. ; J. J. Howden &
Co., Muskegon, Mich. ; Hood Furnace & Supply Co., Corn¬
ing, N. Y., and the Electric Wheel Co., of Quincy, Ill.

OLHY

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company,

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

I . 1 - ■ Egg' ■

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor.
SUBSCRIPTIONS.

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States, Canada or Mexico
and one dollar fifty cents for all other foreign countries.

Pftpers are not stopped at the end of subscriptions unless the sub*
scribers order them so and pay up the arrearages.

ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POST OFFICE AS SECOND-CLAS8 MATTER.

~ r ' V ' " ' .* ‘ 4 ' "

Vol. XXX. MARCH 15, 1907. No. 5

«• I like to read American advertisements. They are fn
themselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.” — William E. Gladstone.

If a man has one enemy he has enough.

Lazy men are always telling about some other men who
are fools for luck.

Oh, no, Alphonse, a man isn’t necessarily one-sided be¬
cause he has never crossed the ocean.

It is as easy to get the reputation of being a “good fel¬
low” as it is hard to get rid of it when* age brings wisdom.

' *

When a man frankly admits that he was in the wrong
it is equivalent to his saying, “I am wiser today than I was
yesterday.”

When a man is sick, he doesn’t pay much attention to
the doctor s advice until he happens to see an undertaker’s
wagon pass the window.

“Whether the advertiser gets full value from a publica¬
tion depends on the publication and partly on his skill in
presenting his product; but the subscriber, as a rule, has
only himself to blame if he fails to make a very large profit
on a very small subscription investment. There are com¬
paratively few trade journals that deserve consignment to
the waste basket in their original wrappers.” — Ex.

Are you doing your duty? Subscribe now for the Clay
Record, it is the only clay journal that is published twice a
month in America. It is a duty that you owe to yourself
to take the clay journals and keep posted as to what is
going on in the industry. Try the Clay Record for a
year. It costs only one dollar.

The average clay worker attributes most of his short com¬
ings and failures to a lack of time. He is always rushed.
We have seen clayworkers who actually gloried in telling
how far behind they were with their work; it becomes a
chronic ailment, but it is only the man who hasn’t time to
think who believes that it is incurable.

One of the most successful clayworkers of this state,
who, by the way, always has plenty of time for each sea¬
son’s work, affirms that if clayworkers would work longer
hours with their brains and less with their muscles they
would have more time for both.

There is a great deal of truth in the above statement, for
it is an undeniable fact that the greatest stumbling block in
successful clay working today is not the high price of labor,
the uncertainties of the weather or the intrigue of capital¬
ists combining, but simply the lack of system and fore¬
sight in executing the ordinary round of labor in clayworks.

Men rely too much upon pure strength. Always take
time and think.

BUILDING OPERATIONS FOR FEBRUARY.

» _ . • ‘-A '

Viewed in a broad way the building statistics from some
fifty leading cities throughout the country for February,
1907, are as satisfactory as could be expected by those who
are well informed as to the building movement for the past
few years. As compared with the corresponding month of
last year there is, in the aggregate, quite a decided falling
off. This was to be expected, since a constant increase
was out of the question, particularly in cities where all
records, all anticipations, have been broken and surpassed.
In those cities, even, that have been subjected to the great¬
est loss, the business reported is still of great proportions,
far in excess of anything recorded before the development
of the building movement of the past four years. This
is the waiting season, and developments as to labor, the
price of material and other matters may lead to much
more extensive operations in the near future. While no
boom is in sight construction, in general, is in a healthful
condition.

The percentage of gain in the leading cities, as com¬
pared with February, 1906, is indicated by the following
figures: Atlanta, 100; Chattanooga, 57; Dallas, 43; Den¬
ver, 3; Detroit, 43; Duluth, 128; Kansas City, 29; Mem-
phis, 57; Mobile, 924; Omaha, 17; Portland, 189; St.
Louis, 4; St. Paul, 149; Seattle, 304 ;' Syracuse, 78; Ta¬
coma. 13 1 ; Worcester, 97. Leading cities show the fol-

CLHV RECORD.

lowing percentage of loss: Buffalo, 9; Cleveland, 31 ; Dal¬
las, 54; Harrisburg, 26; Hartford, 93; Indianapolis, 57;
Louisville, 77 ; Milwakuee, 54 ; Minneapolis, 69 ; Nashville,
31; Newark, 7; New York, 30; Philadelphia, 67; Roches¬
ter, 22; Salt Lake City, 17; Toledo, 46; Washington, 97.

OBITUARY

William Dunn, an old and prominent resident of the
Sixth ward, Pittsburgh, Pa., died suddenly at his home.
He was born in Ireland and came to this country while
young. He was engaged in brick manufacturing at Brad-
dock until a few years ago, and later was superintendent of
the laborers at -the Homestead works.

George H. Rice, a retired brick manufacturer and widely
known resident of Louisville, Ivy., died at the residence of
his son at Kill’s station of pneumonia. He was 64 years
of age and a native of Louisville. He retired a few years
ago.

George M. Hall, one of the best known business men of
Homestead, Pa., died at his home of paralysis. He was
45 years of age and entered the contracting business at the
age of 23. At the time of his death he was the president of
the Homestead Savings Bank & Trust Co., The George M.
Hall Contracting Co. and Nonpareil Stone & Brick Co. ;
treasurer of the Imperial Gold Mining Co. and a member
of the Homestead council.

■ ■ «>»-- .

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS EXECUTIVE IS TO
SERVE ANOTHER TERM.

Urbana, Ill., March 13. — Dr. E. J. James was re-elected
president of the University of Illinois yesterday for a term
of two years by the trustees at their annual meeting. The
new board of trustees organized as follows :

President — L. H. Kerrick, Bloomington.

Secretary and register — W. L. Pilsbury.

Comptroller — S. W. Shattuck.

Treasurer — H. A. Haugan, Chicago.

Prof. A. V. Bleinninger of Ohio State university was
selected to fill the newly created chair of assistant professor
of ceramics. S. A. Bullard of Springfield, the retiring presi¬
dent, quit the board after a service of eighteen years.

Bloomington, Ill., March 13. — L. H. Kerrick, one of the
wealthiest farmers of central Illinois, an extensive breeder
and exhibitor of Aberdeen-Angus cattle, was found dead
in bed this morning. Heart disease was the cause. He was
elected president of the board of trustees of the Illinois
university in Champaign yesterday. Mr. Kerrick was 60
years old.

- 4«»

EDWARDSVILLE WILL SUPPLY BRICK TO

ST. LOUIS.

An Edwardsville, Ill., concern has come into active com¬
petition with the big St. Louis plants on the larger deals, and
with evident success. The Richards Brick Company has
closed a deal with the James Stewart Company, contractors,
for the new Ely-Walker & Company building in St. Louis.
One million brick will be supplied for the structure from the
Edwardsville works. The contract is one of the largest ever
made in this city in the building brick line.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES

The Gifford (la.) Tile Works has been sold at sheriff
sale. It was bid in by Luther Devondorf for $117,822.

The Scott Brick Co., Prudential Bldg., Atalnta, Ga., has
been placed into the hands of a receiver and a petition for
bankruptcy filed.

The Southern Fire Brick & Clay Co., Hillsdale, Ind., has
had a suit decided in their favor for $3,000 against John
F. Warwick of Chicago.

Henry M. Baldridge, a brick and tile manufacturer at
Mt. Auburn, Ills., has filed a petition in bankruptcy, schedul¬
ing his assets at $400 and liabilities at $6,620.

William Collier, an oiler at the Pioneer Fireproofing Con¬
struction Co.’s plant at Ottawa, Ills., had his clothing
caught in the large shaft and all torn from his body except
his shoes..

John Holmes, a brick mason, fell from the scaffold while
at work on the Central Christian Church, Houston, Texas,
and was killed. He left $1,800 in a Houston bank and to
date no relatives have been found.

Raymond C. Coblantz has sued the brick company at
Mound Valley, Kansas, for $12,100 damages for the loss
of three fingers which were crushed by a machine while
he was employed by the company.

The Schuylkill Valley Clay Mfg. Co., ion Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia, Pa., and having a plant at Schoemakersville,
Berks Co., has been placed in the hands of a receiver by
James B. Smith, a creditor and stockholder. The plant is
valued at $100,000.

Walter D. Meals has been appointed receiver for the Eg-
gers Brick Co. of Cleveland, Ohio. The company is capi¬
talized at $150,000. The State Banking & Trust Co. hav¬
ing filed a suit for $29,548.50 against F. H. Eggers and
the Eggers Brick Co., caused Mr. Eggers to apply for the
receiver.

The Savage Fire Clay Co. at their Keystone Junction,
Pa., plant had two accidents in one day. Clayton Lenchart
while working about the crushing machine caught his
clothes in a revolving wheel and badly injured him before
they were torn from the body. Also a laborer by the name
of Long was caught in a cave-in of the clay pit and both
arms badly crushed under the clay.

FILES PETITION FOR WRIT OF HABEAS
CORPUS PROCEEDINGS.

Claiming that State Warden W. J. Garey, at the camps
of the Bibb Brick Company, Macon, Ga., is illegally re¬
straining him from attending a trial involving his civil rights
as against the colored commmandery of Odd Fellows of
Macon, William Collins, a negro, filed a petition for writ
of habeas corpus with Judge W. H. Felton, of the superior
court, and asked that the court pass upon his rights in the
matter. Collins sued the Odd Fellows for alleged injuries
which he sustained when they initiated him into the order.
He said they broke three ribs and otherwise badly damaged
his physical condition. For stealing a mule some months
ago Collins was sent to the pen for ten years. Prior to this
he had entered suit for damages against the Odd Fellows.

CLMY RECORD,

WISCONSIN CLAY WORKERS’ ASSOCIATION
WILL MEET IN MILWAUKEE IN 1907.

The Wisconsin Clay Workers’ association, which finished
its annual meeting- at Madison, March 1, decided to hold its
next meeting in Milwaukee. It also decided to ask the
railroad commission of Wisconsin to issue an order reducing
freight rates on brick and tile so that Wisconsin manufac¬
turers can compete in the southern part of the state with
the Chicago manufacturers, who are declared to have an
advantage over the Badgers because they are given more
favorable freight rates. The matter was laid before the
railroad commission several weeks ago, but was withdrawn
at the request of the railroads, which promised to make
satisfactory rates, but have so far failed to do so. A special
committee was appointed to collect funds and prosecute the
matter before the commission. This committee consists of
Harry De Joann is of Chicago, F. L. Sanborn of Portage,
and A. Kearney of Kenosha.

The following officers were elected for the ensuing year :
President, A. W. Hilker, Racine; vice president, Fred
Vogt, Milwaukee; secretary, Oscar Wilson, Menomonie;
treasurer, Oscar Zimball, Sheboygan.

- ♦-»-* -

H. C. KAFER & CO. QUIT BRICK MAKING
AFTER MANY YEARS OPERATING.

H. C. Kafer & Co., Trenton, N. J., brick manufacturers,
have announced that with the expiration of the lease on
their yard at Princeton and Paul Avenues, April 1, they
will retire from the brick business. This company has been
for many years one of the most important branches of the
brick industry in Trenton. The retirement of Mr. Kafer
and Mr. Ivins comes after business careers which have
been exceptionally successful. They have no plans for the
future in a business way but they will not be engaged in
brick manufacturing.

This company is made up of Nathan R. Ivins and Henry
C. Kafer. These men went into the brick business in their
present yard nineteen years ago when the industry was so
extensive in Trenton that the city was classed among the
most important brick producing centers of the United
States. Kafer & Ivins, in the bright days of brick mak¬
ing here, contributed very largely to the fame of the city
in this particular commercial way.

The Kafer & Ivins yards turned out common and pressed
front brick. The annual capacity of the yard was 1,500,-
000 front brick and 2,500,000 common brick, and it is
estimated that in the nineteen years of the history of the
company a total of 72,000,000 bricks were produced.

The market for the Kafer & Ivins front bricks has al¬
ways been an extensive one and the demand has always
been greater than, the supply. Most of the business for
front bricks was in New York markets. The common
bricks were very largely sold in Trenton.

They furnished the front bricks for many of the prom¬
inent buildings) in New York and other cities. Their
front brick was of the highest grade. The last order
they received was for the front bricks for the Singer Build¬
ing, Corner Broadway and Liberty St., New York, which
is to be forty-two stories high.

THE RELIANCE DRY PRESS CATALOGUE.

The latest catalogue of brick machinery to enter the
office of the Clay Record is that of the Reliance Machine
& Tool Works, St. Louis, Mo. They are the builders of
the Reliance Dry Press brick machine and general appli¬
ances that goes to make a complete clay working plant.

The Reliance Machine, an advertisement of which you
will see on page 14 of this issue is one of the newer makes
of dry presses. It is meeting with all kinds of success and
the company state that they are exceedingly busy with
orders. The company has had years o.f experience in build¬
ing brick presses, they being the builders of several of the
St. Louis type of dry presses.

The Reliance Dry Press is a radical departure from the
old style “togle” machine. It is operated by rams and
plungers and the main pressure is applied from the bot¬
tom in an absolutely straight line. This leaves the finished
brick at the top of the mold box. Write and get further in¬
formation.

BRINGS SUIT FOR HEAVY DAMAGES.

In filing an action for $200,000 against the Pennsylvania
Railroad Co., the Ohio Silica Co. of East Liverpool, O.,
through its attorney, ex-Judge P. M. Smith, of Pittsburgh,
Pa., in a petition and bill of particulars, asserts that through
a combination of circumstances the silica company, which
was formerly operated under the name of the Juniata
Silica Co., at Newton Hamilton in Mifflin county, Pa., Was
put out of business.

It is asserted that the company at Newton Hamilton, was
able to make direct shipments, of flint to manufacturing
potters and that it was a competitor of the Potters Mining
and Milling Co., of East Liverpool, a firm which had to
make two shipments of raw materials before their product
reached the manufacturers. It is asserted that while the
company was operating at Newton Hamilton, freight rates
jumped to $2.20 a ton for its product and after the firm re¬
moved to East Liverpool rates were immediately lowered
to $1.40 a ton.

The Potters Mining and Milling Co., of East Liverpool,
were competitors of the new firm. The potters company is
owned by a large number of manufacturing potters of the
East Liverpool district and its officers are: President, B. C.
Simms, of the Thompson Pottery Co. ; secretary, Joseph G.
Lee, of the Knowles, Taylor & Knowles Co. ; general mana¬
ger, Allen Fink, formerly of Mt. Vernon, O. The officers
of the Ohio Silica Co. are: President, George W. Ash-
baugh ; vice president, B. F. Parker; treasurer, Charles C.
Ashbaugh ; secretary, William G. Stevenson.

The Ohio Silica Co., it is alleged, was unable to get cars,
coal and other favors from the Pennsylvania Company, so
long as it was located at Newton Hamilton, under the name
of the Juniata Silica Co.

- -

PUT THEIR EMPLOYES ON PIECE PLAN.

It is noted that the Townsend Brick and Contracting com¬
pany, Zanesville, O., has placed its employes on the piece
plan whereby the latter are enabled to make more dollars per
week. This is undoubtedly beneficial to the wage recipients.

CLHV RECORD.

THE NEW YORK BRICK MARKET

The market for brick is quiet and there is little business
being done. The holding up of the big building business
that, with the filing of permits, which is expected to begin
shortly, a good demand will set in. The stocks in New
is keenly felt by brick manufacturers, but it is expected
York city are of good proportions, although not large
enough to cause any reduction in prices.

(Dealers’ prices to consumers.)

Cargo lots, delivered, cars N. Y.

Front, bufifs, No. i . 32 oo @

Grays, shaded and speckled . 32 00 @

White, No. 1 . 32 00 @

Hudson River, common . 5 50 @ 6 00

Light, hard . 4 5° @ 5 00

Pale . 3 50 @ 4 00

No. 1 fire, American . 25 °° @

No. 2 fire, American . 20 00 @

Scotch . . 35oo @

■» « »

RECENT SALES MADE BY THE “MARTIN”

COMPANY

The Standard Brick Company, Mountain View, New
Jersey, are adding to their present brick yard equipment,
one of the new “Martin” Compound Disintegrators, in¬
stalled by the Henry Martin Brick Machine Manufactur¬
ing Company, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

The Williamsburg Brick Works, Williamsburg, Vir¬
ginia, are equipping their new plant with “Martin Soft
Mud Brick Machinery complete, and the “Martin” Patent
system of handling and drying soft mud brick, supplied by
the Henry Martin Brick Machine Company, of Lancaster,
Pennsylvania.

The Holmes Brick Works, Holmes, Pennsylvania, are
greatly improving their plant by the addition of the “Mar¬
tin” Patent Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer System, in¬
stalled by the Henry Martin Brick Machine Manufactur¬
ing Company, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

Mr. P. Lafond of Sand Point, Idaho, has just installed
a “Martin” all iron and steel Style “P” Steam Power
Brick Machine complete, including sander, etc., purchased
from the Henry Martin Brick Machine Manufacturing
Company, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

The C. M. Miller Manufacturing and Mining Company,
Terre Haute, Indiana, have just equipped their plant with
one of the “Martin” Latest Improved Style “A” Steam
Power Brick Machines, together with Martin Sander and
Brickyard Supplies, furnished by the Henry Martin Brick
Machine Manufacturing Company, of Lancaster, Penn¬
sylvania.

The Middleton Clay Working Company, Middleton,
Nova Scotia, are installing at the present time a Martin
Disintegrator complete, supplied by the Henry Martin
Brick Machine Manufacturing Company, of Lancaster,
Pennsylvania.

The Columbia Clay Company, Vancouver, British Col¬
umbia, are installing a new “Martin” Patent Compound
Disintegrator complete, supplied by the Henry Martin
Brick Machine Manufacturing Company of Lancaster,
Pennsylvania.

FATHER OF SHALE BRICK CRITICALLY ILL.

Joseph Stafford, one of the oldest and best known citi¬
zens of Springfield, Ill., and the originator of the shale
brick for paving purposes, is critically ill at St. John’s hos¬
pital. He was removed to the hospital about three weeks
ago from the Normandie hotel, where he has made his
home for the last few years.

BRICK, TILE AND TERRA COTTA WORKERS
MAKE AN AGREEMENT WITH STEAM

ENGINES

The Brick, Tile and Terra Cotta Workers’ International
Alliance has entered into an agreement with the Interna¬
tional Steam Engineers’ Union whereby the Steam Engi¬
neers’ Union is given jurisdiction over all engineers work¬
ing in the brick, tile and terra cotta plants where a local
union of that organization exists, and in localities where
there is no steam engineers’ union the brick, tile and terra
cotta workers are to have jurisdiction over the engineers.

— .... .1 ►

BRICK FAMINE NOW CONFONTS THE BUILD¬
ERS OF SAN FRANCISCO

Mortar, mortar everywhere
And not a decent brick.

If the ancient mariner were to have changed places with
a contractor in San Francisco he would have come to the
conclusion that even a skyscraper might become under
certain circumstances nearly as idle as a painted ship upon
a painted ocean.

A brick famine is on, notwithstanding that ten months
ago the wise ones were saying that it would require ten
years to remove the debris from the burned district. Nearly
all of the surface indications of the great fire have been
eliminated, and while at every hand are lots deep in brick,
the tempting high wall is gone, and the man who waxed
financially fat on the brick-cleaning machines’ output is
looking around for owners who have bricks that are easy
to handle and deliver from the scraper at $9 per thousand.

New brick have gone up to $13.50 in many cases, and
the brick companies declare that their three big yards
are unable to turn out the brick fast enough to fill the de¬
mand.

The contractors say that rather peculiar state of affairs
exists in the brick market. Many men are anxious to buy
brick from property-owners who have uncleaned lots in the
burned district, but the owners for some unknown reason
are slow to make terms. Contractors pay about $3 per
thousand for “debris” brick, clean them, stack them up and
sell them to builders. All the owner has to do is to count the
stacks and draw down his money, but the average owner ap¬
parently believes that he would better keep his brick and
use them himself when he starts to build. In the meantime
the brick companies announce that it is up to their capacity
of production and brick will probably pass as common ten¬
der before long. The man without the price can truthfully
sing:

In those damndest finest ruins
I would rather be a brick.

Reinforced concrete may be the undoing of the trust, but
the brick is a brick for a’ that.

CLKV

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS

The Waterloo (la.) Cement Tile Co. are now turning
out all sizes of cement drain tile.

The Waterloo (la.) Granite Brick Co. has just sold ioo
car loads of sand lime brick to be used in the beet sugar fac¬
tory at Waverly.

The Brick & Stone works of the Lawton (Okla.) Con¬
crete Manufacturing Co. has been purchased by J. C.
Klein, W. F. Rice and C. S. Hough, all of Van Wert, Okla.

E. E. Smith, Rockville City, la., will go into the cement
tile business, he having purchased a machine and a power
mixer. He has several contracts for drain tile, using large
size tile.

The plant of the Memphis (Tenn.) Granite Brick Co.
has been sold by Bolton Smith and associates, the new own¬
ers buying same merely for the real estate, and will dis¬
pose of the machinery.

The Laketon (Ind.) Sand Lime Brick Co. have started
up again after being closed down to make repairs and im¬
provements. They have many large orders ahead for their
well known sand lime brick. /

The United States Brick Corporation, Michigan City,
Ind., will more than double the capacity of their plant. A
new five mould press, additional mixers and another steel
hardening cyclinder 66 feet in length has been added.

The Granite Brick Corporation, Norfolk, Va., has been
incorporated with $150,000 capital stock. Officers are: E. S.
Mahoney, of Norfolk, president; L. F. Kwialowski of New
York, vice president; Edward Mahoney, treasurer.

A factory for the manufacture of sand lime brick will be
erected by the Columbia Brick company at Washington,
D. C., at Berwyn, Md. It has purchased 80 acres of land for
that purpose and the cost of the plant is estimated at
$80,000.

The Logansport (Ind.) Industrial Association are behind
the Logansport Pressed Brick Company, which is planning
to capatilize at $30,000 and build a sand lime brick plant.
Already $10,000 worth of the stock has been subscribed.
Rufus Magee and Judge Nelson are among the subscribers.

An application has been filed by the Scientific Brick Co.
of Toronto, Ontario, for the winding up of the affairs of
the Modern Brick & Stone Co. of that city. The Scientific
company prepared $12,000 worth of machinery under con¬
tract for the company and it failed to acquire a site for
same to be placed.

The New England Roman Stone Co., Rutland, Vt., has
been organized under the laws of New York with $10,000
capital stock. The officers are Arthur H. Smith, president;
Ransom H. Gillet, vice president; Wm. C. Colburn, secre¬
tary and treasurer, and E. Allen Burdette manager. The
office is in the Gryphon block.

A party of Pittsburg capitalists are said to have secured
a site just across from the furnaces of the Columbus (O.)
Iron & Steel Co.’s plant and will manufacture brick out of
the waste slag from this plant. Heretofore this slag has
been considered a waste except with the. Chicago mills of
the U. S. Steel corporation, which is now converting it
into Portland cement at the rate of 10,000 barrels daily.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

W. E. Roberts, Idaho Falls, Idaho, has sold his brick
yard to Albert Okerman.

J. R. Sutton has been elected general manager of the
Table Rock (Nebr.) Brick & Clay Co.

H. O’Bleness and son, C. G. O’Bleness, have disposed of
their stock in the Athens (O.) Brick Co. to W. N. Aider-
man.

William Freiberg, a Portland, Oregon, contractor, has
bought 40 acres of clay land on Canyon Road for $20,000
and will put up a large brick works.

The Riverside Fuel & Supply Co., Fremont, Ohio, are
installing a new brick machine that will increase the capac¬
ity of their plant to 50,000 brick daily.

P. H. Paulsen has purchased A. E. Biglow’s interest in
the Estherville (la.) Brick & Tile Works, and arrange¬
ments are being made to enlarge the plant.

The Sioux City (la.) Brick & Tile Works announce that
it will make a $40,000 improvement to its Riverside plant,
increasing the capacity 50,000 brick daily.

P. T. Harbour and Ed Towery have purchased from C.
E. Nelson a one-half interest in his Weston (Oregon)
Brick Works. They will enlarge the plant.

W. A. Burks, of Bentonville, Ark., has been looking
over the brick shales and clays at Vineta, I. T., and only
the small details remain to the closing of a deal for a plant
there.

The Davenport (la.) Brick & Tile Co. re-elected the
officers for another year and will increase the capacity of
their plant at Buffalo by putting a 200 H. P. engine, open
air drying sheds and new tracks throughout the plant.

The Dunning Brick Co., Aulander, N. C., has been in¬
corporated with $30,000 capital stock by J. A. Dunning,
manager; W. S. Dunning, secretary and treasurer, and B.
G. Williams, president. The company has taken over the
Dunning plant, and will trible its capacity.

The Lengsholz & Diedling Tile Co., Malden, N. Y., to
manufacture roofing, tile, etc., has been incorporated with
$9,000 capital stock. Incorporators are Joseph Leng¬
sholz, of Malden, N. Y., R. F. Diedling and Leonard B.
Howard of Saugerties, and Wm. D. Brinnier.

A. Fries & Sons, Connersville, Ind., have closed a con¬
tract with an Ohio concern for the construction of fire
proof building and the installation of a new system of dry¬
ing and handling the brick and tile. The new plant will
average 25,000 brick daily the year round.

The National Brick & Tile Co., Albany, Ga., has been in¬
corporated and will begin building a plant in April. The
incorporators are S. W. Smith, S. J. Jones, W. N. Tichnor,
W. E. Smith, R. M. Thompson, S. E. Bush, W. B. Mc-
Keller, F. L. Nelson and T. M. Nelson, all of Albany, and
J. F. Gibson and J. S. Kennedy, of New York.

The Blackwell (Okla.) Brick & Tile Co. have completed
their organization, and the following are officers : Z. A.
Harris, president; M. J. Gottschalk, vice-president; C. P.
Austin, secretary; W. H. Vickery, treasurer, and C. C.
Frampton, superintendent. The capital stock is $50,000.
Machinery has been, purchased and site selected on the
Santa Fe Ry.

David Ausloos of Lena, Wis., is busy making arrange¬
ments for a brick works at Stiles Junction.

The directors of the Alpena, Mich., Portland Cement Co.,
have decided to rebuild the burned plant much larger than
before. The loss was about $200,000.

E. W. Redman has sold a one-half interest in his brick
and tile business at Ithaca, Mich., to J. O. Thomas and the
firm name will be Redman & Thomas.

Alexander Kerr of Spokane, Wash., is planning to orga¬
nize a company for the manufacture of pressed brick and
fire clay near Northport. The plant will be on the S.
F. & N. Ry.

The Alliance (O.) Clay Products Co., have sold addi¬
tional stock in their company and will build more kilns and
enlarge the plant. The company is a new one and doing a
fine business.

A bill has been introduced in the House of Represen¬
tatives at Lansing, Mich., empowering the city of Detroit
to build a brickmaking plant and engage in the manufac¬
ture of brick.

There is a movement on foot to enlarge the G. W. Ault
Tile plant at Calidonia, Ohio, so as to make brick and tile.
New machinery will be installed and buildings built to
manufacture the whole year through.

The Briton (Mich.) Pressed Brick Co. will enlarge their
plant, John J. Duffy is president, David Allmendinger, vice-
president; Frank Crowell, secretary; and Dan Zimmerman,
treasurer, all of Ann Arbor, where the main office is lo¬
cated.

The Columbia Clay Works of St. Louis, Mo., has in¬
creased its capital stock from $71,000 to $100,000.

The Purington Paving Brick Co., Galesburg, Ills., has
announced a wage increase of 10 per cent to their 500 em-
poyes.

The Ohio Clay Products has sold its Salineville, O.,
works to Miller & Couler of Pittsburg, Pa., who will
operate same.

The Star Brick Co., Central City, Ky., has been incor¬
porated with $4,000 capital stock. The incorporators are
D. A. Woodburn, J. T. Woodburn and S. J. Gish.

The Coast Brick Co., Oakland, Cali., has filed articles
of incorporation with a $50,000 capital stock. Directors
are J. C. Brannock, Dennis Dimond and Otis W. Engs.

The Akron (O.) Vitrified Clay Mfg. Co. has been incor¬
porated with $40,000 capital stock by Alfred Akers, Chas.
B. Akers, W. T. Akers, G. S. Akers and F. M. Harpham.

James Maine & Son, Des Moines, la., have secured a
new factory for that city that will manufacture floor tile
and ornamental Terra Cotta. Fifty men will be employed
and the factory started at once.

The Eureka Coal & Brick Co., Estevan Assiniboia, Can.,
has secured the services of William Baillie as manager of
its brick plant. He was formerly at Laprairie, Quebec, and
is a high grade brick manufacturer.

The Oklahoma Supply & Construction Co., of Lawton,
Okla., which was recently organized to manufacture brick,
crushed stone, burn lime, and do a general construction
business will start work shortly. Samuel Joise of Macon,
Ga., is interested.

Heat Dryer.

'Buffalo” Waste Heat Fan Direct Connected Engine
Bottom Horizontal Discharge.

The first WASTE HEAT DRYER bore the name
“ Buffalo.” Economy is the watchword and in the third of
a century since we began solving drying problems, there has
been steady enginring progreeess.

APPLICABLE TO BRICK, TILE AND TERRA

COTTA PLANTS.

Our thirty years of success is due to a constant study of clays.

Write, stating requirements , and ask for catalog.

BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY, BUFFALO, N. Y., U. S. A.

< ; . • « . i u b,; v . : f Mi • • 7 7

CANADIAN BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. MONTREAL. CANADA.

CLHY RECORD.

The Standard Reduction Co., of Chicago, have begun
the construction of a plant near Mobile, Ala., to develop
a deposit of Fuller’s Earth.

The Sunset Brick & Tile Co., Gonzales, Texas, have a
force of men at work erecting a drying shed 47x120 feet.
Two kilns are also being covered.

The Staples Brick Co., Kingston, N. Y., has been incor¬
porated with $60,000 capital stock. Directors are Mary
R. Staples, S. S. Staples and A. S. Staples, of Kingston.

The Chanute (Kan.) Cement & Clay Products Co., have
started on their plant, also the Chanute Brick & Tile Co.
J. W. Pratt is the engineer in charge of the cement plant.

The Waycross (Ga.) Hydraulic Brick Co., with $50,000
capital stock paid in is applying for a charter. The in¬
corporators are J. S. Bailey, J. G. Blain and W. T. Cam-

pen.

Victor Cushwa & Son have purchased a new and _ en¬
larged brick machine for their plant at Williamsport, Md.,
and are installing same so as to take care of their en¬
larged trade.

Peterson-Kartschoke Brick Co., 3rd and Keyes St., San
Tose, Cal., is trebling the capacity of its plant,' at a cost
of $100,000; a new dryer and a continuous kiln will be
added and a no horse-power engine and boiler will be

added.

The plant of the South Zanesville, (O.) Brick & Sewer
Pipe Co., is rapidly being completed, says J. C. Bolen,
the president and manager. He expects to start work in
about thirty days. Nearly 200 men will be employed in
operating the new fire-proof plant.

IDEAL

Concrete Machines

A NEW WAT
TO SELL
CEMENT

There is sale
for cement
in the form
o f Cement
Building
Blocks a s
well as in
Barrels and
bags.

The Ideal
Concrete Ma¬
chine makes
building
blocks from sand,
gravel and cement,
and will help any
dealer in building ma¬
terial double sales and
increase profits.

Adaptable as to size of block
and countless designs of face
and natural stone effect.

Wonderfully simple. No
chains, springs or gears.

Ideal Concrete Mc’h’y Co.

Dept. W.

South Bend - - Ind.

Ideal Concrete "Blocks are
adapted to any building purpose.
Will undersell and outsell all
other materials.

Catalogue and fortune mak- “Musse°s Limited, Montreal,

ing facts on application. Sole Agents for Canada

M. M. Ross has sold his interest in the Antigo, (Wis.)
Clay Co., to William Stone, his partner, who will con¬
tinue the business.

The Ornamental Tile Co., Chicago, has been incorpor¬
ated with $10,000 capital stock by Forest G. Smith, John
F. Hans and L. V. Rickey.

The Tramway (Wis.) Brick Co., has been incorpor¬
ated with $24,000 capital stock. Incorporators' P. N.
Swenson, W. A. Drowley and H. F. Spink.

The John Kline Brick Co., Wicklifife, Ohio, has been
incorporated with $80,000 capital stock by John Kline,
D. H. Tilden, A. A. McCashin, H. M. Roberts and E. G.
Derr.

The Birmingham (Ala.) Co-operative Hollow Tile Con.
Co., has filed articles of incorporation with $6,000 capital.
Incorporators are, E. R. Reityer, J. R. Pryne and Grif¬
fin Lampin.

M. E. Mitchell, owner of the Lake City, (la.) Brick &
Tile Factory has been inspecting the clay along the Racoon
river and found at Grant City clay of excellent quality.
If satisfactory arrangements can be made in securing the
land they will erect a factory there.

The plant of the Adrian (Mich.) Brick & Tile Machine
Co., has been sold to the Ideal Wire Fence Co., who will
operate same for making wire fences, also will continue in
the brick and tie machinery business. E. B. Lee, of Wes¬
ton, is president, J. V. B. Palmer, vice-president, E. A.
Baker, secretary-treasurer and Geo. H. Cock, manager.
They are capitalized at $100,000.

DIRECT HEAT

— FCIB -

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

62-64 William St. NEW YORK CITY

CLKY RECORD.

Negotiations are on for the Star Encaustic Tile Co., of
Pittsburg, Pa., to move their plant to Jeanette.

The New Jersey Clay Co., Elizabeth, N. J., has been
incorporated with $100,000 capital stock by Louis P. Horn¬
ing, William Miller and Patrick H. McGann.

The Amsterdam (Mo.) Coal Co., has made arrange¬
ments for a company' to locate at its mine and utilize a
six-foot vein of clay which underlays the vein of coal.

Messrs. Jolks & McLeod, of Quitman, Ga., have found
clay on their property which they have had tested and
produced beautiful samples. They will try to organize
a company.

The McCook (Nebr.) Pressed Brick Co. has been or¬
ganized with $15,000 capital stock. Have secured a site
and ordered machinery and expect to be turning out brick
in forty days.

The Fitchburg (Mass.) Brick Co., has been incorpor¬
ated with $30,000. The officers are Frank H. Foss, presi¬
dent; Fred C. Nichols, treasurer, and Robert Mercy, sec¬
retary, all of Fitchburg.

The Provo (Utah) Pressed Brick Co., will go into the
manufacture of tile and have bought machinery and se¬
cured Fred Green, an experienced tile man from Illinois,
to superintend that department.

The Sayre-Ford Mfg. Co. has been incorporated un¬
der Delaware laws, with $100,000 capital stock to manu¬
facture brick and building material. Incorporators are
John W. Ford, Isaac D. Sayre and William P. Abdill.

Isadore Putzinger, of Solvay, is about to erect a brick
manufacturing plant at Kirkville, N. Y.

John Agnew has been appointed manager of the Brom-
ilay Brick Co., Alexandria, Va., vice H. C. Yohe, resigned.

The Graettinger (la.) Tile Works stockholders decided
to enlarge their plant and to put in additional machinery
and power.

C. E. Poston and others will build a $100,000 brick mak¬
ing plant at Attica, Ind. The company will be called the
Attica Paving Brick Co.

. A. T. McAfee, Nokomis, Ill., is pushing the work on
his new tile and brick works so that he can put same in
operation soon as the weather will permit.

The Sumpter Brick Works at Sumpter, S. C., are put¬
ting in a new Thew steam shovel so as to handle their
clay from the pit in a much cheaper and better way.

The Hancock Brick & Tile Co., of Findlay, Ohio, has
purchased a Thew Automatic Shovel from the manufac¬
turer at Lorain, Ohio, so as to keep up with the demand
for their ware.

H. R. .Robertson, on March 1, assumed the management
of the Crookston (Minn.) Brick & Tile Co., vice O. K.
Berget, resigned. S. W. Vance, the owner of the com¬
pany, has decided to retire from active business life.

Gottfried Metzger, formerly superintendent of the
Richards Brick Co., at Edwardsville, Ills., has secured
options on a tract of land northeast of the city and al¬
ready has stock subscribed to the amount of $10,000 for
a new brick making plant.

The Burning Question is Solved

THROUGH THE

CEIMELEM'SKI PATENT KILN

A clever combination of the common updraft and the
modern continuous down draft Kiln.

' * l " 1

The limit of simplicity and effectiveness.

Gives thoroughly well burned, clean colored bricks
without any cracks.

Saves about 60 to 70 per cent fuel and can be burned
with almost any kind.

Daily capacity up to 100,000 bricks. For descriptive
pamphlet write to

Dr. HERMAN RABERGH

Sole Agent in the U. S, A. and Canada

24 Cottage Ave. - Fitchburg, Mass.

CLHY RECORD.

FOR SALE

One 40 h.p. gasoline engine, one semi-automatic
side cut brick cutter. Wallace Mnfg. Co. make. One
disintegrator and dump table made by Horton Mnfg.
Co.; 75 good brick moulds, also trucks and wheel¬
barrows. All in good condition. Address

W. H. VANDER HaYDEN,

Ionia. Mich

ENGINES AND BOILERS

Corlis engines, 20x48, 18x36, 16x42, 12x36. Also 40
other sizes and styles in stock.

Boilers, Tubular, 84x18. 78x16, 72x18. Also 60 other
styles and sizes in stock.

Send specifications of your requirements and we
will make you a proposition that will interest you.

THE RANDLE MACHINERY CO.

1732 Powers St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

FOR SALE CHEAP.

PFEFFER & SON,

Gettysburg, Pa.

BRICK AND TILE MACHINERY AT SACRIFICE

Where a country is tiled, factories are offered
complete, or in part. Cheap Have several Brewer
Mills for sale, and others.

Engines, Boilers, Crushers. Drying Pipes, etc. If
vou wish to buy or sell write

Brick and Tile Machinery

Secor, Ill.

FOR SALE.

An up-to-date brick plant. Capacity 35,000 brick
Cheap fail and labor. Fine shipping facilities and
an abundance of pure loose clay. Eocal demand
takes almost entire output at good price, Will bear
close investigation. Good reason for selling.

Address, WM. M. READ,

Princeton, Ind.

MACHINERY FOR SALE

One No. 2 Giant brick and tile, machine with dies
for tile from 3 to 8 inches and side cut brick die.
One Bunsing automatic tile cutter. One Bunsing
automatic block and end cut brick cutter.

$100 worth of repairs would put them all in first-
class condition. Will sell cheap. Reason for sell¬
ing, am using larger capacity. 1801J4 Second Ave.

Rock Island, Illinois

BRICK YARD FOR SALE.

Brick Yard for sale cheap. A bargain to the right
party. Good market at hand. For further informa¬
tion address

BRICKMAKER,

Care Clay Record, Chicago, III.

FOR SALE AT A BARGAIN.

One Sampson Steel Company’s Sand-lime Brick
Press in good condition, used but a short time

Address W. P. BRUBAKER,

Jacksonville, Fla

FOR SALE

One Chambers pugmill, practically new, sufficiently
large for any output. A first class machine in every
respect. Address

ALONZO CURTIS BRICK CO..

Gram’s Park, Ills.

MACHINERY FOR SALE

The following machinery not used by us but all
in good condition, will be sold at very reasonable
prices.

One Penfield Single Mould Power Re-Press, capa¬
city 10,000 a day.

Two Fate Company Bensing Automatic Side cut¬
ting tables. ‘ American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave., New York.

FOR SALE

20,000 Wooden Fillets, 32 inches by 10 inches, y6
inch lumber, legs 3 inches high, inches thick.
A bargain if taken at once. Address

JASPER ADAMS
Battle Creek, Mich.

FOR SALE

One Second-hand Four Mould Dry Press, in good
order. One of the best presses on the market.
Answer quick if you want it.

Address G. care Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Two complete sets brick making machinery; in
eluding Chambers brick machines, elevators, clay
rolls, granulators, hoists etc.

ILLINOIS BRICK CO.,

Chicago, Ill.

SITUATION, INVESTMENT OR LEASE.

Address Ohio, care CEAY RECORD, Chicago.

MANAGER WANTED

An experienced brick maker as superintendent
and manager of a new brick plant, located on the
Hudson River. River and rail shipments to New
York. We are equipped with three machines,
plenty of power, entire new equipment. Clay and
sand within 600 feet of the machines, conveyed over
trussel on cars to machines. Earge sand bank from
which abundence of sand can be shipped. Will re¬
quire an investment from party wishing this posi¬
tion. Will give to right person absolute charge of
plant. Address

C. R. SHEFFER, Pres.

Mechanicsville, N. Y.

FOR SALE.

Right and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE— CHEAP— New and re-laying rails, 12>
16, 20 and 25 pound. For prices, address

ATLAS CAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FIRE CLAY FOR SALE

On one hundred and sixty acres, N. Y. C. w. R.,
at Salt Lick Siding, near Karthaus, Pa. Expert
after careful examination reports 350,000 to 400,000
tons.

We have our own railroad on our property and
are mining the coal. We desire to sell clay either
at lump sum, in royalty, or delivered on cars

The clay has been thoroughly tested and the
depositt are opened on the property in such
places for examinations.

Chas. H. Thompson.

18th and Indiana Avenue,
Philadelphia, Pa.

FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE

45 ton, 1 % yard Vulcan Steam Shovel in first class
condition. Price $3500.

One No. 2 Giant Brick Machine, made by the
American Clay Machinery Co.

One large sized Granulator.

One set ot Large Sized Rolls.

Fifty double deck Brick Cars.

Large quantity of rails and steam pipe.

STEGEK BRICK CO.

Suite 306. , 145 La Salle St., Chicago, Ill.

POSITION WANTED

Young man wants position as manager or superin¬
tendent stiff mud brick yard. Small face brick
yard preferred. Best references. Address

Pittsburg, care Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

We offer for sale at a sacrifice the fol¬
lowing BOYD Presses:

One 3 flold Standard 1891 Pattern
Two 4 nold Standard 1897 Pattern

All in good condition. Inspection in¬
vited. Immediate shipment.

Harrison- Walker Refactories Co.,
Farmers Bank Building,

Pittsburgh, Pa.

Paper Joggers quoted.

R. A. HART. 41 White St.„

No belter made, cut troir
$3 and SlO.io

4 Wheel, $3 00

5 Wheel. SF3.25
Guaranteed.

Sold by all dealers.

BATTLE CREEK, MICH-

FOR SALE OR TRADE.

Two Brick and Tile Plants in Iowa and Illinois,
now running. Address,

THE KIEN DOCTOR,

514 Fourth Street, Dayton, Ohio.

BRICK PLANT TO LEASE

Will lease my brick plant at Sutton to good party
for one-third profit or one-fifth of the out-put.
Plenty of good clay. Good market.

S. HUNZIKER,

Sutton, Neb,

A FORTUNE FOR A BRICKMAKER

Brick Manufacturing Plant to Lease

From the estate of the lormer owner who died
recently, I have acquired a complete brick-yard
plant equipped with sheds, grinding pits, kilns, etc.,
and including nearly 30 acres of practically unlimited
deposits of pressed-brick clay. 1% miles from center
of city. Labor cheap and plentiful. ALONGSIDE
READING RAILROAD. 30 miles to Philadelphia,
60 miles to New York. Capacity of yard run by
horse-power 3 millions. By equipping plant with
some machinery could produce 10 to 12 millions.
Common brick sold in I'renton last year for from
$8.50 to $12.50; pressed brick, $16.00 to $20.00. Market
unlimited.

If you can command capital to run the business,
this is the chance of a lifetime. Will lease on rent-
and-royalty basis. Triflers need not apply Telephone,
telegraph or write me at once, giving references or
reasonable evidence of your ability to command capi¬
tal, and state probable quantity of bricks you would
expect to make. ALBER I' BRANDT,

Trenton, New Jersey.

POSITION WANTED

Position by experienced and practical brickmaker
as superintendent of a stiff-mud or dry-press brick
plant. Experienced in burning brick and care of
kilns and machinery. Address,

W. S. Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Illinois.

PARTNER WANTED

A good, reliable man of experience, with some
capital to invest in and take charge of a new Dry
Press Brick Plant. Plenty of shale, and good mar¬
ket for all the brick. Address

DENIS, care Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

YARD TO LEASE

C. M. 345 Ohio St., Chicago.

CONCRETE BLOCKS

ARE DURABLE, HANDSOME
AND INEXPENSIVE

Big Money Made by Manu¬
facturing Them

NO IDLE
DAYS

PETTYJOHN PORTABLE
BLOcK MACHINE
Is the Best, Fastest & Simplest
GUARANTEED

Sent on Trial Catalan Free

PETTYJOHN CO.

622 N. Sixth Si.

TERRE HAUTE. . . IND.

Latest Improved Wonder of the Age

I now propose to give
all a chance
to try

The Swift System

by remodeling one
kiln or building one
new one for $100.00.
Write for particulars to

E. F. SWIFT

514 West Fourth St.
Dayton, Ohio.

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902

S A. OI N A. W , MIOH.

Improved Komnick Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

uur plants are installed under the supervision of Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand- Lime Brick should be
and can be made. We have Practical Plants Running
Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

CLAY WORKtR^SHAND-BOOK

A Manual for all Engaged in the
Hanufacture of Articles from Clay

JUST OUT : : PRICE $2.00

NOW READY— A TREATISE ON

PRODUCER-GAS and
GAS-PRODUCERS

BY AN ACKNOWLEDGED AUTHORITY.

A 300-page book containing thirty chapters, giving the fundamental
principles and definitions, calculations, classifications, manufacture and
use; the fuel, the requirements, the history, its by-products, Producer-
Gas for flri ng kilns, steam boilers, and power plants. The
future of the Gas-producer and a bibliography.

OVER lOO CHOICE ILLUSTRATIONS— PRICE, $4.00.

A subscription to the CLAY RECORD fpr one year without additional
charge to those that are not now subscribers.

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO, ILL.

Main Yard and Office Branch Yard Banister River,

South Boston, Va. Branch N. 4 W. Ry.

BOSTON BRICK COMPANY
Manufacturers of Plain and Fancy
Bric%, Cement Brick and Blocks
H. W. Cosby, Superintendent and General Manager.

South Boston, Va., January 19, 1907.
Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co.,

Marion, Ind. ,

Gentlemen: —

As regards the Rust Clay Feeder we bought of you last year, will say
it has been in use in our branch yard at Houston, Va , since last July and
is giving PEREECT SATISFACTION. It practically saves us two men
besides doing the work BETTER and with REGULARITY.

Yours truly.

Signed by H. W. Cosby, Supt. and Gen. Mgr. BOSTON BRICK CO.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Go,

Marion, Ind.

FOR SALE

A Fine Opportunity

On or prior to January ist., 1908, we shall discontinue the manufacture of
Brick Machines and brick yard supplies. We offer for sale at any fair bid our
business, good will, patterns, supplies and stock on hand. Our old reliable
Machines are sold throughout the entire United States without expense to us
and any one who engages in manufacturing can increase their sale largely by
slight effort. These Machines have been made in this factory for thirty years.

The Tiffin Wagon Company, - - Tiffin, Ohio

CLHY RECORD.

TO SOFT MUD BRICK MAKERS

We have in the AMERICAN PRESSED STEEL PALLET the best pallet ever made. It has features
possessed by no other pallet, and is the strongest and longest-lived.

Let us send you a circular explaining why our pallet is what we claim for it. We’ll send a sample pallet
too, if you want it.

Steel pallets need no repairs. That would save a good many dollars in a year. Write us to-day and give
us a chance to prove what we say.

THE AMERICAN PULLEY CO., 29th and Bristol Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

MAKERS OF “AMERICAN” WROUGHT STEEL PULLEYS.

WHY

MAKE

YOUR OWN

BRICK CUTTING WIRES

When You Can Buy Ready Hade Cheaper?

BEND FOB. SAMPLES AND PBICES.

GEORGE S. COX, East Liverpool, Ohio.

MANGANESE

FOR. ALL USES.

LumrCrain^0 Ground

60-70^ 70-8056 80-80^6 OXIDE.

Clay Workers Goods a Specialty

SAMPLES and PRICES on INQUIRY.

KENDALL & FLICK

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventative for scum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

SOS

Pearl Street

NEW YORK *•&£?*

For Mortar, Brick, Cement, Blocks, Etc.

Highest
Award
St. Louis
Exposition
1904

The I Ricketson MineralColors

QUESTION SETTLED

RED

BROWN

BUFF

PURPLE

BLACK

FOR QUALITY AND STRENGTH WE LEAD

RICKETSON MINERAL PAINT WORKS, Milwaukee, Wis.

EXPERT SERVICE

WE HAVE

CHIEF BURNERS

For Sewer Pipe, Tile, Building
Paving and Front Brick. Will
instruct your men how to obtain
the best results. Get your burn¬
ing to a system. Address

ANTON VOGT

Pomona, N. C.

G. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

A--A ^fc ]^k.

Something New In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Dennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of advantage that,
appeal to practical briok •
makers. Patented April 14,
1903 and September 8, 1908 ,
Brick plants installed am l
putin operation. Write fo •
booklet. Correspondenc >
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,
145,Water St.. Norfolk, Va.

A btolulely safe and reliable. Ask your friends

A WOODEN TOWER

Is a source of annoyance and danger. It is
liable to rot and collapse at any time. A

CALDWELL STEEL TOWER

is safe, staunch and durable and will carry
four times the weight of the filled tank.
Expensive labor is not necessary to erect
these outfits, your own men can do it. We
furnigh all plans.

Send for illustrated catalogue and price list.

| W. E. CALDWELL CO., • Louisville, Ky. |

A.A-A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.AA.AA.A.AA.A. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A a

▼TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT ▼TTTVTTTTT^VVTTtT ¥▼▼▼▼▼▼

"THE CHILD'S"
EXTINGUISHER

Salesmen Wanted.

O. J. CHILDS COMPANY
Sole Manufacturers, UTICA, N. Y.

PERFECTION BRICK

MOULDS i

These are the
kind of Brick
Moulds the Brick
Makers have al¬
ways wanted but
could not get till
now. You can
get a mould that
the vents are
right all the time
No change
whether the
Mould is vet or
dry. Try a sam¬
ple order. Satis¬
faction guaran¬
teed.

PATENTED JAN. 28, 1902.

THE ARHOLO-GREAGER CO.

I Manufacturers of Brick Machinery NEW LONDON) OHIO.

g and Supplies of all Kinds. ’

BaaMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM'IMMMnnMMMMB^WMMMMMMPMMM

TWO PAPERS FOR THE PRICE OF ONE

BOTH PATERS FOR $1,00

THE SOUTHERN ARCHITECT

Their Occurence, Properties and Uses

With special reference to those of the
United States, by Heinrich Ries Ph. D.

8 Vol. 490 pages, 65 figures, 44 plates

PRICE $5.00 NET

Clay Record Publishing Co.,

Chicago, Illinois.

■

Brick Moulds and
Brick Barrows

With Moulds and Barrows it is not the first
cost, but it is, will they last? We have made
them for over 30 years and know your wants.

All kinds and shapes. A trial order will oon-
5 vinoe. ,

S James B. Crowell & Son,

Wallkill, N. Y.

H. DEAVITT,

PRACTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMIST,
Garden City Block,

CHICAGO.

Analyses of Clay, Sand, Lime, Cement Materials and
Shales a specialty.

Special attention given to the preparation of Clay Pro¬
ducts from the raw material.

A well equipped laboratory and long experience in this
branch of work enables us to give expert reports on obtaining
glazes on refractory materials.

All enquiries in regard to the above will reoeive prompt
a attention.

pf£l” GaS and

1>ICW era Gasoline Engines

and GAS PRODUCERS

If you want a perfect built, and successful running Gas
Engine, order the New Era, which has our Patented Water
Jacketed Solid Cylinder Head, requiring no Packing. We
use a Strap Style Connecting Rod, which never breaks, Aux=
iliary and Regular Exhaust, Make and Break Electric Igniter.
We have more good points in the construction of the New Era
than any other Gas Engine built. Sizes from 1J4 to 150 Horse
Power

For Catalogue and further information, write to

THE NEW ERA GAS ENGINE CO ■ 95^1dalE AVe!

JEFFREY MACHINERY

FOR MILLS, FACTORIES, MINES,
INDUSTRIAL AND POWER PLANTS

SEND FOR CATALOGUES. ADDRESS

JEFFREY MFCL GO.

COLUMBUS, OHIO, U. 5. A.

New York — Chicago — Boston— St. Louis — Denver

' -a

Grinding Pans— Dry and Wet

Tell us the kind of material and capacity you
have and we will quote you accordingly.

We make CRUSHERS also.

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN - -

Pittsburg, Pa.

BORTON & TIERNEY CO., Philadelphia, Pa.

EASTERN SALES AGENTS

WW WVV

►

HICKS CLAY CO.

MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF

Best grade clays which can be manufactured into
anything known to the clay trade.

We have an inexhaustible supply covering 230
acres and 70 feet deep. Unexcelled facilities for prompt
shipments and can load any amount at any time.

All clays 75 cents per ton, f. o. b. for this year only.

We also offer special inducements for parties desiring
to locate and will entertain any legitimate proposition
even to furnishing one-half of the capital for any sized
plant.

We are located advantageously at junction point of
the Chicago & Alton R. R. and also on the C. B. & Q.,
70 miles north of St. Louis, Mo.

Samples and analysis of all clays sent free upon
request. Correspondence solicited.

H. C. WORCESTER, Secy. CHAS. T. HICKS, Pres.

R00DH0USE, ILL. DRAKE, ILL.

CLHV RECORD.

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

rice Right,

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

Write Us

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

A well-tried and
proven Success.

STYLE No.' 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,
Rigid. (Patented.)

ALL STYLES

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

LTIL

CLKY

HARDENING CYLINDERS

FOR SAND LIME-BRICK IN STOCK
FOR IMMEDIATE DELIVERY

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO., troy, n, y.

Subscribe for the Clay Record

IT IS THE ONLY CLAY JOURNAL PUBLISHED IN AMERICA

Twice Per Month

Only One Dollar

THE TURNER VAUGHN & TAYLOR CO.

1856 - CUYAHOGA FALLS, OHIO, U. S. A. — —1907

COMBINATION MILLS

Twice the capacity of a wet pan and at
less horse power.

SAVE THE UNNECESSARY HANDLING

NO DRY PAN GRINDING. NO DUST
ELEVATOR. NO EXPENSIVE STOR¬
AGE BINS. NO DUST SHUTES.

Take the short, high grade road

FROM INVESTMENT TO SUCCESS.

Purchase “Vaughn’s” modern machinery
ill ant* iQsure against loss or delay.

PATENTED

NINE FOOT COMBINATION MILL

SEWER PIPE AND TILE PRESSES, NOZ¬
ZLE, SLEEVE AND RUNNER BRICK
MACHINES. DRY AND WET PANS,
PIPE, TILE, CONDUIT AND OTHER DIES.

THE PARENT OF RAPID GRINDING AND TEMPERING. REVOLVING
PAN AND RECIPROCATING WHEELS

ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON COMPLETE
EQUIPMENT.

Sand Lime Brick Machinery

FURNISHED BY

THE SEMISTEEL COMPANY

CLEVELAND ... OHIO

Write for Further Information

IT PAYS HANDSOMELY

SAND-LIME BRICK MACHINERY

Furnished and Installed by the

International Sand=Lime Brick Machinery Co.

(Incorporated under the laws of the State of New York)

Under the Safest and Strongest Guarantees.

Inventors and Owners of the “ Division Method” (patented in
the United States and all Foreign Countries)

Write for information to the

International Sand-Lime Brick & Machinery Co.

156 Liberty Street
NEW YORK

HANDLE YOUR CLAY
WITH ONE MAN AND

The Thew Steam Shovels

Type No. 2 Shovel — Pioneer Fireproofing Co., Ottawa, Ill.

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Especially adapted for brickyard require¬
ments. The shovel operates in a complete
circle, enabling material to be delivered at side
or in rear at will. The Dipper is hung from a
horizontally moving carriage and can be adjust¬
ed to cut to any desired level.

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

“lie sure you are right , then go ahead.,*'

Q. E. Luce Engineering Co.

(G E. LUCE, Practical Mechanical Engineer)

Sixth Floor, Plymouth Bldg., 303 Dearborn St.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Designer and Constructor for all

Kinds of Clay=Working Plants

B uilding, paving and pressed brick, tile, hollow block and fire-proofing plants
plan and specifications prepared.

Designed and reconstructed several of the largest plants in this country.

Years of experience in this particular field, and formerly engineer in charge
of construction for the Illinois Brick Co. of Chicago.

Machinery, drying and burning troubles corrected.

Examination of properties, clays tested, and advise as to the possibilities of
success of either old or new plants.

CLKY RECORD.

No. 64 Nine Foot Pan

New Design NotHing LiKe It

Note the Strength, Note the Convenience, Note the Capacity

IF YOU WANT QUALITY— A FULL VALUE FOR THE MONEY—

YOU HAVE IT HERE

Write for Complete Description, W e build every Machine and Appliance needed in Clay
Working Plants. Every Machine we build is a Standard of Quality, Distinctive
in Design, Quality and Operation. Let us figure with You.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY COMPANY - - -

tF" ' *4-« ■ . ■ • - — — .

BUCYRUS, OHIO
U. S. A.

DRY PRESS BRICK

MACHINERY

All joints carefully fitted. All gearing heavy
and strong. Side frames massive. Adjustable
mold feed and pressure. Long dwelling pres¬
sure. Smooth, dense, perfect brick.

We build Stiff, Soft Mud and Sand-Lime
Brick Machinery, all kinds of Dryers and their
equipment. We build all our own Dryers
and can guarantee them.

THE

American Clay Machinery Co.

BUCYRUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

STIFF MUD BRICK MACHINERY

We build other machines, larger and smaller capacity, same
quality. We build everything needed to make clay products.
Also Dryers that we can guarantee. Write for catalog.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

Yoar Choice of Movements

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

No. 62 HAND-POWER ROTARY BRICK CUTTER

Your Choice of Cutters ©

We also
build a full
line of machinery
and appliances for
making clay products
by all processes. Write
concerning your needs.

The American
Clay Machinery
Company

WILLOUGHBY, OHIO, XT. S. -A..

j LOCATIONS |
| FOR POTTERIES, BRICK AND j
1 TILE PLANTS \

The very finest deposits of Kaolin, Fire and other Clays in
great abundance along the _ _

LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE RAILROAD

In the States of KENTUCKY. TENNESSEE, ALA¬
BAMA, GEORGIA, MISSISSIPPI, and FLORIDA.
Cheap Fuel. Good Markets. Unexcelled Transporta¬
tion Facilities. For further particulars, address

G. A. PARK,

General Immigration and Industrial Agent

LOUISVILLE, - KY.

aAAAA.AA.AAAAA.AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAA*.

▼ ▼▼T ? T T f ▼ T ▼ ▼ ▼▼▼▼ •WVVVWTVWT ▼▼▼▼ TTtt

Inmrsity of llllfnofs

Colleges and Schools of Literature and
Arts, Science, Engineering, Agriculture,
Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy,
Library Science and Education.

DEPARTMENT OF CLAY WORKING AND CERAMICS

ESTABLISHED IN 1905:

Offers opportunities to students wishing technical
instruction which will help them to overcome the dif¬
ficulties confronting the manufacturer of clay products.

The work required from each student of clay
working in the departments of Chemistry, Physics,
Geology; Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Municipal and
Sanitary Engineering; and Art, with their well organ¬
ized courses and thoroughly equipped laboratories
makes the conditions for effective training in ceramics
almost ideal.

Free scholarships are open to regular students from
Illinois. Laboratory expenses reasonable.

For further information address the Registrar,
W. L. Pillsbury, or the Director,

Professor C. W. ROLFE,

Urbana, Illinois.

mm.

CAN DO FOR YOU

The "SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”

offers you the opportunity of
entering into the manufacture
of the coming building ma¬
terial

SAND LIME

BRICK

This brick is strong and
durable. It can be manufac¬
tured in less time and at a
lower cost than any other
brick on the market.

OUR SCIENTIFIC
SYSTEM nn

, mmmm ■ ’irtF

will enable you to manufac¬
ture SAND LIME BRICK of the

very highest quality in less
than 24 HOURS.

The "SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”,’

is the only system which

ABSOLUTELY INSURES uniform
quality of product. Our Pre¬
paring machine "RELIANCE”
is practically AUTOMATIC in
its operation, mixing and
preparing the raw materials
with the utmost precision,
yet requiring the services of
but ONE COMMON LABORER to
operate it.

We are ENGINEERS and
CONTRACTORS to the SAND
LIME BRICK INDUSTRY land
will erect and equip your
plant with the machinery of
the SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM” and
start you on the road to suc¬
cess.

Writ* us for particulars and we can
undoubtedly refer you to a plant
equipped by us and situated
in your vicinity

SEND FOR CATALOG No: 18

system mwm m

mi Ymi

••••••

CUHV RECORD.

SATISFACTION

Is the only code word we can use for our WASTE HEAT DRYER.

GET CATALOGUE No. 56 S

NEW YORK BLOWER CO. 25th PI. and Stewart Ave. Chicago

BOOKS YOU NEED IN YOUR BUSINESS

The Repair and ilaintenance of Machinery

By Thomas W. Barber, C. E. A hand book of practical
notes and memoranda for engineers and machinery users,

156 pages— 417 illustrations— 8 vo., cloth . . $3.50

How to Run Engines and Boilers

By Egbert Pomeroy Watson. A practical instruction for
young engineers and steam users. 125 pages — illustrated —

16 mo., cloth . $1.00

A Handbook of Engineering Laboratory Practice

By Richard Addison Smart, M. E. This book is a manual
• for the use of students in experimental work, strength of
materials and hydraulics. It is also to guide engineers in
active service. 290 pages — 12 mo., cloth . $2.60

Calcareous Cements

By G. R. Redgrave, C E. Their nature properties, and use.

The composition and process of making Portland and other

cements, analysis and cost . . $3.50

American Cements

Bo Uriah Cummings. A treatise on the nature and prop¬
erties of natural and artificial hydraulic cements. 299
pages— Illustrated— 16 mo., cloth . $3.00

Notes on Concrete and Works in Concrete

By B. D. Butler, Asso. M. Inst. C. E. A complete treatise
on the manufacture, testing and use of Portland cement.
Contains 360 pages, 85 illustrations, 8 vo., cloth bound, price $6.00

Architects’ and Engineers’ Hand Book of Reinforced
Concrete Construction

This book describes and explains thoroughly the various
forms of modern concrete construction. 172 Illustrations,

218 pages. Price . . . $2.00

The Blasting of Rock

In mines, quarries or tunnels. A. W. & Z. W. Daw. A com¬
plete book giving weight of blast, how, when and where to
make it. 270 pages— 8 vo., cloth ... . $6.00

Steam Boilers

By James Peattie. Their management and workings on
land and sea— very complete. 230 pages— 12 mo., cloth . $2.00

The Pottery aud Porcelain of the United Mates

Ay Edward Lee Barber, A. M., Ph. D. 230 illustrations
Octavo., gilt top . . . . . $3.50

The Story of the Potter

By Charles F. Binns. A popular account of the pottery and
porcelain industry. 250 pages— Illustrated— 16 mo . 7 5

Architectural Pottery

Translated from the French. Bricbs, tiles, pipes, enamelled
terra cotta, stoneware, mosaics, faiences, and architectural

stoneware. In two parts. 8 vo., 496 illustrations. Price . $7.50

Notes on Pottery Clay

The distribution, properties, uses and analysis of ball clays,
china clays, and china stone. Crown— 8 vo., 132 pages, price. $1.50

Chemistry of Pottery

By Simeon Shaw. The chemistry of the Several natural
and artificial heterogeneous compounds used in the manu¬
facturing of porcelain, glass and pottery. 750 pages, price .$5.00

Engineering, Practice and Theory

By W. H. Wakeman. 184 pages— 5x7^$ inches. Price . $1.00

Silico-Calcareous Sandstones (Sand Lime Brick)

By Ernst Stoffler. Treats on the formation of artificial brick
made from a mixture of lime and sand under the influence
of moisture. Raw materials, methods, manufacture.

Shows outline drawing of factories, elevations to detail.

Ground plans and Sectional Elevations, .price . $1.00

Brick, Tiles and Terra Cotta

261 engravings— 8 vo., cloth . $10.00

Transactions of the American Ceramic Society

Containing the papers and discussions of the society. The
most complete information published. 6 vols. Price, each. $4.00
Manual of Ceramic Calculations

This book was compiled with great care and most com¬
plete. Price . $1.00

Will be sent postpaid on receipt of pricec

ORDERSSTO CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY, *303 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO, U. S. A.

CLAY RECORD.

A Letter Which Will Interest Brick Makers

Illinois Brick Company

GEO. C. PRUSSING, PRESIDENT

A. J WECKLER, VlCE-PRESlOENT
C D. B. HOWELL, TREASURER

NINTH FLOOR. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
PHONE MAIN 17

WM. SCHLAKE, Purchaser
C. B. VER NOOV, Auditor

W. M. LEGNARD, SUPERINTENDENT
J H GRAY, Sales Department

Chicago. Jan. 4, 1907.

The Barron Dryer Co.,

84 La Salle St., Chicago.

Gentlemen :

It may be of interest to you to know that we havs made on our
Yard 17, in 1906, 52,551,400 brick, in 2,083 1-2 working hours, and
have dried them satisfactorily on your 18 track dryer.

Very truly yours,

ILLINOIS BRICK COMPANY.

President .

Barron Tender Clay Dryer, Which DOES THE WORK

We construct and install Dryers adapted to drying all clay
products With greatest perfection and economy in fuel and labor

BARRON DRYER CO., 84 La Salle St., CHICAGO, ILL.

CLKY RECORD,

The “MARTIN” famous
Style “B” Steam Power
Brick Machine

Cutting Table

MARTIN -LANCASTER

PENNSYLVANIA

Up=lo=Dale Brick Yard Builders

Auger Brick Machine

Horse Power Machine

m WORLD
OVER

IT HAS BEEN PROVEN BEST
BY ACTUAL TESTS

CLAY

WORKERS

HAVE THOROUGHLY TESTED
THE “ MARTIN ” MACHINERY

Barrows and
Trucks

STYLE “P

»,

built of all Iron
and Steel

Built for Hard
Work

Write Us
We

Have What
You
Need

When it comes to

Laying Your Plans for the
betterment
of your
Brick
Plant

CTYI F “A” Brick Machine Have
OllLL £\ you seen it Work?

5 fdM<JO xjtdt) WQH>tiD) {ticJCKi |

THE MARTIN RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK

“DRYER SYSTEM

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699509
October 10, 1905. No. 95620
November 14, 1905, No. 804489

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFC. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

^OKQaOKJKH Q3h<i!>0 fdOMMr1 4

MONABCH STOCK BRICK MACHINE
Capacity,, from 80,000 5GUXJ0

THE QUAKER

Hone or Steam Power. Capacity, 20,00 to 3&M0

BRICK OR TILE MACHINE WITH AUTOMATIC TABLE

"we

Full

our

Guarantees.”

THE PREMIER BRICK MACHINE

and BENS IN G Automatic Sid* Cut BRICK CUTTER

We have a full line of Clay-Working Machinery, sand mold brick machines, auger brick and tile machines.
Automatic side and end cut tables, dies, molds, barrows, trucks, sanders, represses, pug mills. Tbe only down cut,
reel side brick cutter on the market far cutting face brick that do not require repressing. We can guarantee to make
you a better face brick with this cutter than you can get from any other cutter on the market.

B. E. LaDOW, - - Fredonia. Kansas.

CLKY RECORD.

Ilere’s Wbat One of the Largest Cement Companies in the United States

Says About our “Pittsburg” Drg Pans

“Answering yours of the 19th instant; We are pleased to state that the dry pan
which we purchased of you about a year ago has given entire satisfaction. We
consider it one of the best, if not the best, dry pan manufactured and shall, indeed,
be pleased to recommend It to prospective purchasers of such machinery.

Yours truly,

WESTERN STATES PORTLAND CEMENT CO.”

And they Backed up their statement by ordering recently THREE MORE Vans from us

UNITED IRON WORKS COMPANY

General Offices: SPRINGFIELD, MO.

SPRINGFIELD, MO.; AURORA, MO.; IOLA, KAS.; PITTSBURG, KAS.

CHERRY VALE, KAS.; KANSAS CITY, MO.

CI-7SY RECORD.

*k4 OVER THE WORLD

THESE FAMILIAR SIGNS
MARK SINGER SHOPS

ALL OVER THE WORLD

THE ONLY SHOP WHERE

Singer & Wheeler & Wilson

SEWING HACHINES ARE
SOLD RENTED OR EXCHANGED

SEE SINGER STORE

IN YOUR OWN CITY

T|TI 1 INI]

Ti n rrn i m i n

r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1

I 1 1 1 I 1 I IT

1 1 1 ll

1 1 Z\ 1 1 1 3l

1 1 41 1 1 1 51 1

1 1 61 H

OOOI>

RUlvB

THE BEST

HANDSOME PROFITS

OTHERS

Tfe C. W. RAYMOND CO.

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

Everything for the Brickmaker

Catalogue for the ^Asking

SAND-LIME BRICK

MACHINERY

'BOYD QUAU&Y

MODERN METHODS A A & NO EXPERIMENTING

Sand-Lime Brick Plants designed and
complete machinery equipment furnished,
installed and set in operation. Machinery
and product guaranteed.

Correspondence solicited.

CHISHOLM, BOYD & WHITE COMPANY

OFFICE AND WORKS, 5710 UNO WALLACE STREETS

CHICAGO i : ; : ; ILLINOIS

CLAV RECORD.

Its Record: More Boyd Presses in actual operation than of all other Press Brick Machines
combined. Write for Catalogue.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.,

OFFICE AND WORKS: 5 7th and WALLACE STREETS

Chicago, Illinois

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR -MOLD 44 SPECIAL”

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR -MOLD “ACME”

IT’S NAME A GUARANTEE. The Four-Mold Pkess above illustrated is our latest improved
machine of this design. Over ONE HUNDRED now in use. Especially adapted for working shales.

A BUSINESS PROPOSITION

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.

OFFICE AND WORKS: 6 7th and WALLACE STREETS

Chicago, Illinois

CLKY record,

■— M—UIIM— M—

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

TWO -MOLD “ACME”

Brick Presses are too costly for any one to experiment with. SEVENTEEN YEARS of practical
experience back of each Boyd Press.

CONSIDER THIS: Your Brick Plant may be properly constructed, well located, with an
abundance of good clay or shale, and a good market at your door ; but unless your Brick Press is always
ready for a day’s work you will not get proper returns from your investment.

Chisholm, Boyd &

OFFICE AND WORKS: 5 7th and WALLACE STREETS

Co.

Chicago, Illinois

New White Press

Especially designed for making Sand-Lime
Brick. Strongest, Most Powerful, Most Durable,
and Most Convenient. Molds removable; can
be changed in seven minutes.

Send for Special Press Catalogue.

SAND-LIME

BRICK

Complete Plants installed, started and operated
until the first 100,000 brick are made. No risks,
delays or expensive experimenting.

Strongest possible guarantees. This is the Only Safe
Method for parties going into any new industry.

Our Latest
Illustrated Booklet
gives all details.
Mailed Free.

AMERICAN SAND-LIME BRICK CO.

1308 GREAT NORTHERN BLDG., CHICAGO

CLHY RECORD.

First - Class W orkman-
ship. Cut Gearing. Fully
Warranted.

rhe BERG makes the
>est sand-lime brick and
sheapest because it is the
itrongest machine and
jives the highest pres¬
sure. Thirty-five sand-
ime plants in United
States use the BERG
Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY

The BERG for the highest grade
of pressed brick of shale or
clay. It makes all kinds of
shapes and sizes of brick.
Changes from one shape to
another can be made in
less than an hour’s time.

Three distinct
pressures make
the brick evenly
pressed all
through. No
granulated cen¬
ters of the brick.

; v • '■ ■ ' , - V 7".-

v< ¥ - '■■■ S fii.'; 2;% H

The 1905 Berg Press

The BERG is
the best for sand
and cement be-
cause of its
strong pressure.
Uses less ce¬
ment, makes cheaper brick.

BERG MAKES the highest
grade of fire brick. Can
make all kinds of shapes
desired for fire-brick
purposes.

BERG BRICK PRESS

The highest development of the
Art of Brickmaking Machinery
so pronounced by the United
States Government.

For prices and full particulars, address

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO, ONT., CANADA

CL-MY RECORD.

For Making all Kinds of Brick-

Dry Pressed, Wire Cut,
Sand Moulded

Full
Fine of
BricRyard
Specialties
and

Supplies

Chicago Brick Machinery Co.

1308 Great Northern Bldg.l"

New White Press New Model Berg Press

In addition to our we// known BERG PRESS, we are now
bringing out our new WHITE PRESS for day-brick work . It is
especially recommended for difficult and refractory day. By far
the most powerful press built. Removable molds, changed in SEVEN
minutes . Special catalogue and full particulars on application.

Something New for 1907

Rocking and Dumping Grates
tor Kilns. Save coal, save labor,
and do away with checked brick.
Send for Lecture on Combus¬
tion,” bylHis Satanic Majesty.

U. S. SELF CLEANING GRATE

In position ready for use. Part of frame cut away to show connection below.

Patented,

UP To

DATE ,

c*Achinb^

Auger Machine

Combination Machine

UP-TO-DATE MACHINERY

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross=Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

rhe strongest and most efficient Brick

Machine made, and the only Press that
;ives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER

TRIPLE PRESSURE 8RI0K 1

1ACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, - ~ - r .

ST. LOUIS, MO.

This is the Press That Scott Builds

Twenty' machines in the St. Louis
District alone. Come to our city and we
will show them to you.

We build all the machinery' that
goes to make up

“The Scott
Noiseless
Plant.”

THE ANDRUS FOUR
MOLD PRESS

SCOTT MANUFACTURING CO.

602 Commonwealth Trust Building :: St. Louis, Mo.

A QOOD MIXER IS ALWAYS APPRECIATED.

THE PERNHOLTZ CLAY PULVERIZER.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

Cable Address “Fernbrick.” Western Union Code.

Boyie Avenue and Old Manchester Road, ST. LOUIS, MO., U. J,A.

CLHY RECORD.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

Manufacturers of

The Celebrated Fernholtz Dry Press

Four mold Press 20,000 dairy capacity. Six mold Press 80,000 daily capacity

?: •

THE FERNHOLTZ PATENT MOLD BOX.

GRATH PATENT HAND POWER PRESS.

Especially Adapted for ornamental designs. Any size brick up to
inches long, 10 inches wide and 4^ inches thick.

Brick set into kiln direct from press.

GRATH PATENT HAND POWER PRESS.

DRY

BRICK MACHINES

RELIANCE DRY PRESS
THE MACHINE OF
THE FUTURE

OLD STYLE TOGGLE MOVEMENTS SUPERCEDED BY NEW
- AND BETTER PRINCIPLES -

THE ONLY MACHINE not using the Toggle Movement.

THE ONLY MACHINE applying Pressure from the Bottom.

THE ONLY MACHINE making a Uniformly Pressed Brick.

THE ONLY MACHINE MAKING BRICK WITHOUT GRANULATED CENTERS.

SIMPLE

STRONG

EFFICIENT

WRITE TO-DAY FOR PARTICULARS.

SEND US A SAMPLE OF YOUR CLAY.

ADDRESS

THE RELIANCE MACHINE AND TOOL WORKS

ST. LOUIS, MO.

mmwmmmmmmnmmmmmwmmmwmmmmmwNmm

ARE YOU INTERESTED IN A CUTTER
THAT WILL DOUBLE YOUR
PROFITS FOR 1007?

* The Hix “HappyOTHougHt** Automatic Cutter will do it. This
. Cutter is without an equal as it does what others can not do.
Will cut end or side cut bricK, Hollow blocks or conduits any
length or size desired. The capacity is unlimited. No clay
wasted, every brick a perfect one, no complicated machinery to
get out of order and give annoyance.

It Will Pay You to Write Us for Particulars

THE HIX “HAPPY THOUGHT” AUTOMATIC SIDE CUT BRICK CUTTER.

The Wallace Manufacturing Company

FRANKFORT, IND., U. S. A.

CLHY RECORD.

Horizontal Brick Machines

The Brewer Patterns are new and they are right down to the
very minute of modern ideasm They are built by people who know
how and the weight , strength or quality or materia i has not been
skimped to make the price low.

A Line of Three Sizes

Ranging in capacity from 20 to 50 thousand with a good wide
margin of safety.

Gear- frames cast in one piece. Knives forged from hard, high
carbon steel; each one independently adjustable for pitch. Back-
thrusts self-oiling , self-aligning , independent and adjustable.
Screws and liners, white iron.

They are Good Machines

AND IT WILL PAY YOU TO LOOK THEM UP.

» * • • ' f

; ■ v. ... ...

MJ DDriA WCMOto JP TECUMSEH

mam mjfmaSLWw Ok Michigan

CLHY RECORD.

BRICK MACHINES l

$
i
i

Wc build these Machines in five sizes* Capacities to 10,000
brick per hour*

Several hundred are in everyday use* They do first-class
work and are convenient, economical and durable* This can be (L
verified by investigation*

We also build Brick Machines with separate Pug Mill*

Don't forget our Automatic Cutters* They give satis-,
faction.

State your requirements and let us furnish particulars*

3
l

O CiALIUN - UhlU ^

E. M. FREESE & CO.

GALION - - - OHIO

HORIZONTAL BRICR MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen,

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

BRICK DRYERS

The largest and best. The drying done
upon an entirely new principle. Brick
made today. Set in Kiln tomorrow.
Thoroughly dry. Will dry the most
tender clay with no loss from cracking.

It has No cars

No transfer cars
No rail
No ties
No fans

No extra engine

No high or expensive stack

The best dryer on the market. Manu¬
factured by

C. & A. POTTS & CO.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

CLHY RECORD.

Machinery for Building Brick

^AND FOR STREET PAVERS=

Automatic End Cut Brick Machines of five sizes, having capacity

from 10,000 to over 100,00 brick daily under

favorable conditions.

CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY

E. R. FRAZIER, Chicago Agent,

59 West Jackson Boulevard

52D AND MEDIA STREETS

PhILADELPhIA, PA.

Single Crank
Movement
Working
Machinery

all above the

Mold Box.

Weight
about
11,000 pounds
Capacity
2,000 bricks
per hour.

THE PHILADELPHIA REPRESS.

CLHY RECORD.

Heavy Shafts and Large Faced Gears

Write for Our new Circular No. 12 describing some new Models of Brick Machinery

The BONNOT COMPANY

CANTON, OHIO I

NO. 9 AUGER BRICK MACHINE

Capacity 50,000 to 70,000. The Machine for Diffi¬
cult Clays. Heavy Shafts -Steel Gears -Accessibility

12 Ft OOUBLE GEAREO PUG MILL TYPE “C”

Modern Brie

Machinery

THE GUILDER

ELEVATING and
LOWERING
BRICK CAR

FOR OPEN AIR SYSTEM OF DRYING

Write us in regard to this car and also let us tell you all about the
“PREMIER” line of Clay-Working Machinery.

The J. D. Fate Company

PLYMOUTH, OHIO

Vol. XXX. No. 6. CHICAGO, MARCH 30, 1907.

METHODS AND ESTIMATES OF COST OF

HANDLING CLAY AND CLAY MATERIALS*

BY JOS. K. MOORE AND H. R STRAIGHT, UNIVERSITY OF
ILLINOIS, URBANA, ILL.

In the majority of cases the most simple means of hand¬
ling clay and clay materials is the most effective.

Scrapers have been found to be both the simplest and
cheapest means of excavating clay, but this is so only for
small plants. In some cases it is absolutely necessary to
resort to hand digging, and when this is the case a greater
facility in the works is obtained by watching closely the
laborer. What is the difference between a poor and a good
shoveler? Why is it one man is able to load faster than
another? Is it indolence entirely?

The method of work has a great deal to do with it.
Some men bend over and use their arms and shoulders
in forcing the shovel into the soil. This is a waste of
energy which is costing you dollars. Labor is the most
expensive factor of production as expressed by curves to
be shown later. The correct way to dig is to have the arms
free to guide the shovel, and the force used to propel it
downward should be the foot, and the handle should be
as nearly perpendicular as possible. It is often well to put
your good shovelers together and require that their pace
be kept, or at least be a goal for which the others must
strive. Walking on the ground tramps it, hence the cars
and wagons should be brought as close as possible. Re¬
quire the shovelers to keep the digging floor level ; an
Irishman is the only laborer who will do this without being
watched ; as this aids when shifting the tram track it is
necessary. The most economical number to shovel into a
wagon is three or five, and when shoveling to a tram-car,
two are used.

In large plants the steam shovel is employed for exca¬
vating. The size of the shovel and its power is regulated
by the capacity of the plant and the kind of material to be
handled. Large steam shovels of the 95-ton variety handle
material at the rate of 200 ton per hour at their best. For

* Paper presented to the Illinois Clay Workers Association, at
Champaign Ill., June 22-24, 1907. The first part presented by Jos.
K. Moore, balance by H. R. Straight.

Semi-Monthly, 91.00 perYear
Single Copies, - 10 Cent.

some kind of work as low as 25-ton shovels are used.
Where drainage is good and a sufficient water supply is at
hand, stripping on a large scale may be carried on by hy¬
draulic means. In this way 1,200 cubic yards of bowlder
clay has been removed in ten hours by two men using a
iy2 inch nozzle and 80 pounds pressure.

The material after being excavated must be carried to
the plant for this purpose. The cable tramway has during
the past few years come into very general use. This con¬
sists of a winding drum, cars and connecting cable.

The winding drum is of the common paper friction type,,
with a reduction of six or eight between the friction and
castiron wheel against which it works, thus giving a good
arrangement easily controlled by which the load may be
accelerated without extreme stresses in the belt or any of
the parts of the drum. The cable required for such haul¬
age may vary from to Y\ inch, depending upon the
grade, number of cars and their capacity. They are made
of six strands, seven wires to the strand, with hempen cen¬
ters. The kind of cars used depend a great deal upon the
method of loading. When this is to be done by hand, they
should be designed as low' as good practice would allow ;
while on the other hand if a steam shovel is employed an
advantage is gained by the use of a higher car, from the
fact that the distance through which the shovel arm must
travel is less. In loading from a bridge both kinds of cars
are often seen. The cars used for steam shovel loading is
by necessity side or end dump, because of the difficulty of
making the mechanism of a bottom dump car sufficiently
strong to withstand the shock due to the quantity of the
falling load from the dipper. The cars employed where hand
loading is resorted to should be side dump, also, as the men
are required to elevate the material a shorter distance.
End dump cars mentioned above are seldom used except
when the construction of the plant demands it, and these
are to be avoided if possible as they are very poorly bal¬
anced. The capacity of said cars vary from il/2 to 3 yds.,
depending upon the size of plant.

Where hauls are long three other methods are resorted
to. These are the use of wagons, the dinkey locomotive.

CLAY RECORD,

and the aerial tramway. The first are used in smaller plants
where the cost of installation and operation of more elabor¬
ate methods can be ill afforded ; the second is usually oper¬
ated in conjunction with the tramway, thus increasing the
capacity of the tracks ; the third being used where the coun¬
try is rough and grading expensive.

In the plant proper the conveying is best carried on by
means of the belt conveyors where the direction is hori¬
zontal, and cup elevators where the direction is vertical.
However, we know of the elevation of material by means
of smooth belt conveyors at an angle of 25 degrees having
been carried on successfully.

The green and dry products are best handled on flat
belt conveyors, such as the Scott system or others. The
practice of loading and unloading the kiln by means of
conveyors is both practical and economical. Where the
plant is compact the conveyor can carry the burned ware to
their respective stacks, the sorting being done in transit.
For handling finished products and distributing the brick
from yard to car or wagon the Barney conveyor system is
especially adapted. This consists of an endless chain along
which are suspended hooks that hold five bricks each, and
are built in such a form that the bricks are readily grasped
by the unloader. If dry material is to be conveyed, for
example, from bins where cars are dumped, to various bins
connecting with the dry pans, a belt conveyor can be used
and the material taken from the belt at any point by a
self-propelling tripper. This apparatus is manufactured bv
‘Stephens-Adamson Co., of Aurora, Ill., and is especially
suited to plants where the material is shipped in by railroad.
Having discussed the methods in use let us now try to
answer the question, When does it pay to install labor-
saving devices in handling clay and clay products?

The possibility of eliminating hand labor increases pro¬
portionally with the capacity and output of a plant. In
plants of small capacity for example, the winning of the
clay is most economically accomplished in some instances
by pick or shovel and wheelbarrows, and as the capacity
increases the method of winning may pass in succession
from the wheelbarrow scraper, clay gatherer and finally
to the steam shovel. Local conditions such as quantity and
character of stripping, vertical variation in the quality of
the clay, kind and mode of occurence of detrimental mate¬
rial, such as nigger heads, sulphur balls, the difference in
level of factory and floor of clay pit, etc., etc., influence
greatly the adoption of methods of winning, whether the
plant has small or large capacity ; but the fact remains that
the smaller the capacity of the plant, the more dependent must
the operators be on hand labor to gather and deliver clay
to the machines. What is true in case of winning of clay
is true throughout the whole process, even to loading the
finished product.

Practically, the only considerations, aside from those of
local conditions that limits the use of labor-saving devices
to the plants of comparatively large capacity are those of
interest on capital invested in a particular device, .its cost
of maintenance, and amount of depreciation compared
with the wages that would have to be paid for the execu¬
tion of the same kind and amount of service. As a matter

of fact, similar considerations affect the adoption of small
as against large kilns, steam heat dryers as against waste
heat dryers, installation of a car system as against the old-
time track and barrow methods, etc.

After having given some time to the study of efficiency
of clay working machinery and appliances, both from prac¬
tical observation in a large number of clay working plants
of varying capacities, and of published data concerning
the cost of installation, repair and estimated depreciation
and efficiency of similar devices in other industries the
writers have developed a scheme by which, it is believed,
the question of economy effected by the installation of any
labor-saving device can be readily determined.

We have based our calculation on the average working
capacity and wages of the class of laborers that would be
supplanted in each case. In this it is realized that we are
using as a basis of our calculations a factor that varies
greatly, according to the skill of the laborer and the ability
of the foreman. The watching of the diggers, as we have
before cited, is evidence of this.

These items concerning the relative efficiency of hand
laborers have been a subject of study and calculation by
railroad engineers. Having had opportunity to study the
subject of pick and shovel laborers on railroad construction
where every item affecting efficiency of hand labor is con¬
sidered, we feel that we have used as a basis of calculation
figures that represent the average wage and working ca¬
pacity of a common laborer. Where more skilled labor
is effected by the installation of mechanical devices, merely
wages have been taken into consideration.

The estimate of cost for the installment of some of these
different labor-saving devices and of handling material
with the same we have attempted to show by curves,
which Mr. Straight will now explain, and should they
prove as interesting to you as they have been instructive
to us during their preparation, I am sure the time taken
to prepare them shall have been well spent.

The following details show the conditions encountered
in Curves 1 to 6 on curve sheet, No. 1.

Curve No. 1. (5% interest, 5% depreciation.)

Rails, spikes, flanges.

Engines.

Winding Drums.

Curve No. 2. (5% interest, 10% depreciation.)

Boilers.

Outside clay cars (no heavy shocks).

Dinkey locomotive and steam shovel in clay.

Crushing machinery.

Ties.

Curve No. 3. (5% interest, 15% depreciation.)

Transmission belts, protected also in No. 2 class.

Curve No. 4. (5% interest, 20% depreciation.)

Outside clay cars, heavy service.

Steam shovels in shale.

Conveyor belts.

Kiln brick conveyor.

Elevators.

Transmission belts (not protected).

Clay gatherers.

Curve No. 5. (5% interest, 25% depreciation.)

Plows and scrapers.

Curve No. 6. (5% interest, 100% depreciation.)

Cables.

CLKY

Example of use of investment curves.

(See curve sheet No. I.)

A man is using teams and wagons for hauling his clay
from pit to crusher. He uses 200 tons per day, and it cost
him the pay of the equivalent of ten men, at $2.00 to
handle it.

He uses a steam shovel at $4.00 which being included
in curve No. 2, must displace one man.

He uses 1,000 ft. of track at 50c per ft., which is fully
covered by case in curve No. 2 and must displace 1/5 man.

He uses eight cars at $150 as in curve No. 2 and must dis¬
place 3/10 man.

He uses 1,000 ft. 34-inch cable at 734c as in curve No. 6,
and must displace 5/10 man.

He uses a winding drum as in curve No. 1 at $200, and
it must displace 1/100 man.

He uses power to the approximate extent of 34 man’s
wages. (For winding drum.)

Total men to be displaced=3.

Total men to run shovel and cars and other machines
need not be over 5 with an average wage of $2.00 for so
small a shovel therefore he has saved the wages of (10-3) —
5=2 men.

Note. — Man’s labor is rated at $2.00 in curve sheet.

Working days of year taken s 300.

2. 1 team scraping into car bridge with wheel scraper

in loose material. Team at $3.50 per day.

Car man at $2.00 per day.

Drum boy at $1.50 per day.

Cost of 10 h. p. used on drum at $35.00 per h. p. per
year=$i.i6.

Capacity 200 tons per day, cost per ton $4.08.

3. 25-ton steam shovel handling clay.

Capacities, etc., as in table No. 2, cost per ton 4.54
to 8.14 cents.

4. 2 teams with slip scraper scraping into car bridge.
Teams at $3.50 per day.

Car man at $2.00 per day.

Drum boy at $1.50 per day.

Capacity 200 tons, cost per ton 5.83 cents.

Cost of h. p. used on drum same as above, $1.16.

O U«MI OICTZOKH •©.. CMICAOO.

C URVES OF DEPRECIATION AND INTEREST OF LABOR SAVING DE¬
VICES. CURVE SHEET No. I

TABLE SHOWING APPROXIMATE COST PER TON OF HANDLING

CLAYS BY DIFFERENT METHODS ON MEDIUM
SIZE PLANTS.

Case. (See curve sheet No. II.)

1. 35-ton steam shovel handling clay.

Capacities, etc., as in table No. 2, cost per ton — 3.23
to 5.51 cents.

CURVES ON THE COST OF HANDLING CLAYS BY DIFFERENT METHODS

CURVE SHEET No. II

i team scraping into wagon loading inside bridge
with wheel scraper.

2 teams hauling 1,000 to 2,000 ft. with wagon.

3 teams at $3.50 per day.

1 bridge man at $2.00 per day.

Plowing and bunching $1.75.

Capacity 200 tons per day. Cost per ton 7.1 cents.

6. 25-ton shovel loading into wagons.

5 to 7 teams at $3.50 per day.

Other expenses practically the same.

Capacity 225 tons. Cost per ton 9.6 to 13.75 cents.

7. 2 teams scraping into wagon loading bridge with slip

scrapers. 2 teams hauling.

1 bridge man at $2.00.

1 slip man at $2.00.

Plowing, $1.75.

Capacity 200 tons. Cost per ton, 9.87 cents.

CLHY RECORD.

8. 5 men shoveling in plowed material.

3 to 4 teams at $3.50 per day. Haul 1,000 to 2,000 ft.
5 men at $2.00 per day.

Plowing, $1.75.

Capacity 125 tons. Cost per ton, 17.8 to 20.6 cents.

9. 3 men shoveling in plowed material.

2 to 3 teams at $3.50 per day. Haul 1,000 to 2,000 ft.

3 men at $2.00 per day.

Plowing, $1.75.

. Capacity 80 tons. Cost per ton, 17.8 to 22.2 cents.

10. 4 men spading into 2 cars and picking material.

1 car man at $2.00

4 spaders at $2.00.

Drum boy at $1. 50-

Capacity 40 tons. Cost per ton, 28.7 cents.

11. 4 men picking and loading into 2 wagons.

2 teams at $3.50.

4 men at $2.00.

Capacity 40 tons. Cost per ton, 37.5 cents.

Notes on above data. — Depreciation of wages, cars,
cables and tracks not figured in the above. Slip scrapers,
capacity estimated at 1/3 ton or 1/5 yard. Wheelers at
twice capacity of slips.

CURVES ON COST OF HANDLING SHALES AND CLAYS BY STEAM
SHOVEL. CURVE SHEET No. Ill

COST OF HANDLING CLAY OR SOFT SHALE WITH A 25-TON
STEAM SHOVEL AND CABLE HAULAGE.

(See curve sheet No. III.)

Per day

Item. Machines and materials used. of 10 hours.

Min. Max.

1 Interest on shovel investment $3,500 to

$5,000 . ■ . ' . : . 46 .67

2 Cost of coal for shovel at $1.40 per ton,

to 1 ton . 70 1.40

3 Oil, repairs, etc . 15 .30

4 Labor at $2.00 per day, 4 to 6 men . 8.00 12.00

Interest on 4 to 8 cars at $125 each. . . .

.06

.12

Interest on track, 800 to 2,000 ft .

.04

.10

Depreciation of ties at life of 8 years. .

.08

.21

Depreciation of rails, spikes, etc. (prac-

tically nothing) .

Interest on 900 to 2,100 ft. inch cable

at yy2 c per ft .

.01

.02

Depreciation of cable at life of 600 days

.11

.26

1 1

Interest on hoisting drum (practically

nothing) .

Depreciation of hoisting drum, oil, etc. .

.02

.04

Cost of power for drum at $35.00 per h. p.

per year, 5 to 10 h. p. used .

•58

1. 16

Total .

10.21

16.28

CURVES ON COST OF A CLAY HANDLING PLANT. CURVE SHEET No. IV

Min. cost per ton with probable max. output of 225 tons
10.25

: - =4-54 cents.

225

Max. cost per ton with probable min. output of 200 tons
16.28

■ - =8.14 cents.

200

COST OF HANDLING CLAY OR SOFT SHALE WITH A 35-TON
STEAM SHOVEL AND CABLE HAULAGE.

* Per day

Item. Machines and materials used. of 10 hours.

Min. Max.

1 Interest on shovel. Investment $5,500

to $7,000 . . . . 73 -93

1 -1 3 Items from 1 through 13 practically the

same as above . 9.75 1561

Total

10.48 16.54

Min. cost per ton with probable max. output of 325 tons
10.48

— - =3.23 cents.

325

Max. cost per ton with probable min. output of 260 tons
16.54

= - =6.37 cents.

260

COST OF HANDLING CLAY OR SOFT SHALE WITH A 45-TON
STEAM SHOVEL AND CABLE HAULAGE.

Per clay

Item. Machines and material used of 10 hours.

Min. Max.

1 Interest on shovel investment $6,000 to

$7,500 . 80 1. 00

1 -1 3 Item from 1 through 13 practically the

same as above . 9.75 15*61

Total . 10.55 16.61

Min. cost per ton with probable max. output of 600 tons
10*55

= - =i*75 cents.

600

Max. cost per ton with probable min. output of 300 tons
16.61

= - =5*53 cents.

300

COST OF HANDLING HARD SHALE WITH A 60-TON STEAM

SHOVEL AND CABLE HAULAGE.

Per day

Item. Machines and materials used. of 10 hours.

Min. Max.

1 Interest on shovel. Investment $8,000

to $9,000 . 1.06 1.20

2 Cost of coal, 1 to 2]/2 tons at $1.40 per

ton . . 1.40 3*5°

3 Oil, repairs, etc . 25 .50

4 Labor. 6 to 8 men at $2.00 per day . 12.00 16.00

5 Interest on 8 to 12 cars, at $150 each. . .16 .24

6 Interest on tracks of 800 to 2,000 feet of

same construction as in 25-ton case. . .04 .10

7 Depreciation of ties at life of 8 years. . .08 .21

8 Depreciation of rails, practically nothing

9 Interest on 900 to 2,100 ft. Y\ inch cable,

at 16 cents per foot . 02 .05

10 Depreciation of cable at life of 300 days .50 1.10

11 Interest on hoisting drum, at $2.00 .

12 Depreciation of hoisting drum, oil, etc... .03 .05

13 Cost of power in hoisting 10 to 15 horse

power, at $35.00 per h. p. per year. . . . 1.16 1.74

Total . 16.70 24.69

Min. cost per ton with probable max. output of 1,000 tons
16.70

= — - =i*57 cents.

1000

Max. cost per ton with probable min. output of 400 tons
24.69

- - =6.14 cents.

400

COST OF HANDLING HARD SHALE WITH 60-TON STEAM
SHOVEL AND DINKEY LOCOMOTIVE WITH CABLE
HAULAGE ON INCLINE.

Per day

Item. Machines and material used of 10 hours.

Min. Max.

1-5 Items from 1 through 5 inclusive prac¬
tically the same as in 60 ton case
above . $14.87 $21.44

2 7

6 Interest on tracks using 35 pound rails
instead of 25 pound as above for cable

haulage only . 06 .16

7-8 Items 7 and 8 practically same as above

60 ton case . 08 .21

9 Interest on ^4 inch cable, at 16 cents per

ft., 200 to 300 ft .

10 Depreciation of cable at life of 300

days . 12 .18

11-12 Items 11 and 12 practically same as

above 60 tons case . 03 .05

13 Cost of power in hoisting, at $35.00 per

h. p., 5 to 10 h. p. used . 58 1.16

14 Interest on locomotive, investment

$1,200 . 16 .16

15 Engineer on locomotive, at $2.25 per

day . 2.25 2.25

16 Coal used in locomotive, j4-ton, at $1.40 .70 .70

17 Repairs, oil, etc., on locomotive . 10 .25

Total . $18.95 $26.56

Min. cost per ton with probable max. output of 1,100 tons
18.95

= - 1.70 cents.

1 100

Max. cost per ton with probable min. output of 430 tons
26.56

- - =6.18 cents.

430

COST OF HANDLING HARD SHALE WITH 75-TON STEAM
SHOVEL AND DINKEY LOCOMOTIVE WITH CABLE
HAULAGE ON INCLINE.

Per day

Item. Machines and materials used of io hours,

Min. Max.

1 Interest on shovel. Investment $9,000

to $10,000 . ; . $ 1.20 $ 1.33

2 Cost of coal, at $1.40, 2 to 4 tons.... 2.80 5.60

3 Oil, repairs, etc . 20 .50

4 Labor, at $2.00 per day, 5 to 8 men . 10.00 16.00

5 Interest on cars, at $150 each, 8 to 12

cars . l . 16 .24

Items from 6 through 17, practically

the same as 2nd 60 ton case . 4.08 5.12

Total . $18.43 $28.79

Min cost per ton with probable max. output of 1,250 tons

18.43

— - =1.47 cents.

1250

Max. cost per ton with probable min. output of 600 tons
28.79

= - =4.80 cents.

600

COST OF HANDLING HARD SHALE WITH ■ 90-TON STEAM
SHOVEL WITH DINKEY AND CABLE

HAULAGE ON INCLINE.

Per day

Item. Machines and materials used of io hours.

Min. Max.

1 Interest on shovel. Investment $10,-

000 to $11,000 . $ 1.33 $ 1.46

2-3 Ttems 2 and 3 practically same as in

75 ton case . 3.00 6.10

4 Labor, at $2.00 per day, 7 to 10 men. . 14.00 20.00

5-17 Items from 5 through 17 practically

same as previous case . 4.24 5.36

$22.56 $3292

Total

CLKY RECORD,

Min. cost per ton with probable max. output of 1,600 tons
22.56

— - =1.41 cents.

1600

32.92

- - =4-39 cents.

75°

Max. cost per ton with probable min. output of 7.50 tons

COST OF HANDLING A HARD SHALE WITH IIO STEAM SHOVEL
WITH DINKEY LOCOMOTIVE AND CABLE
HAULAGE ON INCLINE.

Per day
of 10 hours.

Item. Machines and materials used Min. Max.

1 Interest on shovel. Investment $11,-

500 to $13,000 . $ 1.53 $ 1.73

2 Cost of coal, at $1.40 per ton, 3 to

5 tons . 4.20 7.00

2 Oil, repairs, etc . 40 .60

4 Labor at $2 00 per day, 8 to 12 men. . 16.00 24.00

5 Interest on cars, at $150 each, 9 to

16 cars . 18 .32

6-12 Items from 6 through 12 practically

same as above case of 90 ton . 1 .29 .60

13 Cost of power for hoisting, at $35

per h. p. per year, 7 to 15 h. p. used .82 1.75

14 Item from 14 through 17 practically

same as above cases . 3.21 3.36

Total $26.63 $39-36

Min. cost per ton with probable max. output of 2,000 tons
26.63

= - -=1.33 cents.

2000

Max. cost per ton with probable min. output of 925 tons

39-36

— - =4-25 cents.

925

Notes on above data:

All interest in table at 4% per annum.

Mens pay at $2 -00 per day of ten hours a probable average.
Horse power used in hoisting drums taken as about the
average between no load and full load.

No cost of grading for track estimated because of great
variation.

Power far hoisting drum figured same as if bought at
cost therefore no depreciation or interest on power plant
of factory estimated.

It will be noticed that the addition of the dinkey engine
somewhat increases the capacity of the day working plant
as shown in the second 60 ton case.

Rise of cost per ton in 60 ton case due to change from
soft shale and clays to a hard shale such as could not be
handled satisfactorily with any shovel lower than a 60 ton.
COST OF INSTALLATION FOR DIFFERENT CAPACITY OUTFITS.

(See curve sheet No. IV.)

25-Ton Shovel.

C Cost of tracks, 25 lb. rails, at $31 per
ton, White oak ties at 50c each, laid 2
ft. between centers ; spikes, bolts, etc.,
at $1.50 per 100 ft., 800 to 2,000 ft.

used .

D Cost of ]/2 in. cable at 7)4 c per ft., 900 to

2,100 feet .

E Cost of hoisting drum .

F Cost of power plant for hoisting drum

not included . ....

Total . $41.82 $74.43

41.82

Min. cost of installation per ton weight = - =$167.

74-43

Max. cost of installation per ton weight — - =$298.

35 Ton Shovel. Min. Max.

A Cost of shovel . $4,500 $7,000

Items from B through F practically

same as in above . 1,182 2,442

Total . $5,682 $9,442

5682

Min. cost of installation per ton weight^ - =$162.

3 >

9442

Max. cost of installation per ton weight:

:$270.

45-Ton Shovel.

Min.

Max.

A Cost of shovel .

$7,500

B-F Items from A through F same as above 1,182

2,443

Total .

. .$7,182

$9,943

7182

Min. cost of installation per ton weight:

:$I59-

9943

Max. cost of installation per ton weight:

= - =

:$22I.

60- Ion Shovel (Cable Haulage).

Min.

Max.

A Cost of shovel .

$9,000

B Cost of cars at $150, 8 to 12 cars. . . .

. . 1,200

1,800

C Cost of track, 8,000 to 2,000 feet .

• • 415

1,036

D Cost of 24 inch cable at 16 cents per foot.

900 to 2,100 feet .

• • 144

336

E Cost of hoisting drum .

200

250

Total .

• -$9,959 $12,422

Min. cost of installation per ton weights

9959

12422

:$l6l.

Max. cost of installation per ton weight= - =$207.

60 Ton Shovel (Dinkey and Cable Haulage).

A-B Same as above 60 ton case . $ 9,200 $10,800

C Cost of tracks same as above except

35 pound rails used .

D Cost of 24 inch cable at 16 cents,

200 to 300 feet .

300 feet .

E Cost of drum F (see 25-ton case) 200

Min.

Max.

Total .

$3,000

$5,000

Min. cost of installation per ton

• 500

1. 000

weight

Max. cost of installation per ton

weight

415

1,036

75-Ton Shovel.

A Cost of shovel .

157

B-G Same as 6o-ton, second case.

200

250

$ 9,200

$10,800

496

1,240

200

250

1,200

1,500

$11,132

$13,844

11132

- _ —

=$185.

13884

= - =$230.

Min. Max.

9,000 $10,000
2,132 4,544

Total . . $11,132 $14,544

Min. cost of installation per ton weight:

11132
75

-=$148.

CLAY RECORD.

14544

Max. cost of installation per ton weights - =$194.

75.

90-Ton Shovel. Min. Max.

A Cost of shovel . . $10,000 $11,000

B Cost of cars at $150, 8 to 12 cars. . 1,200 1,800

C-E Items C through E, inclusive, same

as above case . 1,932 3,044

Total ., . $i3T32 $r5>844

13132

Min. cost of installation per ton weights - =$146.

15844

Max. cost of installation per ton weights - =$176.

no-Ton Shovel. Min. Max.

A Cost of shovel . $11,500 $13,000

B Cost of cars, 9 to 16 at $150 each. . 1,350 2,400

C-E Items C through E same as above,

90-ton . 1,932 2,544

Total . $14,782 $17,944

14782

Min. cost of installation per ton weight— — — =$134.

17944

Max. cost of installation per ton weights - —$163.

THE COLORADO BRICK & STONE COMPANY’S
PLANT AND SOME OF ITS PRODUCT

The illustration shown below is a photograph of The
Colorado Brick & Artificial Stone Company’s pant, situated
within two miles of Colorado Springs, close to the town
of Pikeview, and within fifteen hundred feet of the main
line oi the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad. This plant
was erected in the fall and winter of 1904-5, and started
operating the middle of February, making its first ship¬
ment in April. It was the first plant to make sand-lime
brick in Colorado. The remarkable success achieved by
this Company in the rapid introduction and general ac¬
ceptance of this building material by the best architects
and builders, is the strongest testimony to their progress¬
iveness in constantly adding the latest machinery and de¬
vices for improving their product. This is evidenced by
the large number of buildings of all kinds throughout the
State (but more particularly in the capital city of Den¬
ver) that have been faced with this now popular white
brick. It is conceded by the best authorities on the sub¬
ject that no finer sand-lime face brick is made in this coun¬
try to-day. During the two years of constant operation
the Company’s products have therefore become firmly es¬
tablished.

Plant of the Colorado Brick and Artificial Stone Co., on the main line of the Denver & Rio Grande R. R. near Pike

View Station, two miles north of 1 olorado Springs, Colo.

INDIA WANTS AMERICAN BRICK MACHINERY

Consul General William H. Michael reports from Cal¬
cutta that there is a great need of a brick-making establish¬
ment equipped with modern brick-making machinery.
There is abundance of material and a growing demand for
the brick. The prices on even the commonest hand-made
brick, called pug-mill brick, have advanced within the last
year 50 per cent, and an American company with a plant
equipped with the best American brick-making machinery
would make big money there if started in time.

The plant, as will be seen from the illustration, is built
against the side of a sandstone cliff, advantage being taken
of the elevation of the sandstone above the press, so that
the elevating and conveying appliances in the entire plant
consist of three bucket elevators and one belt conveyor.
The rock is dumped into the top of a high storage bin,
which insures seven days’ supply of dry rock. This bin,
in the favorable climatic conditions, obviates the need of
the ever troublesome drier. The rock feeds out automat-

OLHY RECORD*

the heavest and
strongest press they
had ever constructed.
The makers have
every reason to be
proud of this machine
and its record, as it
has never broken
down, and no stop in
the plant has ever
been due to its failure
or insufficiency. The
press is also equipped
with two molds for
making ashlar blocks,
both rock and smooth
face, both of which
products have found
a good market. The
officers of the Com¬
pany have never re¬
gretted installing the
six-mold type of press,
though therr were a
grea' many “experts”
who even advised
against so large
a machine. With this press two men can quite easily take
off 20,000 brick in a ten-hour day, and can sometimes go
as high as 21,000 per day, and this result is obtained by
running the press at about six and three-quarter revolu¬
tions per minute, as against nine to eleven revolutions per
minute on a four mold press with a daily capacity of but
18,000 brick.

Owing to its being the only "brick city” in the State, the

Residence of Mr. Crawford Hill, 10th and Sherman streets, Denver, Colo. Cost $40,000. Brick manufactured and

furnished by the Colorado Brick and Artificial Stone Company

ically at the bottom of the bin, where it is shoveled into a
nine-foot dry pan. The sandstone thus crushed is fed,
together with the pulverized lime, through an automatic
measuring machine into a tube mill (i7"x5"), which pul¬
verizes the right proportion of sand and gives a very
complete mixture. At the discharge end of the tube mill
moisture is applied to slack the caustic lime, and thence
the material is elevated to one of three silos (since the silo
system is in vogue
at this plant), each
holding material for
making 27,000 brick.

After at least fifteen
hours seasoning, the
material is conveyed
on an i8n belt to an
automatic feed agita¬
tor over the press,
maintaining a regular
and uniform mixture
flowing down into the
press charger.

The Company has
the first six mold
press, so far as we can
learn, that was ever
used in a sand-lime
brick plant. Their
order was a special
one, given to the well
known firm of press
builders, Chisholm,

Boyd & White Co.

. ’ Residence of Mrs. W. C. Daniels, 8th and Logan Ave., Denver, Colo. Cost $30,000. Brick manufactured and

Chicago, who designed furnished by the Colorado Brick and Artificial Stone Company

Company’s chief market is in Denver, where a great many
buildings have been faced with its brick and ashlar blocks,
two (or three) of which buildings are illustrated below.
The first building in the State of Colorado in which sand-
lime brick were used, is the handsome residence of Mr.
Crawford Hill, and the other residenpes, Mrs. Wm. C.
Daniels and Mr. A. R. Wilfley, were soon after faced
with these white brick. F. L. Harnois was the architect
for the first two named and Harlan Thomas for the last
named. Cut below illustrates a very handsome stable and
about a third of the fall, which was faced on both sides
with the ashlar blocks manufactured by this Company, for
Mr. Chas. A. Baldwin, at Broadmoor, near Colorado
Springs, (MacLaren & Thomas, Architects). These
blocks measure 8)4" wide by i6j4" long by about 3" thick.
The inside of the stable itself was faced with white sand-
lime brick. On this job there were used about 20,000
blocks and 50,000 face brick.

ings in which these brick have been laid.

The Company has not gone in for making common
brick, having found there was a sufficient demand for their
entire product for facing the best residences and other
buildings, but it has been obliged occasionally to meet a
demand for a “second” quality brick for facing rear walls,
areas, light shafts, etc., where the owners of buildings
wished to economize somewhat by using a less uniformly
white brick for less prominent walls.

The Company has demonstrated that a variety of arti¬
ficial sandstone, such as water tables, window and door
sills and caps, columns, cornices, etc., etc., can be manu¬
factured with appliances made by the Miracle Pressed
Stone Company, of Minneapolis. It can be but a question
of a few years when brick will be only one of a number
of building materials to be made of sand and lime. The
by-product will surely become a very important factor in
the success of the sand-lime brick plant.

Stable and wall built in 1906, for Chas. A. Baldwin, at Broadmoor, Colorado Springs, Colo. Faced on both
sides writh Ashlar blocks, I6j4n x 8 x 3", manufactured by the Colorado Brick and Artificial Stone Co.

The Company has furnished the face brick for the Car¬
negie Library (MacLaren & Thomas, architects), and a
Fraternity Building (E. P. Varian, architect), in Boulder,
Colo., for the office building of the American Beet Sugar
Company, at Lamar, Colo., and they now have a contract
for the face brick of a church -that is to be built at Lamar
(T. P. Barber, architect.) Their brick have been used for
facing the inside walls of the handsome station recently
completed by the Denver and Rio Grande R. R. Co., also
employees’ quarters, a fine residence and some office and
store buildings, all at Grand Junction, Colo. The artistic
library building of the State Normal School, designed by
Messrs. Roeschlaub & Son, now in course of construction
at Greeley, Colo., is being faced with these brick, including
over 3,000 shapes of several different varieties. Space
does not permit enumerating more of the long list of build-

AN EXHIBIT OF RARE INTEREST AT THE

UNIVERSITY

A collection of pottery which has recently been placed in
the corridor on the second floor of the Natural History
Building University of Illinois at Urbana is attracting
much attention. This collection has been made by the School
of Ceramics for the benefit of its students. There are 175
pieces of American and foreign ware, giving an excellent
opportunity to study and compare the various makes. The
contrast is noticeable between the American pottery which
depends greatly, on form and color for its decorative value
and the European, the beauty of which lies in the delicacy
of its decorative detail The fine collection will well repay
the time of anybody for inspection and examination.

OLKV RECORD.

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER

These new inventiions are those that are especially of
interest to anyone engaged in tne line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

842,412. Brick Machine. John Miller, Minneapolis,
Minn., assignor to Winner Block Machine Company, a
Corporation of Minnesota. Filed Mar. 7, 1906. Serial No.
304>655-

Claim. — In 3 machine of the kind described, a flask hav¬
ing movable side plates, one of which is movable into a posi¬
tion out of line with the mold to permit the molded material
to be ejected, and the other of which is movable laterally
to eject the molded material, substantially as described.

In a machine of the kind described, the combination with
a flask having opposite side plates, one of which is movable
vertically, and the other of which is movable laterally, of a
latch for normally holding the vertically-movable plate in
operative position, and independent lever-actuated rock-
shafts having connections to said two movable side plates,
for imparting the respective movements thereto substan¬
tially as described.

842,882. Device for Making Ornamental Bricks. Mil-
ton N. Grant, Columbus, Ohio, assignor to the Central Ohio
Roofing Tile & Brick Company, Columbus, Ohio, a Cor¬
poration of Ohio. Filed April 23, 1906. Serial No. 313,171.

Claim. — In a device of the character described, the com¬
bination with a machine having a die through which clay
is discharged, of wires arranged at the sides of the mouth
of said die and adapted to engage and roughen one side
and one edge of the clay which is discharged from said die.

In a device of the character described, the combination
with a machine having a die through which clay is forced,
of wires arranged at the sides of the mouth of said die
and adapted to engage and roughen the surface of said
clay, a frame carried by said machine, and tensioning mem¬
bers carried by said frame with which the ends of said wires
are engaged.

842,599. Clay-Screen. John B. Williamson, Marietta,
Ohio, assignor of one-half to William J. Wark, Marietta,
Ohio. Filed April 17, 1906. Serial No. 312,255.

Claim. — In a machine of the character described the com¬
bination with a frame, a stationary casing supported there¬
by and having an outlet, and a spout within and extending
from the casing; of a rotatable shaft suspended from the
frame and extending into the casing, a skeleton frame se¬
cured to and rotatable with the lower end of the suspended
shaft, a bearing for said shaft suspended from the frame

and disposed adjacent and above the skeleton frame, an in¬
verted frusto-conical screen having an outlet, said skeleton
frame being rigidly secured within the outlet, a cylindrical
brush journaled at one end within the suspended bearing
and disposed within and adapted to contact with the screen,
mechanism for rotating the shaft and screen, and means for
transmitting rotary motion from said mechanism to the
cylindrical brush.

842,430. Pulverizer. Peter L. Simpson, Chicago, Ill.,
assignor to Herbert S. Simpson, Chicago, Ill. Filed July
24, 1905. Serial No. 270,967.

Claim. — In a crusher or disintegrator, a casing having
an upper charging-aperture, a shaft extending horizontally
through the casing, hammers pivoted radially on the shaft,
a wear-plate in the top of the casing, a screen in the casing
below the shaft and traversed by said hammers, levers jour¬
naled exteriorly of the casing, self-centering, resilient bear¬
ings thereon for said shaft and means for operating the
levers to adjust the hammers vertically.

GLKY RECORD.

843,785. Screen, Charles R. Allen, San Francisco,
Cal. Filed Dec. 19, 1905. Serial No. 292,476

Claim. — In a screen, two inclined sections arranged end
to end one above the other, with their adjacent ends over¬
lapping and each section comprising side pieces, cross¬

pieces and longitudinal bars, the cross-pieces being bent so
as to hold the bars in oppositely-arranged inclined planes,
those of the upper section being roof-shaped and those of
the lower section trough-shaped.

844,166. Hand Brick-Press. Horace B. Murdock, De¬
troit, Mich. Filed Mar. 13, 1906. Serial No. 305,930.

Claim. — In a hand brick-press, the combination of a base,
rods secured thereto, a frame carrying plungers slidably
mounted on said rods, hand-levers and toggle-joints for
operating said frame so arranged as to lock said frame after
the hand-levers have been operated, a mold adapted to be
placed in position beneath said plungers, and means for
lifting said mold while keeping the pressed bricks in posi¬
tion, substantially as described.

In a hand brick-press, the combination of a base provided
with an upwardly-projecting rod at each corner, a frame se¬
cured to said rods near their tops, a palette adapted to be
placed in position on said base-piece, a frame carrying
plungers, said frame being slidable mounted on said rods,
means for moving said last-named frame, securing devices
slidably mounted on said rods, a mold adapted to engage
with said securing devices, means for raising said securing
devices and therefore raising said mold, consising of a
pilot-wheel, pinions operated thereby, sector-shaped gears
operated by said pinions respectively, and rods operated by
said gears and connected to said securing devices, sub¬
stantially as described.

843,087. Brick-Molding Machine. Thorvald G. Jen¬
sen, Kimballton, Iowa, assignor to Henningsen and Jen¬
sen, Kimballton, Iowa, a Partnership. Filed April 11, 1906.
Serial No. 311,054.

Claim. — A brick-molding machine, in combination, com¬
prising a base having upset partitions 2 formed thereon,
said upset partitions having free ends; a removable bed¬
plate 11 adapted to be seated on said base and to inclose

a part of each of said partitions ; the foldable member 20
, seated upon said base and adapted to inclose the free ends
of said partitions ; the apertures 3 formed in said base ;
the core-lifters 36 adapted to make an entrance within
apertures 3, and means to lock and unlock said foldable
member.

- 843,452. Brick-Kiln. David P. Guise, Williamsport,
Pa., assignor to Guise Construction Company, Altoona, Pa.
Filed Feb. 14, 1906. Serial No. 301,043.

Claim. — In a kiln of the character described, a set of
furnaces conveying heat through the floor, to the lower part
of the burning-chamber, a separate and distinct set of fur¬
naces conveying heat to the upper part of the burning-
chamber, and a central stack in the kiln having side open¬
ings about midway of the height of the burning-chamber,
said stack forming the draft-flue for both sets of furnaces
acting simultaneously.

In a brick-kiln, an upper and a lower series of furnaces
communicating with the upper and lower parts of the burn¬
ing-chamber respectively, a rectangular stack having a plu¬
rality of openings about mid-height of the burning-cham¬
ber, and means for guiding the direction of the draft in the
stack.

MAY FORM BRICK TRUST

B. Broughton and his partner, C. Davis, Bradford, Pa.,
are figuring with 17 of the largest brick manufacturing
plants in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana for the consoli¬
dation of their interests in a single corporation, capital $2,-
000,000 with Bradford and Pittsburg contending for the
main offices.

CL-HY RECORD.

CLAY RECORD. .

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company,

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWEEL, Editor.
SUBSCRIPTIONS.

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States, Canada or Mexico
and one dollar fifty cents for all other foreign countries.

Papers are qot stopped at the end of subscriptions unless the sub¬
scribers order them so and pay up the arrearages.

ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POST OFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER.

Vol. XXX. MARCH 30, 1907. No. 6

“ I like to read American advertisements. They are in
themselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.”— William E. Gladstone.

Do not whistle up a chimney if you wish to be heard.

Egotism is the glue that enables a man to get stuck on
himself.

Subscribers for the Clay Record now ! It costs but
one dollar for the year. If not satisfied we will return
your money.

Heaven may be the fountain head of praise, but it will
do no harm to let out an occasional cheer during your
sojourn on earth.

Men are always telling what they would do under cer¬
tain circumstances, but when the aforesaid circumstances
happen along they do something different. ■

Never speak through a medium that does not reach
your particular audience. The clay field is reached through
the Clay Record, better and more often than by any
other journal. Try it for a while and be convinced, we
ask nothing more than a good fair trial the same as you
would ask when you are selling your goods.

“Show me the business man who gives no thought to his
business, who neglects his trade or technical journal and re¬
mains in ignorance of the important things going on in his
line, and I’ll show you a man who trusts somebody to do
these things for him, or who will have some vain regrets
when he wakes up.” — Ex.

FIREPROOF HOUSES COST ABOUT THE SAME

AS WOOD

Private residences recently built and now under con¬
struction in New York show that it is becoming the prac¬
tice to use the same fireproofing precautions in residences
as in lofty hotels and skyscrapers. It seems that every
owner is determined that his carefully planned home shall
not be swallowed up in flame and smoke.

In Mr. Charles M. Schwab’s house on Riverside
Drive there are more than 100,000 square feet of terra
cotta hollow tile blocks in the arches, partitions and roof.
There is nearly as much in the new residence of Mr.
Payne Whitney, on Fifth Avenue ; and in the next house,
there are some 40,000 square feet of this fire-proofing
material.

This is distinctly a departure in the construction of pri¬
vate dwelling houses. Not many years ago such extra
precautions against fire as are now becoming customary
were unknown. The change is due partly to the greater
size and value of modern residences but chiefly to the
increased knowledge of the extent of fire losses and the
realization of what due precautions will mean in the way
of prevention.

Houses along Fifth Avenue that have become well
known to sight-seers are protected against fire just as
thoroughly as are dwellings twenty stories in the air.

It is not altogether a question of life saving — life is in
comparatively little danger in low buildings — but of sav¬
ing property. When a man of wealth equips his house with
furniture, t tapestrie and art treasures worth thousands of
dollars, it is a matter of concern that they shall not be
destroyed, hence the elaborate measures to prevent fire.

Within the last few years the price of lumber has in¬
creased to such an extent that the fireproof home is no
longer the expensive luxury it used to be. Now the man
of moderate means, even the day workman, can have a home
as safe from fire as the palatial dwellings of the ultra-
wealthy. That this fact is becoming known is shown by
the number of dwellings costing as low as $5,000 which
are now being erected all over the country. A notable
example is a row of cottages recently built just outside
of Pittsburg, Pa. These were constructed throughout of
hollow tile at a cost of $4,500 each — about $500 more
than if they had been built of wood. This increase is off¬
set by the fact that the use of hollow clay blocks makes
them warmer in winter, cooler in summer, free from damp
and vermin and as secure from fire as any of the mansions
in Millionaires’ row.

CLHY RECORD.

OBITUARY

Charles R. Monroe, a 'brick manufacturer at Washing¬
ton, D. C., killed himself in a hotel at Atlanta, Ga. He
was 54 years of age.

Joseph A. Baldwin, a pioneer sewer pipe manufacturer
and one of the best known residents of Akron, Ohio, is
dead. He was 86 years of age.

Charles A. Wagner, a brick manufacturer and hotel
keeper at Dearborn, Mich., died of pneumonia. He was
a member of the firm of A. Wagner & Son, and was born
in i860.

William Randall, one of the pioneer brick manufactur¬
ers of LaHarpe, Kansas, died at his home on West Maple
Ave. He was 78 years of age and underwent an opera¬
tion several weeks ago from which he did not recover.

John H. Massman, 53 years of age, and a resident of
Kansas City, Mo., since 1879, died °f Bright’s disease at
his home. Mr. Massman for the last twelve years has been
a brick manufacturer and contractor. His partenr being
Frank G. Shinnick.

James H. Rogers, of Union, S. C., died at his home of
paralysis, he was treasurer and manager of the Hyatt
Brick Works of Columbia, S. C., up to October, 1906,
when he received the first stroke. He was born in Scot¬
land 59 years ago and was a prominent citizen.

BRICKLAYERS OF SAN FRANCISCO WILL
MANUFACTURE BRICK TO REDUCE
THEIR COST

The bricklayers of San Francisco, Cal., will manufac¬
ture brick and reduce the cost of that material to the
figure at which it .sold prior to April 18, 1906, and pos¬
sibly to less. Bricklayers’ Union, No. 7, at the last meet¬
ing, decided to acquire a site for a brickyard, manufacture
its own brick and deliver it in San Francisco at a figure
which will greatly encourage owners and contractors, and
reduce the cots of permanent structures to a minimum,
thus aiding materially in rebuilding San Francisco in a
substantial manner at the lowest possible cost. The union
has received assurance of a capital of from $200,000 to
$500,000 for the purpose of acquiring a first-class plant
with a capacity of 1,000,000 brick a week to start with, and
room for increase to meet future requirements. Practical
and experienced brickmakers, members of the union, have
volunteered to lend their best efforts toward making the
proposed enterprise a success, and a credit to the craft.
Assurance has also been received from the international
organization that every union of the craft throughout the
United States and Canada, and their 110,000 members
will aid with liberal subscriptions to the rehabilitation of
San Francisco. It was stated that the price of brick has
been advanced from $10 a 1000 to $15* since last May,
and that brick can be delivered in San Francisco at $6 a
1000. A committee was appointed with full power to act,
to secure a suitable site for the proposed plant, and work
is to be started as early as possible.

The union decided that its members would continue to
work on concrete buildings in harmony with concrete work¬
ers, as any friction, no matter how just the claims, was
liable to be misinterpreted, and the union is determined that
nothing shall be done which might in the least hamper
the reconstruction of San Francisco.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSES

The barn of the Indiana Brick Co., at Anderson, Ind.,
was struck by lightning and consumed together with its
contents. Loss $2,000.

George Bash, an employe of the T. B. Townsend Brick
& Con. Co., at Zanesville, Ohio, was caught in a cave in
at the clay pit and instantly killed.

The American National Bank, of Edensburg, Pa., has
brought suit against the Curwensville (Pa.) Fire Brick
Co., to recover the sum of $2,500 on a note.

The plant of the Ford China Co., at Ford City, Pa., is
to be sold April 16 to satisfy $32,000 firt mortgage bonds,
held by a trust company of Pittsburg. This is the larg¬
est pottery in America.

Thomas Oliff, a brick manufacturer at Clio, Mich., has
commenced suit against the village claiming that through
their neglect water backed upon his yard and did damage
to the extent of $5,000.

The American Clay & Fertilizer Co., with office in Cleve¬
land, Ohio, and plant at North Industry has filed a deed
of assignment for the benefit of creditors. The bill was
filed by president J. E. Taylor and secretary W. M. Dill-
hofer. James J. Clark, of Canton, is the receiver.

Frank Shearer, asst, superintendent of the National Fire
Roofing Co., at Hobart, Ind., was instantly killed. He
was standing on a table while putting on a belt and his
sleeves caught and’ he was dragged around while the
wheel was making 4,000 revolutions a minute. His arms,
legs, and neck were broken.

FIRE! FIRE! FIRE!

Damage to the extent of $2,500 was caused by fire at
the Bellmark Pottery, Trenton, N. J.

The Standard Brick Works, Empire, Ohio, were de¬
stroyed by fire causing a loss of $60,000.

The Calder Brick Works at Emporium, Pa., were dam¬
aged to the extent of $10,000 by fire. The main office of
the company is at Detroit, Mich.

Fire of an unknown origin caused a loss of $8,500 to
the plant of the Greenwood Pottery Co., South Clinton
Ave., Trenton, N. J. James Tams is president of the com¬
pany.

The Electric Porcelain Works in the east end, East
Liverpool, Ohio, was destroyed by fire. The water works
plant was out of service on account of a flood. The loss
is $80,000.

The plant of Benjamin Kissinger’s Sons, York, Pa., was ■
damaged by a fire supposed to be of incendary origin, a
bottle containing coal oil was discovered by the police and
an investigation is being made.

The Aetna Brick Works the property of the Mack Mfg.
Co., New Cumberland, W. Va., were badly damaged by
a fire which started in the engine room. The plant was
almost entirely consumed but was heavily insured.

The Cro.w’s Ru’n plant of the Pennsylvania Clay Co.,
Rochester, Pa., was destroyed by fire, causing a loss of
$30,000. A workman carrying a lighted torch ignited a
bucket of oil which exploded and set fire to the plant.

DIRECT HEAT ROTARY BLAST DRYERS

During the month of February the American Process
Company, 62 Williams Street, New York, closed con¬
tracts for twenty dryers for handling clay, sand, coal, rock
and peat.

They recently installed a small dryer in a plant to do
away with three large steam dryers and it has found that
while the dryer operates oily several days a week it rep¬
resents a saving of more than one hundred dollars per
month in the coal bill alone.

This well known firm has furnished dryers for many of
the largest plants in the United States as well as in many
of the foreign countries, write to them if you have any¬
thing to dry and don’t forget to say you read the Clay
Record.

TERRORIZED BY EXPLOSION SYRIANS JUMP
TO DEATH AT WHEELING

Wheeling, W. Va. — Eighteen persons are known to have
lost their lives, and it is thought that there were a number
of other fatalities, in a fire which destroyed the plant of
the Warwick Pottery Company in the flooded district of
this city. Most of the dead are children. The fire fol¬
lowed an explosion, which terrified the families of Syrian
mill operatives living in nearby houses. Frantic with
alarm, they jumped from the windows of their homes into
the flood, and were drowned in the rushing waters. The
scene was distressing. The screams for help of those in
the buildings could be heard as far as the steel bridge, a
mile away, where thousands of perosns had gathered to
watch the blaze, unable to render assistance. Not all of
those drowned met their death by jumping. Five were
drowned by the upsetting of a boat into which they had
clambered to reach a place of safety.

Because of the water surrounding the burning factory
the firemen were unable to reach the scene with apparatus.
Lines of hose were carried to the fire by boats pressed
into service. The firemen and all the available police of
the city did heroic work in rescuing the drowning. The
crew of a boat moored across, the river from the burning
building manned a yawl and saved about one hundred.
The rescued persons and their families ofifered gifts and
rewards of money to the rescuers, who refused to accept
the gratuities.

Had the Syrians remained in their homes probably none
would have met death. Their homes were not touched
by the flames. The loss of life was due entirely to the
panic following the explosion. The act of one or two
who jumped from windows without reason spread terror
to hundreds, who followed suit.

After the fire the Syrians refused to return to their
homes, and they are being cared for in the city hall and
county jail. Nearly every family lost a member by drown¬
ing or has a member among the missing, and the re¬
mainder are frantic.

It is estimated that the damage in Wheeling alone since
the flood will amount to over $3,000,000. It will be weeks
before any of the local industrial plants will be able to
resume operations. The floods are receding, leaving the
city a mass of debris and wreckage.

FIRE PROOFING COMPANY SETS SAIL FOR
SEWER PIPE COMBINE AND LATTER
SEEMS WILLING

Shrill and clear sounded the tocsin of industrial war
when official announcement was made that the National Fire
Proofing Company, Pittsburg, Pa., was about to engage
in the manufacture of sewer pipe. Immediately afterward
it was known that the American Sewer. Pipe Company had
declared its regular quarterly dividend.

It has been known for some time that the National Fire
Proofing Company was taking steps looking to ap invasion
of the field occupied by the American Sewer Pipe Com¬
pany, and it has also been known that the Sewer Pipe
Company has been experimenting with a view to manufac¬
turing fire proofing. After the annual meeting of the
Sewer Pipe Company it was announced that W. B.
Goucher, treasurer of that organization, had resigned and
later the statement was made that with S'. B. Goucher,
manager of the sales department, and Samuel McAdoo,
superintendent of plants, he would begin the operation of
a string of sewer pipe plants under the name of the
Goucher-McAdoo Sewer Pipe Company.

The announcement by President W. D. Henry of the
National Fire Proofing Company was that through this
new corporation it would at once begin the manufacture
of sewer pipe. There are seven plants located in Illinois,
Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

Just how vigorous the American Sewer Pipe Company
will become in the production of fireproofing material has
not been made known, but it is asserted that it is in posi¬
tion to push its product in the market. The declaration
of the dividend when it was not expected in som£ quarters
shows its financial strength.

ANOTHER BIG BUILDING FOR AMERICAN
CLAY MACHINERY COMPANY

Scarcely is one improvement determined upon and
started at the factory of the American Clay Machinery Co.,
Bucyrus, Ohio, than another is found necessary and ar¬
rangements are made for its realization. The latest im¬
provement to this immense plant will be a four story pat¬
tern storage building which will be erected just opposite
the factory on Warren street. The ground has but re¬
cently been vacated by the removal of the old dwelling
from the lot and within a few days work will begin on
the new building. The building will nearly cover the lot
with only a small yard left vacant at the rear for storage.
The building will be fifty by one hundred feet in size and
will be built of brick and fire proofing in order that the
valuable patterns of the company will be safe from fire.
There will be four floors for the storage of patterns. The
ground floor will be twelve feet high and the other three
floors will be eight feet each. This will make a building
about fifty feet high. The pattern storage has been found
necessary for two reasons ; to take care of the patterns and
to make more room in the foundry. The present pattern
room is on Charles Street and this part of the factory
building will be added to the foundry.

This big improvement is in addition to the immense
power plant which is to be erected on Lane Street.

OLKY

THE RAYMOND COMPANY WILL BUILD NEW

FACTORY

The C. W. Raymond Co., of Dayton, Ohio, havd pur¬
chased a tract of land comprising ten acres in the best
manufacturing part of the City of Dayton and will pro¬
ceed immediately to the erection of large and commodious
buildings, in order to take care of their fast increasing
business. They will erect a machine shop, foundry, fire¬
proof pattern storage, wood department and office, all
after the most modern patterns. Plans are now in the
hands of the architect and will be shown in these columns
at a later day.

Sure it is that this company will be in the running on
brick machinery for many years to come.

CERAMIC STUDENTS VISIT BUCYRUS

Prof. Edward Orton, head of the Ceramic department
of the State University, Columbus, O., together with a
dozen students of the class . of clay working, arrived in
Bucyrus over the Short Line to inspect the plant of the
American Clay Machinery Co., and put in the greater part
of the day at the factory and in the clay testing room.

The American company is the largest concern in the
world manufacturing clay working machinery and its test¬
ing room is an excellent practical lesson in brick making.
For this reason the visit of the students will result in much
practical benefit.

The young men entered into the matter thoroughly in¬
specting machines, methods of building and operation of
the various machines in a thorough manner. The party
spent the latter part of the afternoon in looking over the
city and left on the evening Short Line south.

Those in the party were : Prof. Edward Orton, Col¬
umbus; J. F. Knote, R. C. Cooper, A. E. Williams, J. D.
Whitmer, A. J. Ogle, K. Takahashi, Japan; R. L. Hare,
H. A. Henry, H. DesTardines, W. Stolp, J. Stolp, Geo.

D. Morris and W. H. Dittoe.

- -

CHICAGO MANUFACTURERS THROUGH NEW
BRICK EXCHANGE RAISE PRICE
FROM $5 TO $6

It was announced March 26 that the competitive war
among local manufacturers of brick, begun more than a
year ago, and which has been a loss to everybody in the
business, has been brought to an end. The price of brick
was advanced from $5 to $6 a thousand, and the trade has
been notified that the new figures will be the standing price
until further .notice. The advance was arranged by the
formation of a central brick exchange, through which the
16 or 17 independent manufacturers of brick will now sell
their product.

Neither the Illinois Brick Co., nor the National Brick
Co., is a member of the new organization, but both con¬
cerns raised their prices immediately upon receiving no¬
tice that the independent makers had put their plan into
effect.

The independents, which furnish 40 per cent of the
local output, have formed a central exchange. The Illinois
Brick Company contributes 40 and the National 20 per

cent of the output.

POTTERY NEWS ITEMS

Ottumwa, Iowa, is soon to have a new pottery, Joseph
P. Young representing Illinois parties is the promoter.

The Ransbottom Pottery Co., Roseville, Ohio, has been
incorporated with $100,000 capital stock by Frank Rans¬
bottom and others.

The Washington County Pottery Co., Marietta, Ohio,
has been organized with $50,000 capital stock by Albert
S. Boone and others.

The Indianapolis (Ind.) Stoneware Co., has been in¬
corporated with $25,000 capital stock, directors are H. C.
Johnson, E. O. Johnson, and Nancy L. Johnson.

The Georgia-Carolina Pottery Co., Augusta, Ga., has
been incorporated with $5,000 capital stock with privilege
to increase $100,000. Colin McLean and others are in¬
terested.

The Upland Pottery, Upland, Ind., is to be started with¬
in a month, 35 men will be employed. Those interested
are A. L. Mulkins, Will Woods, W. T. Wilson and Roscoe
Bidwell.

The El Reno (Okla.) Pottery Co., have let the con¬
tract for the construction of its building to Collins Bros.
The size of the building is 240x430 feet. The plant will
cost $100,000.

The Imperial Procelain Co., Trenton, N.J., has pur¬
chased the Excelsior Pottery Co.’s plant 300x500 feet, this
was made necessary by the fire to their own plant which
occurred in February.

The Globe Pottery Co., East Liverpool, Ohio, has been
incorporated with $1,000,000 capital stock by Jacob S. Ren-
kel, N. A. Frederick, Mentor Shenkel, J. T. Herbert, G. J.
Owen and F. B. Lawrence.

The Jamaica (‘N. Y.) Art, Ceramic, Porcelain & Pot¬
tery Co., has been incorporated with $25,000 capital stock.
Directors are Louis Romahi, of Flushing, George Hamp¬
ton and Harvey Thomas of Bronx.

The Pacific Coast Pottery & Terra Cotta Co., San Jose,
Cal., has been incorporated with $500,000 capital stock
The stockholders are A. D. Campbell, R. R. Webb, W.
K. Jenkins, L. S. Denton and N. E. Wretman.

Charles Templeton, of Philadelphia, Pa., has purchased
the Ironsides Pottery at Bordentown, N. J., the largest
individual manufactory of sanitary pottery in this country,
and will reorganize same. The consideration was $200,000.

The Elgin (Texas) Pottery Co., has been incorporated
with $15,000 to build a pottery at Butler. The owners
are M. Butler and W. G. Sneed, of Austin, and W. H.
Rivers, of Elgin. The plant is to be near the Elgin-But-
ler Brick & Tile Co.’s plant.

The United States Porcelain Products Co., Findlay.
Ohio, now occupying the Bell Pottery plant, has increased
its capital stock from $25,000 to $50,000. Ex-county
Treasurer W. S. Bish has taken an interest in the com¬
pany and has charge of the office.

The Golden (Colo.) Pottery Co., has been incorpor¬
ated with $50,000 capital stock and has purchased the
factory formerly operated by the Geysbeek Pottery Co.
Stoneware will be made at first, J. C. Marley, C. F.
Bourne and J. F. Hunt, of Kokomo, Ind., have moved
there and are interested.

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS

The Ft. Edwards (N. Y.) Granite Brick Co., have in¬
stalled a new press in their factory.

The Long Island Silicate Brick Go. has been incorporated
under Arizona laws with a $250,000 capital stock.

Compton, Cali., is to have a sand lime brick works very
shortly. Promotors are now forming the corporation.

The Silica Brick & Stone Co., So. Main Street, Janes¬
ville, Wis., are starting up their works for a long run.

The Sandstone brick works at Lancaster, N. Y., has
opened up for a season run after being closed all winter.

The Cement Brick Works, Anderson, S. C., has been
incorporated with $4,000 capital stock. J. C. Cummings
is president.

Hillier Bros., Waukesha, Wis., have bought the Pioneer
Livery Stable and remodeling it for a cement tile and
brick factory.

The Aleco Brick Co., has been incorporated with $200,-
000 capital stock. Directors are E. El. Foster, H. J. Black¬
burn and E. Norton, all of New York city.

The Janesville (Wis.) Cement Shingle Co., has been
organized with $to,ooo capital stock. Christian and John
Nygaard and L. Hanson are the incorporators.

The United States Granite Pressed Brick Co., Los An¬
geles, Cali., have let a contract for a very large crushing
plant to be installed at their works, 16th and Alameda
streets.

The site for the new sand lime brick plant at Water-
town, S. Dak., has been secured and work on building
started the middle of the month. The plant will be in
operation by May 1.

The Eureka Brick Co., Webb City, Mo., are now manu¬
facturing brick from the tailings of the lead mines. The
capacity of the present plant is 10,000 brick daily and the
same will be doubled this season.

The Michigan Sand Lime Brick Co., Grand Rapids,
Mich., has been incorporated with $35,000 capital stock.
The stockholders are H. W. Marsh and G. E. Anthony, of
Manistee and William Harrison of Grand Rapids.

The Birmingham (Ala.) Architectural Stone & Brick
Co., recently organized, will establish plant to manufacture
cement brick, concrete blocks and roofing tile. I. T. Hou¬
ser is president. Office, 5th Avenue and 35th Street.

The plant of the New York Granite Brick Co., at South
River, N. J., will soon be started up. The company have
orders for a large number of their high grade sand lime
brick and will operate the plant at its fullest capacity as
soon as possible.

The Cement Roofing Tile Machine Co., Portsmouth,
O., with $50,000 capital stock elected John M. Sheets
president and Charles Kinney secretary and treasurer. The
company will handle the New Era roofing tile machinery
in that territory.

The chances are that Canon City, Colo., will have
another brick making plant, this time a sand lime brick
works. L. L. Harding and others are interested in the
enterprise and have had samples made of sand from the
hogback there.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

John Singer, foreman for W. H. Rood, has leased his
drain tile works at Goshen, Ind., for a term of years.

The Ponca City, Okla., Chamber of Commerce, have
about completed arrangements for a first-class brick works.

The Bangor (Maine) Brick Co., has voted to increase
the amount of its capital stock from $35,000 to $50,000.

The Logan (O.) Clay Products Co., stockholders de¬
cided on an expenditure of $15,000 for improvements at
its last meeting.

The Muscatine (Iowa) Clay & Tile Co. has been in¬
corporated with $10,000 capital stock. B. F. Greiner is
president, J. W. Eells is the secretary.

George F. Cotton, of Table Rock, Nebr., has bought
a one-half interest in the Seward (Nebr.) Brick Works,
and will remove to Seward so as to have charge of same.

George Kreiger, LaGrande, Oregon, has purchased ma¬
chinery to make 70,000 brick daily. Electric power will
be used, a 60 horse-power motor being part of the equip¬
ment.

The Central Brick Exchange, Chicago, has been incorpo¬
rated with $5,000 capital stock. Incorporators are, R. W.
Rosenstone, William H. Chadwick, and Jacob S.
Reppogle.

The Diana Brick & Tile Co., Loeb, Texas, has an¬
nounced that they will put in a plant to make tile near
their brick works. Ernest M. Loeb, of New Orleans, La.,
is president of the company.

C. R. Smith has resigned as president of the Table Rock
(Nebr.) Clay Co., and Willis C. Fellers elected to fill the
vacancy. Lewis Fellers was appointed foreman of the up¬
per yard and Philip Pepoon of the lower yard.

Murray & Riberdy Co. has been incorporated at Al¬
bany, N. Y., to manufacture brick, with $12,000 capital
stock. Incorporators are Elizabeth Murray, Telesphore
Riberdy, Joseph Riberdy, Sinai Riberdy, of Cohoes, N. Y.

The W. L. Damon Brick Co., New Britain, Ct., has
been incorporated with $30,000 capital stock. The offi¬
cers are W. L. Damon, president and treasurer ; Harold
W. Damon, vice-president, and D. T. Holmes, secretary,
all of New Britain.

W. W. Ellis & Son, are taking down their plant at Can¬
ton, Ill., and will begin the building of their new plant on
the site of the West Canton Coal Co., as soon as the weath¬
er will permit. They will make brick out of shale and on
a much larger scale than before.

James E. Romig is making plans to establish a large
brick making plant on his farm near Hillside Station,
Abington, P. O., Montgomery Co., Pa. The plant will be
35,000 brick daily capacity, 100 horse-power engine and
boiler, four large kilns, drying sheds, etc.

The Marion (Ind.) Brick Works, which quit work in
that city in August, 1905, is preparing to resume opera¬
tions in the spring. They have bought the Overman farm
of fifty-five acres and will extend its tramways and resume.
Improvements are now being made. R. H. Lanyon, of
Chicago, is president ; Delmar Lincoln, of Indianapolis, is
manager and F. A. Cole, of Marion, the local manager.

CLHY RECORD,

Louis Greig, St. Martinsville, La., wants information
and prices on brick machinery.

J. O. Houston, Queen City, Texas, will put in a brick
plant, making 25,000 brick daily.

W. L Person, Rocky Mount, N C., is in the market
for a second hand brick making plant.

Mr. Spiegler, of Chicago, has bought the tile works at
Buckley, Ills., and moved there with his family to operate
same.

The American Brick Co., Hemlock, Perry Co., Ohio,
has been incorporated with $100,000 capital stock by W.
J. Jones and others.

A. R. Allen, of Elk City, Kansas, is the manager of the
Okmulgee (Ind. Ter.) Brick Works, which recently moved
from Chandler, Okla.

The Marita Brick & Tile Co., has been incorporated
at Everetts, N. C., with $20,000 capital stock by W. H.
Adkin, W. S. Barnhill, J. G. Barnhill and others.

The Carrollton (Texas) Press Brick Co., has been in¬
corporated with $30,000 capital stock. Incorporators are
C. E. Jackson, W. T. Squibb and Andrew Jackson.

Chester Garner, Tom Baldwin and Joe Mannett of Cor¬
ona, Cal., have found a deposit of clay six miles southwest
of town, in Fresno Canyon, and they will develop same.

The work has been started on the large brick plant of
the Atlas Brick Co., at Moxehala, Ohio, 60 miles south of
Columbus, the main office of the company. F. H. Mutch-
ler is president and W. B. Peters secretary and treasurer.

Partridge, Minn., parties have found a clay bed and
have taken steps to start a brick works.

^ The Commercial Club, of Ft. Smith, Ark., have their

hooks out for a drain tile and sewer pipe plant.

W. R. Houston has been appointed manager of the
Port Credit (Ont.) Brick Co., in place of Fred R. Miller,
who resigned.

The East Peoria (Ills.) Brick Co., has been incorpor¬
ated with $30,000 capital stock by A. H. Kanne, F. J.
Kanne and G. C. Kanne.

The \\ ebster City (la..) Brick & Pile Co., owned by
C. W. Soule is to have a new installation of machinery.
The same will be put in at once.

The Ripley (O.) Brick Co., has been incorporated with
$25,000 capital stock E. T. Kirker, W. B. Kirkpatrick
L. S. Wiles, W. R. Wilson and A. W. Francis.

The Leavittsburg (Ohio) Brick Co., has been organized
with $30,000 capital stock by L. F. Hunter, E. J. Burrows,
W. P. Starr, Fred J. Barnes and' Warren Thomas.

-The Ft. Smith (Ark.) Brick & Gas Co., recently elected
the following officers: W. O. Caldwell, president; W.
R. Abbott, vice-president; H. B. Sails, secretary and C.
W. Jones, treasurer.

W. S. Elton, of the Western Clay Products Co., met
with the managers of the Commercial Club, of Lehi, Utah,
and it is likely that they will build a plant there and utilize
the Kendall Kaolin and clay beds.

The Paducah (Ky.) Brick & Tile Co., has been incor¬
porated with $40,000 capital stock. This is an incorpora¬
tion of the Chamblin & Murray works. C. H. Chamblin
is president, J. A. Murray, vice president and Arthur Mur¬
ray, secretary and treasurer.

The first WASTE HEAT DRYER bore the name
“ Buffalo.” Economy is the watchword and in the third of
a century since we began solving drying problems, there has
been steady enginring progreeess.

“BUFFALO” WASTE HEAT FANS take the Waste
Heat from the kilns and deliver it to the drying chambers,
which can be automatically kept at any temperature and hu¬
midity. “Buffalo” Fans have water-cooled bearings when
necessary.

APPLICABLE TO BRICK, TILE AND TERRA

COTTA PLANTS.

Buffalo Waste Heat Dryer.

“Buffalo” waste Heat Fan Direct connected Engine Qur thirty years of success is due to a constant study of clays.

Bottom Horizdntal Discharge. J J

Write, stating requirements, and ask for catalog.

BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY, BUFFALO, N. Y„ U. S. A.

CANADIAN BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. MONTREAL, CANADA.

CLKY RECORD,

R. W. Tidrich, of Clarksdale, Miss., is at Helena, Ark.,
with a view of starting a file factory there.

The Alger (Wash.) Brick & Tile Co., have installed a
tile making machine which will make 20,000 tile daily.

The Kensington (Ct.) Brick Co., is preparing to en¬
large the capacity of their yard to 6,000,000 brick an¬
nually.

Citizens of San Jose, Cal., have formed a company for
the building of a terra cotta plant that will cost a half
million dollars.

The Algona (la.) Brick & Tile Co., will increase their
capacity by building two new kilns and putting in larger
boilers. A. M. Coan, is the secretary and manager.

A meeting has been held in the office of P. C. Hawkins
in McGaheysville, Va., for the purpose of organizing a
company to manufacture brick at the rate of 30,000 daily.

The Oklahoma Vitrified & Pressed Brick Co., has been
incorporated with $100,000 capital stock by C. A. Has-
hour, L. E. Hunter and L. R. Hashour, of Cleveland,
Oklahoma, at Oklahoma City, Okla.

M. G. McNaughton, of Villisca, la., has accepted the
position of superintendent of the Granite Brick Co., Bur¬
lington, la. He managed the Villisca plant for eleven
years. W. H. Capps will succeed him.

The Empire Brick & Stone Co., Spokane, Wash., has
been organized with $100,000 capital stock and will take
over the plant of the Empire Pressed Brick Co., at Rock¬
ford, besides engage in the stone business. F. E. Good-
all is president; E. H. Gimper, vice-president; J. H. Ehlers,
treasurer and R. K. Green, secretary and manager.

The Southern Clay Mfg. Co., Chattanooga, Tenn., will
reopen and operate its plant at Chilhowie, Va.

F. L. Byron an inventor of a new process for making
fire brick, will build a plant at Cranbrook, B. C.

R. L. McCormack has been awarded the contract to
build a brick plant at Bonner Springs for the Kansas
City (Mo.) Gray Brick Co.

The East Ithaca Red Brick & Tile Co.’s plant at Ithaca,
N. Y., is undergoing a few improvements. This plant is
managed by Geo. W. Cook.

Send for catalogue 56S to the New York Blower Co.,
25th Place & Stewart Ave., Chicago, if you are interested
in drying your clay goods cheaply.

The Ideal Concrete Machinery Co., dept W., South
Bend, Ind., is one of the largest manufacturers of concrete
machines, for both blocks and brick, in America.

The Grand Junction (Colo.) Pressed Brick & Tile Co.,
has been incorporated with $30,000 capital stock by E. H.
Kern, Chas A. Van Hornbeke and G. Van Hornbeke.

The Chatsworth (Ga.) Brick & Power Co., has been
formed and wants prices on machinery to make 20,000
brick daily. J. M. Sanders, box 277, Dalton, Ga., is presi¬
dent of the company.

The Royal Wooster Brick Co. has been incorporated
with $75,000 capital stock at Toledo, Iowa. The officers
are C. G. Kaiser, of Dysart, president; Conrad Brandau,
of Dyasrt, vice-president ; Oscar Casey, of Dysart, treas¬
urer and H. J. Stiger, of Toledo, secretary. They will
purchase the Branstetter Tile Works, at Wooster, Ohio,
and operate same.

IDEAL

Concrete Machines

A NEW WAY
TO SELL
CEMENT

There is sale
for cement
in the form
of Concrete
Building
Blocks a s
well as in
Barrels and
bags.

The Ideal
Concrete Ma¬
chine makes
building
blocks rom sand,
gravel and cement,
and will help any
dealer in building ma¬
terial double sales and
increase profits.

Adaptable as to size of block
and countless designs of face
and natural stone effect.

Ideal Concrete Mc’h’y Co.

| Ideal Concrete "Blocks are
adapted to any building purpose.
Will undersell and outsell all
other materials.

Wonderfully simple. No
chains, springs or gears.

Dept. W.
South Bend

Ind.

Catalogue and fortune mak¬
ing facts on application.

“Mussens Limited, Montreal,
Sole Agents for Canada”

DIRECT HEAT

DRYERS

- FOR -

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

62-64 William St. NEW YORK CITY

OL7SY RECORD.

Chenneuer Bros., Druggists at Roanoke, Ind., have pur¬
chased a one-half interest in the tile mill and same will
he improved.

The Taylor-Thomas Brick Co., Crystal Springs, Miss.,
have started making brick. Manager Thomas says that
he is swamped with orders.

The Arvada (Colo.) Shale Brick Co., has been incor¬
porated with $75,000 capital stock by James J. Cooks,
O. J. Fowler and H. H. Coon.

The Gulf States Brick Co., Beaumont, Texas, has been
incorporated with $250,000 capital stock. E. M. Loeb,
Sam Parks, T. J. Feibelman and R. M. Hallowed.

The plant of the Kattanning Clay Products Co., at Cow-
anshannock, Pa., will be in operation by the last of April.
Will Hilton is directing the construction.

The Harbison-Walker Co., of Pittsburg, Pa., have pur¬
chased a site for a plant at East Chicago, Ind., for a fire
brick plant that will require 250 hands to operate.

The Logan Brick Supply Co., Toledo, Ohio, has been
incorporated with $10,000 capital stock by Wm. G. Nich¬
ols, Francis Long, Alonzo Reilly, C. W. Filer and Wm.
Sandys.

The A. W. Bender Realty & Brick Co., Utica, N. Y.,
has been incorporated with $20,000 capital stock. The
directors are A. W. Bender, D. D. Bender and W. A.
Douglass, all of Utica.

The Windsor Park Brick Works, York, Pa., have
bought the plant of the York Brick Works, and will im¬
prove and operate same, John F. Raeyling and W. S.
Souders are the owners of the company.

The Chmelewski Patent-kiln on page 41 of this issue
of the Clay Record is worth investigation.

A company is being organized at Searchy, Ark., for the
manufacture of brick and tile that will cost $10,000.

John Arbogast has gone from Farmer City, Ills., to
Lumberton, Miss., to make brick. His son Fred preceded
him.

The Jacobs Brick Co., Berlin, Ct., has filed a certificate
of organization. M. E. Jacobs is president, L. S. LeClair,
secretary and treasurer.

Material is on the ground to rebuild the plant of
the Defiance (Ohio) Tile Mills Co., which was destroyed
by fire last fall. New machines are likely to be installed.

Christ Diehl, Jr., and Jacob Baltes, Defiance, Ohio, have
bought out the two H. C. Monen Brick plants and will
operate same. Under the new management both plants
will be improved.

The Cooly Ball and Sagger Co., Mayfield, Ky., has been
organized for the purpose of developing clay lands at
Clay Switch. Mattie Cooley, J. W. Cooley and W. N.
Jeffrey are the owners.

V. T. Price, Rapid City, S. Dak., has purchased the
Marshall Brick Co.’s holdings and will overhaul and en¬
large same. The new company will be known as Rapid
City Brick & Tile Works.

The Crucial Fire Brick Co., Rome, Ga., has been in¬
corporated with $30,000 capital stock, C. N. Fuller is the
chief promoter. The incorporators are R. W. Graves,
J. L. Bass, R. P. Yancey, C. D. McCollister, H. Yacey,
J. M. Graham, R. A. Denny and S. A. Marshall.

The Burning Question is Solved

THROUGH THE

CHMELEWSKI PATENT KILN

A clever combination of the common updraft and the
modern continuous down draft Kiln.

The limit of simplicity and effectiveness.

Gives thoroughly well burned, clean colored bricks
without any cracks.

Saves about 60 to 70 per cent fuel and can be burned
with almost any kind.

Daily capacity up to 100,000 bricks. For descriptive
pamphlet write to

Dr. HERMAN RABERGH

Sole Agent in the U. S. A. and Canada

24 Cottage Ave. - Fitchburg, Mass.

CL-7SY

FOR SALE

W. H. VANDER HAYDEN,

Ionia, Mich-

ENGINES AND BOILERS

Corlis engines, 20x48, 18x36, 16x42, 12x36. Also 40
other sizes and styles in stock.

Boilers, Tubular, 84x18, 78x16, 72x18. Also 60 other
styles and sizes in stock.

Send specifications of your requirements and we
will make you a proposition that will interest you.

THE RANDLE MACHINERY CO.

1732 Powers St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

FOR SALE CHEAP.

One Monarch Brick Machine No. 166, capacity
35,000. One Brewer Clay Crusher, one Sander and
Dump Table, four Brick Barrows, three Brick Trucks.
About 16,000 Eath Pallets. Shafting and Pulleys.
All the above are in good condition. Will sell all or
part to suit purchasers. Address,

PFEFFER & SON.

Gettysburg, Pa.

BRICK AND TILE MACHINERY AT SACRIFICE

Where a country is tiled, factories are offered
complete, or in part. Cheap. Have several Brewer
Mills for sale, and others.

Engines, Boilers, Crushers. Drying Pipes, etc. If
you wish to buy or sell write

Brick and Tile Machinery

Secor, Ill -

FOR SALE.

An up-to-date brick plant. Capacity 35.000 brick
Cheap fail and labor. Fine shipping facilities and
an abundance of pure loose clay, l.ocal demand
takes almost entire output at good price. Will bear
close investigation. Good reason for selling.

Address, WM. M. READ,

Princeton, Ind.

STEAM SHOVEL WANTED

A second-hand Steam Shovel, small or medium
capacity, in good condition, is wanted by

STRAIGHT BROS. CO.

Fonda, Iowa

FOR SALE OR LEASE

A thoroughly modern up-to-date Brick Plant with a
capacity of 20 000 to 25,000 per day. Make all kinds
of brick. Good shale. Donn draft kilns and the best
of machinery, including dry press.

CLAY CENTER BRICK CO

Clay Center, Kansas

A COMPLETE BRICK-MAKING OUTFIT
FOR SALE CHEAP

We are consolidating our paving brick plants. This
throws out of use.

One Center Crank, 100 horse power Engine.

Two Boilers, 50 horse power each.

One Feed Pump.

One eight foot Frost Dry Pan, wood frame,

One Elevator. One Pug Mill.

ODe Augur Machine, 50,000 capacity.

One FreeselAutomatic Cutter.

Shafting, Pulleys and BeltiDg. All in good working
order and valued at over $5000. Will sell same cheap.
Immediately delivery

STREATOR PAVING BRICK CO. .

Streator, Illinois

FOR SALE.

Right and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

BRICK YARD FOR SALE.

Brick Yard for sale cheap. A bargain to the right
party. Good market at hand. For further informa¬
tion address

BRIOKMAKER,

Care Clay Record, Chicago, III.

FOR SALE AT A BARGAIN.

One Semisteel Company’s Sampson Sand-lime
Brick Press in good condition, used but a short time.

Address W. P. BRUBAKER,

Jacksonville, Fla.

FOR SALE

One Chambers pug mill, practically new, sufficiently
large for any output. A first class machine in every
respect. Address

ALONZO CURTIS BRICK CO..

Grant Park, Ills.

MACHINERY FOR SALE

The following machinery not used by us but all
in good condition, will be sold at very reasonable
prices.

One Penfield Single Mould Power Re-Press, capa¬
city 10,000 a day.

Two Fate Company Bensing Automatic Side cut¬
ting tables. American PJnameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave., New York.

FOR SALE

20,000 Wooden Pallets, 32 inches by 10 inches, ¥a
inch lumber, legs 3^ inches high, 1% inches thick.
A bargain if taken at once. Address

JASPER ADAMS
Battle Creek, Mich.

FOR SALE

One Second hand Four Mould Dry Press, in good
order. One of the best presses on the market.
Answer quick if you want it.

Address G. care Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Two complete sets brick making machinery, in
eluding Chambers brick machines, elevators, clay
rolls, granulators, hoists etc.

ILLINOIS BRICK CO..

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

For Sale— 75 Acres; 60 feet of .vhale.

10 feet ot Fire Clay, 3 feet of Coal developed.
Excellent conditions Railroad track.

Price, $15,000, Address.

NEW CENTRAL COAL CO.

Terre Haute, Ind.

FOR SALE— CHEAP— New and re-laying rails, 12,
16, 20 and 25 pound. For prices, address

ATLAS CAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FIRE CLAY FOR SALE

On one hundred and sixty acres, N. Y. C. w. R.,
at Salt Lick Siding, near Kartbaus, Pa. Expert
after careful examination reports 350,000 to 400,000
tons.

We have our own railroad over property and
are mining the coal. We desire to sell clay either
at lump sum, on royalty, or delivered on cars at
mines.

The clay has been thoroughly tested and the
deposits are opened on the property in several
places for examinations.

Chas. H. Thompson.

18th and Indiana Avenue,
Philadelphia, Pa.

FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE

45 ton, 1% yard Vulcan Steam Shovel in first class
condition. Price $3500.

One No. 2 Giant Brick Machine, made by the
American Clay Machinery Co.

One large sized Granulator.

One set ot Large Sized Rolls.

Fifty double deck Brick Cars.

Large quantity of rails and steam pipe.

STEGER BRICK CO.

Suite 306. 145 La Salle St., Chicago, Ill.

POSITION WANTED

Young man wants position as manager or superin¬
tendent stiff mud brick yard. Small face brick
yard preferred. Best references. Address

Pittsburg, care Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

We offer for sale at a sacrifice the fol¬
lowing BOYD Presses :

One 3 Hold Standard 1891 Pattern
Two 4 Hold Standard 1897 Pattern
All in good condition. Inspection in¬
vited. Immediate shipment.

Harrison= Walker Refactories Co.,

Farmers Bank Building,

Pittsburgh, Pa.

No better made, cut from
I $3 and $10. lo

4 Wheel, $3.00

5 Wheel. $3.25
Guaranteed.

Sold by all dealers
R. A. HART. 41 White St.„ BATTLE CREEK, MICH

FOR SALE OR TRADE.

Two Brick and Tile Plants in Iowa and Illinois,
now running. Address,

THE KILN DOCTOR,

514 Fourth Street, Dayton, Ohio.

BRICK PLANT TO LEASE

Will lease my brick plant at Sutton to good party
for one-third profit or one-fifth of the out-put.
Plenty of good clay. Good market.

S. HUNZIKER,

Sutton, Neb.

A FORTUNE FOR A BRICKMAKER

Brick Manufacturing Plant to Lease

From the estate of the former owner who died
recently, I have acquired a complete brick-yard
plant equipped with sheds, grinding pits, kilns, etc.,
and including nearly 30 acres of practically unlim ted
deposits of pressed-brick clay. iK miles from center
of city. Labor cheap and plentiful. ALONGSIDE
READING RAILROAD. 30 miles to Philadelphia,
60 miles to New York. Capacity of yard run by
horse-power 3 millions. By equipping plant with
some machinery could produce 10 to 12 mJlions.
Common brick sold in Trenton last year for from
$8.50 to $12.50; pressed brick, $16.00 to $20.00. Market
unlimited.

If you can command capital to run the business,
this is the chance of a lifetime. Will lease on rent-
on royalty basis. Triflers need not apply Telephone,
telegraph or write me at once, giving references or
reasonable evidence of your ability to command capi¬
ta], and state probable quantiry of bricks you would
expect to make. ALBERT BRANDT,

Trenton, New Jersey.

Paper Joggers quoted.

POSITION WANTED

Position by experienced and practical brickmaker
as superintendent of a stiff-mud or dry-press brick
plant. Experienced in burning brick and care of
kilns and machinery. Address,

W. S. Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Illinois.

PARTNER WANTED

A good, reliable man of experience, with some
capital to invest in and take charge of a new Dry
Press Brick Plant. Plenty of shale, and good mar¬
ket for all the brick. Address

DENIS, care Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

YARD TO LEASE

C. M. 345 Ohio St., Chicago.

CONCRETE BLOCKS

ARE DURABLE, HANDSOME
AND INEXPENSIVE

Big Money Made by Manu¬
facturing Them

NO IDLE
DAYS

PETTYJOHN PORTABLE
BLOCK MACHINE

Is the Best, Fastest & Simplest
GUARANTEED

Sent on Trial Catalog Free

PETTYJOHN CO.

622 N. Sixth SI.

TERRE HAUTE. . . IND.

Latest Improved Wonder of the Age

I now propose to give
all a chance
to try

The Swift System

by remodeling one
kiln or building one
new one for $1 00.00.
Write for particulars to

E. F. SWIFT

514 West Fourth St.
Dayton, Ohio.

The

American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902

S A. OH NAW , MICH.

Improved Komnick Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

CLAY WOrKr^SHAND-BOOK

A Manual for all Engaged in the
Hanufacture of Articles from Clay

JUST OUT : : PRICE $2.00

NOW READY— A TREATISE ON

PRODUCER-GAS and
GAS-PRODUCERS

BY AN ACKNOWLEDGED AUTHORITY.

A 300-page book containing thirty chapters, giving the fundamental
principles and definitions, calculations, classifications, manufacture and
uSejthe fuel, the requirements, the history, its by-products, Producer-
Gas for firi ng kilns, steam boilers, and power plants. The
future of the Gas-producer and a bibliography. ;

OVER lOO CHOICE ILLUSTRATION'S — PRICE, '$4.00.

A subscription to the CLAY RECORD for one year without ;'additional
■ ^charge to those that are not now subscribers. ^

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO, ILL.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Go.

Marion, Ind.

Main Yard and Office Branch Yard Banister River,

South Boston, Va. Branch N. 4 W. Ry,

; BOSTON BRICK COMPANY
Manufacturers of Plain and Fancy
Brick, Cement Brick and Blocks
H. W. Cosby, Superintendent and General Manager.

South Boston, Va., January 19, 1907.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co.,

Marion, Ind.

Gentlemen: —

As regards the Rust Clay Feeder we bought of you last year, will say
it has been in use in our branch yard at Houston, Va , since last July and
is giving PERFECT SATISFACTION. It practically saves us two men
besides doing the work BETTER and with REGULARITY.

Yours truly.

Signed by H. W. Cosby, Supt. and Gen. Mgr. BOSTON BRICK CO.

FOR SALE

A Fine Opportunity

The Tiffin Wagon Company, - - Tiffin, Ohio

CLHY RECORD.

TO SOFT MUD BRICK MAKERS

We have in the AMERICAN PRESSED STEEL PALLET the best pallet ever made. It has features
possessed by no other pallet, and is the strongest and longest-lived.

Let us send you a circular explaining why our pallet is what we claim for it. We’ll send a sample pallet
too, if you want it.

Steel pallets need no repairs. That would save a good many dollars in a year. Write us to-day and give
us a chance to prove wdiat we say.

THE AMERICAN PULLEY CO., 29th and Bristol Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

MAKERS OF “AMERICAN” WROUGHT STEEL PULLEYS.

WHY

MAKE

YOUR

ifwH BRICK CUTTING WIRES

When You Can Buy Ready Hade Cheaper?

BEND FOB. SAMPLES AND PRICES.

GEORGE S. COX, East Liverpool, Ohio.

MANGANESE

FOR. ALL USES.

. t

LUMP.tiR^^ROUHD

60-70^6 70-B0% 80-90% OXIDE.

Clay Workers Goods a Specialty

SAMPLES and prices on INQUIRY.

KENDALL & FLICK

WASHINGTON, D.C.

For Mortar, Brick, Cement, Blocks, Etc.

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Highest
Award
St. Louis
Exposition
1904

The | RicketsonMineralColors

QUESTION SETTLED

RED

BROWN

BUFF

PURPLE

BLACK

FOR QUALITY AMD STRENGTH

RICKETSON MINERAL PAINT WORKS, Milwaukee, Wis.

Carbonate

ot Barytas

The only preventative for scum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHAIiIa

005 NFW VOPK’ P.O.Box
Pearl Street TT 1 1710

EXPERT SERVICE

WE HAVE

CHIEF BURNERS

For Sewer Pipe, Tile, Building
Paving and Front Brick. Will
instruct your men how to obtain
the best results. Get your burn¬
ing to a system. Address
/

ANTON VOGT

Pomona, N. C.

G. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

’ A ]

Something New In Brick Kilns and Dryers £

The Dennis Double Cham-
31 her Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of advantage that
appeal to practical brick -
makers. Patented Aprils,
1908 and September 8, 190S .
Brick plants installed an> 1
put in operation. Write fo •
booklet. Correspondenc i
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145. Water St.. Norfolk, Vs.

~VrNy'~Vt W* W V W WAP

AA.A.A.AAAA a A. AA.AA. AAAAA AAA A A AAAA A.A.A.A. A AAA. A AAAXA44

TYTTTT tTTTTTYTYT ytyyy yyy y yty yytytytt

Absolutely tafa and reliable.

Aak your friend a

A WOODEN TOWER

Is a source of annoyance and danger. It is
liable to rot and collapse at any time. A

CALDWELL STEEL TOWER

is safe, staunch and durable and will carry
four times the weight of the filled tank.
Expensive labor is not necessary to erect
these outfits, your own men can do it. We
furnigh all plans.

Send for illustrated catalogue and price list.

^ W. E. CALDWELL CO., • Louisville, Ky. 1

44AA4AAA4AAAAAAAA4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAaaaa

“THE CHILD’S”
EXTINGUISHER

Salesmen Wanted.

O. J. CHILDS COMPANY

Sole Manufacturers,

UTICA, N. Y.

PERFECTION BRICK MOULDS

These are the
kind of Brick
Moulds the Brick
Makers have al¬
ways wanted but
could not get till
now. Y ou can
get a mould that
the vents are
right all the time
No change
whether the
Mould is vet or
dry. Try a sam¬
ple order. Satis¬
faction guaran¬
teed.

PATENTED JAN. 28, 1902.

THE ARNOLD-GREAGER CO.

Manufacturers of Brick Machinery
and Supplies of all Kinds.

NEW LONDON, OHIO.

TWO PAPERS FOR THE PRIGE OF ONE

BOTH PATERS FOR $1,00

d $ $ BOX 846 $> S> 3>
ATLANTA, GA.

THE SOUTHERN ARCHITECT

A A A WfA Afc-

Their Occurence, Properties and Uses

With special reference to those of the
United States, by Heinrich Ries Ph. D.

8 Vol. 490 pages, 65 figures, 44 plates

PRICE $5.00 NET

Clay Record Publishing Co.,

Chicago, Illinois.

V V V V V VWNT VAiF V W

►
>
>
>

>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>

BBflflBBBBBBBBBBBI

Brick Moulds and
Brick Barrows

With Moulds and Barrows it is not the first
cost, but it is, will they last? We have made
them for over 30 years and know your wants.

All kinds and shapes. A trial order will con¬
vince.

James B. Crowell & Son,

Wallkill, N. Y.

IBBflBSSBBflS!E3nCISB8BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBaBBBBI

{ H. JUL DEAVITT,

PRACTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMIST,
Garden City Block,

CHICAGO.

Analyses of Clay, Sand, Lime, Cement Materials and
Shales a specialty.

Special attention given to the preparation of Clay Pro¬
ducts from the raw material.

A well equipped laboratory and long experience in this
branch of work enables us to give expert reports on obtaining
glazes on refractory materials.

All enquiries in regard to the above will reoeive prompt
attention.

4 4jVT^\w» Gas and

1>ICW Cd d Gasoline Engines

and GAS PRODUCERS

If you want a perfect built, and successful running Gas
Engine, order the New Era, which has our Patented Water
Jacketed Solid Cylinder Head, requiring no Packing. We
use a Strap Style Connecting Rod, which never breaks, Aux=
iliary and Regular Exhaust, Make and Break Electric Igniter.
We have more good points in the construction of the New Era
than any other Gas Engine built. Sizes from to 150 Horse
Power

For Catalogue and further information, write to

THE NEW ERA GAS ENGINE CO ■ 9£^1)ALE AVe!

JEFFREY MACHINERY

FOR MILLS, FACTORIES, MINES,
INDUSTRIAL AND POWER PLANTS

SEND FOR CATALOGUES. ADDRESS

JEFFREY MFO. OO.

COLUMBUS, OHIO, U. 3. A.

New York — Chicago — Boston — St. Louis — Denver

Grinding Pans— Dry and Wet |

Tell us the kind of material and capacity you
have and we will quote you accordingly.

We make CRUSHERS also.

Phillips & McLaren - -

Pittsburg, Pa.

Philadelphia, Pa.

BORTON & TIERNEY CO.

EASTERN SALES AGENTS

rvv v v vvv w wv v

HICKS CLAY CO.

MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF

Best grade clays which can be manufactured into
anything known to the clay trade.

We have an inexhaustible supply covering 230
acres’and 70 feet deep. Unexcelled facilities for prompt
shipments and can load any amount at any time.

All clays 75 cents per ton, f. o. b. for this year only.

We also offer special inducements for parties desiring
to locate and will entertain any] legitimate proposition
even to furnishing one-half of the capital for'any sized
plant.

We are located advantageously at junction point of
the Chicago & Alton R. R."and also on the C. B. & Q.,
70 miles north of St. Louis, Mo.

Samples and analysis of all clays sent free upon
request. Correspondence solicited.

H. C. WORCESTER, Secy. CHAS. T. HICKS, Pres.

R00DH0USE, ILL. DRAKE, ILL.

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

A well-tried and
proven Success.

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

Price Right,
Write Us

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,

(Patented.)

ALL STYLES

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

IKTILiES, OHIO

(

OLHY RECORD,

HARDENING CYLINDERS

FOR SAND LIME-BRICK IN STOCK
FOR IMMEDIATE DELIVERY

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO., troy, n. y.

Subscribe for the Clay Record

IT IS THE ONLY CLAY JOURNAL PUBLISHED IN AMERICA

Twice Per Month

Only One Dollar

THE TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR CO.

1856 - CUYAHOGA FALLS, OHIO, U. S. A. - 1907

COMBINATION MILLS

Twice the capacity of a wet pan and at
less horse power.

SAVE THE UNNECESSARY HANDLING

NO DRY PAN GRINDING. NO DUST
ELEVATOR. NO EXPENSIVE STOR-
AGE BINS. NO DUST SHUTES.

Take the short, high grade road

FROM INVESTMENT TO SUCCESS.

Purchase “Vaughn’s” modern machinery
and insure against loss or delay.

SEWER PIPE AND- TILE* PRESSES, NOZ¬
ZLE, SLEEVE AND RUNNER BRICK
MACHINES. DRY AND WET PANS,
PIPE, TILE, CONDUIT AND OTHER DIES.

ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON COMPLETE
EQUIPMENT.

PATENTED

NINE FOOT COMBINATION MILL

THE PARENT OF RAPID GRINDING AND TEMPERING.

PAN AND RECIPROCATING WHEELS

REVOLVING

CLHY RECORD. <»

Sand Lime Brick Machinery

FURNISHED BY

THE SEMISTEEL COMPANY

CLEVELAND - - - OHIO

Write for Further Information

ADVERTISE:

- - - IN THE^ -

CLMY

RECORD

IT PAYS HANDSOMELY

SAND-LIME BRICK MACHINERY

Furnished and Installed by the

International Sand=Lime Brick Machinery Co.

(Incorporated under the laws of the State of New York)

Under the Safest and Strongest Guarantees.

Inventors and Owners of the “Division Method” (patented in
the United States and all Foreign Countries)

Write for information to the

International Sand-Lime Brick & Machinery Co.

156 Liberty Street
NEW YORK

Hi'- . '

HANDLE YOUR CLAY
WITH ONE MAN AND

The Thew Steam Shovels

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 2 Shovel— Pioneer Fireproofing Co., Ottawa, Ill.

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

“Be sure you are right, then go ahead,”

G. E. Luce Engineering Co.

(G E. LUCE, Practical Mechanical Engineer)

Sixth Floor, Plymouth Bldg., 303 Dearborn St.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Designer and Constructor for all

Kinds of Clay=Working Plants

B. uilding, paving and pressed brick, tile, hollow block and fire-proofing plants
plan and specifications prepared.

Designed and reconstructed several of the largest plants in this country.

Years of experience in this particular field, and formerly engineer in charge
of construction for the Illinois Brick Co. of Chicago.

Machinery, drying and burning troubles corrected.

Examination of properties, clays tested, and advise as to the possibilities of
success of either old or new plants.

CLAY RECORD.

No. 64 Nine Foot Pan

New Desig'n— Nothing LiKe It

Note the Strength, Note the Convenience, Note the Capacity

IF, YOU WANT QUALITY— A FULL VALUE FOR THE MONEY—

YOU HAVE IT HERE

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY COMPANY - -

BUCYRUS, OHIO
U. S. A.

CLHY RECORD.

DRY PRESS BRICK

MACHINERY

All joints carefully fitted. All gearing heavy
and strong. Side frames massive. Adjustable
mold feed and pressure. Long dwelling pres¬
sure. Smooth, dense, perfect brick.

We build Stiff, Soft Mud and Sand-Lime
Brick Machinery, all kinds of Dryers and their
equipment. We build all our own Dryers
and can guarantee them.

THE

American Clay Machinery Co.

BUCYRUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

STIFF MUD BRICK MACHINERY

We build other machines, larger and smaller capacity, same
quality. We build everything needed to make clay products.
Also Dryers that we can guarantee. Write for catalog.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

Your Choice of Cutters©
Your Choice of Movements

No. 62 HAND-POWER ROTARY BRICK CUTTER

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

w E BUILD the most dependable line
sand-lime brick machinery on the
market including every tool appliance
or machine required in a modern
sand-lime brick-plant. Our cata¬
logue of this line of machinery
is yours for the asking. It
tells of the quality of each
machine and quality of
machinery is the key¬
stone of success in
the manufacture
of sand-lime
brick.

The

We also
build a full
line of machinery
and appliances for
making clay products
by all processes. Write
oncerning your needs.

American

Clay Machinery

Company

WILLOUGHBY, OHIO, XT. S. -A..

LOCATIONS
FOR POniRIES, BRICK j AND
TILE PLANTS ~~

The very finest deposits of Kaolin, Fire and other Clays in
great abundance along thej __

LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE RAILROAD

In the States of KENTUCKY. TENNESSEE, ALA¬
BAMA, GEORGIA, MISSISSIPPI, and FLORIDA.
Cheap Fuel. Good Markets. Unexcelled Transporta¬
tion Facilities. For further particulars, address

Q. A. PARK,

General Immigration and Industrial Agent

LOUISVILLE, - KY.

^University of Iflltnois

Colleges and Schools of Literature and
Arts, Science, Engineering, Agriculture,
Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy,
Library Science and Education.

DEPARTMENT OF CLAY WORKING AND CERAMICS

ESTABLISHED IN 1905]

Offers] opportunities to students wishing technical
instruction which will help them to overcome the dif¬
ficulties confronting the manufacturer of clay products.

Free scholarships arelopen to regular students from
Illinois. Laboratory expenses reasonable.]

For further information address the Registrar,
W. L. Pillsbury, or the Director,

Professor C. W. ROLFE,

Urbana, Illinois.

SYSTEM”

CAN DO FOR YOU

The “SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”

offers you the opportunity of
entering into the manufacture
of the coming building ma¬
terial

SAND LIME

This brick is strong and
durable. It can be manufac¬
tured in less time and at a
mwer cost than any other
brick on the market.

OUR SCIENTIFIC

t sm

SYSTEM

will enable you to manufac¬
ture SAND LIME BRICK of the

very highest quality in less
than 24 HOURS.

The “SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”;

is the only system which
ABSOLUTELY INSURES uniform
quality of product. Our Pre¬
paring machine “RELIANCE”
is practically AUTOMATIC in
its operation, mixing and
preparing the raw materials
with the utmost precision,
yet requiring the services of
hut OnE COMMON LABORER to
operate it.

We are ENGINEERS and
CONTRACTORS to the SAND
LIME BRICK INDUSTRY land
will erect and equip your
plant with the machinery of
the SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM” and
start you on the road to suc¬
cess.

Write us for particulars and we can
undoubtedly refer you to a plant
equipped by us and situated
in your vicinity

StND FOR CATALOG No'. 18

MS'S®

amts.

ss&a&s&srmifi

SCM^SYSTIM mmK

GLHY RECORD.

SATISFACTION

Is the only code word we can use for our WASTE HEAT DRYER.

GET CATALOGUE No. 56 S

NEW YORK BLOWER CO. 25th PI. and Stewart Ave. Chicago

BOOKS YOU NEED IN YOUR BUSINESS

The Repair and flaintenance of Machinery

By Thomas W. Barber, C. E. A hand book of practical
notes and memoranda for engineers1 and machinery users,

166 pages— 417 illnstrations— S vo., cloth . . $3.50

How to Run Engines and Boilers

By Egbert Pomeroy Watson. A practical instruction for
young engineers and steam users. 125 pages — illustrated —

16 mo., cloth . ; . $1.00

A Handbook of Engineering Laboratory Practice

Calcareous Cements

By G. R. Redgrave, C E. Their nature properties, and use.

Tha composition and process of making Portland and other

cements, analysis and cost . $3.50

American Cements

Bo Uriah Cummings. A treatise on the nature and prop¬
erties of natural and artificial hydraulic cements. 299
pages— Illustrated— 16 mo., cloth . $3.00

Notes on Concrete and Works In Concrete

By B. D. Butler. Asso. M. Inst. C. E. A complete treatise
on the manufacture, testing and use of Portland cement.
Contains 360 pages, 85 illustrations, 8 vo., cloth bound, price $6.00

Architects’ and Engineers’ Hand Book of Reinforced
Concrete Construction

This book describes and explains thoroughly the various
forms of modern concrete construction. 172 illustrations,

218 pages. Price . $2.00

The Blasting of Rock

In mines, quarries or tunnels. A. W. & Z. W. Daw. A com¬
plete book giving weight of blast, how, when and where to
make it. 270 pages— 8 vo., cloth . .. . $6.00

Steam Boilers

By James Peattie. Their management and workings on
land and sea— very complete. 230 pages— 12 mo., cloth . $2.00

The Pottery aud Porcelain of the United .States

Ay Edward Lee Barber, A. M., Ph. D. 290 illustrations
Octavo., gilt top . 93.50

The Story of the Potter

By Charles F. Binns. A popular account of the pottery and
porcelain industry. 250 pages— Illustrated— 16 mo . 75

Architectural Pottery

Translated from the French. Bricbs, tiles, pipes, enamelled
terra cotta, stoneware, mosaics, faiences, and architectural
stoneware. In two parts. 8 vo., 496 illustrations. Price . $7.50

Notes on Pottery Clay

The distribution, properties, uses and analysis of ball clays,
china clays, and china stone. Crown— 8 vo., 132 pages, price. $1.50
Chemistry of Pottery

By Simeon Shaw. The chemistry of the Several natural
and artificial heterogeneous compounds used in the manu¬
facturing of porcelain, glass and pottery. 750 pages, price .$5.00

Engineering, Practice and Theory

By W. H. Wakeman. 184 pages— 5x7^6 inches. Price . $1.00

Silicon-Calcareous Sandstones (Sand Lime Brick)

By Ernst Stoffler. Treats on the formation of artificial brick
made from a mixture of lime and sand under the influence
of moisture. Raw materials, methods, manufacture.

Shows outline drawing of factories, elevations to detail.

Ground plans and Sectional Elevations, .price .

Brick, Tiles and Terra Cotta

261 engravings— 8 vo., cloth . $10.00

Transactions of the American Ceramic Society

Containing the papers and discussions of the society. The
most complete information published. 6 vols. Price, each. *4.00

Manual of Ceramic Calculations

This book was compiled with great care and most com¬
plete. Price . . . $1.00

$1.00

Will be sent postpaid on receipt of prlcec

ORDErIPtO CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY, ^303 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO, U. S. A.

A Letter Which Will Interest Brick Makers

Illinois Brick Company

GEO. C. PRUSSING, President

A J WECKLER, VICE-PRESIDENT
C D. B. HOWELL, Treasurer
WM. SCHLAKE, Purchaser
C. B. VER NOOY, Auditor

W. M. LEGNARD, SUPERINTENDENT
J H GRAY. Sales Department

NINTH FLOOR. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
PHON E MAIN 17

Chicago. Jan. 4, 1907.

The Barron Dryer Co.,

84 La Salle St., Chicago.

Gentlemen:

It may be of interest to you to know that we havs made on our
Yard 17, in 1906, 52,551,400 brick, in 2,083 1-2 working hours, and
have dried them satisfactorily on your 18 track dryer.

Very truly yours,

ILLINOIS BRICK COMPANY.

President .

Barron Tender Clay Dryer, Which DOES THE WORK

We construct and install Dryers adapted to drying all clay
products With greatest perfection and economy in fuel and labor

BARRON DRYER CO., 84 La Salle St., CHICAGO, ILL.

CLHY RECORD.

MARTIN ■ LANCASTER

PENNSYLVANIA,

Horse Power Machine

You

Need

The "MARTIN” famous
Style “B” Steam Power
Brick Machine

Cutting Table

Up=to=Date Brick Yard Builders

Auger Brick Machine

m WORLD
OVER

IT HAS BEEN PROVEN BEST
BY ACTUAL TESTS

CLAY

WORKERS

HAVE THOROUGHLY TESTED
THE “ MARTIN ” MACHINERY

Barrows and
Trucks

STYLE "P

built of all Iron
and Steel

Built for Hard
Work

Write Us
We

Have What

CTYIF «‘Am Brick Machine Ha
O&ILL you seen it Work?

av«

When it conies to

Laying Your Plans for the
betterment
of your
Brick
Plant

k iHQtDpj p^HOinj qp^jH OE>Hf^ i&

CLHY RECORD.

THE MARTIN RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK

“DRYER SYSTEM”

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699509
October 10, 1905. No. 95520
November 14, 1905, No. 804489

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFG. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

►^OKQcJOiW Q2h<>0 $

MONARCH STOCK BRICK MACHINE
Capacity,, from 80,000 5CUXX>

THE QUAKER

Horse or Steam Power. Capacity, 20.00 to 36j00f>

MIXGK OR TILE MACHINE WITH AUTOMATIC TABLE

B. E. LaDOW, - - Fredonia. Kansas.

Mere’s Wbat One of the Largest Cement Companies in the United States

Says About our “Pittsburg” Drg Pans

Yours truly,

WESTERN STATES PORTLAND CEMENT CO.”

And they tBac%ed up their statement by ordering recently THREE MORE Vans from us

UNITED IRON WORKS COMPANY

General Offices: SPRINGFIELD, MO.

SPRINGFIELD, MO.; AURORA, MO.; IOLA, KAS.; PITTSBURG, KAS.

CHERRYVALE, KAS.; KANSAS CITY, MO.

Si OVER THE WORLD

THESE FAMILIAR SIGNS
MARK SINGER SHOPS

ALL OVER THE WORLD

THE ONLY SHOP WHERE

Singer & Wheeler & Wilson

SEWING HACHINES ARE
SOLD RENTED OR EXCHANGED

SEE SINGER STORE

IN YOUR OWN CITY

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR -MOLD “SPECIAL”

Its Record: More Boyd Presses in actual operation than of all other Press Brick Machines
combined. Write for Catalogue.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.,

Chicago, Illinois

OFFICE AND WORKS: 57th and WALLACE STREETS

CLHY RECORD.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR -MOLD “ACME”

IT’S NAME A GUARANTEE. The Four-Mold Press above illustrated is our latest improved
machine of this design. Over ONE HUNDRED now in use. Especially adapted for working shales.

A BUSINESS PROPOSITION

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.

Chicago, Illinois

OFFICE ANT) WORKS: 5 7th an<l W A LLAC E STREETS

CLHY RECORD.

SAND-LIME BRICK

i (

KKV'

TW- ’

MACHINERY

3 BOYD SlUALWY

MODERN METHODS

NO EXPERIMENTING

Sand-Lime Brick Plants designed and

•

complete machinery equipment furnished,
installed and set in operation. Machinery
and product guaranteed.

Correspondence solicited.

CHISHOLM, „B0YD & WHITE. COMPANY

~ OFFICE AND WORKS, 57th AND WALLACE STREETS

I I

? I

ILLINOIS

CL7SY RECORD.

New White Press

Especially designed for making Sand-Lime
Brick. Strongest, Most Powerful, Most Durable,
and Most Convenient. Molds removable; can
be changed in seven minutes.

Send for Special Press Catalogue.

SAND'LINIE

BRICK

Complete Plants installed, started and operated
until the first 100,000 brick are made. No risks,
delays or expensive experimenting.

Strongest possible guarantees. This is the Only Safe
Method for parties going into any new industry.

Our Latest
Illustrated Booklet
gives all details.
Mailed Free.

AMERICAN SAND-LIME BRICK CO.

1308 GREAT NORTHERN BLDG., CHICAGO

The highest development of the
Art of Brickmaking Machinery
so pronounced by the United
States Government.

The BERG MAKES the highest
grade of fire brick. Can

The BERG for the highest grade
of pressed brick of shale or
clay. It makes all kinds of
shapes and sizes of brick.
Changes from one shape to
another can be made in
less than an hour’s time.

purposes

Three distinct
pressures make
the brick evenly

First - Class W orkman-
ship. Cut Gearing. Fully
Warranted.

pressed ail
through. No
granulated cen¬
ters of the brick.

The BERG makes the
best sand-lime brick and
cheapest because it is the
strongest machine and
gives the highest pres¬
sure. Thirty-five sand-
lime plants in United
States use the BERG

The BERG is
the best for sand
and cement be-
cause of its
strong pressure.
Uses less c e -

LESS

Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY.

The 1905 Berg Press

ment, makes cheaper brick.

For prices and full particulars, address

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO, ONT., CANADA

Auger Machine Combination Machine

UP-TO-DATE MACHINERY

For Making all Kinds of Brick-

Dry Pressed, Wire Cut,
Sand Moulded

Full
Line of
BricKyard
Specialties
and

Supplies

' New White Press New Model Ber£ Press

In addition to our we// known BERG PRESS 9 we are now
bringing out our new WHiTE PRESS for day-brick work . it is
especially recommended for diificuit and refractory day. By far
the most powerful press built. Removable molds , changed in SEVEN
minutes . Special catalogue and full particulars on application.

Something New for 1907

Chicago Brick Machinery Co.

1308 Great Northern Bldg.

Rocking and Bumping Grates
tor Kilns. * Save coal, save labor ,
and do away with checked brick.
Send for “Lecture on Combus¬
tion by f His Satanic Majesty.

Patented

U. S. SELF CLEANING GRATE

In position ready ior use. Part oi frame cut away to show connection below.

CLAY RECORD.

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross=KelIer Triple Pressure Brick Press

ROSS-KELLER

OFFICES FULLERTON BU

The strongest and most efficient Brick

Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

ILDING, . ST. LOUIS, MO.

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use In
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

CLHY RECORD

\ r '

This is the Press That Scott Builds

SCOTT MANUFACTURING CO.

602 Commonwealth Trust Building :: St. Louis, Mo.

Twenty machines in the St. Louis
District alone. Come to our city and we
will show them to you.

We build all the machinery" that
goes to make up

“The Scott
Noiseless
Plant.”

THE ANDRUS FOUR
MOLD PRESS

CLHY RECORD

FOR

CLAY

AND ■;

SHALE

BRICKS

FOR

CEMENT

AND

SAND-

LIME

BRICKS

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

BOYLE AND OLD MENCHESTER, ST. LOUIS, MO.

THE FERNHOLTZ BRICK MACHINERY CO.

MANUFACTURERS OF

DRY PRESSES, PULVERIZERS, MIXERS, ETC.

This Hand Press makes Brick equal in density to those made on a power press.
Every Brick PERFECT. Extensively used for ornamental and special design.

wwwwvywwvyvwwwww wwtfk wwwwwwwww wwwwwvwwwwwwvw wwvmwwww wwww

BRICK MACHINES 1

DRY

RELIANCE DRY PRESS
THE MACHINE OF
THE FUTURE

OLD STYLE TOGGLE MOVEMENTS SUPERCEDED BY NEW

AND BETTER PRINCIPLES

i 9m|

THE ONLY MACHINE not using the Toggle Movement.

THE ONLY MACHINE applying Pressure from the Button.

THE ONLY MACHINE making a Uniformly Pressed Brick.

THE ONLY MACHINE MAKING BRICK WITHOUT GRANULATED CENTERS. '

Every Brick is a Face Brick. 4 Mold Press 20000 per day. 6 Mold Press 3oooo per day.
Adjustment permits any pressure desired, (A Feature peculiar to the Reliance .)
Cheapest because having fewest parts. (Also cheapest to keep in repair.

SIMPLE

STRONG

EFFICIENT

WRITE TO-DAY FOR PARTICULARS.

SEND US A SAMPLE OF YOUR CLAY.

ADDRESS

THE RELIANCE MACHINE AND TOOL WORKS

ST. LOUIS, MO.

— a— — — svwFgrrgg d ini.i — 1 1 n a,-:- ■■■inc-’Mni ■« -

ARE YOU INTERESTED IN A CUTTER
THAT WILL DOUBLE YOUR
PROFITS FOR 1907?

The Hix “Happy Thought” Automatic Cutter will do it. This
Cutter is without an equal as it does what others can not do.
Will cut end or side cut brick, Hollow blocks or conduits any
length or size desired. Tbe capacity is unlimited. No clay
wasted, every brick a perfect one, no complicated machinery to
get out of order and give annoyance.

It Will Pay You to Write Us for Particulars

THE HIX “HAPPY THOUGHT” AUTOMATIC SIDE CUT BRICK CUTTER.

The Wallace Manufacturing Company

FRANKFORT, IND . XT. S. A.

CL.HY RECORD.

GOOD HOISTS

Good Hoists cost less than poor ones. They may cost a
little more in the beginning but much less in the end.

Don’t look for the lowest price, or the highest price, but
for a GOOD HOIST at the right price. Look for weight,
strength, rigidity, reliability, convenience of operation, and
your money s worth.

THE BREWER NO. 28

Is a Good Hoist because it is well designed and built. Drum friction, and brake
wheels cast together in one piece. Frame cast in one piece. Brake and friction
surfaces, large. Bearings self-oiling. Weight 3000 pounds. Both spur and bevel
geared patterns.

Prices Right Grade Right Everything Right

mm n fyCM/ri? Jp tecumseh

Mm m OffH fVLn Of l/l Mm MICHIGAN

CLKY RECORD.

UNION BRICK

ACHINES

We build these Machines in five sizes* Capacities to 10,000

■ \

brick per hour*

Several hundred are in everyday use* They do first-class
work and are convenient, economical and durable. This can be
verified by investigation*

We also build Brick Machines with separate Pug Mill.

Don't forget our Automatic Cutters. They give satis¬
faction.

State your requirements and let us furnish particulars.

}

E. M. FREESE & CO.

GALION - OHIO

CLHY RECORD.

THE FOTTS

HORIZONTAL BRICK MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies, Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & GO., Indianapolis, Ind.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK DRYERS

The largest and best. The drying done
upon an entirely new principle. Brick
made today. Set in Kiln tomorrow.
Thoroughly dry. Will dry the most
tender clay with no loss from cracking.

It has No cars

No transfer cars
No rail
No ties
No fans

No extra engine

No high or expensive stack

The best dryer on the market. Manu¬
factured by

C. & A. POTTS & CO.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

CLHY RECORD.

Machinery for Building Brick

s==AND for STREET PAVERS=

Automatic End Cut Brick Machines of five sizes, having capacity

from 10,000 to over 100,00 brick daily under

favorable conditions.

CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY

E. R. FRAZIER, Chicago Agent,

59 West Jackson Boulevard.

52D AND MEDIA STREETS

PMILADELPMIA, PA

Weight
about
11,000 pounds
G apaclty
2,000 bricks
per hour.

THE PHILADELPHIA REPRESS.

Single Crank'

Movement

Working

Machinery

all above the

Mold Box.

CL7W RECORD.

i ’

— S— Hi^ 'ft' If MVE*

Modern Brie 1
Machinery

NO. 9 AUGER BRICK MACHINE

Capacity 50,000 to 70,000. The Machine for Diffi¬
cult Clays. Heavy Shafts -Steel Gears -Accessibility

12 Ft DOUBLE GEARED PUG MILL TYPE “C”

Heavy Shafts and Large Faced Gears

Write for Our new Circular No. 12 describing some new Models of Brick Machinery

The BONNOT COMPANY

CANTON, OHIO

THE GUILDER

ELEVATING and
LOWERING
BRICK CAR

FOR OPEN AIR SYSTEM OF DRYING

Write us in regard to this car and also let us tell you all about the
“PREMIER” line of Clay-Working Machinery.

The J. D. Fate Company

PLYMOUTH, OHIO

Vol. XXX. No. 7. CHICAGO, APRIL 15, 1907.

THE MANUFACTURE, USE AND BENEFITS OF

DRAIN TILE*

BY B. H. BRIGHT, BRACK RIVER FARRS, WIS.

To write a paper on drain tile reminds me a great deal
of a story. There was once a bully who made a daring
challenge in a certain bar-room where several other fellows
of his type had congregated. With blood in his eye, he
remarked that he could whip any man in town, then of the
county and then of the state, but no one seemed to entertain
his challenge. Finally he declared he could whip any man
in the United States, when a “6-ft. westerner,” who never
takes bluffs, stepped up and handed him out a straight
punch which put Mr. Bully out of business. After re¬
gaining consciousness and sizing up the situation, Mr.
Bully said of himself, that he was all right but his mistake
was made in taking in too much territory. So it is with
me and this subject, I may be all right but I am taking in
too much territory, in fact territory that could be divided
and sub-divided in many ways. Lengthy papers could be
given on subjects pertaining to tile as follows: “Mining
the clay,” The manufacturing of drain tile,” The burning
of drain tile,” “The marketing of drain tile,” “The laying
of drain tile” and “The benefit of tile drainage.” How¬
ever, as our worthy secretary considers me capable of
handling this subject collectively I feel highly elated over
the fact and will endeavor to treat the various steps in
tilemaking as best I can and as my limited experience will
allow.

The process of mining, grinding and pugging the clay
for this particular product is precisely the same as that for
stiff-mud brick. We have only made 3-in., 4-in. and 6-in.
tile, and as they are made they are taken from the cutting
table ajid are then set on ends on the floor in dry sheds.
This method of drying, however, is not satisfactory if they
were to be made on a large scale, for they dry slowly, and
they require too much shed room. If the time is limited
for their drying they should be turned for the reason that
the top ends dry so much faster than the ends nearest the

’“Read at the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Wisconsin Clay-
workers Association at Madison, March 1, 1907.

Seml-Montlily, 91.00 per Year
Single Copies, - lO Cent.

floor. We have never had any experience burning an en¬
tire kiln of tile although I understand this can be done.
We use the lower half of the kiln for brick and the upper
half for the tile, the Hatter bqing $et on ends so as to allow
a good draft (our kilns being down-draft) and with the

3- in. and 4-in. tile placed inside of the 6-in,- As the soft
tile and broken tile are both useless, it is one disadvantage
a tile manufacturer has compared with the brick manu¬
facturer for the latter can dispose of their soft product and
also brick that are somewhat broken, at a little reduction
in the price and they can be used to a good advantage for
inside work. There is but one loss from the tile that has
become broken in the dry shed and that is in the making
for the material can be used over again, but if broken tile
are allowed to go in the kiln or broken in any way after
the burning, a great loss is sustained ; that is the greater
the percentage of these broken tile turned out the less will
be the profit on the manufacturer’s business. Therefore
one should guard against any but perfect tile being set in
the kiln and great care should be taken to see that the tile
are sufficiently burned.

Summarizing this as a whole thus far, I would say, the x
mixing of the clays, their tempering, pressing, handling,
drying, setting in kiln, watersmoking, the raising of heat,
the highest degree of heat necessary to secure the best re¬
sults, the length of time to cool the kiln and the exposure
of the tile to air rushing into the kiln are all important
factors in whole or in part which go towards the making
of good tile. After the kiln is opened the tile are ready
for the market and the price they will bring depends on
the location of the plant, demand for the tile and their qual¬
ity. The average price of them at factory, figuring each
at 12-in. length, in this state is as follows: 3-in., $12.00;

4- in., $16.00; 5-in., $22.00; 6-in., $30.00; and 8-in., $35.00

per M.

We will now leave the factory and take up the uses of
the tile and the benefits derived from them. In the cul¬
tivation of retentive soils, drainage is the key of all im¬
provements.

Farmers frequently desire an improvement in methods

GLKV RECORD,

and in general management of their lands without being
sufficiently informed regarding the specific changes that
will be necessary to bring it about or clear in their minds
as to the profits that would accrue should such changes be
made. When a farmer finds his land too wet for culti¬
vation, he admits the necessity cf drainage for the time be¬
ing, but often hopes that the following season will be more
favorable — which hope is frequently realized — and so takes
the loss as one of the contingencies of the industry.

He waits in the spring for slow natural drainage and
evaporation to relieve his land of the surplus water and
permit the sun to dry and warm the soil sufficiently for the
reception and germination of the seed, when by the aid of
drainage the seeding could be done a week or ten days ear¬
lier. The injury resulting to crops growing upon land
imperfectly drained, when the season is not the most favor¬
able, is frequently taken as unavoidable — one of the vi¬
cissitudes of farming rather than a less to be prevented by
the use of well-located and constructed drains.

Facts which are easily discerned by the casual observer
have pressed the subject of drainage home to both prac¬
tical farmers ami non-resident landowners in a most em¬
phatic way. 1 hose who fiave gone further into the sub¬
ject of soil improvement by drainage have discovered
greater advantages and more surprising benefits than were
formerly thought possible. It is conceded to be a necessary
accompaniment of scientific agriculture and our most pro¬
gressive farmers have taken advantage of it to a greater
extent than is generally supposed. It is an improvement
applicable to all land not possessing natural drainage, and
hence is required for the attainment of the best results from
some of our most fertile land. The farmer, when con¬
vinced that it will be to his interest to construct some kind
of a drainage system for the improvement of his soil, de¬
sires to know how to plan and perform the work in an ef¬
fective way at an expense not exceeding the limit of profit¬
able returns which can reasonably be expected. He will
find it an advantage to have an intelligent idea of the theory
as well as of the practice of drainage in order that he may
c dapt his work to the several varieties of soil and conditions
with which he has to deal.

There are two kinds of conditions which require drain¬
age ; first, land which is wet or marshy, because it is too
fiat to allow surface drainage ; second, land which has suffi¬
cient slope to give good surface drainage but which, on
account of the large amount of vegetable matter or humus
it contains and of its impervious clay subsoil, does not have
good under-drainage. The lack of drainage in the first
case is readily seen and understood, but the importance
of drainage in the second case is not generally recognized,
although its benefits are as great as in the case of marshes.

The process of artificial drainage is carried on in two
ways: The surface drainage and the under drainage.

Surface drainage, as commonly understood, is accomplished
by open ditches while under drainage is carried on by the
use of tile altogether.

The open ditches, aside from being used as a main, are
not profitable to the farmer for various reasons which I
will explain as follows:

( 1 ) Open ditches require space and take valuable land.

(2) They are inconvenient, involving a considerable
amount of turning in cultivating the land, which is an
additional expense.

(3) Animals are liable to get into them and perish,
besides being traps for stock.

(4) They are troublesome on account of the weeds that
will grow along their sides — enough to seed the farm.

(5) They increase the damaging effects of our floods by
net retarding for a time the flow of water.

(6) They carry the fine soil particles and much of the
fertility into the streams and away never to return and the
surface washing of our cultivated lands does more to lose
this fertility than do the crops we grow.

Idle above reasons showing the disadvantage of ditches
are at the same time points making the use of drain tile
preferable.

The following are also facts which go towards proving
the advantages of removing water downward through the
soil by the use of tile :

( 1 ) The surface soil is retained entire instead of the
finest and most fertile parts being carried off with everv
considerable rainfall.

(2) Any plant food in manure or other fertilizer de¬
posited upon the soil is carried into it with the water as it
percolates downward from the surface, and so becomes
thoroughly incorporated with the soil.

•(3) Rain water as it passes through the soil serves a
most useful purpose by dissolving and preparing crude soil
material for the nutrition of plants.

(4) The soil, having been well prepared, is at all times
during the growing season in readiness for the growth of
plants, such growth not being hindered by stagnant water
or saturation.

(5) The frost goes out earlier in the spring, so that the
planting season opens one or two weeks earlier than in the
case of soils affected by surface drains only.

(6) Where stiff clays are found the soil is made more
porous, open and friable and roots penetrate more deeply
than they do into surface drained soils.

(7) The effects of drought are diminished, as has been
found by experience, owing to the enlarged and deepened
soil bed and to the more favorable condition of the surface
for preventing excessive evaporation of moisture.

(8) It aids in making new soil out of the unprepared
elements since it permits a freer entrance of air and atmos¬
pheric heat which disintegrate soil material hitherto un¬
available for use of plants.

(9) Stubborn and refractory soils when drained are fre¬
quently so changed in texture and mechanical structure that
they become easily managed and respond to cultivation with
abundant crops.

A drainage system includes both mains and laterals. The
laterals are usually three or four inches in diameter and dis¬
charge into a main, whose size depends upon the number
and length of laterals entering it. In light soil the laterals
can be placed at from 100 to 150 ft. apart satisfactorily, but
in clay land they should be placed from 60 to 75 ft. apart
and in all cases the grade of fall should be at least one

CLAY RECORD.

inch to every too ft., but the greater the fall, the better will
be the flowage, which in turn gives the best results.

No attempt should be made to make the capacity of the
intercepting drains equal to the combined capacity of the
laterals where a system of thorough drainage is employed.
The size of laterals, where the soils are open and permits
the use of drains ioo or more ft. apart, should be 4 and 5-in.
tile which in some cases may be diimnished to 3-in. at the
upper end. For drains at a less distance apart, 3-in. tile
may be used for laterals. They are usually required to
carry only a small part of their full capacity in order to
relieve the soil of its surplus water. To do this well, how¬
ever, they should not be quite full at any time, unless it be
when there is more than ordinary rain fall. They do not
work under a pressure head, hence their velocity of flow
is as great when running half full as when running full.
Water in a drain attains its greatest velocity when three-
fourths full and its greatest rate of discharge when nine-
tenths full.

Since the work of laying the tile is usually more than one-
half the entire expense, and with the cost of laying 3-in. tile
practically the same as that of 4-in. tile, it is poor policy to
put in a small tile where a larger one would do 50 per cent
better work.

It is claimed that there are 2,500,000 acres of low and
marsh land in our state which is only partially productive
and in addition to this there are at least 2,000,000 acres of
upland clay soil which will require underdrainage, this mak¬
ing a total of 4,500,000 acres.- It is estimated that the
thorough drainage of this 4,500,000 acres would increase
its value $1,000,000.

In the care of tile drainage of clay land already under
cultivation, the increase of yield varies from 15 to 50 per
cent. This is a net profit on the cost of drainage, since there
is no increase in expense of cultivation of the land. In fact,
it is easier to work drained land than undrained land. Ex¬
perience shows that drainage usually pays for itself in from
two to four years.

The following are a few instances, in this state, where a
record has been kept of the expenditures in draining cer¬
tain lands and the profits realized from same:

(a) On broad marshes. — The experience of Carl Foil, of
Deerfield, illustrates the benefits to be derived from the use
of tile on marsh areas. Mr. Foil had about 15 acres of
marsh, 70 per cent of which was practically useless. Cattle
often became mired in an attempt to cross it. At no time of
the year was it dry enough to admit of plowing on at least
10 acres of the lowest portion, and indeed, plowing would
be useless when grass was growing in tufts and bogs upon
which water stood almost continually.

The soil consists of black muck and peat to a depth vary¬
ing from 5 to 10 ft., underlaid by a gravelly sub-soil. On
about two acres the gravel lay within three feet of the sur¬
face and here the underdrainage was sufficient that the land
could be used for pasture. After laying the tile in 1901, the
first crop planted was corn, which was injured by the spring
frosts, but finally ripened well. After the corn had glazed,
the crop on a typical square rod was cut and weighed. It
was found that the yield was at the rate of 24 tons and 300

lb. of green fodder per acre. The corn when husked from
the entire field averaged 75 bushels per acre. The first crop
was sufficient to pay for the tiling as well as the top dress¬
ing of manure, while the improvement was a clear profit. On
the following year the yield of green fodder was 17 tons
per acre, and the field was then sown to rye and seeded to
timothy and red top which yielded, in 1905, three tons of
hay per acre.

The results of this first experiment in tiling were so sat¬
isfactory that Mr. Foil has continued the work until, at pres¬
ent, he has tiled 100 acres, all of which gives good satis¬
faction except one field of about 10 acres where the outlet
is faulty.

Mr. Zabel, a neighbor of Mr. Foil, has put tile on about
20 acres. On about one-half of this, the yield has been in¬
creased 100 per cent, but on the remainder the benefit can¬
not be put at more than 50 per cent. On the latter portion,
although the tiles run nearly full after a rain, they do not
remove the water fast enough. A 4-in. tile is too small to
carry off the underdrainage from this 10-acre field. The
water is removed from the tile in course of time, but is
allowed to stand so long after a severe downpour of rain
that the crop is stunted or entirely drowned out.

Nels Holman, of Deerfield, feels that his experiment in
tile-draining marsh for pasture is highly successful. His
land was similar to that of Mr. Foil’s until 1903, when Ed.
Reichenbach, a drainage engineer and contractor of Jeffer¬
son, planned and put in the system. The land is becoming
more firm every year and the grass has begun to grow be¬
tween the bogs where the water formerly stood continually.
At least 10 per cent of the money invested was realized
from the tile in benefit for the first year.

The farms of Joseph Winterling, of the Jefferson County
Asylum and of Ex-Governor Hoard were also visited, mak¬
ing a total of about 500 acres of tiled land investigated, on
80 per cent of which the money in tile yielded 50 per cent
of itself in increased crops each year. Ten' per cent of the
land was merely used for pasture, and the annual income
from the tile was perhaps 10 per cent of the amount in¬
vested. Only in one instance was tile found that did not
work successfully, and, in that case, the cause was a defec¬
tive outlet and the back-water of the river, rather than any
fault of the tile itself.

(b) Pot holes and ravines. — The strongest testimonial
of the benefits derived from the drainage of such locations
is that the practice has spread and gained favor in com¬
munities where it has been tried. About 15 years ago Mr.
Glessig and Mr. Wieglum, prominent farmers living near
Cleveland, Manitowoc County, became interested in the tile
and took a trip to Jefferson, Wis., to study tile and tile
problems. They returned home determined to lay some tile
as an experiment. Today, of the 14 farms which abut the
road extending for 7 miles west of Cleveland, 12 have tile
in greater or less quantities.

Comparatively speaking, Wisconsin farmers are very
ignorant on the drain-tile proposition. Of all the farmers
that have been to our factory after drain tile, after inquiring
into his history invaribly I find he has just moved in from
Illinois and it is safe to say that 90 per cent of our sales
has been to Illinois farmers.

I have heard some of our oldest farmers in this section
while at the factory after brick and noticing a pile of drain
tile, ask what they are used for.

A great deal more could be written on the laying of
drain tile as it is taught in the agricultural course at Madi¬
son, and it is very interesting indeed. Also I might write
several pages on the laws governing drainage which we all
should know, but time will not permit.

CLHV RECORD.

WHAT THE CHMELEWSKI PATENT KILN IS
AND HOW IT WORKS.

It has often been shown that arched continuous kilns
which are commonly used for the burning of brick or simi¬
lar wares, are faulty in many respects, they are either
too costly in construction, of too small capacity, and conse¬
quent small productivity, often producing a large percentage
of poor and inferior quality, which faults and imperfections
have in some countries been the cause of largely curtailing
the use of such kilns ; while in other countries the actual
value of continuous kilns have been doubted.

Experience has thus shown the great need of a kiln so
constructed that these faults and imperfections would be
entirely obviated or remedied.

Of such an approved kiln is the following a full descrip¬
tion :

The object of this invention is to construct and build a
kiln for burning brick and similar wares which will be a
fuel saver, simple in its construction, durable, cheap, easy
to operate or care for, and capable of producing clean-col¬
ored, well-burned and more perfect ware, in quantity four
times exceeding the production of the common continuous
kilns now in use, during an equal period of time.

The construction of the kiln and the art of the invention
is clearly and easily understood from the drawings.

Fig. i is a top view of the Chmelewski, perfected dry¬
ing and burning kiln, a part of which to the left is separated
by a horizontal plane immediately above the bottom of the
kiln, and the rest shows the kiln in its full height, and as
such filled with ware and provided with proper and neces¬
sary arrangements for burning.

Fig. 2 is a side or front elevation of a portion of the kiln.

Fig. 3 is a vertical, transverse sectional view taken on the
plane indicated by the line 3 - 3 in Figure 1.

Figs. 4 and 5 are vertical longitudinal sectional views
taken, respectively, on the planes indicated by the lines
4 - — 4 and 5 — ■ — — 5 in Figure 1.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged, vertical transverse sectional view,

taken on the plane of the line 6 - 6 in Figure 1, with

smoke gathering channel 37 situated in the upper part of
the central wall.

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the continuous
operation of the kiln.

Fig. 8 has the smoke flue 37 situated under the middle
wall.

When comparing figures B and C, one will find through
sectional views that the area of the material piled in this
new kiln, Fig. C, is four times as large as in the common
arched kiln, Fig. B, which latter, on account of the span
of its arch, not without considerable difficulty can be en¬
larged in width.

In connection herewith can be said that the walls in the
new kiln can be increased in height by which the capa¬
city of the burning chamber will be larger. The placing of
the flue under the middle wall, as shown in Fig. 8, has its
advantage in that the whole kiln and its upper construction
can be reduced, and shows also the possibility that kilns
of the Fig. B type can easily be changed under the im¬
proved type in Fig. 8. The burning chambers in the old
arched kilns can be increased in sectional area so as to in¬
crease the capacity two and one-half times its present. The
Chmelewski continuous kiln is made up of one inner or
central wall 21, Fig. 1, 3 and 6; one outer wall 22, Fig. 1,

3 and 6, between which inner side and central wall 21 is an
endless burning channel 23, Fig. 1, 3 and 6, which is so
constructed that it can temporarily be divided into separate
compartments while the kiln is in operation. The com¬
partments are shown in Fig. 1 and 7, and number consecu¬
tively from 1 to 20.

The kiln consists chiefly of two straight sides which are
united at their ends either by round or square walls which

are spaced from the ends of the central or inner wall 21,
the latter being of shorter length than the sides of the outer
wall. These walls, as well as the central wall, may be of dif¬
ferent height or thickness, and built upon such foundation
as is common for not arched field kilns.

The brick or other materials which are to be burned are
introduced into the compartments of the continuous or end¬
less burning chamber 23, through the openings 24, which
openings are placed in proper places and near the bottom
of the outer wall 22. At the bottom of the same outer wall,
between the openings 24, are other small openings 25,
through which the fuel is passed to the compartments in
burning chamber 23, as will be shown later.

When one of the compartments or sections of chamber
23 is filled with green brick, or other ware, the door open¬
ing 24 is closed by brick or masonry. In these temporary
walls or closures is an opening left for firing as is provided
for in the openings 25. The openings 25 as well as those
in the closure of the door 24 left openings are intended for
fuel with which to dry the green brick, that is, to drive out
the moisture in the same and bring it to a temperature of a
little over 100 degrees C., at which temperature, when the
partition shields are taken away, it is not injured by gases
from the goods exposed to considerable higher heat in other
sections of the kiln, as will be later shown.

When the goods in this section after the so-called fore
drying or water smoking are sufficiently dry or have re¬
ceived the needed temperature, close the fire openings 25,
of this section as well as the openings in 24, also, the outlet
openings 31 in the top covering.

The channel 23 has no arch but the mass of brick or
ware to be burned is provided, after being placed in posi¬
tion, with the temporary covering 27, Fig. 6 and 7, which
rests on the brick or the material to be burned. The piling
in of this is done so as to leave small spaces between the
brick, giving the heat room to circulate through the mass of
brick or ware to be burned. In the ware at the bottom of the
burning channel or chamber are arranged lengthwise small
channels 53, Fig. 6 ; and also crossway running channels 54,
Fig. 6, which latter channels one enters straight in from
each fire opening on the outside. Vertically running chan¬
nels 32, Fig. 6, protrude through the covering or top 27,
Fig. 6. This top or covering can best be made of two lay¬
ers of old brick 29, Fig. 6, which are made tight by mortar
over which is spread a covering of dirt or something simi¬
lar, 30, Fig. 6. Of these channels 32, which protrude
through the covering, are during the process of drying
from the fireholes 25. and fireholes 24, only those on the
drawing Fig. 1, chambers 17, 18, 19 and 20, and Figs. 6 and
7 with 31 designated holes open for escaping steam, gases
and smoke.

All other vertical channel openings above the same cham¬
ber are closed. All channel openings as well as those in
mortar fastened 32, and the open 31, are used, during the
later effective burning, as fireholes. They are then freed
from their fastenings in the top and provided with loose,
movable iron caps 34. The heat and products of combus¬
tion from the fuel introduced through the openings 32, and
the gases given off by the brick mass from the effects of the
heat, escape from the burning chamber 23 through outlet
channel 36 at the bottom of the center wall, after first pas¬
sing through a number of chambers filled with the goods of
a decreasing temperature, as the arrows in Fig. 7 in cham¬
bers 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, i' 5 and 16 show.

The channels 36 are constructed so as to connect with the
lengthwise running flue 37 through the middle or central
wall 21, shown on the mentioned drawing Fig. 3, 4, 6 and
C. and situated in the upper part of this wall ; this flue need
not necessarily be placed in the upper part of the central
wall ; it can, as is shown in Fig. 8, be constructed under this
wall and by so doing, the width of the wall may be narrow.

It can, also, be placed in or under or outside the side walls,
or under the burning channel’s bottom, and in the latter
case, through the rising heat, add considerable to saving of
fuel. If proper pipes are arranged about the kiln, the es¬
caping heat may also be used for drying the green material.
Suitable cone-shaped valves 38, Fig. 3, 4 and 6, adjustable
by bars 39, are arranged in the flue 37, reciprocating with
valve seats 40, Fig. 4, at the upper ends of the passages 36,
Fig. 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7, in such manner that the latter may be
readily opened and closed and the draft regulated. The
outlet in the longitudinally extending smoke flue 3 7 is best
located at the center of the kiln, extending downward
through the middle wall and under the foundation of the
fireplace, as shown in 41, with dotted lines in Fig. 3, con¬
necting with a suitable chimney 42. In the center wall 21
is provided a manhole 43, arranged for cleaning the flue 37,
and in this wall are also provided chambers or vacant
spaces 44. Fig. 4, intended chiefly for saving of brick.

passing fuel through the openings 25 and the opening in
which has just been emptied; 3 designates the apartment
from which the finished ware are removed ; 4, 5, 6, 7 and
8 designate the apartments having a various temperature
and in which the burned material is being slowly cooled off,
and through which air is supplied to the two chambers 9
and 10; as the direction of the arrows on the drawing
shows. Fuel is introduced into these chambers through
fire-holes 32 in the covering, to increase the temperature
to such degree as is necessary for the burning of the goods.

11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 designate apartments which
have gradually decreasing temperature and through which
the heat, gases and products of combustion pass from the
fire in chambers 9 and 10, as is also shown by arrows to
outlet 36 in section 16, which leads to ch.mney 42, Fig. 3.

17, 18, 19 and 20 designate apartments temporarily sep¬
arated from each other by movable shields 50. In these
departments the green ware are being dried and heated by

These vacant rooms may be filled with sand or something
similar. On top of central wall 21 is a track 46, Fig. 2, 3
and 6, on which cars may be run for carrying fuel for fire-
holes 32. Along the outside of surrounding wall, shelves
47, Fig- 3, are arranged for storing of fuel. These shelves
are intentionally placed toward the side so that the fuel
will not be exposed to the heat from the covering of the
brick or the heat from the fire-holes situated in this cover-
ing.

At one end of the kiln is a bridge or landing 49, Fig. 2,
for transporting cars up and down.

In dividing the continuous or endless chamber 23 into
sections or compartments in which the brick may be heated
and dried before actual burning, it is provided with tem¬
porary removable partitions or shields 50, Fig. 1, 3 and 7,
which consist of one or more vertically removable plates
or sheets of iron or other fireproof material. The sheets
50 consist of three or more separate pieces or plates, ac¬
cording to the breadth, and as many as 4 or more of these
may be needed at the same time in the kiln shown. These
partition plates slide vertically and are raised or lowered
by means of ropes, cables, chains 51, Fig. 3, running* over
pulleys or rolls 52, arranged for in surrounding construc¬
tion 48. Each of these ropes is with one end attached to the
upper part of the partition shield while the other end hangs
loose within convenient reach of the workman. During,
the process of burning these shields are removed so as to
cut off or disconnect the divisions or chambers in the end¬
less channel 23, in which the fire for drying goes on, as is
explained below.

Figure B. The common Arched Continuous Kiln

The operation of the kiln will be readily understood from
Fig. 7, in which the 20 divisions or compartments in the end¬
less channel 23 are systematically shown by the numbered
rooms or blocks. In Fig. 7. 1 designates the part which is.
being filled with green brick ; 2 designates the apartment

1 * + t * * * *

Figure C. The Chmelewski Patent Kiln

the temporary closed door 24, Fig. 1, 2, 3 and 6, in the side
wall of the kiln.

The fire section 20 has just been started, smoke and
steam are rising through openings 31 in the covering, see
Fig. 1 and 6. The fire in 19, 18 and 17 being each about
a day older than the next adjacent, so that the temperatures
in the departments 17, 18, 19 and 20 vary as indicated.
Smoke and considerable steam rises from No. 19 the same
as in 20. The same can be seen in 18 still passing through
opening 31 in the covering, although the temperature is
there considerably higher. There is very little steam or
smoke rising from 17 as the goods have now been drying
and the temperature now increased to about 100 degrees
C. or more.

The preliminary drying is done in the kiln here described
in the same manner as in the old field kiln, but on account
of the short time of only two or three days, which are need¬
ed for emptying and refilling one chamber, the bottom and
walls do not have time to cool off but retain considerable
heat. The fireholes 25 in the outer wall are, for this reason
made smaller and the distance between them double that of
those in the field kiln. Experience has, however, shown
that the firing for drying is done in a shorter time, and that
the consumption of fuel is reduced to about half than in
those last mentioned kilns.

When the kiln is to be used the raw brick are put in
through the door 24, in to one of the compartments^ and
after this is filled, the temporary covering 27 is put on top
of the brick, and the door 24 closed, except the leaving of
a firehole as previously mentioned. When the covering is
put on arrangements are made for the openings 31, Fig.
1 and 6.

Valve 38, Fig. 6, at the section’s outlet 36 is kept closed
during the time of drying for each separate chamber. The
openings 31, Fig. 1 and 6, in the covering, are the only out¬
let for smoke, steam and gases created by the fire in the
openings 25, and the opening in the closed door in the sec¬
tion’s outer side. About four divisions are fired simultan¬
eously from the outside ; each division is separated by the
movable shelds 50 and the firing of a new division begun

CLAY RECORD.

CLKY RECORD.

daily, or as soon as the filling of a division is done. The
shield which separates chamber 17 which has been fired
from the kilns outside the longest, is removed when the
brick are dry, and have reached a temperature of about
100 degrees C. This shield is now moved and put in posi¬
tion to shut off the chamber last filled with raw material,
in which then should begin the firing from the outside for
drying. At the same time that the shield is taken away,
the firehole 25 and the firing hole in 24 in the walls outside,
and the openings 31 in the covering, are closed. The chan¬
nel 36, running from this chamber is opened by lifting valve
38. The corresponding valve in the previous chamber, in
this case 16, is closed. The chamber 17 will now in a
horizontal direction as the arrows show, be filled with heat
and gases, which after having reached the effective burning
places 9 and 10, pass through chambers 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
and 16, and the circulation has now progressed a new step.

Figure 8

Through valve 38 in chamber 17 pass the smoke and gas¬
es now to channel 37, and continue to chimney 42. From
above, through the departments’ openings 32 in the cover¬
ing, introduced fire is now circulating through the mass
of goods, which is between the fire places 9 and 10, and
the partition shield which now stands nearest to these fire
places. The direction of the heat is now as indicated by
horizontal arrows in Fig. 7, divisions 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15 and 16. But, however, in such a way that the outlet is
through department 17. As the goods through settling or
color show sufficient burning iron caps on firehole 34, Fig.
1 and 6, in which the firing has taken place, are moved
forward and the firing holes in the covering immediately
closed. The new firing hole to which the iron cap is moved
must, as before, be arranged right above the vertical chan¬
nel 32, made and provided at the time of the piling in of
the goods. One or two or more parts of the department
shown on drawing are fired simultaneously from above as
effective burning has been reached, depending chiefly on
the quality of the clay of which the goods are made. It is
plain that when the brick have been first dried and the tem¬
perature raised to over 100 degrees C. in separate and
closed divisions, which are here fired from the side, the
gases driven from the brick in other compartments of the
kiln, cannot injure the goods later put in, by the taking
away of the partition shields, because the temperature of
the heated brick is already so high that condensation can¬
not take place.

This kiln is a combination of the very oldest not-arched
field kiln and a more modern continuous kiln, and is of
especiaJ economical value, as well in regard to the simplic¬
ity of its construction and in its easy operation ; also, be¬
cause in this kiln are placed half-dry ware, or ware dried so
that the under layers can hold the upper. The last condi¬
tion admits of considerable saving in labor and in arrange¬
ments for drying. The abolition of a costly arch will admit
the lighter and cheaper outer and inner walls, not stronger
than in the, common open, not-arched, field kiln and almost
no foundation, or at least, very little is required. It lessens
the need of iron caps 34, through which the fuel is intro¬
duced, and this decreases in a large degree the cost of con¬
struction. In this connection can be said that the outside

walls as well as center or middle walls can be built twice as
high as those in the common arched, continuous kiln, and
at a greater distance from each other than is the case in
the latter, by which the size of the burning channel and the
capacity of the kiln is greatly increased. This increase is
calculated to be more than four times that of the capacity
of the common continuous kiln.

The placing of the temporary covering directly on top
of the brick makes it possible for the same to drop or lower
itself as the material, in process of burning, shrink. The
trouble with the channels 32, Fig. 6, in the arched kilns, is
that the goods are pushed towards the sides of the firehole
and this trouble is avoided in this kiln. In the arched kilns
the heat gathers in the space which forms itself, during the
burning process, between the top of the arch and the pile
of brick, and there, through over-burning, often causes
brick to burn in a lump which is difficult to remove. This
without first having been utilized in the lower rows. The
effect of this heat in the Chmelewski kiln is mostly on the
middle rows of the brick, and from there, in equal radiation,
spreads itself to all the layers. The extension of the rays
of this heat from the middle rows of the brick, makes it pos¬
sible to obtain a product even and well-burned through all its
’ layers. The economical result is of the greatest importance
and is established by years of practical experience. This
should be considered one of the essential points in the new
•system here described.

By the successive moving or changing of the iron caps 34
on the upper side of the kiln has the use of such iron caps
been brought down to 12% of what would be needed in
arched kilns capable of producing an equal quantity of
ware burned during the same period. The need of iron
ventilators or valves is brought down to a minimum of 20
as against the great number of different kinds used in the
arched kilns. By this reduction in the number of iron caps
and ventilators, the cost of cinstruction is considerably re¬
duced, and the loss of heat through radiation through iron,
reduced 80%.

The operating of this kiln is economical because without
increased • consumption of fuel a much larger quantity of
ware of better quality, more evenly burned and of clean
color is produced than can be done in a common, continu¬
ous kiln. Not even the old field kiln can, except the saving
of fuel, when it is a question of burning brick in larger
quantities, during any length of time, compete with this
kiln either in the quality of the ware produced or in econom¬
ical result, because the field kiln often turns out brick which
are either not burned enough or else too much. The field
kiln cannot work continuously and during emptying and
refilling process, must be completely cooled off, which of
course increases consumption of fuel and a loss of time at
every refilling of from 14 to 20 days when this new kiln
requires only 2 or 3 days for the same work. The kiln of
which this is a description is a combination of the old field
kiln and the newer continuous ring kiln and superior to
each of these types.

In building and construction it costs less than the arched,
ring kiln and without using more fuel than either of these,
will burn a larger quantity and of better quality, during an
equal period. It requires less fuel than the field kiln and
the saving of time is considerable. It produces ware well
and evenly burned and of the best color.

All these facts show the economical results to be gained
over either of the older types.

Depending on the experience from the kiln in Finland,
and the present wood price in Boston, $5.00 per cord (as
is known, wood is commonly used in the vicinity of Bos¬
ton), that 1,000 brick, size 8*4x4x214, could be burned in

CLHY

this new kiln for about 50 cents as against $2.00, which
now represents the average cost for burning brick there
with the present method. The simple construction and the
method of burning proper makes it possible that the mate¬
rial to the kiln in main consists of common building brick,
or as it is with the kiln in Finland of brickbats.

The more expensive material, as for instance iron parts,
are reduced to a minimum. Firebrick are not at all needed
in the kiln, only take care to keep the kilns inside well
whitewashed.

The cost, as before stated, will not exceed the cost of a
number of open field kilns burning the same amount of
brick in the same length of time.

On account of the heavy water vapor, from the water¬
smoking- compartments, depositing right into the air not
more than one-half the draft is needed in this kiln as in
continuous kilns of other types and the smoke stack can be
made shorter and not over one-third the length of the kiln
in heighth. The same conditions rule with the smoke
flues.

Tilts continual increase of the kiln’s capacity is done
through simple addition of the kiln’s walls with brickbats
laved with mortar. This work can be done by any work¬
ingman. The more the kiln is increased in height, the more
the brickmass is increased, which is being burned.

The smoke flue at the bottom of the kiln makes it possi¬
ble to increase the room in the burning canal without men-
tionable cost, as above has been described.

Paul Chmelewski, counsellor of commerce, Helsingfors,
Finland, is the inventor of the kiln and Dr. Herman
Rabergh, 24 Cottage Ave., Fitchburg, Mass., is the sole
agent in this country and will gladly give further advice.

- «+■♦■» -

FEDERAL BRICK COMPANY EXPECTS TO SE¬
CURE CONTROL OF 80 PER CENT OF NEW
ENGLAND OUTPUT.

New Britain, Conn., April 10. — Announcement has been
made here that the Federal brick company, with head¬
quarters in Providence, R. I., has just obtained an agree¬
ment with nine of the eleven brick firms of New Britain
and vicinity, comprising the Central brick exchange of New
Britain, by which it will control the output of the nine
firms for the next five years.

The Federal brick company alreadv controls a great
part of the brickyards of Massachusetts and Rhode Island,
and it is understood expects within the next three weeks to
secure control of about 80 per cent of the brickyards in
New England.

A. M. Young, of New York, and Pres. Studley of the
Consolidated trust company of Providence, R. I., are in¬
terested in the Providence company.

The Federal brick company has just been granted a
charter under the laws of the state of New York.

The members of the Central brick exchange who have
signed the agreement are : C. P. Merwin brick company of
Berlin, R. O. Clark, East Berlin ; J. W. Holmes, New
Britain ; Donnelly brick company, New Britain ; Standard
brick company. New Britain ; Powers Bros, brick com¬
pany, New Britain ; New Britain brick company, Park-
ville brick company, Parkville ; Phoenix brick company,
Elmwood.

Of the two remaining members of the exchange, the
American brick company and the firm of Richard Murray,
it is expected that the latter will also sign the agreement.
These companies have an annual output of 80,000,000
bricks.

SOME SUGGESTIONS ON PUSHING THE SALE
OF SAND-LIME BRICK *

BY J. J. MORONEY, CHICAGO, ILL.

There is no question in the mind of anyone operating a
sand-lime brick plant as to the real merit, strength, beauty
and durability of his product. All manufacturers have sin¬
cere confidence in the brick, and to successfully push their
sale, it is only necessary to impart some of this confidence
to the architect, contractor, or owner of the building. The
question is as to the best way to do this. The brick them¬
selves will justify his enthusiasm, and will back up any kind
of reasonable guarantee, as is shown by the millions of
sand-lime brick that have been put in walls during the last
four years in this cold northern climate, which is very
changeable, and especially hard on building material, ow¬
ing to the alternate freezing and thawing.

1 have a few suggestions to make as to the method used
in pushing the sale of brick, which may be of some value'
to such of the sand-lime brick manufacturers as have never
been connected with the manufacture and sale of clay
brick. My only excuse for doing this is that I have been
actively connected with the manufacture of fine pressed
front brick for the past eighteen years, and am, of course,
familiar with the methods employed by the dealers in fine
building material, and the manufacturers of high grade dry
clay brick, many of whom depend almost entirely on a ship¬
ping trade for disposing of their product.

In the first place, it must be remembered that brick never
look as well in the pile as they do in the wall. When laid
in the wall, only one face, and that the best one, is visible,
and the effect of regularity adds greatly to the appearance
of the brick, whether sand-lime brick or clay brick. It
should therefore be shown to every intending purchaser
that it is not a fair proposition to compare a loose pile of
sand-lime brick on the yard with a well laid wall made from
high grade pressed clay brick. For this reason it has been
found a great advantage in selling sand-lime brick to build
a little specimen wall, with white and different colored mor¬
tars, in the office or at the works of the manufacturer,
where it would be protected from being defaced or marred.
The brick show up much better in this way, and are a much
fairer comparison with a wall made of clay brick. Of
course, where it is possible to show your customer your
own brick properly laid in a building, this is an even
stronger argument ; but it is not always feaeib’e to take
prospective purchasers long distances to show them brick
in a wall. Therefore a specimen wall of this kind is always
advisable, and especially on new plants.

Another plan that has been found of great assistance,
especially in large cities, and where yards depend on ship¬
ping trade, is to get a number of boxes, just large enough
to hold four brick laid in mortar with different colors of
mortar, and using different colored , brick so far as pos¬
sible. After the mortar has set, the brick should be put
into the box, and a fancy moulding should be tacked all
around the edge of the box, so that it will project a little
over the brick. The object of this is to prevent the brick
from being taken out of the box, and defaced by handling.
The name of the manufacturer should be stenciled 'on the
top of the box, and such sample boxes left in the offices of
architects, contractors and building material dealers ; or
sent by express to small towns where a trade is desired, and
exhibited in some prominent store or hotel. This will be
found to well repay the time and trouble, and the money in¬
vested, as such a box will prove a cheap and effective sales¬
man. Samples put up in this way are practically inde¬
structible ; have somewhat the effect of brick laid in the

*ILead at the last meeting of the National Association of Manufact¬
urers of Sand-lime Products, recently held in Chicago.

OLHV RECORD.

wall, and are very attractive and striking in appearance,
especially where there is a decided contrast in the colors of
the brick.

Boxes of loose sample brick, such as are often sent out,
are not nearly so effective, and the brick are liable to be
taken -out and defaced by careless handling, thus marring
the edges and corners, and soiling the faces, so they are no
longer an attractive advertisement. Such loose brick are
also subject to all sorts of foolish, unauthorized and experi¬
mental tests by ignorant parties, which are prevented by
boxing as above.

All tests of sand-lime brick ought to be made under the
eye of the manufacturer, who understands the conditions,
or according to his instructions, as otherwise, many unfair
tests will be made which are unjust to the sand-lime brick.
For instance, I have seen parties test a sand-lime brick for
absorption by pouring water onto the flat side of the brick ;
or by immersing it all over in water, and leaving it several
hours. I have even seen reports from college professors
on sand-lime brick, where absorption tests have been made
in the same way. People making such tests will then com¬
pare the results with the absorption of clay brick laid in
the wall. Of course no brick laid in the wall is subject to
any such conditions, as only one face of the brick is exposed
to rains. The manufacturer should always test sand-lime
brick in connection with clay brick that he has to come in
competition with, and give each the same test. The easiest
way to make a fair absorption test is to stand the clay brick
and the sand-lime brick on edge on a table, face upwards,
and sprinkle water on the faces of each. One of the best
absorption tests that I know of was originated by Mr.
Smith, of the Memphis Granite Brick Co., with which most
of you are familiar. It consists simply in inverting a bot¬
tle containing a measured quantity of water on the face of
each brick.

A proper and fair test which is made so as to bring the
good points of the sand-lime brick to the attention of the
customer, is a great aid in selling; but tests made by the
ordinary individual who is ignorant of the conditions, is
apt to be prejudiced, and makes the test after his own
ideas are usually an injury rather than a benefit, and seldom
do justice to the brick. It is therefore better, as above
stated, to have as few sample brick as possible lying around
loose, so as to be subject to such unauthorized and unjust
tests.

Of course, a very great assistance to any manufacturer,
and in fact, an indispensable necessity, is the proper printed
matter ; especially pamphlets showing cuts of buildings
erected from this brick, the results of tests on his own
brick as compared with clay brick, the opinions of architects
and contractors, who have actually used them, and other
valuable information which can be distributed much more
widely than it is possible to send samples of the brick.
This association could play a very important part in assist¬
ing all established factories in disposing of their brick, and
in meeting the criticisms and arguments of their compet¬
itors in the clay brick industry by establishing a department
of “Publicity and Education.’7 The individual manu¬
facturers in such a case should furnish the department
with photos of buildings erected from their brick, together
with particulars as to the number and kind of brick used,
the architects’ names, and testimonials ; and also with in¬
formation as to any special instances where objections have
been brought up and overcome, or where these brick have
been used for any special or new purpose. In this way
a large amount of very valuable information could be col¬
lected, which it would be difficult for any one manufac¬
turer to obtain without great expenditure of time and
money. This department of the association could then
distribute the information so collected to all the plants

several times a year, and could also furnish the newspapers
with points of general interest that would tend to educate
the public as to the merits and use of these brick.
Such information coming from the association would have
much greater weight and authority than if coming from
any individual member, and it pays to advertise in this way.

The very greatest of all aids to the manufacturer in
selling their brick will be the education of the public gen¬
erally on a large scale as to the use and merits of these
brick, such as has been done recently by the concrete in¬
dustry for their own products. In this connection, I might
say that the company I represent has just issued a book
along the above lines, which is the result of a great deal
of individual work, time and money ; but any part of the
information contained in it is at the disposal of any sand-
lime brick manufacturer who wishes to bring out pam¬
phlets for his own trade.

A great deal of criticism has been made of sand-lime
brick, which is due solely to the inexperience of the oper¬
ators of plants in handling, packing and shipping high
grade bricks. These matters have been brought to a fine
point by the makers of pressed clay brick, so that the brick
reach the users, sometimes a thousand miles away, in as
perfect condition as to the edges, corners and faces, as when
they came from the kilns. This, unfortunately, is true of
very few sand-lime brick as yet. Now, it is a fact that a
sand-lime brick is a better shipper than a pressed clay
brick, and a car contains fewer bats at the end of the jour¬
ney. It is also a fact, however, that the sand-lime brick
generally reach the user in much poorer condition as to
edges and corners than clay brick, and this is caused almost
entirely by imperfect packing and handling. Most sand-
lime brick makers could get some valuable pointers by
visiting a high grade clay brick plant, and becoming fa¬
miliar with their methods of shipping and handling front
brick. I have myself seen sand-lime brick on the yard,
where the edges and- corners were practically perfect, and
the brick were high grade in every respect, and then have
seen the same brick delivered on a job, battered and de¬
faced, with edges and corners broken, which put them into
the common brick class. All sand-lime brick should be
handled with a brick lifter from the car to the sorting
shed or freight car, and again from the freight cars to the
wagon, and from the wagon to the job. All pressed brick
in Chicago are handled in this way, and are carefully
packed with hay, both on the cars and wagons. They are
never tossed or dumped. I have myself seen sand-lime
brick that were intended for outside finishing work dumped
from the end of a dump cart in a pile.

Most of the sand-lime brick plants would be greatly
benefited by paying much more attention to the methods of
shipment than they do, and also by sending out samples in a
more careful manner. I have known a number of instances
where sample sand-lime brick were sent to the dealers to
compete with pressed clay brick on a job for face work, and
were sent in a barrel or box, without any packing whatever.
Now the pressed clay brick manufacturers are very particu¬
lar in packing their sample brick, which are shipped almost
as carefully as china. They figure that the first impression
made on the man opening the box is a lasting one, and per¬
fect edges and corners have a great deal to do with the im¬
pression made.

When all is said and done, however, the thing that will
be decisive in selling sand-lime brick is the excellence of the
brick themselves. If a man makes a better brick than his
competitors, it is only a question of time when he will get
the bulk of the business in his locality. The few hints on
selling above given, however, may perhaps enable some
manufacturers to arrive at this point more quickly.

CLKY RECORD,

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFAC 1 URER

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

844,668. Composition for Bricks. Laurence Elkus, In¬
dianapolis, Ind. Filed June 1, 1906, Serial No. 319,756.

Claim — In an artificial stone the combination of sand,
hydrated lime and cement in substantially the proportions
specified.

844,806. Brick-drier. Ira C. Jones, Minneapolis, Minn.,
assignor to Minneapolis Brick & Tile Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. Filed Oct. 29, 1906. Serial No. 340,950.

Claim — The combination, with a conveyor, of a gravity-
carrier provided at the discharge end thereof in position to
receive the loaded brick-pallets, an elevator arranged at the
discharge end of said gravity-carrier and having pivoted
carriers arranged to pick up the loaded pallets, a second

gravity-carrier on the down side of said elevator and
whereto the loaded pallets are delivered by said elevator
and a steam-drier composed of an upright frame and a se¬
ries of steam-coils supported at different levels in said
frame and having antifriction- wheels projecting above the
tops of said coils and whereon the loaded pallets are dis¬
charged from said second gravity-carrier, substantially as
described.

The combination, with a conveyor, of an elevator com¬
prising belts operating vertically side by side, bars having
sliding pivotal connections with said belts, links connect¬
ing the inner ends of said bars with said belts, pallet-car¬
riers having weighted lower ends pivoted on said bars and
adapted to pick up a loaded brick-pallet from said conveyor,
a gravity-carrier provided on the down side of said elevator
and whereto the loaded pallets are delivered, and a drier
arranged to receive the pallet from said gravity-carrier.

844,416. Building-block. Thomas Sewall and George
M. Keene, Boston, Mass. Filed April 9, 1906.

Claim — A building-block composed of an outer wall and
an inner wall and two or more partition-walls extending
from said outer wall to said inner wall, each formed with
an offset portion intermediate its length, whereby air¬

spaces are provided in the block at both sides of said par¬
tition-walls which extend from the outer to the inner walls,
the air-spaces at each end of the block being one-half the
size of the air-spaces within the block, substantial^ as de¬
scribed.

844,738. Brick drying and conveying apparatus. John
H. McKenzie, Augusta, Ga. Filed Nov. 16, 1906. Serial
No. 343.760.

Claim — In drying apparatus the combination with a
housing having an inlet and an outlet at opposite ends, and
brackets within the housing ; of rails supported upon the
brackets, each rail having pairs of integral upstanding ears
thereon at predetermined intervals, a roller journaled be¬
tween the ears of each pair, a pallet movably mounted on
the rollers and comprising longitudinal strips, angle-irons
secured upon said strips and bearing upon and over-lapping
the adjoining faces of the rollers, and slats connected to the
longitudinal strips, and a heating device interposed between
and above the rails and below the pallets.

844,504. Apparatus for Regulating Combustion in Fur¬
naces. Henry L. Dougherty, Madison, Wis., assignor, by
mesne assignments, to Combustion Utilities Company, New
York, N. Y., a Corporation of New York. Filed Feb. 1,
1904. Serial No. 191,404.

Claim — In an apparatus for regulating combustion in fur¬
naces, the combination with a gas-producer furnace com¬
prising the producer, combustion-chamber, flues for pri¬
mary air and for secondary air and flues for waste gases,,
of passages or channels connecting the waste-gas flues with
the primary gas-flues, said channels being provided with a
damper-controlled opening for air and an adjustable in¬
jector projecting into said channels or passages.

844>5x6- Method of Decorating Enamel Ware, China,
Porcelain, Majolica, Glass, Etc. Rudolf Gottlieb, Brunn,
Austria-Hungary. Filed Dec. 15, 1905. Serial No. 291,-
837-

Claim — The method of decorating enamel, porcelain,
china, majolica, and the like surfaces with a lace-like de¬
sign, consisting in directly and closely applying an orna¬
mental flexible pattern of lace or the like upon the surface to
be decorated, then blowing upon the portions of said surface
exposed by the perforations of the lace, a thick enameling
paint of a contrasting color, removing the fibrous material,
and permitting the applied enamel to harden.

The method of decorating enamel, porcelain, china, ma¬
jolica, and the like surfaces with a lace-like design, con¬
sisting in applying an ornamental flexible pattern of lace
or the like so closely upon the surface to be decorated as to
prevent the flowing of enamel underneath said lace, then
applying to the portions of said surface exposed by the per¬
forations of the lace, a thick enameling paint of a contrast¬
ing color, removing the fibrous material, and permitting
the applied enamel to harden.

844,623. Rotary Kiln, William C. Shiner, Catasauqua,
Pa., assignor to James W. Fuller, Jr., Catasauqua, Pa.
Filed Oct. 26, 1906. Serial No. 340,630.

Claim — In a rotary kiln, a stack provided with a base
having a chamber adapted to receive and to retain matter
dropped from the stack, a kiln-tube connected with the
base and terminating with its interior portion slightly be¬
low the chamber thereof, and movable means for positively
conducting the descending matter from the stack-flue di¬
rectly into said kiln. .

In a rotary kiln, a kiln-tube, a stack having a base pro¬
vided with a chamber, the walls whereof parallel to said
kiln are downwardly inclined and terminate in a horizontal¬

ly-arranged meeting portion, a casing located in said base
having an opening arranged in alinement with the inclined
walls of the chamber and terminating in said kiln-tube, the
inclined walls of said chamber adapted to conduct matter
dropping from the stack directly ifito said casing, and said
conveyer, adapted to conduct the matter directly into said
kiln-tube.

844,453. Roofing-Tile. Edward E. Johnston, St. Louis,
Mo., assignor to Mound City Roofing Tile Company, St.
Louis, Mo., a Corporation of Missouri. Filed March 24,
1906. Serial No. 307,865.

Claim — A roofing-tile provided at one edge with a longi¬
tudinally-extending gutter formed below the upper surface
thereof and with an upwardly-projecting rib adjacent said
gutter, and the other edge portion of the tile being pro¬
vided with a recess on its underneath face to receive the
rib of the adjacent tile, the underneath portion of the over¬
lapping tile covering the gutter of the adjacent tile but not
extending into said gutter; substantially as described.

845,194. Machine for Making Cement Brick. Henry
Pocock, London, Ontario, Canada. Filed April 2, 1906.
Serial No. 309,370.

Claim — In a device of the class described a supporting-
frame including a table adapted to support a pallet, a mold

movable vertically above said table and provided with
spaced side bars, a weighted lever pivoted intermediate its
ends to said supporting-frame, a foot-lever swinging from
said supporting-frame,, and a link device swinging at one
end from said supporting-frame and movably coupled to
said foot-lever and provided with an intermediate offset for
bearing over the free end of said weighted lever to main¬
tain the molds in depressed position.

32 CLHV

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record, Publishing Company,

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor.
SUBSCRIPTIONS.

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States, Canada or Mexico
and one dollar fifty cents for all other foreign countries.

Papers are not stopped at the end of subscriptions unless the sub¬
scribers order them so and pay up the arrearages.

ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POST OFFICE AS SECOND-CLAS8 MATTER

Vol. XXX. APRIL 15, 1907. No. 7

“ I like to read American advertisements. They are in
themselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.” — William E. Gladstone.

Don’t trust to luck.

It is a good policy to leave a few things unsaid.

Set your stake and when you reach it, set it further
ahead. - Try to reach it again and reset.

About the only difference between accepting a position
and securing a job is the matter of renumeration.

Nothing seems to succeed like the success of the man
who knows what he wants and then goes right after it.

About all the consolation some men get out of losing
their money is the belief that they are dead game sports.

When a man attributes his sneers to the taking advan¬
tage of an opportunity the opportunity is usually but an¬
other name for an easy mark.

If you have not already sent in your subscription for the
( lay Record for this year von should do so now. The
Clay Record is the only clay journal in America that is
printed twice a month. It keeps you posted on current
events in the clay field. Can you do without it for one
little dollar?

POTTERY TRADE NEVER BETTER.

East Liverpool, O., April 15th. — 'Business with the manu¬
facturing potters in the western district was never better.
Every pottery is running to its capacity and orders are be¬
ing filled rapidly. Much attention is being paid to business
that has to get out at once.

At Wellsville similar conditions prevail, the four pot¬
teries there being rushed. Samuel Simbella, who was em¬
ployed as a presser at the United States pottery has left to
take a position with the Riverside plant at Wheeling. It is
reported a number of other pressers from that district will
soon go to the Wheeling shops.

Six boys, all under age, who had been given employment
by men working at the United States Pottery, at Wells¬
ville, were hauled up before Mayor Wallace L. Fogo, of
that city and fined. The men who gave these boys work
were also told to appear in court. A fine of $25 can be
assessed.

A new seven-kiln pottery is in course of erection at El
Reno, Okla. Those interested from the east are Charles
Mahan, formerly of this city, and whose brother is em¬
ployed at the Smith-Phillips plant here and W. H. Moore,
formerly of Salineville. General ware is to be made.

The mammoth plant of the Homer Laughlin China Com¬
pany, at Newell, W. Va., across the Ohio river from this
city, will be working full in every department in a month’s
time, meaning, 2,000 people will be employed under one
roof. The offices are nearing completion and will be ready
for occupancy within a few weeks. These will occupy two
floors.

A novelty connected with this plant is the manner in
which the employes will be paid. Four large booths have
been erected, near the main offices. Employes will walk
west past the offices and after receiving their envelopes
will turn south and pass out of the main office vestibule.
The arrangement will save considerable time and the wages
can be paid out within a remarkably short time.

It is contended throughout the district that the Goodwin
Pottery, of this city, is the only competitor of note of the
Warwick Pottery of Wheeling, in -the manufacturing of
high class art goods. Much regret was expressed here
when the’ news of the Warwick fire was received and now
that the plant is rebuilt friends of the company here believe
that the loss of the company to its decalcomanias was almost
as great as the loss on the building.

The number of idle potteries in the country at the pres¬
ent time is not generally known. There are two idle pot¬
teries at Columbus, the Worthington and the Bell Co.’s
plants, the Acme at Crooksville, O., Dresden China Co.,
Salineville, O ; Derry Pottery Co., Derry Pa. ; Ford City
Pottery, Ford City, Pa., and one small one at New Brighton.

The announcement is made that the Acme pottery will be
so’d April 9, by the trustees for the stockholders, and the
Ford City plant has been advertised for sale by the Penn¬
sylvania courts for April 16.

It is reported that one or two western plants will be built
this year— probably in Missouri and located near vast de-

CLHY RECORD

posits of clay. . It is said some Columbus and St. Louis
capitalists are back of the movement.

The number of employes of the Crooksville China Co.,
at Crooksville, O., is to be increased from 170 to 250 as
soon as possible. Improvements and additions costing not
less than $15,000. The annual production of this plant
after improvements are completed will be worth not less
than $325,000. Two decorating and one bisque kilns are to
be added also. Work rebuilding the plant of the Electric
Porcelain Co., which was destroyed by fire is in progress.
The company hopes to be able to ship goods within three
months. The kilns were saved and this will help in start¬
ing the plant earlier.

BUI DING OPERAT IONS FOR MARCH.

Reports from fifty-five leading cities of the country offi¬
cially reported and tabulated show a gratifying and widely
distributed building activity for March. In the cities re¬
ported thirty-one show a gain as compared with the corre¬
sponding month of 1906, while twenty-one indicate a loss.
In the aggregate the loss amounts to 3 per cent. This is
decidedly encouraging when compared with the showing
made in the preceding month, when the total loss, as com¬
pared with March, 1906, was 20 per cent. The greatest
loss reported is in New York. Manhattan lost $4,952,621
and the Bronx $1,790,535, while Brooklyn made a gain of
$1,414,637, making a total loss for Greater New York of
$5,328,519, or over three millions more than the total loss
of the fifty-two cities. The loss in New York is clearly
chargeable to previous large building operations and the
stringency of the money market which makes it difficult to
place large building loans. Taking this into account the
showing is excellent, a marked improvement over the pre¬
ceding month. Chicago, the city next on the list from the
standpoint of volume of business, reports a gain of 33 per
cent. The percentage of gain in other leading cities is
shown by the following figures: Allegheny, 96; Birming¬
ham, 1 12; Buffalo, 45; Cleveland, 51; Detroit, 80; Harris¬
burg, 9; Hartford, 21; Indianapolis, 149; Minneapolis, 38;
Memphis, 25; Mobile, 225; Paterson, 57; Rochester, 31;
St. Louis, 53; St. Paul, 30; Scranton, 50; Seattle, 107;
Syracuse, 60; Salt Lake City, 316; Topeka, 153; Washing¬
ton, 23. The following figures show percentages of losses:
Cincinnati, 4; Denver, 18; Duluth, 62; Grand Rapids, 9;
Kansas City, 18; Louisville, 32; Los Angeles, 41; Milwau¬
kee, 1; Newark, 32; New York, 23; Omaha, 23; Phila¬
delphia, 31; Pittsburg, 5; Spokane, 8 ; Toledo, 51; Ta¬
coma, 20.

- -

OBITUARY

Dennis J. Clahane, president of the Hanover (O.)
Pressed Brick Co., and vice-president of the West Side
Dime Savings bank, Columbus, Ohio, many years a promi¬
nent business man on the west side, died of heart disease at
Mt. Clemens, Mich. He was 53 years of age.

While William Brodkorb, age 39 years, was enjoying his
noon day meal with his family at his home, 1624 South
Parsons avenue, Columbus, Ohio, he fell dead in his chair.
He was a brick manufacturer and was well known. He is
survived bv his wife and six children.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES

An explosion of gas occurred at the Robinson Clay Pro¬
duct Co.’s plant No. 2, and two employes were badly
burned.

An explosion in the brick at Wellsville, Ohio, which was
caused by the flood, resulted in the death of three Italian
workmen.

Jasper Easterday was crushed to death by falling shale
at the shale pit of the Western Brick Co. at Danville, Ills.
He leaves a wife and family.

John Dysarz, brick manufacturer, Detroit, Mich., was
adjudicated a bankrupt in the U. S. district court. His
liabilities are $1,672 and assets $3,468.

William W. Frazier, of Philadelphia, has brought suit
to foreclose a mortgage of $35,000 against the Schuylkill
Valley Clay Co., at Shoemakersville, Pa.

The Silicated Brick Co., Denver, Colo., has filed a suit
for $50,000 damages against the Roxbury Land Co., on
charges of bribery and a fraudulent lease.

H. A. Spencer was caught in a pulley at the Albert
Lea (Minn.) Brick & Tile Co.’s plant and so badly in¬
jured that it nas necessary to amputate one of his limbs.

William Haase, who was convicted of setting fire to the
Bennett Pottery Co.'s plant at Baltimore, Md., has been
sentenced to eighteen months in the penitentiary for arson.

Four workmen were buried under bricks at the plant of
the Phoenix Brick & Construction Co., St. Joseph, Mo., and
two, Henry Martin and Neil Lawson, were seriously in¬
jured.

Eighteen persons lost their lives in the fire and flood at
the Warwick Pottery Co. s plant at \\ heeling, V . \ a.,
and there were a number of other fatalities. The loss is
over $3,000,000.

The trustee in bankruptcy of the Cleveland Brick Co.,
Canton, Ohio, has filed a petition asking for authority to
sell the plant at either public or private sale. The trustee
has an offer of $46,600.

The Hydraulic Press Brick Co., Cleveland, Ohio, has
brought suit against the Independent Stone Co. for $10,000
damages, claiming it blocked a creek and caused it to over¬
flow and flood the kilns.

W. C. George has filed suit against the LaHarpe (Kan¬
sas) Shale Brick Co. for $1,905 damages for personal in¬
jury sustained in an accident at the plant. A pile of shale
fell on his leg and crushed it.

The Chicago Retort & Fire Brick Co. have let the con¬
tract for the buildings for their new plant at Ottawa, Ills.
The buildings will be of brick and 120x400 feet long. Lhe
plant is expected to be completed in July.

The receiver of the Veedersburg (Inch) Clay Co., has
brought suit against Homer Hood, a wealthy resident of
Toledo, O., for $50,000, alleging he was one of the original
subscribers to the stock which was not fully paid in.

E. E. Conner, an empolyee of the Barr Clay Co., Stieeter,
Ills., was caught in the machinery and bruised and lacer¬
ated in a very serious condition. He is the night engineer
and his clothes caught in a part of the engine. He is 70
vears old.

OLHY RECORD.

FIRE! FIRE! FIRE!

A fire at the M. Davilaar Brick Works at Milwaukee,
Wis., caused a loss of $1,000 to the plant.

The plant of the Ostrander Fire Brick Co., at Troy, N.
Y., was visited by a $2,000 fire. Plant partly covered by
insurance.

The Howard-Park Brick Co., Chattanooga, Tenn., was
damaged to the extent of $2,000 by fire, fully covered by
insurance.

The grinding department of the Castalia (O.) Portland
Cement Co., was burned and caused a loss of $50,000, fully
covered by insurance.

The Memphis (Tenn.) Hydraulic Brick Co., was slightly
damaged by fire, which adjoined the Magnolia Stove Works.
The loss is estimated at $80,000.

Fire destroyed the plant of the Dominion Paving & Con¬
struction Co., Toronto, Ontario. The loss is placed at
$40,000, which is fully covered by insurance. Roy Van
Vlack is the manager.

Fire damaged the plant of the Omaha Brick Co., Second
and Hickory streets, Omaha, Nebr., to the extent of $2,000.
The company manufacture its own gas for use in the kilns
and the blaze caught fire to the gas plant.

A fire broke out in the Miller Bros. Brick Works, Charles
street, Alleghany, Pa. The loss is about $1,000, covered
by insurance. The plant has been idle for some time and it
was thought it was set fire to by tramps.

The plant of the Chicago Retort & Fire Brick Co., at Ot¬
tawa, Ills., was completely destroyed by fire. The loss is
estimated at $10,000. It was partly covered by insurance.
Contracts have been let for an entire new plant.

The South River Brick Co., Atlanta, Ga., lost their
Bottom plant by fire. All the machinery was destroyed.
Loss is estimated at $35>000> partly covered by insurance.
J. M. Stephens is president of the company, E. R. Thornton
secretary and treasurer and Aid. W. A- Hancock, general
manager.

- - — ♦ «-»- -

$1,200,000 CEMENT PLANT IS CERTAIN.

F. E. Wear and W. E. Murlin, president and vice-prbsi-
dent of the Kansas City (Mo.) Portland Cement company,
were in Des Moines and practically concluded negotiations
for the establishment of a $1,200,000 cement plant with a
capacity of 2,500 barrels per day at Harvey, Iowa. W. E.
Foshier of Harvey and Winfield Smouse of Washington,
Iowa, as well as three or four Des Moines capitalists are
interested in the project.

Several hundred men will be employed by the company
after the plant is thoroughly established.

Messrs. Wear and Murlin, who have had many years
experience in the cement business, optioned a tract of 1,200
acres near Harvey, after making a thorough investigation
of the limestone and shale deposits. The quality of these,
and the fact that fine deposits of coal have been discovered
on the tract, make Harvey an unusually desirable location.
It is estimated that the plant will use about 250 tons of coal
daily, so that the saving in freight on fuel will, the pro¬
moters claim, amount to about $300 per day.

SPECIALIST IN BUILDING MATERIALS RE¬
PORTS ON SAN FRANCISCO FIRE
RESULTS.

The Brick Construction Association of Los Angeles, Cal.,
which is composed of the manufacturers of burnt clay
products, has issued a album containing many excellent
photographs of scenes in San Francisco immediately after
the great fire in April of last year. These show that build¬
ings of brick suffered very little during the conflagration.

In an introductory notice are the following statements
taken from a report of investigations made by F. W. Fitz¬
patrick, executive officer of the International Society of
Building Commissioners.

“Fill in the voids of your columns with brick. Fill your
floor spans with deep, flat arches of porous tile, the deeper
the better ; or, if great weight is no disadvantage, then use
deep arches of concrete, but let there be a tile, protecting
ceiling surface to the latter, or well below the arches a sus¬
pended ceiling of metal lath and plaster. In every case
have the soffits and projecting members of your floor frame
covered with fireprof tile of two thicknesses.

“Build your outer walls from story to story of brick or
concrete, but face it internally with hollow brick and exter¬
nally with a good quality of well-burned brick. Where orna¬
ment is desired, use well-made terra cotta. Don’t be afraid
of the quantity of the material ; it is only the thin, sharp
angles, and uneven, poorly baked surfares that scable off in
a fire. With an even thickness in ornament and plain, plenty
of ribs, and properly burned, terra cotta will stand any fire
you expose it to. The use of granite, stone and marble,
wherever fire can get at them, will hardly be looked upon
with much favor by San Franciscans. Use good cement
mortar in your walls. Tie them and bond them thoroughly
and make them close kin to the frame, not mere distant rela¬
tives. Don’t be afraid of using plenty of steel in your terra
cotta cornices, tie them in, anchor them, and make them
part of your building, not merely an easily dislodged, re¬
movable lid.”

- -

UNITED STATES HOLLOW TILE INDUSTRY.

Hollow tile was first used in this country in the Van-
colears flats, New York city, erected about 30 years ago.
It was the first tile of that style made in the United States.
The experiment was successful and in 1877 there were
100,000 tons of hollow tile fireproofing material sold in the
United States. Today the output exceeds 2,500,000 tons
a year, a plant in Perth Amboy alone having a capacity of
20,000 tons a month.

A BRICK FOUND THAT WAS MADE IN 1632.

A brick bearing the date of 1632 has been found in a
very old building at Jamestown, N. C. The brick is hard
burned, the size of the ordinary brick of today, but almost
twice as heavy and shows very little of the wear and tear
of time. The texture of the brick is very close, and the clay
is much finer than that found in that section of the country.

This Jamestown settlement is almost as old as that of
Jamestown, Va. It is thought that this brick is one that

was brought over from England or some foreign country as
a sample.

m M M. ^ 4W a m. ■■ r-v.

CLAY DEPOSITS IN TEXAS PROMISE RESULTS
EQUAL TO FOREIGN GRADES

Chicago, April 15. — Milton Wolf, president of the United
Kaolin Properties Co., left this city to secure a warehouse
in New York for an enterprise which, he declares, promises
to place the United States upon a par with France for the
successful manufacture of fine china. The importation of
fine china from France to America during the year 1905
amounted to $17,000,000.

Seemingly inexhaustible deposits of kaolin, it is declared,
have been discovered in the town of Leakey, Edwards
County, Texas, which is of so rare a quality as to menace
not only the monopoly, but the prestige for quality of the
French product. The Texan kaolin combines pure white¬
ness, strength, translucency, lightness and plasticity.

Its discoverers claim for it the ability to turn out as fine,
if not finer china than the finest French Haviland ware. It
becomes translucent with a much lower degree of heat ap¬
plication than the French clay, has a purer whiteness and a
far greater durability.

The American promoters are completing the 40 miles
of railroad from the main line of the Southern Pacific
Railroad at Sabinal to the deposits at Leakey.

- <*-«-• -

$130,000 IN IMPROVEMENTS WILL BE ADDED
TO PLANT OF KAOLIN AND CLAY
PRODUCTS COMPANY

When all the big improvements which are now contem¬
plated for Dry Branch, Ga., are brought to a successful
completion that little burg will assume quite a position in
the manufacturing world.

The Atlanta Mining and Clay Company, Macon, is now
adding an immense washing plant to their already large
equipment. Fifty thousand dollars will soon be expended
in the construction of a modern refinery. Twenty-five
additional dwellings for white laborers will be built ; addi¬
tional machinery will be installed and a storage building
with a capacity of 175 cars is planned. The improvements
contemplated will amount to over $130,000. In keeping
with the improvements, the Macon, Dublin and Savannah
Railroad will soon break ground for a new side track to the
plant.

This company is composed of an enterprising lot of per¬
sons and it looks as though Dry Branch will be converted
into a new town. Mr. Y. A. Gresham, general manager,
will move his family from Atlanta to Macon at once, and
will direct the operations of the concern largely from the
Central City.

The Atlanta Mining and Clay Company is not alone in
occupying the field at Dry Branch, as there are the Ameri¬
can Clay Company, Georgia Kaolin Company, Mandle Clay
Company, J. P. Carlton Company, all of whom are in a
most prosperous condition and promise to increase their
plants in the near future.

These concerns have united and will expend $500 in an
exhibit at the Jamestown Exposition. The exhibit will be
carefully prepared by competent hands, and will represent
both crude and finished products from Georgia kaolin and
clay, including specimens of paper, oil cloth, china, wall
paper, books, newspapers, etc.

MRS. SHAW SECURES CONTROL OF THE
NORTH JUDSON SAND LIME-
BRICK WORKS

A deal of considerable importance has just been closed,
after a month of negotiating, between the Indiana Sand-
lime brick company of North Judson, and the Shaw Sys¬
tem Co., of Chicago, at the head of which is Mrs. F. D.
Shaw and a number of western capitalists. Mrs. Shaw
is the inventor of a new process of enameling brick, which
.is claimed to be superior to any method now in existence.
She is interested in a number of brick plants in the coun¬
try and has a laboratory at Trenton, N. J.

The Shaw System Co., will use the products of this
plant and will invest about $15,000 in a kiln for the enam¬
eling of the brick with a porcelain finish. The new firm
will also make paving brick. Only the best product will
be put out — brick which will sell for from $20 to $80 per
thousand. The brick made by the Shaw Co., have been
passed on by building inspectors of Chicago and other
competent judges.

Mrs. Shaw and her attorneys had made several visits
to North Judson plant before consummating the deal and
they declare the plant there to be the most ideal one they
have ever visited. They will invest between $40,000 and
$50,000 and will incrase the capacity of the plant to 100,000
brick a day. This will mean much for North Judson as
it will bring men here from all over the country and the
product which will be shipped out will make the town
known far and wide.

USE WATER FOR LIGHT AND POWER

The Provo (Utah) Pressed Brick Company filed appli¬
cation with the state engineer to appropriate 100 second
feet of water from Provo river in addition to their present
supply.

The diverting works are to consist of four-foot gates,
three in number, side by side, and a diverting channel and
tail race. The length of the channel is to be 4,591 feet and
the tail race 1,339 feet- Two turbines will be installed to
develop 75 horse power, to be used for electric lighting
and propelling machinery at the company’s plant.

DIANA AND BEAUMONT BRICK PLANTS
HAVE BEEN MERGED

A consolidation of the Diana Brick and Tile company
and the Beaumont (Texas) Brick company has been ef¬
fected by the incorporation of the Gulf States Brick com¬
pany, of which the incorporators include the leading stock¬
holders in the two companies named. The incorporators
are Newton R. Wilson of Mexico, Sam Park of Beaumont,
E. M. Loeb of New Orleans, T. J. Feibleman of New Or¬
leans and A. C. Wurppel of New Orleans. The capital
stock of the new concern is $250,000. S. A. Hiller of New
Orleans is the secretary of the company.

The Diana company owns a large brick plant at Loeb on
the Sabine and East Texas railroad and the Beaumont com¬
pany’s plant is located a few miles north of the city. By the
consolidation the interests of the plant will be increased,
the capacity will about be doubled, and many other im¬
provements will be made. . It will give this city one of the
largest brick and tile plants in the South and the brick
which have been turned out by both plants have made a fine
impression wherever shown. A red pressed brick is made,
which it is claimed is superior in quality and looks to the
St. Louis red pressed brick.

CL-75Y RECORD

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS

The Ceylon (Minn.) Tile Works started up the first of
the month making cement tile.

A. W. Barker, Fort Pierre, S. Dak., has put in a cement
brick machine at that place.

Burnett, Wisconsin, is to have a cement brick plant; same
will be at the junction and have good railroad facilities.

Col. Joseph H. Stahl, Los Cruces, N. M., is putting on a
hydraulic sand cement brick machine to make composite
brick at the rate of 15,000 daily.

The plant of the Saginaw (Mich.) Pressed Brick Co.,
at Carrollton, Mich., has been dismantled and the machinery
has been disposed of and moved from the city.

The Seminole Press Brick Co., Jacksonville, Fla., is
said to be making a great hit with their new brick and the
demand for their product is greatly increasing.

The Cheyenne (Wyoming) Cement, Stone & Brick Co.,
has been organized and will build a cement brick plant
to make 10,000 brick daily. W. S. Thomas is the manager.

Leon Locke, secretary of the Board of Trade at Lake
Charles, La., is figuring with parties to erect a sand lime
brick plant at that place, estimated to cost complete $2,500.

The Enid (Okla.) Cement Pressed Brick Co., reports
orders so heavy that they were obliged to purchase a second
machine and are now installing the same. Max Hoover
is the proprietor.

Rapid progress is being made on the sand lime brick
plant which is being built at Ballstone Spa., N. Y. Edwin
G. Kastenhuber the manager, has been sick at his home
in Schenectady.

The Columbia Silica Brick Co., 419 Market St., Camden,

N. J., has been incorporated with $125,000 capital stock.
Incorporators are John A. Wilson, George S. Houghton
and M. J. Dain.

The Cape Henry Granite Brick Co., Norfolk, Va., has
been incorporated with $90,000 capital stock. R. C. Marks
is president, M. L. T. Davis, vice president, R. C. Marks, '
Jr., secretary and treasurer.

The Graham Construction Co., Hattiesburg, Miss., has
been incorporated with $60,000 capital stock and will manu¬
facture blocks and brick from sand. H. A. Camp and W.

O. Graham are the incorporators.

The Mississippi Cement Tile Co., Jackson, Miss., has been
incorporated with $10,000 capital stock. The incorporators
are F. B. Fox, G. L. Ragland, and others. They will erect
at once a large plant for making cement tile.

Charles L. Wagner, of Charlevoix, Mich., and others are
organizing a sand lime brick company for that place. The
city council has voted’ the land to the company and the
building must be up and plant in operation by July 1,
and to operate five years, employing a minimum of twelve
men. They will make 20,000 brick daily.

The plant of the Fremont (O.) Pressed Brick Co. is to
be removed to Temperance, Mich., where a company has
been organized known as the Toledo (O.) Granite Brick
Mfg. Co. The officers are: Lewis Hartman, of Woodville,
president ; Henry Edmeister of Toledo, vice president, and
Samuel Wallace of Temperance, secretary and treasurer.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

James R. Nolan, Senoia, Ga., will establish a brick mak¬
ing plant near that place.

J. L. Taliaferro, 209 No. 29th Street, Richmond, Va.,
wants a 25,000 capacity stiff mud brick making outfit.

The Red River Valley Brick Corporation, Grand Forks,
N. Dak., is shipping 8,000,000 brick to Minot to be used
in a new mill.

The Wausau (Wis.) Brick & Tile Co., has filed an in¬
crease of its capital stock from $12,000 to $20,000 with the
state secretary.

N. S. Basom of Groton, S. Dak., has made arrangements
to put in a 40,000 capacity brick works. The outside in¬
terests are from Minnesota.

The Plymouth Clay Products Co., Ft. Dodge, Iowa, has
been incorporated with $250,000 capital stock. They will
build a new sewer pipe plant.

J. G. McDonald, McIntyre Gulch, Boise, Idaho, has
received the machinery for the brick making plant and
is now preparing to make brick.

The Union Brick & Tile Co., Warsaw, N. C., has been
incorporated with $50,000 capital stock by D. F. Faison,
A. M. Faison and J. E. Richwine.

The Stein-Williams Brick Co., Youngstown, Ohio, have
purchased a site and are working on remodeling the build¬
ings so as to make 25,000 brick daily.

The Alexis (Ills.) Brick & Tile Works is now being
cleaned up in readiness to start. A large boiler will be in¬
stalled and other improvements made.

The Benton Harbor (Mich.) Brick & Tile Co., will
secure the power to operate its plant from the light and
power company to drive all its machinery.

The Virginia Brick Co., Chilhowie, Va., will begin the
manufacture of brick in forty days at their new plant.
Joel Booth and J. J. Dungan are the owners.

C. E. Drew, C. C. Binner and John Herbst, all leading
citizens of Bunker Hill, Ills., are planning for a paving
block and brick factory, and are now visiting works of this
kind throughout the state.

At Richmond, Ind., a $25,000 brick plant will be built.
E. Louck, R.' Sedgwick, C. E. Shiveley, C. S. Markley, A.
D. Gayle, T. H. Hall, J. W. Morrison, Geo. W. Miller,
J. L. Rupe, F. M. Taylor and others are interested

Ex-Senator Henry Burkhardt, of Wabasha Co., Minn.,
may establish a brick plant at Crookston on land owned by
his son, Otto Burkhardt, proprietor of the Cleveland
House. Mr. Burkhardt is an experienced brick maker.

The Tennessee Ball & Sagger Clay Co., Morganfield,
Ky., has been organized with $250,000 capital stock and
will operate nine clay properties in the southern states.
Harry Watkins, of Mayfield, Ky., is the president of the
company.

The Spring City (Pa.) Brick Works of which J. Frank
Boyer is the principal owner, has been started up after a
four months’ shut down. The Crumlic system of drying
and burning has been installed. The company has orders
ahead for the entire. year.

The Georgia Brick Co. will soon have their plant built
at Adairville, Ga.

The Goodwin Brick Works, at Minonk, Ills., are being
improved to the extent of $6,000 this spring. A new en¬
gine and boiler and steam drying plant is being added.

P. J. Fish, formerly travelling representative for Tap-
lin, Rice & Co., Akron, Ohio, has accepted a position as
manager of the Whitehall Sewer Pipe & Stoneware Co.,
White Hall, Ills.

The Diamond Fire Brick Co., Canon City, Colo, - intend
to make all kinds of fire brick in their new plant which will
soon be completed. All the various shapes used in the
blast furnaces, and heretofore coming from the east will be
made.

Oliver St. Germain, Havre, Montana, has leased the
brick yard for three years from Joe Gussenhoven, and will
operate it to its fullest capacity. Extensive improvements
are to be made and thoroughly up to date machinery will

be installed.

The Richmond Brick Co., Richmond, Ind., has been in¬
corporated with $25,000 capital stock. Ebon Louck is
president, Richard Sedgwick vice-president, A. D. Gayle,
treasurer and secretary. They have bought the old Mather
and Kelsey site and machinery in West Richmond.

E. T. Murphy has resigned from the B. F. Sturtevant
Co.’s New York branch to again accept a position with the
Buffalo Forge Co., operating from their New York City
branch. Mr. Murphy received his early training in the
blower business with the Buffalo Forge Co., at their Buf¬
falo works, and later at their branch in Philadelphia.

S. E. Hall, of Bangor, is considering the building of a
brick works at Ellsworth, Maine.

Common brick at Des Moines, la., are selling at from
$8.00 to $8.40 per thousand with a splendid demand.

W. H. Dail, Jr., Greenville, N. C., has bought twenty
acres of land and is now building the buildings for a brick
plant with a capacity of 20,000 brick daily.

Plans are being made for Pittsburg and Wheeling capi¬
talists to build a plant at Follansbee, W. Va. The plant will

be a big one and be in operation sometime during the sum¬
mer.

Strain & Chrissinger have located permanently at Mt.
Pleasant, Iowa, where they bought five acres of clay from
Dr. J. O. Ball. The factory will be in operation the first of
June.

The Galena (O.) Clay Products Co. has been incorporat¬
ed with $10,000 capital stock. The incorporators are J. J.
Adams, James Rose, W. C. Roberts, E. B. Cole and E. C.
Bennett.

C. E. Poston started on the work of building the new
brick plant at Attica, Ind., April 1. This will be a twelve-
kiln plant from the start and increased as rapidly as pos¬
sible. They will make “Oriental” and “Postonian” brick.

The Dina Brick & Tile Co. and the Beaumont (Texas)
Brick Co. have been consolidated under the name Gulf
States Brick Co., capital stock $250,000. Newton R. Wil¬
son is president; E. M. Loeb, vice president, and R. M.
Hollowed, treasurer ; S. A. Hiller, secretary. Offices at
New Orleans and Beaumont.

The New San Francisco Continuous Kiln

is the only CONTINUOUS KILN hav ng regenerative furnaces for burning bricks with CRUDE OIL or POWDERED COAL

WILLIAM A. BUTLER, Patentee, 34 Parkside Ave. San Francisco, Cal.

This kiln has the greatest thermic efficiency, for the following
reasons:

FIRST— A perfect system of regulating the velocity of gases
through the kiln.

SECOND— No excess of air, such as is required in UP-DRAFT or
DOWN-DRAFT kilns.

THIRD — Perfect air recuperation.

FOURTH— Perfect combustion.

FIFTH — Epss by radiation reduced to a minimum.

SIXTH— No cold air admitted with the fuel in the combustion
chambers.

SEVENTH— Heat generated instantaneously.

EIGHTH— No delays, no waiting for the coal or other fuel to
ignite, as in the ordinary continuous kiln.

NINTH -The burning bricks receive the full benefit of all the heat
produced, as the combustion chambers are contiguous to the kiln.

TENTH— The amount of heat generated is at least 100# greater
than that produced bv coal screenings dropped between the burning
bricks in a given length of time, in the ordinary continuous kiln.

CONSTRUCTION

This kiln can be constructed with 10# less material than the ordi¬
nary continuous kiln.

The outside and inside walls, etc. are left down to a point four
feet below the coal-floor line of the ordinary continuous kiln, the arch
only being built above this line.

There are no BAGS or BAG WADES to take down and rebuild
when the kiln doors are opened and sealed up.

Has no complicated system of flues.

Has no complicated system of GAS PRODUCERS.

Can be arranged for utilizing the surplus heat with a blower, no
chimney being required in this case.

This system applied to a HOFFMAN KIEN will increase its capac¬
ity at least 100 per cent.

OLMY RECORD

James T. Harris, Spartanburg, S. C., is in the market
for brick-making machinery.

Frank H. Stover, Waynetown, Ind., is moving his brick
works to a new location south of town.

John J. Burns has taken charge of the Coucher McAdoo
Co.’s sewer pipe plant at East Palestine, Ohio.

The Red River Valley Brick Corporation, Grand Forks,
N. Dak., has increased its capital stock from $50,000 to
$150,000.

The Humboldt (Kansas) Brick Mfg. Co. have received
a new 350 h. p. Corliss engine and are now installing it in
their works.

The Atlanta Mining & Clay Co., Macon, Ga., will make
•extensive improvements to its plant at Dry Branch that will
cost $130,000. T. A. Gresham is the manager.

Krick, Tyndall &’Co., Decatur, Ind., will increase their
•capital stock from $75,000 to $100,000 and build new build¬
ing, install new machinery and so arrange their plant that
they can operate it the year around.

The Houma (La) Brick Co., Ltd., has been organized
-with $io,oco capital stock. The officers are Arthur A.
Bonvillain, president ; A. J. Bonvillain, treasurer, and M.
H. Webb, secretary. They propose to make 15,000 brick
•daily.

The White Earth (N. Dak.) Coal Mining, Brick & Tile
Co. has been incorporated with $200,000 capital stock. In¬
corporators are, Clark E. Shepard, W. E. Arnot, W. C.
Gibb, Jr., Robert Wilson, S. T. Key, Richard Slater, and
Heskin Slater, all of White Earth

The Lindenwald Brick Co., Hamilton, Ohio, which was
incorporated some time ago, began operations the first of
this month, making 20,000 brick daily.

The Kaolin Products Co. has been incorporated at Port¬
land, Maine, with $1,500,000 capital stock. J. E. Manter
is president and C. E. Easton, treasurer.

The F. Pitts Clay Co., Lisbon, Ohio, has been incorpor¬
ated with $10,000 capital stock by J. M. Elliott, P. M. Craw¬
ford, P. A. Dickey, John R. Ells, and A. Redick.

The Commercial Club, of Mankato, Minn., are having
the clays of that neighborhood tested for making drain tile
and pressed brick. J. H. Spencer is the secretary.

The Yorkshire (Ohio) Tile & Brick Co. has been incor¬
porated with $10,000 capital stock by C. E. Russell, L. A.
Hess, J. J. Bulcher, E. A. Fisher and T. H. Strecker.

The U. S. Brick Co., Tell City, Ind., has been incorporat¬
ed with $80,000 capital stock. The incorporators are Chas.
F. Herrman, Royden E. Weaver and Nicholas Goffint.

The Kaempff Shale Brick Co., Kansas City, Mo., has
been incorporated with $30,000 capital stock. Incorpora¬
tors are Walter A. Hammond, secretary and treasurer and
Fred C. Kaempff, president. They have bought the Stu-
kenberg Pressed Brick Co.’s plant and will increase it to
100,000 capacity daily.

The American Clay Products Co., whose plant is at
Roanoke, Ills., is now running the plant at its fullest capac¬
ity. New machinery, drying rooms and other improve¬
ments have been added. Geo. H. Willems who formerly
owned the plant is the superintendent. Martin W. Lauer,
of Chicago, is the president.

Defy Competition

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DIRECT HEAT

DRYERS

1 -FOR - ...

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY

COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

62=64 William St. NEW YORK CITY

■

CLHY RECORD.

B. F. Atherton has purchased of H. D. Brown his brick
yard at Waterbury, Vt.

The Waynesboro (Pa.) Brick & Stone Co. is preparing
to manufacture paving brick.

The Stevenson Brick Co., McVeytown, Pa., has been in¬
corporated with $10,000 capital stock.

The four tile factories at Spencer, Iowa, which have been
practically idle during the winter, opened up the fore part
of the month.

The Business Mens’ Association of Francisville, Ind.,
appointed a committee to raise $25,000 to locate a terra
cotta plant at that place.

Work on the Burke Brick Co.’s plant at Ft. Smith, Ark.,
is progressing rapidly. It is expected that the plant will
be ready to begin making brick in thirty days.

The Black Hand Tile & Brick Co. has been organized
with $15,000 capital stock for the purpose of building a
plant at Black Hand, Toboso P. O., Licking Co., Ohio.

The C. W. Raymond Co., Dayton, Ohio, has been incor¬
porated with $200,000 capital stock, by Charles W. Ray¬
mond and others to manufacture clay-working machinery.

The Tama Iowa News is calling upon the citizens of that
town to establish a brick and tile works there, claiming that
a clay of excellent, fine shipping facilities and a good de¬
mand for brick.

The Potlatch (Idaho) Brick Co. has purchased the plant
of the Palouse (Wash.) Brick & Tile Co. a mile south of
the city, and the plant will be moved to Potlatch for the
season and later moved back to Palouse, Wash.

The Minter City Tile Co., Minter City, Miss., has been
incorporated with $48,000 capital stock, by S. D. Jonds, D.
T. Mitchell and others.

S. N. Lowell, proprietor of the Rock Hill (S. C.) Bot¬
tling Works, is preparing to start a brick works of 30,000
daily capacity, near the Ashe Brick Works.

Whittemore, Iowa, business men are agitating the put¬
ting in of a tile plant at that place. There seems to be
enough capital in sight to push the proposition.

, The Atlanta Terra Cotta Co., of New York City, N. Y.,
has certified with the secretary of state that its capital stock
has been increased from $1,000,000 to $3,000,000.

The Lethbridge (Alta.) Brick & Terra Cotta Co. was re¬
cently held and the capital stock increased from $25,000 to
$75>°°°- $25,000 is being spent now on improvements.

The Meadow Brook Construction Co., Scranton, Pa.,
will resume operations at the old Connell plant after an
idleness of several months. Michael Connolly is in charge.

The West Coast Brick & Tile Co., Centralia, Wash., has
been organized with $15,000 capital stock. Incorporators
are A. Hartz, S. R. Wagoner, W. Kuehn, and C. S. Gil¬
christ.

George N. Dyer, who for the past thirty-three years has
conducted a brick yard at Gardner, Mass., has decided to
give up the manufacture of brick and expects to manufac¬
ture cement blocks.

The Richfield (Utah) Brick & Tile Co. has been incor¬
porated with $4,000 capital stock. J. W. Stewart is presi¬
dent, J. A. Jepsen, vice president, and A. E. Youngberg,
secretary and treasurer.

The Ideal Brick Kiln

SHOULD DE

Cheap and durable and have a big daily capacity.

In order to save fuel it should be of the continuous type.

To produce clean colored bricks without cracks, the pre¬
liminary drying should be performed in chambers separated
from the burning compartment proper, according to the
principle of the common up-draft kiln.

The heat from the already burned cooling bricks should
preferably be used to lighten the burning proper.

The different stages of the burning process should always
. be easily observable. Such one is the

CEIMELEWSkl PATENT KILN

Dr. HERMAN RABERGH

Sole Agent in the U. S. A. and Canada

24 Cottage Ave. • Fitchburg, Mass.

FOR SALE

W. H. VANDER HAYDEN,

Ionia. Mich

BRICK AND TILE MACHINERY AT SACRIFICE

Where a country is tiled, factories are offered
complete, or in part. Cheap Have several Brewer
Mills for sale, and others.

Engines, Boilers, Crushers. Drying Pipes, etc. If
you wish to buy or sell write

Brick and Tile Machinery

Secor, Ill-

A GOOD LOCATION FOR PLANT

New Athens offers an exceptionally good location
for a large Dry Press brick yard. Only 28 miles
from East St. Louis, where the entire product can
be marketed. For particulars address,

BUSINESS MEN’S LEAGUE,
New Athens, Ill.

STEAM SHOVEL WAMTED

A second-hand Steam Shovel, small or medium
capacity, in good condition, is wanted by

STRAIGHT BROS. CO.

Fonda, Iowa

FOR SALE OR LEASE

A thoroughly modern up-to-date Brick Plant with a
capacity of 20000 to 25,000 per day. Make all kinds
■ brick. Good shale. Donn draft kilns and the best
of machinery, including dry press.

CLAY CENTER BRICK CO

Clay Center, Kansas

FOR SALE

Modern Soft Mud Plant, city 12.000, good business,
good prices, abundance of clay and sand. Address,

Wm. M. REED,

Princeton; Ind.

FOR SALE AT A BARGAIN.

One Semisteel Company’s Sampson Sand-lime
Brick Press in good condition, used but a short time.

Address W. P. BRUBAKER,

Jacksonville, Fla.

FOR SALE

One Chambers pug mill, practically new, sufficiently
large for any output. A first class machine in every
respect. Address

ALONZO CURTIS BRICK CO.,

Grant Park, Ills.

MACHINERY FOR SALE

The following machinery not used by us but all
in good condition, will be sold at very reasonable
prices.

One Penfield Single Mould Power Re-Press, capa¬
city 10,000 a day.

Two Fate" Company Bensing Automatic Side cut¬
ting tables. American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave., New York.

FOR SALE

One Freese Combination Brick Machine, capacity
20,000 to 30,000 per day. Hand cutting table and
winding drum. Excellent condition and only run
four months. Good reason for selling.

Address S, Care CLAY RECORD, Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

One Second hand Four Mould Dry Press, in good
order. One of the best presses on the market.
Answer quick if you want it.

Address G. care Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Two complete sets brick making machinery, in
eluding Chambers brick machines, elevators, clay
rolls, granulators, hoists, etc.

ILLINOIS BRICK CO..

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

For Sale— 75 Acres; 60 feet of Shale.

10 feet of Fire Clay, 3 feet of Coal developed.
Excellent conditions Railroad track.

Price, $15,000. Address.

NEW CENTRAL COAL CO.

Terre Haute, Ind.

ENGINES AND BOILERS

Corlis engines, 20x48, 18x36, 16x42, 12x36. Also 40
other sizes and styles in stock.

Boilers, Tubular, 84x18. 78x16, 72x18. Also 60 other
styles and sizes in stock.

Send specifications of your requirements and we
will make you a proposition that will interest you.

THE RANDLE MACHINERY CO.

1732 Powers St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

FOR SALE CHEAP.

One Monarch Brick Machine No. 166, capacity
35,000. One Brewer Clay Crusher, one Sander and
Dump Table, four Brick Barrows, three Brick Trucks.
About 16, Off) Lath Pallets. Shafting and Pulleys.
All the above are in good condition. Will sell all or
part to suit purchasers. Address,

PFFIFFER & SON.

Gettysburg, |Pa.

A COMPLETE BRICK MAKING OUTFIT
FOR SALE CHEAP

We are consolidating our paving brick plants. This
throws out of use.

One Center Crank, 100 horse power Engine.

Two Boilers, 50 horse power each.

One Feed Pump.

One eight foot Frost Dry Pan, wood frame,

One Elevator. One Pug Mill.

One Augur Machine, 5o,ooocapacity.

One Freese Automatic Cutter.

Shafiing, Pulleys and Belting. All in good working
order and valued at over $5000. Will sell same cheap.
Immediately delivery

STREATOR PAVING BRICK CO.

Streator, Illinois

FOR SALE.

Right and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO„

Cleveland, Ohio.

COR SALE— CHEAP— New and re-laying rails, 12,
r 16, 20 and 25 pound. For prices, address I

ATLAS CAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

BRIGHT YOUNG MEN WANTED

Can make a profit of $175
to $200 per month without
investing any money.

Address: H. A. LINAWEAVER
552 Wabash Avenue
CHICAGO

FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE

45 ton, 1% yard Vulcan Steam Shovel in first class
condition. Price $3500.

One Nor 2 Giant Brick Machine, made by the
American Clay Machinery Co.

One large sized Granulator.

One set ol Large Sized Rolls.

Fifty double deck Brick Cars.

Large quantity of rails and steam pipe.

STEGER BRICK CO.

Suite 306. 145 La Salle St., Chicago, Ill.

POSITION WANTED

Young man with experience wants position as
manager or superintendent, stiff mud brick yard.
Can bring men to fill all the important positions
from foreman, burners and setters down.

Willing to go anywhere. Best references.

Address R, Care CLAY RECORD,

Chicago, Illinois.

FOR SALE

We offer for sale at a sacrifice the fol¬
lowing BOYD Presses:

One 3 riold Standard 1891 Pattern
Two 4 Hold Standard 1897 Pattern
All in good condition. Inspection in¬
vited. Immediate shipment.

Harrison=Walker Refactories Co.,
Farmers Bank Building,

Pittsburgh, Pa.

Paper Jogger, quoted.

R. A. HART. 41 White St.„

No better nude, nil Iron
S3 and S13, lo

4 Wheel, S3 00

5 Wheel. 1F3.25
Guaranteed.

Sold by all dealers
BATTLE CREEK, MICH

FOR SALE OR TRADE.

Two Brick and Tile Plants in Iowa and Illinois,
now running. Address.

THE KILN DOCTOR,

514 Fourth Street, Dayton, Ohio.

BUCK PLANT TO LEASE

Will lease my brick plant at Sutton to good party
for one-third profit or one-fifth of the out-put.
Plenty of good clay. Good market.

S. HUNZIKER,

Sutton, Neb

A FORTUNE FOR A BRICKMAKER

Brick Manufacturing Plant to Lease

From tlie estate of the former owner who died
recently, I have acquired a complete brick-yard
plant equipped with sheds, grinding pits, kilns, etc.,
and including nearly 30 acres of practically unlim ted
deposits of pressed-brick clay. 1 % miles from center
of city. Labor cheap and plentiful. ALONGSIDE
READING RAILROAD. 30 miles to Philadelphia,
60 miles to New York. Capacity of yard run by
horse-power 3 millions. By equipping plant with
some machinery could produce 10 to 12 millions.
Common brick sold in Trenton last year for from
$8.50 to $12.50; pressed brick, $16.00 to $20.00. Market
unlimited.

If you can command capital to run the business,
this is the chance of a lifetime. Will lease on rent-
on royalty basis. Triflers need not apply Telephone,
telegraph or write me at once, giving references or
reasonable evidence of your ability to command capi¬
tal, and state probable quantity of bricks you would
expect to make. ALBERT BRANDT,

Trenton, New Jersey.

PARTNER WANTED

A good, reliable man of experience, with some
capital to invest in and take charge of a new Dry
Press Brick Plant. Plenty of shale, and good mar¬
ket for all the brick. Address

DENIS, care Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

YARD TO LEASE

C. M. 345 Ohio St., Chicago.

STONE MAKING
MONEY MAKING

By the PETTYJOHN System.

More Pettyjohn Concrete
Block Machines in use than
any other — there’s a reason.

Machines from $35 to $275.

Guaranteed in every way and
shipped on trial anywhere.

Let us tell you how to start a
Stone- Making- Money- Mak¬
ing factory in YOUR town.

Our catalog of concrete facts
is free.

The Pettyjohn Company

622 N. 6th St.. - TERRE HAUTE, IND.

THE WONDER OF THE AGE

Grateless Furnace
Kiln

For Up-Draft Clamp
Kilns and Down-Draft
Kilns remodeled; also
plans for new Kilns
furnished. Yard rights
for sale.

Write for particulars to

F. E. SWIFT

514 West Fourth St.
Dayton Ohio.

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATF D APRIL, 1902

S A O I NAW , MICH.

Improved Komnick Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy 'brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

Don’t confuse our Practical System with the so-called
Scientific Systems. We have the Practical System, the Prac¬
tical Machinery, the Practical Press, the Practical hydra¬
tion and the Piactica* Outfit, which is Manufactured in our
own Shops, under the supervision of Practical Men with
Practical Kxoerience.

uur plants are installed under the .‘upervision of Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand*Lime Krick should be
and ca<» be made. We have Pract cal Plants Punning
Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT S IENTISTS

We Produce Result*, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

LAY WORKER^ HAND=BOOK

A Manual for all Engaged in the
Hanufacture of Articles from Clay

JUST OUT : : PRICE $2.00

NOW READY— A TREATISE ON

PRODUCER-GAS and
GAS-PRODUCERS

BY AN ACKNOWLEDGED AUTHORITY.

A 300-page book containing thirty chapters, giving the fundamental
principles and definitions, calculations, classifications, manufacture and
use; the fuel, the requirements, the history, its by-products, Producer-
Gas for firing kilns, steam boilers, and power plants. The
future of the Gas-producer and a bibliography.

OVER lOO CHOICE ILLUSTRATIONS— PRICE, $4.00.

A subscription to the CLAY RECORD for one year without additional
charge to those that are not now subscribers.

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO, ILL.

■■■■i iiiiaiaiiiianiiaiaBaHii ■■■■■■■■■■■ai

Main Yard and Office Branch Yard Banister River,

South Boston, Va. Branch N. 4 W. Ry.

BOSTON BRICK COMPANY
Manufacturers of Plain and Fancy
BricX, Cement Brick and Bioclts

H. W.iCosBY, Superintendent and General Manager.

South Boston, Va., January 19, 1907.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co .

Marion, Ind.

Gentlemen: —

The greatest trouble brick men have is getting hands to feed regu¬
larly — they will over feed and choke the machine break or run belts Off
and then sit down and rest while the owner labors to repair and start up
again. Your Clay Feeder is perfect and is indispensable to any brick
manufacturer who wishes to make a good brick at lowest cost.

Yours truly,

Signed by H. W., Cosby, Supt. and Gen. Mgr. BOSTON BRICK CO.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Go.

Marion, Ind.

FOR SALE

A Fine Opportunity

On or prior to January ist , 1908, we shall discontinue the manufacture of
Brick Machines and brick yard supplies. We offer for sale at any fair bid our
business, good will patterns, supplies and stock on hand. Our old reliable
Machines are sold throughout the entire United States without expense to us
and any one who engages in manufacturing can increase their sale largely by
slight effort. These Machines have been made in this factory for thirty years.

The Tiffin Wagon Company, - - Tiffin, Ohio

CLHY RECORD.

TO SOFT MUD BRICK MAKERS

We have in the AMERICAN PRESSED STEEL PALLET the best pallet ever made. It has features
possessed by no other pallet, and is the strongest and longest-lived.

Let us send you a circular explaining why our pallet is what we claim for it. We’ll send a sample pallet
too, if you want it.

Steel pallets need no repairs That would save a good many dollars in a year. Write us to day and give
us a chance to prove what we say.

THE AMERICAN PULLEY CO., 29th and Bristol Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

MAKERS OF ‘AMERICAN” WROUGHT STEEL PULLEYS.

I VHY

MAKE

YOUR

‘oewn brick cutting wires

When You Can Buy Ready Hade Cheaper?

BEND FOB SAMPLES AND PRICES.

GEORGE S. COX, East Liverpool, Ohio.

FOR ALL USES. ,

LUMP.<iRAIN-°(jROUHD

60-70?* 70-80 80 SO?* OXIDE?

Clay Workers Goods a .Specialty.

SAMPLES and PRICES on INQUIRY.

< » ... r-. i> , , ■ t

KENDALL & FLICK

WASHINGTON. D.C. .

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventative for scum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

PearY&r^t NEW YORK

NEEDED in every HOME,
SCHOOL and OFFICE.

Reliable, Useful, Attractive, Lasting, Up
to Date and Authoritative. 2380 Pages,
6000 Illustrations. Recently added 26,000
New Words, New Gazetteer and New Bio¬
graphical Dictionary. Editor W. T. Harris,
Ph.D., LL.D., United States Com. of Ed’n.
Highest Awards at St. Louis and Portland.

Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. Largest of
our abridgments. Regular and Thin Paper
editions. Unsurpassed for elegance and con¬
venience. 1116 pages and 1100 illustrations.

Write for “The Story of a Book”— Free.

G. & C. MERRIAM CO., Springfield, MasB.
' GET THE BEST.

Clay Record

Is semi-monthly
It Costs

One Dollar

A Year

G. K, WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

i Something New In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Dennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of advantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April 14,
1903 and Septembers. 1903
Brick plants installed and
put in operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water St., Norfolk, Va.

W WNP W a -

Va. t

Absolutely safe and reliable.

Ask your friends

A WOODEN TOWER

Is a source of annoyance and danger. It is
liable to rot and collapse at any time. A

CALDWELL STEEL TOWER

is safe, staunch and durable and will carry
four times the weight of the filled tank.
Expensive labor is not necessary to erect
these outfits, your own men can do it. We
furnish all plans.

Send for illustrated catalogue and price list.

W. E. CALDWELL CO., - Louisville, Ky.

<§Ep>

FIRE! FIRE!

EXTINGUISHERS

For all Purposes

“Utica” No. 2 for Homes

“ No. 3 “ Factories

| TDPi*yosfl«E :|

“ No. 4 “ Fire Departments

I [' U»B»miD!I]0(£j ||

“ No. 7 “ Launches

l Hi !

“ No. 8 “ Steamships

“CHILDS” for Insurance requirements.

Approved, Tested and Labeled by the

§rjj

Underwriters’ Laboratories

O. J. CHILDS COMPANY

III, 111’ 11I

Sole Manufacturers

wtW'

UTICA N. Y.

["perfegtion brick moulds']

These are the ■
kind of Brick ■
Moulds the Brick ■
Makers have al- ■
ways wanted but K
could not get till ■
now. You can ■
get a mould that n
the vents a l- e ■
right all the time ■
No char. geB
whether the ■
Mould is r. at or ■
dry. Try a sam- ■
plo order. Satis- ■
taction guaran- ■
teed. 0

patented jas. 28, 1902. V

THE ARNOLD-GREAGER CO.

NEW L0ND0M, OHIO. 5

iNflMRamiiBiaaiMHMnaaBniaaiBBNHiaimRmR

TWO PAPERS forthe PRICE OF ONE

f | ''HE CONCRETE AGE is the leading paper of its class in
I this country — 64 large pages profusely illustrated. Shows
pictures and floor plans; cost, etc., of all kinds of build¬
ings of concrete construction. Ably edited. Invaluable to
every architect and builder. The price is $.100 per vear.

THE SOUTHERN ARCHITECT is an ideal paper in its field.
Shows views, plans, cost, etc., of the better class of buildings
being erected in the south. Price is $'.00 per year. Even-
issue is worth price of year’s subscription.

BOTH PATERS FOK. $1.00

For a limited time only we will send both papers one year for
$1.00. Send us $1.00, check, stamps, money order, or currency,
and both papers, The Concrete Age and The Southern-
Architect, will come to you twelve months. Subscribe today.

4>4><5 BOX 846 $4)
ATLANTA. GA.

THE SOUTHERN ARCHITECT

• A A ^W-^W -JW JW A

Their Occurence, Properties and

With special reference to those of the
United States, by Heinrich, Ries Ph. D.
8 Vol. 490 pages, 65 figures, 44 plates

PRICE $5.00 NET

►
►
►
►

Uses

►
>
►

Clay Record Publishing Co., £

Chicago, Illinois

l jypt jy j^l y

►

aaaafli
m
vt
m
■

■

H
■
■
B
0
0 -

Brick Moulds and
Brick Barrows

With Moulds and Barrows it is not the first
cost, but it is, will they last? We have made
them for over 30 years and know your wants.

All kinds and shapes. A trial order will oon-
vinoe.

James B. Crowell & Son,

Wallkill, N. Y.

♦

H. JVI. DEAVITT,

PRACTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMIST,
Garden City Block,

CHICAGO.

Analyses of Clay, Sand, Lime, Cement Materials and
Shales a specialty.

Special attention given to the preparation of Clay Pro¬
ducts from the raw material.

A well equipped laboratory and long experience in this
branch of work enables us to give expert reports on obtaining
glazes on refractory materials.

All enquiries in regard to the above will receive prompt
attention.

“New Era” Gasoline

Gasoline Engines

and GAS PRODUCERS

If you want a perfect built, and successful running Gas
Engine, order the New Era, which has our Patented Water
Jacketed Solid Cylinder Head, requiring no Packing. We
use a >trap Style Connecting Rod, which never breaks, Aux=
iliary and Rt gular Exhaust, Make and EPeak t lectric Igniter.
We have more good points in the construction of the New Rra
than anv other Gas Engine built. Sizes from I y? to 15 1 Horse
Power

For Catalogue and further information, write to

THE NEW ERA GAS ENGINE CO. .'Wd-Id: Wd

] Grinding Pans— Dry and Wet

Tell us the kind of material and capacity you
have and we will quote you accordingly.
We make CRUSHERS also.

Phillips & McLaren

BORTON & TIERNEY CO., Philadelphia, Pa

EASTERN SALES AGENTS

V V wvvv ww

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►
►
>
>
>
>

Pittsburg, Pa. ?

JEFFREY CONVEYORS

SAVE

TIME— LABOR-MONEY

No Yard is complete without our Barney Brick Converor System
SEND FOR CATALOGUE No. 75

yiDDRESS

The Jeffrey Manufacturing

Company

Columbus - Ohio, U. S. A.

New York — Chicago — Boston — St. Louis -Denver

HICKS CLAY CO.

MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF

Best grade clays which can be manufactured into
anything known to the clay trade.

We have an inexhaustible supply covering 230
acres and 70 feet deep. Unexcelled facilities for prompt
shipments and can load any amount at any time.

All clays 75 cents per ton f. o. b for this year only.

We also offer special inducements for parties desiring
to locate and will entertain any legitimate proposition
even to furnishing one-half of the capital for any sized
plant.

We are located advantageously at junction point of
the Chicago & Alton R. R. and also on the C. B. & Q.,
70 miles north of St. Louis, Mo.

Samples and analysis of all clays sent free upon
request. Correspondence solicited.

H. C. WORCESTER, Secy. CH AS. T. HICKS, Pres.
R00DH0USE, ILL. DRAKE, ILL.

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

Price Right,
Write Us

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,
Rigid. (Patented.)

ALL STYLES

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO,

nsrii_.ES, Ohio

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES. IOWA

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

A well-tried and
proven Success.

GLHY RECORD.

_ tammm nm|H

(Arthur koppel Company

i 760 J

Steel Double Side Dump Cars of
Every Description

Complete Installation of
Industrial and Portable

RAILROADS

Immediate Delivery

Of Portable Track, Steel Dump Cars,
Switches, Frogs, Turntables, Rails,
Dryer Cars, Transfer Cars etc.

Write for Catalog No. 48

ARTHUR

KOPPEL

COMPANY

66=68 Broad St., New York 1639 Monadnock Block, Chicago
53 Oliver Street, Boston Machesney Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.

Chronicle Bldg., San Francisco

^rcss,

^V'er County ’

Trade-Mark.

THE TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR CO.

1856====^======= CUYAHOGA FALLS, OHIO, U. S. A. - =1907

PATENTED

NINE FOOT COMBINATION:MILL

THE PARENT OF RAPID GRINDING AND TEMPERING.

PAN AND RECIPROCATING WHEELS

COMBINATION MILLS

Twice the capacity of a wet pan and at
less horse power.

yj I

SAVE THE UNNECESSARY HANDLING

NO DRY PAN GRINDING. NO DUST
ELEVATOR. NO EXPENSIVE STOR=

AGE BINS. NO DUST SHUTES.

a 1

t n
r a

r.3

to--,

nj \

Take the short, high grade road

FROM INVESTMENT TO SUCCESS.

Purchase “Vaughn’s” modern machinery
and insure against loss or delay.

SEWER PIPE AND TILE PRESSES, NOZ=
ZLE, SLEEVE AND RUNNER BRICK
MACHINES. DRY AND WET PANS,
PIPE, TILE, CONDUIT AND OTHER DIES.

REVOLVING

ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON COMPLETE
EQUIPMENT.

Sand Lime Brick Machinery

FURNISHED BY

THE SEMISTEEL COMPANY

CLEVELAND - - - OHIO

Write for Further Information

SAND-LIME BRICK MACHINERY

Furnished and Installed by the

International Sand=Lime Brick Machinery Co.

(Incorporated under the laws of the State of New York)

Under the Safest and Strongest Guarantees.

Inventors and Owners of the “Division Method” (patented in
the United States and all Foreign Countries)

Write for information to the

International Sand-Lime Brick & Machinery Co.

156 Liberty Street
NEW YORK

CLTSY RECORD.

HANDLE YOUR CLAY
WITH ONE MAN AND

The Thew Steam Shovels

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 3 Shovel — George Gynn Brickyard, Cleveland, Ohio.

: : Ouly One Operator Required.

Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,C00 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

“Re sure you are right, then go ahead,”

Q. E. Luce Engineering Co.

(G E. LUCE, Practical Mechanical Engineer)

Sixth Floor, Plymouth Bldg., 303 Dearborn St.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Designer and Constructor for all

Kinds of Clay-Working Plants

B uilding, paving and pressed brick, tile, hollow block and fire-proofing plants
plan and specifications prepared.

Designed and reconstructed several of the largest plants in this country.

Years of experience in this particular field, and formerly engineer in charge
of construction for the Illinois Brick Co. of Chicago. t

Machinery, drying and burning troubles corrected.

Examination of properties, clays tested, and advise as to the possibilities of
success of either old or new plants.

CLHV RECORD

No. 64 Nine Foot Pan

New Design Nothing LiKe It

Note the Strength, Note the Convenience, Note the Capacity

IF YOU WANT QUALITY— A FULL VALUE FOR THE MONEY—

YOU HAVE IT HERE

Write for Complete Description. We build every Machine and Appliance needed in Clay
Working Plants. Every Machine we build is a Standard of Quality, Distinctive
in Design, Quality and Operation. Let us figure with You.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY COMPANY

BUCYRUS. OHIO
U. S. A.

CLAY RECORD

STIFF MUD BRICK MACHINERY

DRY PRESS 8RIGK

MACHINERY

American Clay Machinery Co.

BUCYRUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

All joints carefully fitted. All gearing heavy
and strong. Side frames massive. Adjustable
mold feed and pressure. Long dwelling pres¬
sure. Smooth, dense, perfect brick.

We build Stiff, Soft Mud and Sand-Lime
Brick Machinery, all kinds of Dryers and their
equipment. We build all our own Dryers
and can guarantee them.

tiie

This is our No. 2 Giant.- It is equipped with Steel “I” Beams, One-Piece Gear Frame, Heavy Reinforced Flanges, Hinged
Die Front, Special Iron in Auger and Knives, Steel Pinions, Shrouded Gearing with Covering, Steel Shafting, Independent and Re¬
movable, Set Nuts of Safety Type. \

We build other machines, larger and smaller capacity, same
quality. We build everything needed to make clay products.
Also Dryers that we can guarantee. Write for catalog.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

CLHY RECORD.

HHHHH

Your Choice of Cutters©

Your Choice of Movements

No. 62 HAND-POWER ROTARY BRICK CUTTER

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

CL-7W RECORD.

WILLOUGHBY, OHIO, TJ. S. .A.

Clay

We also
' build a full
line of machinery
and appliances for
making clay products
by all processes. Write
concerning your needs-

The American

Machinery

Company

■

♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 4« 44 ♦♦♦♦*♦♦♦♦«•♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

44 44 ♦♦♦444444444-44444444444444444444444444

LOCATIONS

♦

FOR POTTERIES, BRICK AND:
TILE PLANTS

The very finest deposits of Kaolin, Fire and other Clays in
great abundance along the

LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE RAILROAD

In the States of KENTUCKY. TENNESSEE, ALA¬
BAMA, GEORGIA, MISSISSIPPI, and FLORIDA.
Cheap Fuel. Good Markets. Unexcelled Transporta¬
tion Facilities. For. further particulars, address

G. A. PARK,

General Immigration and Industrial Agent

LOUISVILLE, = - - KY.

♦

{University of Ullinois

Colleges and Schools of Literature and
Arts, Science, Engineering, Agriculture,
Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy,
Library Science and Education.

DEPARTMENT OF CLAY WORKING AND CERAMICS

ESTABLISHED IN 1905'

Offers opportunities to students wishing technical
instruction which will help them to overcome the dif¬
ficulties confronting the manufacturer of clay products.

The work required from each student of clay
working in the departments of Chemistry, Physics,
Geology ; Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Municipal and
Sanitary Engineering; and Art, with their well organ¬
ized courses and thoroughly equipped laboratories
makes the conditions for effective training in ceramics
almost ideal.

Free scholarships arelopen to regular students from
Illinois. Laboratory expenses reasonable.

For further information address the Registrar,
W. L. Pillsbury, or the Director,

Professor C. W. ROLFE,

Urbana, Illinois.

SYSTEM

The “SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM’’

offers you the opportunity of
entering into the manufacture
of the coming building ma¬
terial

This brick is strong and
durable. It can be manufac¬
tured in less time and at a
lower cost than any other
brick on the ‘market.

OUR SCIENTIFIC

SYSTEM

will enable you to manufac¬
ture SAND LIME BRICK of the

very highest quality in less

than 24 HOURS.

The “SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”

is the only system which

ABSOLUTELY INSURES uniform
quality of product. Our Pre¬
paring machine “RELIANCE”
is practically AUTOMATIC in
its operation, mixing and
preparing the raw materials
with the utmost precision,
yet requiring the sendees of
hut ONE COMMON LABORER to
operate it.

We are ENGINEERS and
CONTRACTORS to the SAND
LIME BRICK INDUSTRY land
will erect and equip your
plant with the machinery of
the SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM” and
start you on the road to suc¬
cess.

Write us tor particulars and we can
undoubtedly refer you to a plant
equipped by us and situated
in your vicinity

StND FOR CATALOG No'. 18

mm,

SMi sid miirmx

;

HIM

SATISFACTION

Is the only code word we can use for our WASTE HEAT DRYER.

GET CATALOGUE No. 56 S

NEW YORK BLOWER CO. 25th PI. and Stewart Ave. Chicago

BOOKS YOU NEED IN YOUR BUSINESS

The Repair and flaintenance of Machinery

By Thomas W. Barber, C. E. A hand book of practical
notes and memoranda for engineers and machinery users,

166 pages — 417 illustrations— 8 vo.. cloth . $3.50

How to Run Engines and Boilers

By Egbert Pomeroy Watson. A practical instruction for
young engineers and steam users. 125 pages— illustrated—
lt> mo., cloth . . $1.00

A Handbook of Engineering Laboratory Practice

Calcareous Cements

By G. R. Redgrave, C E. Their nature properties, and use.

Tha composition and process of making Portland and other
cements, analysis and cost . ....$3.50

American Cements

Bo Uriah Cummings. A treatise on the nature and prop¬
erties of natural and artificial hydraulic cements. 299
pages— Illustrated— 16 mo., cloth . $3.00

Notes on Concrete and Works In Concrete

By B. D. Butler. Asso. M. Inst. C. E. A complete treatise
on the manufacture, testing and use of Portland cement.
Contains 360 pages, 85 illustrations, 8 vo., cloth bound, price $6.00

Architects’ and Engineers’ Hand Book of Reinforced
Concrete Construction

This book describes and explains thoroughly the various
forms of modern concrete construction. K2 illustrations,

218 pages. Price . $2.00

The Blasting of Rock

In mines, quarries or tunnels. A. W. & Z W. Daw. A com¬
plete book giving weight of blast, how, when and where to
make it. 270 pages— 8 vo., cloth . .. . $6.00

Steam Boilers

By Janies Peattie. Their management and workings on
land and sea — very complete. 230 pages — 12 mo., cloth . $2.00

The Pottery aud Porcelain of the United States

Ay Edward Lee Barber, A. M., Ph. D. 2'X) illustrations

Octavo., gilt top . $3.50

The Story of the Potter

By Charles F. Binns A popular account of the pottery and
porcelain industry. 250 pages — Illustrated — 16 mo . 7 5

Architectural Pottery

Translated from the French. Bricbs, tiles, pipes, enamelled
terra cotta, stoneware, mosaics, faiences, and architectural
stoneware. In two parts. 8 vo., 496 illustrations. Price . $7.50

Notes on Pottery Clay

The distribution, properties, uses and analysis of ball clays,
china clays, and china stone. Crown — 8 vo., 132 pages, price.$1.50

Chemistry of Pottery

By Simeon Shaw. The chemistry of the Several natural
and artificial heterogeneous compounds used in the manu¬
facturing of porcelaiu, glass and pottery. 750 pages, price .$5.00

Engineering, Practice and Theory

By W. H. Wakeman. 184 pages— 5x7J4 inches. Price . $1.00

Sllico°Calcareous Sandstones (Sand Lime Brick)

By Ernst Stoffler. Treats on the formation of artificial brick
made from a mixture of lime and sand under the influence
of moisture. Raw materials, methods, manufacture.

Shows outline drawing of factories, elevations to detail.

Ground plans andSectional Elevations, price . $1.00

Brick, Tiles and Terra Cotta

261 engravings— 8 vo., cloth . $10.00

Transactions of the American Ceramic Society

Containing the papers and discussions of the society. The
most complete information published. 5 vols. Price, each. $4.00

Manual of Ceramic Calculations

TVs book was compiled with great care and most com¬
plete. Price . ....$1.00

Will be sent postpaid on receipt of prlcet

ORDERSSTO CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY,^ 3G3 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO, U. S. A.

■tmmt

it'

CLKY RECORD.

A Letter Which Will Interest Brick Makers

Illinois Brick Company

GEO. C. PRUSSING. President

A J WECKLER, Vice-President
c D. B. HOWELL, Treasurer

NINTH FLOOR. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
PHON E MAIN 17

WM. SCHLAKE, Purchaser
C. B. VER NOOY, Auditor

W. M. LEGNARD, SUPERINTENDENT
J H GRAY, Sales Department

The Barron Dryer Co.,

84 La Salle St., Chicago.
Gentlemen :

Chicago. Jan. 4, 1907.

It may be of interest to you to know that we havs made on our
Yard 17, in 1906, 52,551,400 brick, in 2,083 1-2 working hours, and
have dried them satisfactorily on your 18 track dryer.

Very truly yours,

ILLINOIS BRICK COMPANY.

Barron Tender Clay Dryer, Which DOES THE WORK

We construct and install Dryers adapted to drying all clay
products With greatest perfection and economy in fuel and labor

BARRON DRYER CO., 84 La Salle St., CHICAGO, ILL.

GLHY RECORD.

M MARTIN

STOCK BRICK

MACHINE

STYLE “A”

SAND GRINDERS, GRANULATORS, ETC.

[■ YARD2SUPPLIES 2
£OF ALL!|KINDS];j

FIRST-GLASS

THROUGHOUT

BUILT FOR
STRENGTH
DURABILITY
AND LARGE
OUT-PUT
OF WORK

REMEMBER We Equip Brick Plants Complete

The “MARTIN” Machinery over
Don’t Forget that we Take Pleas¬
ure in Answering Inquiries as to
the Betterment of Brick Plants.
Let us Know Your Needs.

THE
ALE
IRON
AND
STEEL
STEAM
POWER
BRICK
{ MACHINE

STYLE

WHEN

LOOKING

DON’T PUT IT OFF

WRITE

TO-DAY

Martin

DRAWER

587

Lancaster

PENNA.

Iflpl Ui'J I*-

flLS.A.i

CAN

MAKE

PROMPT

SHIPMENT

& !«Ohip} WPiHOM ppjfx 0>fiPi I

CLRY RECORD.

THE MARTIN RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK

“DRYER SYSTEM

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699509
October 10, 1905. No. 95520
November 14, 1905, No. 804489

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK 1

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRIOK MACHINE MFG. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

naOKQcJOiW Q^H<jj>co ftiotdlxt1

MONARCH STOCK BRICK MACHINE
Capacity* from 80.000 t*» 50.000

BRICK and TILE
MACHINERY

THE QUAKER

Horse or Steam Power. Capacity. 20.00 to 3SjOOA

OF TILE MAOHINU with automatic table

"we

Fllltill

our

Guarantees”

We have a full line of Clay-Working Machinery, sand mold brick machines, auger brick and tile machines.
Automatic side and end cut tables, dies, molds, barrows, trucks, sanders, represses, pug mills. The only down cut,
reel side ''rick cutter on the market for cutting face brick that do not require repressing. We can guarantee to make
you a better face brick with this cutter than you can get from any other cutter on the market.

B. E. LaDOW, - - Fredonia. Kansas.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR -MOLD “SPECIAL”

Its Record: More Boyd Presses in actual operation than of all other Press Brick Machines
combined. Write for Catalogue.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.,

Chicago, Illinois

OFFICE AND WORKS: 57th and WALLACE STREETS

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR - MOLD “ACME”

IT’S NAME A GUARANTEE. The Four-Mold Press above illustrated is our latest improved
machine of this design. Over ONE HUNDRED now in use. Especially adapted for working shales.

A BUSINESS PROPOSITION

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.

OFFICE AXD WORKS: 5 7th anil WALLACE STREETS

Chicago, Illinois

CL-HY RECORD.

SAND-LIME, BRICK

MACHINERY

‘BOYD gUALI&Y

MODERN METHODS A A A NO EXPERIMENTING

Sand-Lime Brick Plants designed and
complete machinery equipment furnished,
installed and set in operation. Machinery
and product guaranteed.

Correspondence solicited.

CHISHOLM, BOYD & WHITE COMPANY

OFFICE mo WORKS, 57lh AND WALLACE STREETS

CHICAGO ILLINOIS

CLHY RECORD.

New White Press

Especially designed for making Sand-Lime
Brick. Strongest, Most Powerful, Most Durable,
and Most Convenient. Molds removable; can
be changed in seven minutes.

Send for Special Press Catalogue.

SAND-LIME

BRICK

Complete Plants installed, started and operated
until the first 100,000 brick are made. No risks,
delays or expensive experimenting.

Strongest possible guarantees. This is the Only Safe
Method for parties going into any new industry.

Our Latest
Illustrated Booklet
gives all details.
Mailed Free.

AMERICAN SAND-LIME BRICK CO.

1308 GREAT NORTHERN DLDG., CHICAGO

CLMY RECORD.

The BERQ for the highest grade
of pressed brick of shale or
clay. It makes all kinds of
shapes and sizes of brick.
Changes from one shape to
another can be made in
less than an hour’s time.

First - Class W orkman-
ship. Cut Gearing. Fully
W ar ran ted.

The BERQ MAKES the highest
grade of fire brick. Can
make all kinds of shapes
desired for fire-brick
purposes.

Three distinct
pressures make
the brick evenly
pressed all
through. No
granulated cen¬
ters of the brick.

The BERG makes the
best sand-lime brick and
cheapest because it is the
strongest machine and
gives the highest pres¬
sure. Thirty-five sand-
lime plants in United
States use the BERG

The BERG is
the best for sand
and cement be-
cause of its
strong pressure.
Uses less ce-

BERG BRICK PRESS

The highest development of the
Art of Brickmaking Machinery
so pronounced by the United
States Government.

Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY.

The 1905 Berg Press

For prices and full particulars, address

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO, OIMT., CANADA

ment, makes cheaper brick.

Auger Machine

Combination Machine

UP-TO-DATE MACHINERY

For Making all Kinds of Brick-

Dry Pressed, Wire Cut,
Sand Moulded

New White Press

Full
Line of
Brickyard
Specialties
and

Supplies

New Model Berg Press

In addition to our \ veil known BERG PRESS, we are now
bringing out our new WHITE PRESS for clay-brick work . It is
especially recommended for difficult and refractory day. By far
the most powerful press built. Removable molds, changed in SEVEN
minutes. Special catalogue and full particulars on application.

Something New for 1907

Rocking and Dumping Grates
tor Kilns. Save coal, save labor,
and do away with checked brick.

Send for “ Lecture on Combus¬
tion by IHis Satanic Majesty.

In position ready for use. Part of frame cut away to show connection below.

Chicago Brick Machinery Co.

1308 Great Northern Bldg.

U. S. SELF CLEANING GRATE

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United State* Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross=Ke!Ier Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, . ST. LOUIS, MO.

CLHY RECORD.

This is the Press That Scott Builds

THE ANDRUS FOUR
MOLD PRESS

Twenty" machines in the St. Louis
District alone. Come to our city and we
will show them to you.

We build all the machinery" that
goes to make up

“The Scott
Noiseless
Plant.”

SCOTT MANUFACTURING CO.

602 Commonwealth Trust Building

St. Louis, Mo.

CLHY RECORD

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co

BOYLE AND OLD MENCHESTER, ST. LOUIS. MO.

This Hand Press makes Brick equal in density to those made
Every Brick P EFFECT. Extensively used for ornamental

FOR

CLAY

AND

SHALE

BRICKS

FOR

CEMENT

AND

SAND-

LIME

BRICKS

THE FERNHOLTZ BRICK MACHINERY CO.

MANUFACTURERS OF

DRY PRESSES, PULVERIZERS, MIXERS, ETC.

WWifl WWW WW»» WWW WWWWWW WWW

wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww|.

BRICK MACHINES

DRY

RELIANCE DRY PRESS
THE MACHINE OF
THE FUTURE

■'> ■

OLD STYLE TOGGLE MOVEMENTS SUPERCEDED BY NEW

AND BETTER PRINCIPLES

THE ONLY MACHINE not using the Toggle Movement.

THE ONLY MACHINE applying Pressure from the Button.

THE ONLY MACHINE making a Uniformly Pressed Brick.

THE ONLY MACHINE MAKING BRICK WITHOUT GRANULATED CENTERS.

Every Brick is a Face Brick. 4 Mold Press 20000 per day. 6 Mold Press 3oooo per day.
Adjustment permits any pressure desired, (A Feature peculiar to the Reliance -)
Cheapest because having fewest parts. (Also cheapest to keep in repair.

SIMPLE

STRONG

EFFICIENT

WRITE TO-DAY FOR PARTICULARS.

SEND US A SAMPLE OF YOUR CLAY.

ADDRESS

THE RELIANCE MACHINE AND TOOL WORKS

ST. LOUIS, MO.

MAW 'MW AAAW MAW WMAMWWWWWAWWWWWWMAAAM'WWAAWAMMW' WWJMW W

CLAV RECORD,

The Hix “Happy Thought” Automatic Cutter will do it. This
Cutter is without an equal as it does what others can. not do.
Will cut end or side cut brick. Hollow blocks or conduits any
length or size desired. Tbe capacity is unlimited. No clay
wasted, every brick a perfect one, no complicated machinery to
get out of order and give annoyance.

It Will Pay You to Write Us for Particulars

THE HIX “HAPPY THOUGHT” AUTOMATIC SIDE CUT BRICK CUTTER.

The Wallace Manufacturing Company

FRANKFORT, IND , U. S. A.

ARE YOU INTERESTED IN A CUTTER
THAT WILL DOUBLE YOUR
PROFITS FOR 1907?

CLAY RECORD

GOOD HOISTS

Good Hoists cost less than poor ones. They may cost a
little more in the beginning but much less in the end.

Don’t look for the lowest price, or the highest price, but
for a GOOD HOIST at the right price. Look for weight,
strength, rigidity, reliability, convenience of operation, and
your money’s worth.

THE BREWER NO. 28

Prices Right Grade Right Everything Right

*1 jra o tecumseh

aim DUEL wwELal & I^C/c MICHIGAN

CLAY RECORD.

We build these Machines in five sizes. Capacities to 10,000
brick per hour.

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do first-class
work and are convenient, economical and durable. This can be
verified by investigation.

We also build Brick Machines with separate Pug Mill.

Don't forget our Automatic Cutters. They give satis¬
faction.

State your requirements and let us furnish particulars.

E. M.

GALION

& CO.

OHIO

CLAY RECORD.

HORIZONTAL BRScFmACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

i \.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

BRICK DRYERS

The largest and best. The drying done
upon an entirely new principle. Brick
made today. Set in Kiln tomorrow.
Thoroughly dry. Will dry the most
tender clay with no loss from cracking.

It has No cars

No transfer cars

✓

No rail
No ties
No fans

No extra engine

No high or expensive stack

The best dryer on the market. Manu¬
factured by

C. & A. POTTS & CO.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

CLMV RECORD.

Machinery for Building Brick

ANI) FOR STREET PAVERS=

Weight
about
11,000 pounds
Capacity
2,000 bricks
per hour.

THE PHILADELPHIA REPRESS.

Single Crank
Movement
Working
Machinery

all above the

Mold Box.

Automatic End Cut Brick Machines of five sizes, having capacity

from 10,000 to over 100,00 brick daily under

favorable conditions.

CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY

E. R. FRAZIER, Chicago Agent,

59 West Jackson Boulevard.

52D AND MEDIA STREETS

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

CL7W RECORD.

Write for Our new Circular No. 12 describing some new Models of Brick Machinery

Heavy Shafts and Large Faced Gears

NO. 9 AUGER BRICK MACHINE

Capacity 50,000 to 70,000. The Machine for Diffi¬
cult Clays. Heavy Shafts -Steel Gears -Accessibility

12 Ft OOUBLE GEARED PUG MILL TYPE “C”

Modern Brick
Machinery

The BONNOT COMPANY

CANTON, OHIO

FOR OPEN AIR SYSTEM OF DRYING

Write us in regard to this car and also let us tell you all about the
“PREMIER” line of Clay-Working Machinery.

The J. D. Fate Company

PLYMOUTH, OHIO

THE GUILDER

ELEVATING and
LOWERING
BRICK CAR

Vol. XXX. No. 8.

CHICAGO, APRIL 30, 1907.

Semi-Monthly, 1>L.OO perYoar
Single Copies, - 10 Cent.

THE MANUFACTURE OF HOLLOW BUILDING
BLOCKS AND THE PROBABLE FUTURE
OF THE INDUSTRY IN WISCONSIN*

L. T. Crabtree, Crandon, Wis.

Of all the different lines of industry that go to make up
the sum of the world’s daily work, that of the brickmaker
is, in point of time, the oldest.

How old, how long ago it was that primitive man first
learned to' pile up pieces of dried clay, one on top of an¬
other to make the walls of his rude hub roofed perhaps
with branches of trees and the skins of animals, is a problem
whose solution is lost in the mists of the ages. How long
ago he learned that clay, if subjected to the action of fire
for a considerable length of time, became hard and durable
like stone, will also never be known.

Perhaps the walls of the caves in which he and his fore¬
fathers have lived for perhaps thousands of years gave him
he first idea and the second may have occurred to him
when he noticed the effect the fire in his hut had upon the
blocks of clay against which it was built.

“Later, he probably found that if he gave a square shape
to his blocks of clay that they would fit together better and
make a tighter and better wall. After awhile, a long time
probably, he got the two ideas to work together and built
his hut of blocks of clay, roughly squared by hand or with
rude tools and hardened in the fire and the first brick house
was constructed ; and it took his descendants a long time
to take the next step.

To be sure the use of machinery and improved modern
methods of manufacture have improved the shape of the
brick, made cleaner cut corners and, by better tempering
and burning, made it possible to turn out a better brick
considered as merchandise but, the fact remains, however,
that in the essential part of the brickmaker’s art, there has
been no particular change or improvement in the mer¬
chandise itself, only in methods of manufacture for thou¬
sands of years.

Bricks of burned clay are found entering into the con¬

*Read at the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Western Clay-
workers Association at Madison, March 1, 1907.

struction of buildings, palaces and temples, and in the ruins
of the most ancient and extinct civilization known to exist
in the world to-day. In Egypt bricks of clay were used
along with stone to build the great temples and pyramids
and, recent excavations in the ruined cities .in Asia along
the Euphrates River by Dr. Peters, Hilprecht, Rawlinson
and others show that well-made brick of burned clay were
used in the construction of buildings erected at least 6ooo
years ago. The brick used in building the great palaces
and temples of Nippur and other places excavated were
evidently fomed in molds and- had even parallel sides and
sharp clean-cut corners. Some of them were sqn-dried
brick but the most of them were kiln-burned and well
burned at that, and they were made and laid in the walls
about 6,ooo years ago.

Even at that remote period the clayworker knew how to
put a glaze on his work and he modeled in clay fine figures
of men and animals and hardened them by burning similar
to our modern terra cotta. During all the centuries that
have elapsed since that time until the present generation,
the clayworker has been molding bricks, burning them, and
making them into solid brick wads. The enormous in¬
crease in the price of lumber in the last few years has set
many men of inventive turn of mind to devising new kinds
of building material and new ways of using old kinds as,
witness the recent attempt to make brick from the slag of
blast furnaces ; brick made of sand and lime ; hollow clay
brick ; also the much-advertised cement block, or rather
cement-block machines. Any one who has paid much at¬
tention to the advertising pages of the magazines, trade
journals, and newspapers for the last year or two, or
longer, will likely come to the conclusion that the principal
reason for the arrival of the cement-block industry in our
midst is due to the absolu'e necessity of finding or making
a market for their wares that the very enterprising gentle¬
men who make the cement-block machines find themselves
“up against.” And they are selling them; and, brethren,
unless all signs fail, in this country of ours in the next few
years, there is going to be an enormous increase in the pro¬
duction of scrap-iron.

The most, if not all, of our members know enough in a
general way about hollow building blocks, hollow building
tile, and machine-made terra cotta, as the blocks are vari¬
ously called so that any particular preamble or introduc¬
tion is unnecessary. The blocks, as usually made of vitri¬
fied and glazed with a salt glaze and are of different sizes,
depending some times upon the demand of the- market and,
sometimes upon the fancy of the manufacturer.

A block measuring 8^4x8^4XI6j4 in. is the size most
used in Ohio and Pennsylvania. Blocks of this size are
usually made with walls one inch thick when burned with
one chamber., although double-chambered blocks are used
there to some extent.

In Indiana and points farther west a web block of this
size with four chambers is used more than the single
chambered block and, in this case, the walls are made some¬
what thinner, about Y of an inch.

Another size that is used is a two-chambered block meas¬
uring approximately 4x8x12 in. when burned. It is
claimed for this size that they make a neater looking wall
and are easier to handle in the process of manufacture and
in their use in building.

The above are the sizes most used for the exterior walls
of buildings but there are other sizes and forms used for
other parts of the building that the up-to-date block manu¬
facturer turns out suitable for almost any part of almost
any kind of a building and, one who does not know what
the block manufacturers have been doing for the past few
years will be very much surprised to learn how near a
good auger machine, and a few dies combined with brains,
will come to making nearly everything, except the hard¬
ware and glassware, that goes into the construction of any¬
thing from a business block to a fine residence. There
are two other sizes measuring 4x8x16 in. and 4x4x12 in.
that are sometimes used to line the interior walls of build¬
ings in which the larger block are used for the exterior
walls. As far as my observation goes, however, the lining
block are not very much used. In buildings of the ordinary
heights, two and three stories, the walls, if built of the 8-in.
vitrified block, are as strong or even stronger than they
would be if built of brick as ordinarily constructed and, if
the right kind of mortar is used, no moisture is likely to
penetrate through the joints to the inside of the walls.

Probably the best kind of mortar for laying up block
walls is one composed of equal parts of sand, lime and
Portland cement. Mortar colors can be mixed with it if
desired, to color it p o harmonize with the color of the
blocks.

We would expect that, during long-continued spells of
wet weather, the moisture would, at times, work through
the mortar joints the same as it does through brick walls
but, in practice, it hardly ever does. It is likely that the
large dead-air spaces inside the block walls, become heated
by the exterior heat in summer and the interior heat in
winter and this, acting through the walls of the block,
keep,s the thin sheets of mortar in the joints dried out so
that no moisture can work through them. For the same
reason, the large dead-air spaces in the walls of the house

built of hollow brick in the house so constructed will in¬
sure its being warm in winter and cool in summer.

The above will apply to the block as usually used in the
construction of the main walls of buildings and, when we
have got so far, we have just got started on the list of hol¬
low building material that some of the factories are turn¬
ing out at their regular output.

I have before me a price list of hollow building material
made bv one of the large clay-product companies in cen¬
tral Ohio. Some of the different articles listed are as
follows : Of the plain hollow construction, there are 10
different sizes and kinds ; corners for bay windows, 4 dif¬
ferent kinds ; window and door caps, 3 styles ; bevelled
and closed window sills, 3 moldings, brackets and water
tables, 6 different styles ; veranda posts, 1 ; steps, 3 styles ;
hollow cellar pavers, 1 ; drip stones and gutter tiles, 1
each ; chimney caps of different styles, 6 ; chimney flue
linings, 3 kinds ; and some of you will likely be surprised
to learn that these are all made on one auger machine and,
to change from one ware to another, it is only necessary
to change the die on the front of the machine.

I saw the most of this work done at the works of the
Louisville Brick & Tile Co.’s plant at Louisvlle, O. There
were two auger machines in use at this plant but the
work could all have been done on either one of them as
they were alike except in size. I cite this particular plant
because I examined the work there thoroughly and the
superintendent very kindly gave me every facility for
learning how the work was done.

This clayworking plant was only one of quite a num¬
ber that I examined and there are hundreds of large
plants in the states of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illi¬
nois and Iowa that make hollow building block their prin¬
cipal product.

As in every line of industry, there is, of course, a block
trust and, at the time I was there, the block trust owned
50 miles in Ohio alone. In that state, however, there
were more independent block mills than were in the trust.

Eastern and southern Ohio are about the center of the
building-block business and the magnitude of the business
done there would be an eye-opener to one going there,
for the first time who had no idea as to the large propor¬
tions of this new industry. I have made several trips to
central and southeastern Ohio in the past two years study¬
ing the clayworking industry and I found the block mills
everywhere. In one day that I was out with a team east
of Canton, I visited six of them. It is likely that at the
start, the men who first started in the block business did
pretty crude work. Probably, foundation blocks were
first made and then, having gotten the idea, they went
further and essayed the walls above the foundation. Then
after they had worked out the plain-wall block proposi¬
tion, they tried the other parts of the building and now
a good block manufacturer will turn out, in fine, durable
style, window ledges, window caps and casings, door cas¬
ings and caps, water-tables, cornices, moldings, door steps,
the hollow tile for the floors of porches, hollow, round or
fluted columns for porches, flue linings for chimneys, or
he will build the entire chimney with his block, as well as

the roof. He will make flat vitrified-clay shingles that
look as well and will last longer than slate, or he will make
fine ornamental tiles of any shape required and, except
that for the ornamental tile he will need a press in addi¬
tion, he makes the whole list on one stiff-mud machine
by changing only the first dies, and he makes brick on the
same machine.

Inside the house with the same outfit, he will make his
partition walls of hollow block, three or four inches thick,
all furrowed for plastering and, when a house put up in
this way is finished, it is fireproof and the walls thereof
will neither decay nor burn down. The foundation walls
are also, as you may have surmised, laid up of the large¬
sized glazed blocks through which no moisture can pene¬
trate from the damp earth outside. The supports under
his partition walls are also built of the block and when
everything is put in that can be made on the one machine,
there is not much left to do except supply the glass and
hardware.

Contrary to what may be in your minds, the above is no
pipe dream, as I saw it all in one large house near Canton,
O., that was built by a hollow-block manufacturer. I was
allowed to inspect this house from top to bottom, and there
are many others in which the hollow-block construction
enters fully as much. All of the work was done on one
auger machine except that the ornamental tiles on the
roof were made at Akron, O. I am quoting Ohio, as it
was in that state that I studied the industry. I do not
want to be understood as saying that the hollow-block
men were doing all the building material work in their ter-
ritorv. Far from it. There are- all kinds of men, and
you will find as many different kinds of tastes as men.
Some were building of wood, some of stone, some of brick
and the “make-a-block-while-you-wait” cement-block men
were also there with their machines. Another purpose
for which the hollow blocks are well adapted, is the con¬
struction of basement walls for barns. Their glazed, mois¬
ture-proof walls insures the interior of the basements
built of the block, being always dry. Basement built of
stone, as usually constructed, are quite likely to be coated
with ice during the winter months.

Nor is the use of this new building material being con¬
fined to the several producing states named. Large quan¬
tities of them are, at the present time, being, used in our
own state. There are several jobbers of the block among
the building-material men and their use is increasing
rapidly as they become known. One jobber of building
material in Milwaukee told me that last year his firm sold
no carloads of building block in Milwaukee the previous
year and they could have sold more but they could not
get the goods. The preceding year when they began to
handle the blocks, they sold 32 carloads. From 32 to no
carloads is a pretty good increase in one year. The block
that this firm sold were made at or near Brazil, Ind. I
have learned from other parties that some of the Iowa
blockmakers are selling their block in southwestern Wis¬
consin.

Ornamental blocks are also used quite extensively in

place of cut stone and terra cotta in buildings built of
brick. If care is taken to select colors that will harmon¬
ize, very pretty effects in color with the solid look of
brick or stone can be obtained by using pilasters, window
caps, and ledges, cornices and other special forms of hol¬
low-block construction, either glazed or unglazed, in build¬
ings of which brick is the main building material.

And it is easy to see here how one of our members
whose main output is brick, can increase the local demand
for his brick and enlarge his market by either adding
blockmaking to his line or, working with his neighbor who
makes the blocks, go after the business with a full line of
building material, plain brick and as much of the orna¬
mental as any house ought to have, and all made of clay.

For the exterior walls the block are nearly always
glazed, except that sometimes, to produce some color effect
by way of contrast, they are laid in the wall partly glazed
and partly unglazed. The glazed block are more durable
than the unglazed and they are certainly cleaner and, as
the difference in the cost between the two is only the price
of a few shovefuls of cheap salt to a kiln, the cost is about
the same.

Plain-faced blocks are used to some extent, but as a
rule some figure is pressed into what is to be the exterior
face of the block as laid in the wall. The figures or pat¬
terns that are used in the most of the block are different
patterns of what are called “rock-faced” or imitations of
cut stone and they are pressed into the soft clay as it comes
through the die by figured rolls attached to the face of the
machine. The cost of a building constructed of hollow
block will be less than either brick or stone or lumber for
the same work at the present prices of lumber.

An important point to be considered in favor of glazed-
block construction is that walls built of them will retain
their new and bright appearance for years, as their glazed,
glass-like faces are entirely impervious to any and all
kinds of weather and they never look stained or dirty and
any dirt or dust that may adhere to them is washed off by
the first shower.

For some reason, possibly due to the lack of suitable
clay for the work, the clayworkers of Wisconsin seem
never to have gone into the manufacture of the blocks.
There may be a few who have tried it but, as far as I have
been able to learn, there is not now a block manufacturer
in the state. If there are any such, we would like to hear
from them and have them tell us their experience with
Wisconsin clay in blockmaking.

In order to make a good merchantable block, it is nec¬
essary to have a clay that will vitrify and take a good
salt glaze but, as a clay that will vitrify will nearly always
take a salt glaze it, will only be necessary to speak of the
vitrifying quality. A good vitrifying clay must possess
certain specific properties. It mlist contain large enough
proportions of the two refactory clay elements silica and
alumina, combined with large enough proportions of the
fluxes so that, in the burning, the silica and alumina will
act as a sort of framework to hold the ware in shape for
some time after the fluxes are in a state of fusion. In

CLAY RECORD.

order to accomplish this result, there must be a range of
nearly 300 deg. in temperature between the melting point
of the fluxes and that of the silica and alumina.

In order for clay to stand up to vitrification, it is nec¬
essary that the silicate of alumnia should constitute be¬
tween 70 and 80 per cent of the whole body of the clay.

The usual fluxes are iron, magnesia, lime, potash and
soda. If the silica and alumina constitute too small a part
of the clay, the material for the framework is lacking and,
at the melting-point of the fluxes, the ware collapses or
melts and runs together. I am not familiar enough with
the general clay situation in Wisconsin to be able, to say
what our members may be able to do in the block-man¬
ufacturing business as suitable clay is necessary and the
past geological history of our state is rather against our
clayworkers in that respect.

Our brethren in the business in the states to the south
of us have a great advantage over us in that regard as
they have great deposits of the finest kinds of clay for
the purpose in the fireclay found under the coal veins and
the great inexhaustible beds of shale which have been
lying there undisturbed for perhaps millions of years.

In other states like Ohio and Indiana where the man¬
ufacture of high-grade clay ware is one of the greatest
industries of the state, regular prospecting in search of
clay beds is carried on on a large scale by deep borings
and clay is often mined from deep mines. In many cases
it is almost equal to coal mining in the extent of the
operations.

In order to go into the manufacture of hollow block, a
stiff-mud outfit is, of course, necessary. Down-draft kilns,
preferably of the round-topped style, are also necessary.
Rectangular kilns are probably as good for vitrifying work
but the round-topped are the best for glazing as it is found
in practice that the gases are better confined and condensed
upon the wares. There is no question, I think, that there
are clays in certain parts of the state that will vitrify and
glaze if properly treated in the manufacture and there are
doubtless many more that are not suitable for the work
as taken from the bank that can be made so by the simple
process of weathering.

If the clay be taken from the bank and piled upon the
ground or upon platforms and left there for several months
subject to the rain or snow, the freezing and thawing of
our very changeable climate, much of the fluxing ingred¬
ients will leach or wash out of it and the silicate of alumina
will remain, and a clay with a very low melting or fusing-
point may, in this way, often be made quite refractory.

Another way is to mix high-grade clay with the impure
clay to effect the desired results and that can be done quite
successfully in many cases. There are a number of clay¬
shipping firms in the fireclay and shale belt who will fur¬
nish you with clay by the carload of almost any required
composition to mix with your low-grade clays to accom¬
plish almost any results you may desire. I do not wish to
be understood as trying to give the impression that hollow
block will ever take the place of common brick of clay.
They will continue to hold the place that they have held
from so long ago that “the memory of man runneth not

to the contrary” as the chief building material. There is
a compact, solid look about a well-built brick wall, com¬
bined with its well-known durability, that appeals to any
one who is building for permanency. But this very qual¬
ity makes it hard to produce any very striking color or
architectural effects using brick alone. Hence the almost
universal use of cut stone or hand-made terra cotta in
brick buildings to produce the ornamental effects. These,
however, are expensive and hollow clay work, glazed or un¬
glazed, can be made that will work in with brick to give
almost any kind of ornamental or color effect required and
at much less cost than either stone or terra cotta.

Is it not better to do this when it can be done, by the
brickmaker or his brother clayworker than to allow a
large part of the cost of buildings to go to the terra-cotta
or cut-stone man? It can be done and it is being done in
many places to-day. On this account the development of
the hollow-brick business in this state will help the brick
business.

Anyone at all conversant with the condition of the lum¬
ber business now and for some years back, cannot help
but see that the general use of lumber for biulding pur¬
poses cannot last but a few years longer. It has almost
become a luxury now. Within a few years, not more than
six or seven, the price of hemlock, the most commonly used
lumber for building purposes, has advanced upwards of
300 per cent and the pine and basswood are already out of
reach for that purpose except in the low grades. A few
years more and they will all be practically exhausted in
Wisconsin.

There will be left large areas of timber land on the
Pacific and gulf coasts, but this is all being gathered in by
rich lumbermen and syndicates and I have never heard of
any very pronounced philanthropists among- these gentle¬
men. They will own the last and only source of- supply
and will ask the highest possible price for what they will
condescend to sell to a lumber-hungry nation. When that
time comes, and it is not far away, people will have to use
something else than lumber for common building material.
Nothing fills all requirements like burned clay and nothing
has been so long and favorably known. Bricks and hol¬
low blocks, working together and supplementing each
other, will take care of all specifications both for the staple
and the ornamental, and they also have the merit of being
the cheapest. We should get ready for this for, if we are
ready with the goods, we will get the business.

ALIENS CAN HOLD CLAY LAND

Olympia, Wash. — The constitutional provision which
permits aliens to own mineral lands in Washington extends
to lands containing silica, silicated rock and clay, used in
the manufacture of cement. Such is the decision of the
state supreme court today in the case brought in the name
of the state to cause an escheat of property in Whatcom
county, brought May 4. 1906, by Ernest E. Evans, an alien.
The ownership of mineral lands only covered lands contain¬
ing the precious metals, but the court holds that the min¬
erals include silica, clay and practically everything of a
mineral character not vegetable.

CLKY RECORD

CONCLUSIONS DRAWN AS TO BEST METH¬
ODS OF HANDLING CLAYS UNDER
VARIOUS CONDITIONS

The following conclusions have been drawn from the cost
data published in the March 30th number of this magazine
under the title of “Methods and Estimates of Cost of
Handling Clay and Clay Materials.” The conditions to be
carried in mind are:

Thickness of bank: .

I, banks under 5 feet in thickness.

II, banks between 5 feet and 22 feet in thickness. •

III, banks over 22 feet in thickness.

Quantity used:

1, 20,000 to 50,000 capacity (50 to 140 tons).

2, 50,000 to 80,000 capacity (140 to 225 tons).

3, 80,000 to 100,000 capacity (225 to 280 tons).

4, 100,000 capacity upward (280 tons upward).

Density in bank:

a, glacial, loess, or soft shale clay.

b, hard shale.

1-4, a. Spading necessary in some cases where deposit
is only a foot or two in thickness, and clay must be rather
carefully picked over as in several Wisconsin plants (cost
1 7 cents to 40 cents per ton).

Wheel scrapers or clay gatherers with tramcar most
economical under such conditions that they can be used.
(Cost 5 cents to 10 cents per ton).

Steam shovels cannot be operated economically in such
a bank.

1-4, b. Such deposits of hard shale seldom found, and
very rarely worked.

II.

1, a. Spading out of the question in almost every case.

Wheel scrapers and clay gatherers with the tramcar nec¬
essary for most economical operation where clay is air
dried upon the pit, or must be mixed in proportions not
found as the clay lies in the bank. (Cost 4 cents to 9 cents
per ton).

A 25 ton steam shovel may be used most economically in
most cases if several days supply is handled by continually
operating the clay winning plant.

1, b. A hard shale is seldom used in so small a plant,
but when used is excavated by blasting.

2, a. The same may be said of such a plant as was said
is case 1, a.

The 25 ton steam shovel is amply large to excavate the
required amount of clay.

2, b. Blasting generally resorted to if a hard shale is
used. A 60 ton steam shovel such as would be necessary
to stand the heavy strains of excavating such a shale might
be used economically in a few cases.

3, a. Wheel scrapers and clay gatherers necessary in
cases mentioned in 1, a.

35 ton steam shovel most economical means of excavat¬
ing in a mapority of cases. (Cost 4 cents to 7 cents* per
ton).

3, b. A 60 ton steam shovel is the most economical

means of excavating the shale. (Cost 5 cents to 8 cents
per ton).

Blasting and loading by hand cost approximately 12
cents per ton in this case.

4, a. Wheel scrapers no more economical than in case

1, a.

A 45 ton steam shovel most economical for 100,000 ca¬
pacity plant, and will handle sufficient clay for a 150,000
capacity plant under favorable conditions.

4, b. A 60 ton steam shovel will handle satisfactorily
a shale of almost any density in amounts sufficient for a
100,000 capacity plant. Larger plants require correspond¬
ingly larger shovels.

III.

1-4, a and b. Where glacial clays and shales are found
in bank over 22 feet in depth and the entire depth is to be
worked the safest plan and the one generally followed is
to divide the bank into two cuts. The costs are practically
the same as in section II.

Notes. The brick used as a basis for figuring capacities
of plants was the standard common brick which has an
average weight of 5.6 pounds of green clay (size 8)4
inches by 4 inches by 2 y2 inches).

Where shovel is not run up to its capacity and is “loaf¬
ing” a part of the time very little difference in operating
expenses per day can be allowed and the increase of cost
per ton must be taken into account as in same cases above

All interest, depreciation and repairs taken into account
when estimating costs per ton.

Cost per ton delivered at shed given in estimates.

- -

RIVAL CONCERNS IN SEWER PIPE AND FIRE
PROOFING GET BUSY.

Shrill and clear sounded the tocsin of industrial war
when official announcement was made that the American
Fire Proofing Co., Pittsburg, Pa., was about to engage in
the manufacture of sewer pipe. .

It has been known for some time that the fire proofing
company was taking steps looking to an invasion of the
field occupied by the sewer pipe company, and it has also
been known that the sewer pipe company has been experi¬
menting with a view to manufacturing fire proofing. After
the annual meeting of the sewer pipe company it was an¬
nounced that W. B. Goucher, treasurer of that organiza¬
tion, had resigned and later the statement was made that
with S. B. Goucher, manager of the sales department, and
Samuel McAdoo, superintendent of plants, would begin the
operation of a string of sewer pipe plants under the name of
the Goucher-McAdoo Co.

The announcement by President W. D. Henry of the fire
proofing company was that through this new corporation it
would at once begin the manufacture of sewer pipe.

Just how vigorous the sewer pipe company will become
in the production of fire-proofing material has not been made
known, but it is asserted that it is in position to push its
product in the market. The declaration of the dividend
when it was not expected in some quarters shows its finan¬
cial strength.

GLHY RECORD.

THE TILED WALL.

Of all wall coverings, paper, cloth, papier mache, sheet
metal, marble and tile, that of the tile is the best from
almost every standpoint from which it is considered. All
of the articles just mentioned have their legitimate uses in
the human arts, but in the matter of wall covering they
must in most instances yield to the clay tile.

Tiled Walls of a Bath Room

First, from a constructive standpoint: baked clay is
harder than glass or marble or other natural stones. It
cannot be scratched with steel. It is fire-proof, and cannot
even be s'corched by a flame. It withstands knocks and
blows without chipping as glass, without tearing off as pa¬
per, or cloth, without pealing as paint and enamelled sheet
metal. It is non-absorbent and cannot be stained by liquids,
not even acids.

From the standpoint of cleanliness and sanitation: tiles
are non-absorbent and can easily be washed. They are
absolutely sterile as far as germs are concerned, and bac¬
teria cannot live within them, as they do in wall paper,
cloth wall coverings, and wooden wainscoting.

From the artistic standpoint: tiles are made in an almost
endless variety of color, form and shape, and can therefore
be applied in any design of color or form ranging anywhere
from the plain white oblong tile to the most highly colored
faience work. In this respect it is far superior to marble,
the color range of which is rather limited. The large ma¬
jority of the most decorative walls of this country, and
especially of Europe, are made of clay tile or faience work.

From an economical standpoint: the tile wall virtually
lasts forever, nad for that reason it is by far the cheapest
in the long run.

The constructive and sanitary properties of the tiled wall
advise its use in bath-rooms, kitchens, laundries, butlers’
pantries, hospitals, drug-stores, lunch room, dairies and
butchers’ stores. Its durable qualities are especially valuable
in vestibules, stairways, underground passages, corridors
of public buildings, banks, theatres, railway stations, and

Tiled Wainscot

public baths. Its artistic possibilities recommend its use in
hotels, art galleries, exposition buildings, and in public build¬
ings of all kinds. The tiled wall is the counterpart of the
tiled floor, and the two should nearly always supplement
each other.

The economical character of the tiled wall should lead to
its Adoption in every place where a wall that is liable to
knocks, blows and stains, has to be kept in an attractive
condition.

GLMV RECORD.

MAGNESITE BRICK NOT CLASSED AS FIRE
BRICK BY CUSTOM OFFICIALS

Another step in the litigation over the customs classifi¬
cation of plain magnesite brick has been taken by the
United States circuit court for the eastern district of
Pennsylvania, which decieds that the article in controversy
is not fire brick, and therefore not entitled to an assessment
of $1.25 per ton.

Judge McPherson affirms the action of the collector of
customs in levying duty at the rate of 25 per cent ad
valorem for “brick, other than fire brick, not glazad, en¬
ameled, or decorated,” this action having the effect of re¬
versing the board of general appraisers, which had granted
the protest of O. G. Hempstead & Co., for duty at the
rates specified for fire brick. The brick in question are
used as linings for retorts, etc.

“It will be observed,”, says the court, “that the decision
of the board was apparently much influenced by a com¬
munication from R. W. Moore, a chemist in New York,
which was evidently regarded by the board as competent
evidence, although it was purely an ex parte statement,
not under oath, and not subject to cross-examination by
the government.

Tiled Walls of a London Butcher Shop

“It scarcely need be said that Mr. Moore's letter was
incompetent, and should not have been considered. I have
laid it aside entirely, and base my conclusion solely upon
the testimony that was taken in the regular way before the
board, and under the order of the circuit court. This tes¬
timony I shall not discuss in detail.

“It is enough, I think, to say that, as the decision of the
case evidently turns upon a question of fact, the govern¬
ment’s witnesses have satisfied me beyond doubt that ‘fire
brick’ is a phrase with a well-known commercial designa¬
tion in the trade ; that it means brick made from fire clay,
and that magnesite brick is not commercially understood as
being included within its scope.

"On the contrary, when magnesite bricks are wanted,
they are always ordered by narqe, and never as ‘fire brick.’
The testimony establishes these facts clearly, and the re¬
sult is that the commercial meaning of the word, accord¬
ing to well-established rules, must prevail. The decision
of the board of general appraisers is reversed, and the
classification of the collector affirmed.”

Tiled Walls, Hall and Stairway.

TOLEDO COMPANY WINDS UP AFFAIRS AS
RESULT OF INDICTMENTS.

Toledo, April 26. — The Toledo, Ohio, Brick Supply Co.,
which for more than jo years has been the inner works of
the alleged “br'ck trust,” and whose officials were indicted
by the Lucas County grand jury, along with the rest of the
brick manufacturers, for restraint of trade in violating the
Valentine anti-trust law, is closing up its business, and does
not expect to figure in the local market any more. W. O.
Dak'n, general manager of the Toledo Brick Supply Co.,
when asked whether recent indictments of the grand jury
had anything to do with the dissolution of his company,
said: “Oh, well, the contracts the company had with local
manufacturers expire in May, and the company has deemed
it best not to renew them under present conditions, hence
our dissolution.”

Mr. Dakin insists that labor was responsible for the in¬
creased cost of brick, and declared the unions were the ones
who pressed down the builder.

CLKY RECORD,

PROPER MIXTURES AND MIXING FOR MAK¬
ING SAND-LIME BRICK*

BY C. *B. EBERT.

In this paper I shall deal with the mixture of the ma¬
terials rather than the mixing devices.

The mixing of the raw material for the manufacture
of sand-lime brick, is a small matter in one sense, but a
very large one in another. One of the first and most im¬
portant things for consideration is, what haye you to mix?
Usually no other raw material than sand and lime enters
into the combination of sand-lime brick, so it behooves the
uninitiated to have his two materials examined and thor¬
oughly tested before investing his good money in a sand-
lime brick plant. It is said that any sand is suitable pro¬
viding it consists principally of material containing silicic
acid, which is the case almost everywhere, and more es¬
pecially with bank or river sand and .sandstone rock. A
large portion of calcareous marl will make the sand use¬
less, as the substance can not participate in the chemical
transformation into silicates of lime. On the other hand,
sand composed of small pieces of limestone has produced a
very firm hard brick, when mixed with a small portion of
finely ground clay in addition to the hydrated lime, but
I do not recommend this sort of a mixture, because the brick
of such a composition are not as refractory, in case of fire
in a building in which they have been used. When the
brick becomes hot enough to burn the small pieces of lime
that are in them, and water is thrown on the walls of the
building, the limestone particles will slake, burst the brick
and cause the walls to crumble.

We are also told, that a small amount of fine loam will
be of no disadvantage. Again I differ with that theory,
because I have seen sands in which the individual grains
were coated with a very fine loam or clay dust. This coat¬
ing prevents the lime from coming in contact with the silica,
consequently making an improper bond and a punky brick.

You can run this same sand through a washery to re¬
move the loam, and you will have the silica in the proper
shape, but that adds to the cost of production.

Again, some very good looking and hard brick have been
produced from sand and loam mixed, but I would not care
to use such brick in a building, as they would disintegrate
by frost or fire.

A high percentage of silica is very necessary, and with¬
out it you can not expect to get good results. Candidly
speaking, it is a hard proposition to get a perfectly clean
sand in the ordinary bank on account of the vegetable mat¬
ter and soil on the surface, that caves down as the bank is
worked. In such cases it is best to remove all of the top
soil, prior to working the bank.

With river sand, you may get a good quality for a short
time, and when the freshets come and deposit mud and
slime on top of your sand, you are really up against a bad
proposition. My advice in working river sand, is to get
it out in large quantities and keep a supply ahead, so that
it is unnecessary to go into the river immediately after a
freshet, for your daily supply.

"Read at the last meeting of the National Associatoin of Manufact¬
urers of Sand-lime Products, recently held in Chicago. The discuss¬
ion on this article will appear in the next issue.

Sea sand is being used for brickmaking, but some have
used it to their sorrow. Sea sand that comes in contact
with the salt sea water will not make a good bond with the
lime; again this class of sand is of the round grain variety.
The only sea sand that is practical to work, is that which
has been away from the sea water for years, and has been
purified by the elements.

I was told by a man who has had charge of masonry work
for one of the large railroads of the South, that in the whole
State of Florida there was only one deposit of sand suitable
for masonry work, and it was located about forty miles in¬
land from the Gulf of Mexico, although there are a num¬
ber of plants making sand-lime brick in that State.

Another matter of great moment in selecting sand is, to
get it of varied sized grains. If it were possible to get it
proportioned as follows, you need not worry about results:
20 per cent passing 20 mesh, 20 per cent passing 40 mesh,
20 per cent passing 60 mesh, 20 per cent passing 80 mesh,
20 per cent passing 100 mesh screens, providing it is a
clean, sharp sand, and you are using a high calcium lime
in your mixture, in proper proportions, you will get good
results. Where you use a coarse sand of nearly one size
grains, you will not be able to make a compact brick, im¬
pervious to water.

You must have a sand that has various sized, sharp
grains, so that the smaller grains will fill the voids between
the larger ones, also about 20 per cent of silica flour of 100
mesh and finer, if you intend making a high grade brick.

Lime — We are told that ordinary white lime, in a burnt
condition, as used in making mortar for masonry won*, is
suitable. Also' agricultural and shell lime can be used.

My advice to you is, go slow with the use of lime in this
work unless it has been chemically analyzed, and practically
’ tested with the sand you intend using. It is also necessary
that your lime should be tested often, even if you are get¬
ting it from the same quarry and kilns. Limestone like
all other mineral formations, runs in strata, and the vari¬
ous strata will vary in composition.

Without prejudice toward those using, or engaged in
producing hydrated lime for sand-lime brick making, I
must say that I personally prefer to use lump lime and hy¬
drate it on the brick plant.

From what I can learn of some of the systems of hydrat¬
ing as done. at the lime company’s plant, time governs the
process. The lime is dumped into the hydrating machine
or on the floor of the hydratin groom moisture added and
allowed to remain a certain length of time, or worked by
conveyors, etc., according to the style of the machine used,
until the allotted time is consumed, and called hydrated
lime.

That system may answer providing the chemical compo¬
sition of the limestone from which the lime is burned, is
uniform. I know of one instance where a brick company
decided to use lime, hydrated by a lime company. They
ordered a carload, used the lime in one day’s run and when
they removed the cylinder head, they found about as many
brick off the cars as on; the cause being, that the so-called
hydrated lime was not thoroughly hydrated and had ex-

CLHY RECORD.

panded in the brick when under steam pressure and water
vapor.

That demonstrates the fact that if there are any particles
of unslacked lime in your brick when pressed, the steam or
water vapor in the hardening cylinder will finish the slak¬
ing process and burst your brick.

As to the percentage of lime to be used, you must take
into consideration that the composition of your lime and
sand that enters into the mixture. You are told that 5
per cent of lime and 95 per cent of sand is the standard
mixture, but is this 5 per cent of calcium lime, or 5 per
cent of lime containing 30 to 50 per cent magnesia? You
must have the necessary percentage of calcium hydrate to
bond with the silicic oxide to form hydro-calcium-silicate
or sand-lime brick. We will find brick-layers who say they
have to use 10 per cent lime. Are they really using 10 per
cent calcium hydrate, or are they using 5 per cent of cal¬
cium hydrate in the 10 per cent bulk? Such things are of¬
ten overlooked.

It has been thoroughly demonstrated that 5 per cent of
calcium hydrate, with clean sharp silicic oxide, is a suffi¬
cient amount to make hydro-calcium-silicate or sand-lime
brick. A proper mixture is governed by the quality of the
sand and lime to be mixed, and when the mixture is made
damp, a chemical combination takes place and forms silicate
of lime.

If the moisture is introduced in the form of steam, the
formation of the silicate of lime is more rapid. The silica
sand is set free and coats the grains of sand which are
brought into contact with each other, by the pressure ex¬
erted by the press in forming the brick, and a petrification
ensues with a result that you have as near a natural sand¬
stone formation as it is possible for man to make. To sat¬
isfy your optical sense, place a broken sand-lime brick and
a piece of natural sandstone of similar texture under a
glass, and note the similarity.

If you use a high calcium lime virtually free from mag¬
nesia and a clean sharp silica sand, you have an easier prop¬
osition than the fellow who has a magnesium lime and
clean sharp sand, because he will get a chalky brick. Again
if you have a high magnesium lime and round grain sand,
you can get a good hond, you have a chalky brick and you
can rub the grains of sand from a hardened brick with your
thumb or finger.

Should your lime contain a high percentage of calcium
and be practically free of magnesia, your sand round
grained, you will not get a good brick, while if you are
using a high magnesium lime and a loamy sand, either
sharp or round grain, your troubles will be too numerous
to mention.

As to the methods of mixing the sand and lime by me¬
chanical devices, I prefer to deal with that matter lightly
as there are so many different opinions on the subject.
Each system of hydrating, grinding and mixing of lime
with sand, has its supporters, each having some strong
points to present. The dry crushed lime, tube mill grind¬
ing of lime with a portion or all of the sand used, followed
by dry and wet mixing with the 24 hour silo hydration be¬
fore pressing ; the vacuum hydration and mixing by batch ;

the hydration of lime in hardening cylinder, pulverizing,
proportioning with sand direct from bank, mixing and
pressing, are the leading systems, while others have in¬
vented methods of their own. By the tube mill system, the
sand must be absolutely dry to prevent choking the tube
mill. By the steam hydration and no tube mill, sand can
be worked as moist as it comes from the bank.

While the dry process requires 24 hours to prepare the
material for the press, the wet process requires less than
thirty minutes for the sand to go from the bank to the
hardening car. With the latter, a dryer is only necessary
when your sand necessitates screening.

Very good brick are being produced by the various meth¬
ods of mixing, but it lies with the users of these various
methods to say which one entails the least cost and pro¬
duces the best results.

Quite a number of you gentlemen can speak for the
various methods as you have tried most of them. None of
us are too old to learn something new, and something to
our advantage, if we can only convince ourselves that we
don’t know it all right now, and the other fellow knows
nothing.

Many a brickmaker has made a success by accident,
mixed with a little common sense (which is defined by a
noted writer, as sense that is not common), while many a
man with money, good habits, honest and industrious, has
failed trying to study where he has made his mistakes, and
by being satisfied with his own dear self, and the bounds of
his own little realm.

- -

GERMAN PRINCESS IN BUSINESS.

The Kaiser, who inherited from one of his wealthy sub¬
jects a porcelain factory at Cardinen worth about 6,000,000
marks, is not, says the Glasgow Herald, the only royal man
of business in Germany.

The Prince of Lippe-Detmold makes the major part of
his income from the sale of butter and eggs from his estate
and bricks from his limekilns. His civil list is small, and
he keeps up the royal state of his little principality (he looks
into three countries from his drawing room windows) by
the revenues from his personal property.

Prince Bismarck had the monopoly of supplying the tele¬
graph poles for the German empire and had a distillery in
which he produced a particularly vivacious schnapps which
is said to be “a near thing to a torchlight procession.”

Prince Guido con Henckel von Donnermarck is not only
the richest proprietor in the German empire, but is also a
silk manufacturer. t

Prince Christian Kraft von Hohenlohe, Duke of Ujest,
is not only a mine owner but also the owner of the Hohen¬
lohe Meal factory, the Hohenlohe Cake bakery and — horri¬
ble to relate ! — the Hohenlohe Corset factory.

Prince Max Egon von Furstenberg, the richest aristo¬
crat in Germany and friend of the Kaiser, is a brewer, and
the “Fuerstlich Fuerstenbergisches bier,” has more than a
local reputation. It is the Kaiser’s favorite beer and the
prince has the exclusive privilege of supplying the beer for
the whole of the royal household.

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST

to the Clay manufacturer.

These new inventions are those that are especially of
interest to anyone engaged in tne line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

844,602. Machine for Making Cement Roofing-Tiles.
Joseph Liening, Leer, Germany. Filed Aug. 13, 1906.
Serial No. 330,502.

Claim — In a machine for the manufacture of cement
roofing-tiles, the combination of molds for the tiles having
removable bottoms arranged therein, endless-chain con¬
veyers for automatically conducting the molds consecu¬
tively to the different devices for making the tiles, means
for vertically turning the endless-chain conveyers with the
molds after they have left the last of said devices, means
for raising the removable bottoms above the edges of said
molds with the tiles resting upon them before they are
turned said means being arranged below the molds and so
disposed that the bottoms are raised by them above the
edges of the mold.

In a machine for the manufacture of cement roofing-tiles,
molds for the tiles, loose bottoms in said molds, endless-
chain conveyers for automatically conducting such molds
one after the other to the different devices for making the
tiles, means for turning the endless-chain conveyers with
the molds vertically after their having left the last of said
devices, a spider for raising said loose bottoms before the
vertical turn of the molds, said spider being rotatably ar¬
ranged below the filled molds apd within the room inclosed
by the endless-chain conveyers, said spiders keeping said
bottoms in the raised position, dog-pins on the end of each
spider-arm for engaging the loose bottoms, some of said
dog-pins being arranged movably, means for moving said
movable dog-pins in such a manner that the loose bottoms
are raised in horizontal position.

845,329. Plastic Brick or Like Molding Machine. John
W. Bottomley, Leeds, England. Filed Oct. 12, 1906. Se¬
rial No. 338,624.

Claim — In a plastic brick or like molding machine, a plu¬
rality of rollers arranged in pairs one behind the other, the
second or each succeeding pair of rollers being of smaller
diameter or set farther apart than the preceding pair of
rollers to give a gradually-increasing clay-space between
each pair of rollers, in the manner and for the purpose sub¬
stantially as herein shown and described.

The combination with two or more pairs of rollers, each
succeeding pair being of smaller diameter than the preced¬
ing pair, or otherwise of the same diameter, and set farther
apart and means for driving said rollers and confining the
clay at the ends of the rollers, of plates or clearers secured
in the angles between each pair of rollers to prevent the
clay being carried forward between adjacent rollers in each
pair of rollers, all constructed, arranged and operating sub¬
stantially as herein set forth.

845,146. Brick-Press. Paul Thomann, Halle-on-the-
Salle,. Germany. Filed June 22, 1905. Renewed Jan. 8,.
1907. Serial No. 351,394.

Claim — A brick-press comprising a hopper, a vertically-
movable slide closing the front of the hopper, a passage be¬
neath said hopper, a mold in said passage, means for mov¬
ing the mold, a scraper forming with the slide a guideway,
a stamper adapted to move in said guideway, a spring tend¬
ing to press said stamper downwardly and a cam for rais¬
ing the stamper.

845,661. Grinding or Pulverizing Mill. William S. Os¬
borne, Marietta, Pa. Filed Sept. 17, 1904. Serial No.
224,870.

Claim — In a pulverizing-mill, a series of independent re¬
volving rings, in combination with a series of rolls located
within and imparting rotary movement to said rings, the
rolls being of different sizes whereby a gradual reduction is
attained, substantially as described.

The combination in a pulverizing-mill, of a driving-shaft,
a grinding-ring, a roll carried by said shaft and imparting-
rotary movement directly to said ring, supplemental shafts,
a grinding-roll suported on each of said shafts coacting
with said ring to grind material between said rolls and said
ring, and a frame having openings within which the bear¬
ings of said shafts are located, and spring-mounted devices

CLAY RECORD

also located within the openings in said frame for forcing
the last-mentioned rolls against said ring, substantially as
described.

845,171. Crusher and Pulverizer. William H. Gard¬
ner, Basic City, Va., assignor to Williams Patent Crusher
& Pulverizer Company, St. Louis, Mo., a Corporation of
Missouri. Filed Dec. 28, 1905. Serial No. 298,611.

Claim — In a machine of the class described, the combina¬
tion with a shaft, of hammer-supports connected to said
shaft and each consisting of a plurality of radially-extend¬

ing wings, said hammer-supports being so arranged that
the wings of one support are arranged midway the wings
of the adjacent support, hammers pivotally connected be¬
tween the outer ends of the wings of alternate supports,
and continuous rods extending through the wings of the
supports in front of the pivots of the hammers and adja¬
cent to said pivots to limit the forward movements of the
hammers ; substantially as described.

845,189. Apparatus for Hydrating Lime. William S.
Osborne, Marietta, Pa. Filed March 2, 1905. Serial No.
248,096.

Claim — >In apparatus of the character described, the com¬
bination of means for moistening lime, a rotatable vat into
which the moistening means discharge, and plows or agita¬
tors for mixing the material in the vat while it is hydrated,
substantially as described.

In apparatus of the character described ; the combination
of a mixing device, means for causing the material therein
to overflow, a receiving-hopper receiving the material from
said device, cooling-vats arranged to receive the material
from said receiving-hopper, and divided chutes with valves
controlling the delivery of material from the receiving-
hopper to the cooling-vats, whereby, the material may be
fed into one of the cooling-vats while the material is cool¬
ing in the other, substantially as described.

845,872. Brick-Machine. Howard L. Hix, Frankfort,
Ind. Filed Sept. 8, 1906. Serial No. 333,789.

Claim — In a clay-cutter, the combination, with a re¬
ceiver for a clay column, of cutting mechanism comprising
a main rotatable body rotating in a plane fixed relative to
the line of movement of the clay column, a cutter carried
by said rotatable body, supporting means for said cutter
permitting movement thereof longitudinally of the clay col¬
umn, and means for positively moving said means in
synchronism with the travel of the clay column during its

traverse .through cutting position, a driving connection be¬
tween the cutting mechanism consisting in part of an initial
member engaged by the clay column near its initial end, a
source of supplemental power, driving connections between
said supplemental power and the cutting mechanism, a
governor automatically preventing the application of an
excess of supplemental power, and a pair of frictionally-
engaging members forming a part of the driving connection
between the cutting mechanism and the initial member en¬
gaged by the clay column.

847,120. Brick-Machine. Theodore Sederwall, Barry,
Ill. Filed Jan. 7, 1907. Serial No. 351,240.

Claim — A brick-machine comprising a stand flat at its up¬
per side, a body fixed on the upper side of the stand and
having side walls and also having a forward wall in which
at intervals of its length are vertical notches or kerfs, side
walls hinged to and extending forward from the forward
ends of the side walls of the body, a removable front wall
arranged on the flat upper* side of the stand and between the
hinged side walls and having vertical grooves in its inner
side, means for detachably connecting said front wall to the

hinged side walls, a removable pallet resting on the flat
upper side of the stand and between the front wall of the
body, the hinged side walls and the detachably-connected
front wall, whereby when the front wall is removed and
the hinged walls are swung outward, the pallet may be
moved forward on the flat stand and removed therefrom,
dividing-plates movable fore and aft in the vertical notches
or kerfs of the body-wall, a bar connecting said dividing-
plates at the rear thereof and having rearwardly-extending
arms at its ends, racks on said arms, and a shaft journaled
in bearings on the stand and having spur-gears intermeshed
with said facks.

CL.HY RECORD.

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company,

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor.
SUBSCRIPTIONS.

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States, Canada or Mexico
and one dollar fifty cents for all other foreign countries.

Pfcpers are not stopped at the end of subscriptions unless the sub¬
scribers order them so and pay up the arrearages.

ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POST OFFICE AS SECOND-CLAS8 MATTER

Vol. XXX. APRIL 30, 1907. No. 8

“I like to read American advertisements. They are to
themselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.” — William E. Gladstone.

Chronic kickers soon develop a whine that won’t wear off.

Prosperity brings many friends, but hard luck separates
the wheat from the chaff.

Talk is cheap — except when a man’s wife begins to ex¬
plain why she needs the money.

A man -doesn’t mind getting the worst of it as much as
he dislikes seeing the other fellow get the best of it.

About the only difference between accepting a position
and securing a job is the matter of renumeration.

Some things come to those who wait, but the best things
come to those who are so busy hustling that they have no'
time to wait.

How inconsistent your neighbors are ! They refuse to
say that you are a good man, but after the undertaker gets
you they delight in saying that you were a good man.

Subscribe today for the Clay Record and receive regu¬
larly the only semi-monthly clay journal printed on this
side of the Pond. It costs only one dollar for the year and
keeps you posted. Can you afford to be without it for this
paltry sum ? Send in the dollar todav.

UNITED STATES OFFICIAL TIES UP FRENCH

INDUSTRY.

Limoges, France, April 24. — By the report of a United
States customs officer regarding the sale price of porcelain,
the industry here is almost at a standstill. Several hundred
men are out of employment because of the holding up of
consignments by the custom officers at New York. There
are from 300 to 400 cases of porcelain, exported by the
Haviland, Martin, and Guerin companies, lying at New
York.

The manufacturers assert that this resulted from a re¬
port of a United States treasury agent to the effect that the
goods were being sold cheaper in the United States than in
Europe.

They have furnished the facts to the United States consul
here and appealed from the examiners to the board of ap¬
praisers.

Paris, April 26. — Former Minister Pichon today received
the delegation of deputies and others representing the
Limoges porcelain industry, who called to protest against
the action of the United States customs authorities in refus¬
ing admission to consignments of Limoges porcelain owing
to reports that the goods were wrongly invoiced, which
created a crisis in the porcelain factories. After listening
to the complaints of the delegates, the Minister forwarded
instructions to Ambassador Jusserand at Washington, to
lay the affair before the Washington authorities with the
view of ending the difficulties.

Washington, April 26. — The dispatch from Paris stating
that representatives of the Limoges porcelain industry had
protested against the action of this government in refusing
the admission of consignments of* porcelain because of the
report that they had been wrongly invoiced, was shown
to the treasury officials today. Assistant Secretary
Reynolds, in charge of customs matters, said that he knew
of no refusal on the part of this government to receive
invoices of Limoges porcelain on any account. The facts,
it was stated, are that acting upon information in their
possession, the appraising officers at New York raised the
value of certain china importation from France. The im¬
porters appealed from this action to the Board of General
Appraisers and the cases are now under consideration.
The Treasury Department is expediting the final settlement
of this matter in every way.

It is possible that some importers are not now making
entries of French chinaware pending the determination of
the question of value by the Board of General Appraisers,
for, if the board should decide that the invoiced value was
less than the real value of the merchandise, the importers
would suffer from being compelled to pay additional duties.

- ♦«»

EARNED SIXTY PERCENT ON CAPITAL STOCK

The Columbus, Ohio, Clay Products company, which is
a reorganization of a Groveport brick company, will pay its
first dividend some time during the coming year. Last
year the company earned 60 per cent on its capital stock,
but the surplus was put back to develop the business. It is
probable that the declaration will be made in a few weeks.

CLKV RECORD.

OBITUARY

William A. Bryon, age 46 years, a prominent business
man and general manager of the Edenburg Brick Works,
died at his home in New Castle, Pa., after a six days’
illness.

Stephen Bertler, 53 years of age, fell from the top of one
of his kilns in his brick yard at Manitowoc, Wis., so in¬
jured him that he died after a two weeks’ illness.

Major Henry R. Guss, the brick manufacturer at West
Chester, Pa., died at his home in that city April 20th.

- ♦-»-* -

NEW YORK BRICK PRICES GO LOWER

The prices of brick in New York have dropped from
$6,25-$6.5o per thousand since the river opened to $5.25-
$5.75 at the present time At these prices there is little or
no money for manufacturers, under the existing schedule
of costs for production.

BRICK AND CLAY RATES HIGHER.

Freight rates on brick and clay are to be raised approxi¬
mately 10 per cent August 1. Announcement to this effect
has been made in Cleveland. Every important railroad in
the country is included in the agreement.

The boosting of rates on these commodities is in harmony
with the recent action of the railroads in putting up rates
on other commodities, some of which increases went into
effect April 1 and the rest of which will become effective
April 15. The railroads give as a reason for the higher rate
that operating expenses are greater and passenger revenue
less than formerly.

The postponing of the date on which the new rates will
go into effect until August 1 is to the advantage of the ship¬
pers. Summer is the busiest season for brick shipments.

TO CURTAIL THE HUDSON RIVER PRO¬
DUCTION.

The course of action decided upon at the meeting of the
Hudson River Association of Brick Manufacturers and
Agents, which was held at The Palatine, was substantially
the same as forecasted. The unprecedented condition of
the brick market, with the price of brick lower than it has
been in years, the demand abnormally small and a large
supply on hand, were all carefully considered, and a dis¬
cussion lasting over an hour and a half was indulged in as
to the best course the members could pursue to have the
market resume its normal tone.

The two methods of curtailment — that of beginning the
season late and that of limiting the supply until normal
conditions are again restored — were adopted by the asso¬
ciation. The season will not open along the Hudson until
May 13, at which time nearly all the yards will begin opera¬
tions.

It was decided that the method of curtailing the supply
during the season should be the closing of all of the yards
one day a week. It its hoped by the manufacturers that
these methods will soon raise the price of brick sufficiently
to let them operate their plants at a profit, which they claim
they cannot do with the price of brick as low as it is now.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSES

The Grand Jury at Toledo, Ohio, returned 75 indict¬
ments against wealthy and prominent manufacturers and
dealers of building materials, including true bills against
the leading brick manufacturers for violation of the anti
trust-law.

George S. Goodwin, president of the Goodwin Bros.
Pottery Co., East Liverpool, Ohio, was struck by a bicycle
ridden by a negro and seriously and possibly fatally injured.
He was taken to a hospital where he is suffering of con¬
cussion of the brain.

John A. Mitchell and William Bullock, of Toronto,
Ontario, are committed for trial on a charge of false pre¬
tenses preferred by J. L. Holmes, who paid $2,000 to them
for the Scientific System Brick Co., which was a failure.

In a suit of the Horton Mfg. Co., against Mayor Helm-
bold of Newport, Ky., a judgment was ordered for $3,150
in favor of the plaintiff.

Four companies have asked the U. S. district court at
Cleveland, Ohio, that the Eggers Brick Company be de¬
clared a bankrupt.

John H. Bentley has appealed his suit against the Kan¬
sas Buff Brick & Mfg. Co., Altoona, Kansas. He asks
$10,000 damages and the court granted him $3,808. He
was injured by an explosion of dynamite.

The Judge at Grand Rapids, Mich., took the case of
Gertrude Retzema vs. the Valley City Brick Co. from the
jury and held that the company was not responsible for
negligence on the part of fellow-employes of the man who
was killed.

John Law, the foreman, was crushed to death at the
Humphrey Bros. Brick & Tile Works at Brooksville, Pa.
At noon he crawled under the crusher to oil the journals
and when they started up other employes were not aware
of his position and started the machinery and killed him
instantly.

FIRE! FIRE! FIRE !

Fire partly burned the plant of Reistbr Brothers at
Washington, Ind.

Fire destroyed the greater part of the City Fire Proofing
Co.’s Tile factory at 61 1 West 51st St., New York. The
loss is estimated at $50,000.

The plant of the Wilson Brick Co., owned by F. H.
Wilson and F. N. Wilson at Wilson, Conn., was destroyed
by fire causing a loss of $2,500.

Fire caused by boys did damage to the plant of the
American Brick Co., Pittsburg, Pa., at Blaine street. The
loss is over $1,000 and is covered by insurance.

Fire of unknown origin caused a loss of $60,000 to the
F. H. Wolf Brick Co.’s plant at Martin St. & M. C. Rv.,
Springwells, Detroit, Mich., partly covered by insurance.

Fire from an unknown cause did damage to the North
Iowa Brick & Tile Co.’s plant at Mason City, la. The
office and valuable records were burned. The plant is in
course of construction.

Plant No. 1 of the Ittner Brick Co., at Belleville, Ills.,
was completely destroyed by fire, causing a loss of $45,000
which is partly covered by insurance. Warren Ittner is
'he manager of the plant and the main office of the com¬
pany is in St. Louis, Mo.

OLKY RECORD.

NOT ALWAYS HARMONY EVEN IN BRICK

COMBINES.

There is an interesting- sequel to the story of the indig¬
nation meeting held by the members of the Grand Forks,
N. D., Builders’ & Traders’ exchange, on account of the al¬
leged awarding of contracts for new University buildings
to contractors outside of the state.

It has long been known that there exists a brick combine
at Grand Forks and that the indignation aroused is reallv
an internecine row among the brick manufacturers. One of
the latter was selling no brick and he so informed the other
who, by the way had friendly contractors who were buying
their output, but the complaining brickmaker had not any
such contractor. He was politely told to go and sell his
bricks and he said he would.

Here is the sequel, the complaining brickmaker was in¬
fluential in the circle of the board of trustees of the univer¬
sity and the upshot was that outside contractors were in¬
vited to bid on new university buildings and a Chicago con¬
tractor picked the plum and the complaining brickmaker
sold his brick in stock and a lot more, hence the row in the
Grand Forks builders’ exchange, and outside the latter there
is uncontrollable laughter going on among the friends of
the man who was told to go and sell his brick. It seems to
be a repetition of the old story at the Forks that, when they
cannot eat up other people, they begin chewing off each
other’s ears.

■» • »•

WILL MAKE PRESSED BRICK.

The Pacific Face Brick Company has been organized in
Portland, Oregon, and incorporation papers will be filed im¬
mediately with the Secretary of State. The incorporators
are Jesse Edwards, of Newberg; C. E. Fuller, of Portland,
and Dr. Andrew Kershaw, of Willamina. The company
has a paid-up capital of $150,000.

An election of officers for the new comoanv resulted as

1. J

follows: President, Jesse Edwards, of Newberg; vice-pres-
idena, Dr. Andrew Kershaw, of Willamina ; secretary, C.
E. Fuller, Portland; treasurer and general manager, O. K.
Edwards', of Newberg. The main office will be in Portland.

The company will take over the Edwards pressed brick
plant at Newberg. The plant will be operated at Newberg
until next fall, when the machinery and other accessories of
the plant will be removed to Willamina, Yamhill County,
where the fire clay is found from which the company will
make its brick.

Dr. Kershaw, one of the incorporators, owns 400 acres
of this clay at Willamina. Most of the capital stock sub¬
scribed by the incorporators will be used to equip the new
plant at Willamina, and it is estimated that 100,000 brick
will be turned out daily, employing as many as 100 men.

- ♦-»-* -

GRIFFITH & WEDGE COMPANY SHIPS POT¬
TERY MACHINERY TO PETER NEILSON
IN DENMARK.

The Griffith & Wedge company, of Zanesville, O., has just
shipped to Middlefort, Denmark, a large consignment of
pottery machinery which was ordered some time ago by
Peter Neilson, formerly of this country, but now superin¬
tendent of a large pottery in Denmark.

THE SAN FRANCISCO CONTINUOUS' KILN.

It has been reserved for a San Francisco, Cal., man to
bring to practical perfection a continuous brick kiln that
is worthy of special mention.

Mr. Wm. A. Butler, the inventor, is a son of the well-
know pioneer California mason and builder, Thos. Butler.

Advantages claimed for this kiln are that it is the only
continuous kiln having regenerative furnaces for burning
bricks with crude oil or powdered coal.

This kiln has the greatest thermic efficiency, for the fol¬
lowing reasons :

First, A perfect system of regulating the velocity of
gases through the kiln.

Second, No excess of air, such as is required in up draft
or down draft kilns.

Third, Perfect air recuperation.

Fourth, Perfect combustion.

Fifth, Loss by radiation reduced to a minimum.

Sixth, No cold air admitted with the fuel in the com¬
bustion chambers.

Seventh, Heat generated instantaneously.

Eight, No delays, no waiting for the coal or other fuel
to ignite, as in the ordinary continuous kiln.

Ninth, The burning bricks receive the full benefit of all
the heat produced, as the combustion chambers are con¬
tiguous to the kiln.

Tenth, The amount of heat generated is at least 100
per cent greater than that produced by coal screenings
dropped between the burning bricks in a given length of
time, in the ordinary continuous kiln.

Construction.

This kiln can be built with 10 per cent less material
than the ordinary continuous kiln.

The outside and inside walls, etc., are left down to a
point four feet below the coal-floor line of the ordinary
continuous kiln, the arch only being built above this line.

There are no Bags or Bag Walls to take down and re¬
build when the kiln doors are opened and sealed up.

Has no complicated system of flues.

Has no complicated system of gas producers.

Can be arranged for utilizing the surplus heat with a
blower, no chimney being required in this case.

This system applied to a Hoffman kiln will increase its
capacity at least one hundred per cent.

William A. Butler, patentee of the kiln, can be addressed

at 34 Parkside Avenue, San Francisco, Cal.

- -

TWO BRICK FIRMS UNITE.

The Idaho Lime company and the Newport Brick & Lime
company have consolidated under the name of the former
company. The arrangement was recently completed, the
stockholders in the Newport company being granted stock
a trifle in excess of $50,000 in the Idaho Lime company.

The Newport company had its establishment at Newport,
Idaho, and was engaged in the manufacture of common and
pressed brick. The Idaho Lime company has its works on
the S. F. & N. and is engaged in the production of lime,
pressed and repressed brick, and tiling. The enlarged com¬
pany will now be able to handle a much larger business
and will also be able to fill its orders more expeditiously.

CLRV RECORD,

A NEW COMPANY TO MAKE CEMENT BRICK

MACHINERY

Practical brick men and financiers, headed by Joseph E.
Kilby, of Cleveland, are incorporators of the Murdock
Co., which will make a new cement and sand brick machine
invented by Horace P. Murdock, of Detroit, Mich.

The making economically of a cement brick which shall
have the same tensile strength as a pressed clay brick has
been a problem ever since the boom in cement as a building
material. Mr. Murdock has been at work on the problem
for three and one-half years, and has been backed finan¬
cially by the men now interested in the company. His ma¬
chine makes forty-eight bricks at a time, giving it a capacity
of 35,000 a day, while a portable power machine will be
made for about 10,000 brick and a hand machine which
will turn out 5,000.

The strong point of the apparatus is that it gets perfectly
square corners and equal density throughout at high speed.
In connection with the machine, Mr. Murdock has devised
a cement mixer which obtains perfect mingling of wet ce¬
ment and sand.

Offices and shops for making the lighter parts of the
machines will be established at 672-4 Fort street west.

The officers of the company are: President, Joseph E.
Kilby; vice-president, James G. Tucker; secretary, James
M. Collins ; treasurer, John I. Crissman. These, with John
A. Gehring, O. M, Clark, Dr. George Cone and M. R.
Bacon, comprise the board of directors. Mr. Kilby is vice-
president and manager of the Kilby Manufacturing Co., of
Cleveland, one of the largest makers of sugar beet ma¬
chinery in the world. The company is capitalized at $200,-
000, about one-third of it paid in.

RECENT SALES MADE BY THE “MARTIN”

COMPANY

The Shull and Badger Brick Company, Butler, Pennsyl¬
vania, are also installing one of the new modern “Martin”
Patent Compound Disintegrators, built by the Henry Mar¬
tin Brick Machine Manufacturing Company, of Lancas¬
ter, Pennsylvania.

The Fixico Mining Company, Fixico, Alabama, are put¬
ting in three of the “Martin Iron Base Crushers, furnished
by the Henry Martin Brick Machine Manufacturing Com¬
pany, of . Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

Mr. John Hurley, of Denver, Colorado, is at the pres¬
ent time installing a complete equipment of the “Martin”
Horse-power Brick Machinery, bought from the Henry
Martin Brick Machine Manufacturing Company, of Lan¬
caster, Pennsylvania.

The Delaware Terra Cotta Company, of Wilmington,
Delaware, are equipping their plant with the latest im¬
proved “Martin” Patent System of handling and drying
40,000 stiff mud brick daily, being installed by the Henry
Martin Brick Machine Manufacturing Company, of Lan¬
caster, Pennsylvania.

The Henry Martin Brick Machine Manufacturing Co.,
of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, are preparing for immediate
shipment four of their Latest Improved Eccentric Pattern
Rock and Ore Crushers, having a receiving opening of 15"
x2o", and two of the largest sizes they build, viz, i6"x
24", for shipment to Salt Lake City, Utah.

POTTERY NEWS ITEMS

Money will do a great many things, but it will not
remove the freckles from a man’s conscience.

A. J. Swap has succeeded Mr. Williams as the manager
of the Western Stoneware Co.’s plant at Clinton, Mo.

The Lowell (Ills.) Pottery Co., have built a new building
for their machinery. The machinery is now being set up.

The Ozark Pottery Co., of St. Louis, Mo., has filed a
statement to show its increase in capital stock from
$5,000 to $25,000.

The Crooksville (O.) China Co. have decided to make
some extensive additions to their plant, that when made will
furnish employment to 250 persons.

The S, H. Brown Pottery Co., Roseville, Ohio, has
been incorporated $40,000 capital stock. S. H. Brown
will be the superintendent of the new plant.

The Warren (O.) Pottery Co. is to be sold to pay the
taxes, and a trust mortgage held by Geo. H. Tayler. The
plant has not been operated for six years.

The Crabtree Ceramic Art Co., Syracuse, N.. Y., has
been incorporated with $75,000 capital stock by Louis
Crabtree, C. Avirell and S. C. Hunter, directors.

It is the intention of the Imperial Porcelain Co., Tren¬
ton, N. J., to erect a new plant to cost $25,000, besides run¬
ning their present plant in the East Trenton pottery.

The Receivers of the Bell Pottery Co., Columbus, Ohio,
have filed application asking for the sale of the property,
as there are no funds with which to conduct the business.

The board of directors of the Dover (N. H.) Brick &
Pottery Co., recently held a meeting to further the plans for
a pottery on Cocheco street. Mr. Morris will be the
manager.

The Western Stoneware Co., Monmouth, Ills., will build
an additional factory at Macomb, Ill., that will cost in
the neighborhood of $20,000. W. D. Brereton is president
of the company.

The American Mutual Pottery Co., Columbus, Ohio, has
been incorporated with $100,000 capital stock and have
purchased the partly destroyed pottery plant at Chaseland
formerly owned by the Columbus Pottery Co.

The West Virginia Pottery Co. of Bridgeport. W. Va.,
has been incorporated with $12,000 capital stock. The
incorporators are V. L. Highland, S. S. Faris. N. M.
Jones, J. D. Lawson, C. H. Warner and Gordon B. Late.

The Ouachita Pottery Co., of St. Louis, Mo., of which
R. S. Bradford is president, has purchased large holdings
at Versailles, Mo., which contain large deposits of fine
clay. They will build a factory to employ 1,000 men. The
capital stock is $3,000,000.

The Weir Pottery Co., Monmouth, Ills., has brought
action against the Western Stoneware Co., to foreclose the
sale of $122,000 of stock and bonds and the delivering of
$194,000 of preferred stock in the Western Stoneware Co.
The Weir plant was taken over by the Western Stoneware
Co. a year ago.

The Perrysville (Ohio) Pottery Co., has been incor¬
porated with $25,000 capital stock. The new plant cost¬
ing $15,000 will be located on the Byers farm. S. Jenks,
of Steubenville, has take'n stock in the company and will
manage it. The incorporators are A. Shambaugh, D. blun¬
ter, H. A. Galligher, C. L. Carey and A. T. Zimmerman.

CLAY

RECORD.

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS

The Nooksack, (Wash.) Miracle Stone & Brick Co., has
been organized to make concrete brick, tile and blocks.

Isidor Kaunitz and M. H. Avram will organize a com¬
pany to manufacture brick by a new process at Ybor City,
Fla.

The Cincinnati, (O.) Concrete Pressed Brick Co., has
been incorporated with $100,000 capital stock, by J. K.
Long and others.

The Alleghany Facing Brick & Concrete Co. has located
their plant at Belmont, N. Y., and will have same in oper¬
ation within sixty days.

The North St. Joseph, (Mo.) Concrete Post & Brick Co.,
has been organized with $5,000 capital stock, by William
Ozenberger, J. S. Ozenberger, Ernest Batcheler and Fred.
Ozenberger.

The Silica Brick Co., Tampa, Fla., has purchased the
sand-lime brick plant at Varico and will operate same, Elmer
Webb as general manager, L. W. Smith and C. C Warren
are also interested.

The Southern Engineering & Contracting Co., Little
Rock, Ark., will erect a sand-lime brick plant and wants
prices on such machinery. M. Roberts is president and
G. W Hershman, secretary and treasurer

The Composite Brick Co., Sellwood station, Portland,
Oregon, has been reorganized and the plant will be over¬
hauled. R. R. Grabell is president ; J. J. Reed, vice-presi¬
dent; F. L. Mills, secretary and treasurer.

A certificate of incorporation has been granted to the
Granite Brick Co., Waterburv, Ct., with $50,000 capital
stock. Incorporators are W. L. Hall, N. G Morse, Ralph

N. Blakeslee, Wilson Tuttle and F. M. Peaslev.

•The Louisiana Concrete Brick & Tile Co., Shreveport,
La., has been incorporated with $50,000 capital stock, offi¬
cers, L. W. Huckins, president ; C. W. King, vice-presi¬
dent; G. M. Leadman, secretary and treasurer. .

The Branditold Manufacturing & Construction Co., Ros¬
well, N. M., has been incorporated with $60,000 capital
stock. The incorporators are Charles W. Jones, G. A.
Richardson, C. H. Jones and Howard M. Jones all of Ros¬
well.

The Watertown (S. Dak.) Pressed Brick Co. has been
incorporated with $50,000 capital stock. The officers are
Dr. E. F. Harrington, president, H. E. Dickinson, vice pres¬
ident, C. S. Schalke, secretary, Dr. H. M. Finnerud, treas¬
urer, Edward Johnson, superintendent.

The Egyptian Monolithic Stone Co, of America, has
been organized at Brooklyn, N. Y., to manufacture brick
and stone, capital stock $10,000. Incorporators are W. C.
Owen and W. C. Owen, Jr., 271 Winthrop St., Wm. A.
Smith & James G. Handford, 17 No. First St., Tamaica,
N. Y.

The Belt Line Brick Co. has been organized at Minne¬
apolis, Minn., with $150,000 capital stock. They will build
a $40,000 sand lime brick plant in the belt line, between
Minneapolis and St. Paul. The plant is expected to be in
operation in June. H. E. Fletcher is president, W. B.
Chandler vice president, and Charles Morse treasurer.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

S. Z. Brannan, of McDade, Texas, wants prices on
brick-making machinery.

H. P. Jacobsen, Mt. Pleasant, Utah, has ordered machin¬
ery and will put in a modern brick plant.

L. D. Hill has purchased a one-half interest in the Milton
Center (Ohio) Tile Works and will help operate same.

George Stetters will build a $35,000 brick plant on Berry
avenue, at Bellevue, Ohio. He will make pressed brick.

Mason City capitalists have secured options on land at
Sheffield, Iowa, and will build a $50,000 brick and tile man¬
ufacturing plant.

The Garrison (la.) Brick & Tile Co. has secured the con¬
tract for 400,000 sewer brick for the new sewers to be built
at Cedar Falls this summer.

The Stovall (N. C.) Brick Co. is in the market for a
25,000 capacity brick plant, including pug mill, brick ma¬
chine, automatic cutters, trucks, cars, etc.

The Nebo (Ky.) Brick & Tile Co. has been incorporated
with $35,000 capital stock. The incorporators are, C. N.
Ferguson, W. T. King, and R. S. Walker.

O. J. McLane and C. J. Connelly, of Carthage, Mo., are
contemplating the starting of a brick works at Shrevesport,
La. J. B. Atkins will be associated with them.

P. B. Exelby, of Neodesha, Kansas, chemist and J. W.
Pratt, engineer, located the site for the Chanute (Kansas)
Cement & Clay Products Co.’s cement plant.

The Queen City Brick & Stone Co., Winooski, Vt., has
been incorporated with $10,000 capital stock. The com¬
pany will have plants in Burlington and Colchester.

The H. H. Piatt Brick & Lumber Co., Carrier Mills, Ills.,
has been organized with $25,000 capital stock. Incorpor¬
ators are H. H. Piatt, A. V. Fuller and H. Thompson.

William Conway, Fifty-eighth and Walnut streets, Phil¬
adelphia, Pa., has contracted with John Atkinson to build
a kiln at his brick yard that will be 34x216 feet long.

H. E. Ogden & Son Co., 525 Main St., East Orange, N.
J., has been incorporated with $100,000 capital stock. In¬
corporators are, Charles O. Geyer, Frank C. Ferguson, and
A. W. Condt.

The Hahne-Brunkhorst Co., Chicago, Ills., has been in¬
corporated with $60,000 capital stock to make brick in
Cook County. Incorporators are, E. C. Hahne, Alfred
Brunkhorst and F. Tegtmeyer.

The Southern Clay Products Co., Chattanooga, Tenn.,
has been incorporated with $250,000 capital stock. The
incorporators are, S. B. Smith, W. M. Elliott, A. T. Moore,
T. F. King, and A. S. Caldwell

Over 200 employees of the Sayre & Fisher at Savreville,
N. J., went on a strike April 2, for more pay. The com¬
pany employ 1,000 men. They returned to work later on
an increase of 15 cents a day, making $1.50 a day.

The Buffalo Center (Iowa) Tile & Brick Co. has reor¬
ganized with additional capital and will enlarge the plant
M. O. Skuttle is president ; A. C. Olsen, vice president ; I. .
H. Shoemaker, secretary; C. W. Gedd, treasurer; E. D.
Buckman, manager.

CLKY RECORD.

Work on the new plant of the Harbison-Walker Re¬
fractories Co., Indiana Harbor, Ind. has been started and the
company intend to take care of their Western trade.

C. A. Morley & Co., Jamestown, N. Y., are improving
their Levant Brick Works so that they can take care of
their orders.

The Amite (La.) City Bank has sold the Amite Brick
& Tile Company to William Empson, of Clinton, La., con¬
sideration $8,000.

The 250 employees of the W. S. Dickey Clay Mfg. Co.,
at Deep Water, Wis., went on a strike for 2j^ cents an hour
raise in wages, which has steadily been denied them.

The Enterprise Brick Co., Mountain View, N. J., has
been incorporated with $10,000 capital stock. Incorpora¬
tors are, William F. Hosier, Lusie Hosier and George W.
O’Connor.

L. D., H. H., W. H. and F. L. Cobb will build a 20,000
capacity pressed brick plant at Fort Worth, Texas. The
plant will be started at once on a site near Tyler’s Lake on
the T. & G. N. Ry.

The Council Bluffs (Iowa) Brick Co. has been incor¬
porated with $50,000 capital stock, by E. E. Hart, E. A.
Wickham, and William Arnd. The Weaver Brick Works
were purchased by them.

The Harbison-Walker Refractories Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.,
capital stock, $27,600,000, has incorporated in Indiana,
with $95,433 capital stock, W. D. Van Horne, agent, Ind¬
iana Harbor, Ind. They will build a large fire brick works,
using Wisconsin ganister rock.

The Bessemer Brick Co., Youngstown, O., has com¬
menced the erection of a 50,000 daily capacity brick plant
at Bessemer, Pa.

R. F. Smith, Belle Plaine, Iowa, will add the making of
drain tile and pressed brick to his brick-making plant and
has already ordered machinery for this purpose.

Ross Bros., Lumsden, Sask, have been testing their clay
with a view of starting a plant. They want tests made by
all processes so as to see which it is best adapted for.

A. P. Dyke, Hope, Ark., is offering splendid inducements
for a pressed brick and drain tile plant for that place. Read
what he has to say about it on page 40 and write to him.

The plants of the Idaho Lime Co. on the S. F. & N. Ry.
and the Newport (Idaho) Brick & Lime Co., both oper¬
ating brick and lime works, are consolidated under the
name of the former and will enlarge the plants.

At a special meeting of the Utica (N. Y.) Pressed Brick
Co. the main office was changed from New York City to
Utica. John E. Hardman of Montreal, Quebec, is presi¬
dent of the company and Clarence O. Putman of Utica,
secretary. The plant will be started up and it is the inten¬
tions of the company to enlarge.

Charles Franklin Lauer has taken an interest in the
American Clay Products Co., Chicago, of which Martin W.
Lauer is the president. For some years he will not take
an active interest in the management of the company af¬
fairs. Mr. Lauer says “he has five toes on each foot and
screams loudly when in want of something to eat.”

The New San Francisco Continuous Kiln

is the only CONTINUOUS KILN having regenerative furnaces for burning bricks with CRUDE OIL or POWDERED COAL

This kiln has the greatest thermic efficiency, for the following
reasons:

FIRST— A perfect system of regulating the velocity of gases
through the kiln.

SECOND— No excess of air, such as is required in UP-DRAFT or
DOWN-DRAFT kilns.

THIRD — Perfect air recuperation.

FOURTH— Perfect combustion.

FIFTH — Doss by radiation reduced to a minimum.

SIXTH — No cold air admitted with the fuel in the combustion
chambers. .

SEVENTH — Heat generated instantaneously.

EIGHTH — No delays, no waiting for the coal or other fuel to
ignite, as in the ordinary continuous kiln.

NINTH — The burning bricks receive the full benefit of all the heat
produced, as the combustion chambers are contiguous to the kiln.

TENTH— The amount of heat generated is at least 100$ greater
than that produced by coal screenings dropped between the burning
bricks in a given length of time, in the ordinary continuous kiln.

CONSTRUCTION

This kiln can be constructed with 10$ less material than the ordi¬
nary continuous kiln.

The outside and inside walls, etc., are left down to a point four
feet below the coal-floor line of the ordinary continuous kiln, the arch
only being built above this line.

There are no BAGS or BAG WAEES to take down and rebuild
when the kiln doors are opened and sealed up.

Has no complicated system of flues.

Has no complicated system of GAS PRODUCERS.

Can be arranged for utilizing the surplus heat with a blower, no
chimney being required in this case.

This system applied to a HOFFMAN K.IEN will increase its capac¬
ity at least 100 per cent.

WILLIAM A. BUTLER, Patentee, 34 Parkside Ave. San Francisco, Cal.

CLKV

)

A paving brick factory is to be started at Petersburg, Ills.

Edward D. Roberts will build a pressed brick works at
La Grange, Ga.

Daniel Coble will erect a steam brick manufacturing
plant at Ellensburg, Wash.

The St. Louis (Mo.) Vitrified Brick Co. has purchased
35 acres of land adjoining its plant at Clayton, paying
$16,591 for same.

George Bosney, proprietor of the Leesville,(La.;) brick
works is now making improvements to enlarge his plant.
They are now turning out 45,000 brick daily.

The Wyoming Brick & Con. Co.,' Lander, Wyoming,
have placed their brick machinery and are now ready for
operation. Adam Griesemer of Pueblo, Colo., is the man¬
ager.

The plant of the Muskogee (I. Ter.) Vitrified Brick Co.
is to be doubled in size and capacity so as to take care of the
great demand .for their brick both common and paving
brick.

The Chicago Retort & Fire Brick Co. have started to
build their new fire brick plant at Ottawa, Ills., which was
recently destroyed by fire. New engines, boilers, kilns
and a modern dryer will be installed.

The Hamburger Realty & Trust Co., Los Angeles, Cali.,
has gone into the brick business and will soon have a plant
to turn out brick. They will require 7,000,000 brick for
their own buildings. The plant is west of Schuetzen Park.
The brick will be hauled on an auto truck from the kilns
to the jobs.

A. C. Huggenberger, of Tallula, Ills., is looking after a
location for a drain tile plant, and has had under consid¬
eration Vandalia, Mo.

The Hastings (Nebr.) Pressed Brick Co. have resumed
operations and have ordered a new press so as to increase
the capacity. A. M. Baugh is the manager.

The plant of the Griffin (Ga.) Brick Co. has been in¬
stalled and is about ready to be started. 100,000 common
brick and 40,000 pressed brick are made daily.

T. H. Spencer and E. T. Simmons of Corning, Ark., have
completed arrangements for a brick works on the farm of
E. K. Williams, at Walter, Okla., 30,000 brick will be made
daily.

The LTnited States Portland Cement Co. has been incor¬
porated with $900,000 capital stock by J. M. Yost, Henry
Schwaller, and J. H. Ward of Hays City, Kansas, Ira E.
Lloyd, of Ellsworth and E. Haworth of Lawrence.

The Badger Portland Cement Co. has been organized
with $1,000,000 capital stock and will build a portland ce¬
ment plant near Sturgeon Bay, Wis., E. A. Edmunds, of
Rhinelander, is the president; John McNaughton, of Ap¬
pleton, vice-president ; C. G. Cannon, of Appleton, treas¬
urer, and C. C. Wayland, of Portage, secretary.

The Pacific Face Brick Co., Portland, Oregon, has been
incorporated with $150,000 capital stock and will take over
the Edwards Pressed Brick Works at Newberg, Oregon.
The officers are, Jesse Edwards, president; Andrew Ker¬
shaw, vice-president ; C. E. Fuller, treasurer, and O. K.
Edwards, manager.

Defy Competition

The Ideal Concrete Machine for the manufacture of Concrete
Building Blocks makes it possible to profitably undersell all
other building materials in all localities.

Ideal Blocks can be sold far below the cost of brick, lumber
or natural stone. Excell them all in durability and fire and
weather proof qualities. Adaptable to any possible architectual
design.

IDEAL

CONCRETE

MACHINERY

Wonderfully simple
in construction. No
chains, springs or
gears. Embody the
only principle (face
down) permitting the, practical
use of rich facing material with
less expensive material in back of
blocks. Adaptable to any size
block within capacity.

■gam

xmm

The same machine
makes blocks in
countless orna¬
mental designs and
natural stone
effects.

Write and learn
how easy, rapidly
and profitable one
man can turn out
Concrete Building
Blocks with an
Ideal machine.

Ideal Concrete
Machinery Co.
Dept. W

South Bend, Ind.

Mussens limited,
Montreal, Sole
Agents for Canada.

DIRECT HEAT

DRYERS

— FOR -

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

62=64 William St. NEW YORK CITY

Mississippi capitalists are figuring on starting a drain
tile plant at Helena, Arkansas.

The Rushville (Ind.) Brick Co. has been incorporated
with $25,000 capital stock by Fred Clevenger, J. E. Ogles¬
by, E. Price and J. H. Kiplinger.

The brick plant of the Sherbrooke Gas & Oil Co., Le-
Roy, Kansas, is being pushed to completion and Le Roy
will soon supply vitrified paving brick.

The Northern Pressed Brick Co., Crookston, Minn., are
installing a sand-mold soft mud brick outfit at their plant
beside erecting several additional kilns.

The Lindale (Texas) Brick Co. has been incorporated
with $400,000 capital stock. Incorporators are, Robert
Clark, Robert Clark, Jr., and Kelly Nowlin.

The American Brick & Tile Co., Mason City, Iowa, have
increased their * capital stock from $50,000 to $200,000 to
meet the demands of their new plant which is now in
course of construction.

The Clymer Brick & Tile Clay Co., Indiana, Pa., has
been incorporated with $80,000 capital stock. Incorpor¬
ators are, Robt. M. Wilson, J. S. Fisher, S. N. Langham,
Henry Hall, and E. F. Lenherd.

H. D. Hadley, of Terre Haute, Ind., proprietor of the
Northwest coal mine at Jasonville, Ind., is making ar¬
rangements to start a brick works near the mine, using the
shale taken out for vitrified brick, etc.

Daniel C. Lyle will establish a brick manufacturing
plant at East Point, Ga.

D. W. Radichel of Lake Crystal, Minn., has purchased
land of J. C. Chapman at Garden City and is erecting a tile
factory.

The Gladding-McBean Co., Lincoln, Cali., has pur¬
chased ten new tank cars to be used in shipping oil to run
their big plant.

Boardman & Tififney have purchased the Van Gundy
Brick Works at Provo, Utah, and will consolidate same
with their plant.

The Diamond Brick Co. of Black Diamond, Cali., has
been incorporated with $50,000 capital stock. C. A. Hoop¬
er, Sumner Crosby and W. E. Reed are stockholders.

Henry Lewis has purchased the Cahoon interest in the
Giant Clay Beds near Five-mile-pass which puts the con¬
trol of these beds in the' hands of Lehi, Utah, people.

The Lyth Tile Company, Buffalo, N. Y., has been incor¬
porated with $100,000 capital stock to manufacture sewer
pipe, etc. The company consists of Albert Lyth, Albert L.
Lyth and Byron L. Lyth. They take over and continue
the business of John Lyth & Sons. .

Warden McCloughry of the Federal prison at Leaven¬
worth, Kansas, says that it is strongly possible that one of
the bids for installing a paving brick plant at the federal
penitentiary will be accepted and that the prisoners will be
put to work making paving brick. F. E. Harris is super¬
intendent of construction.

The Ideal Brick Kiln

SHOULD DE

Cheap and durable and have a big daily capacity.

In order to save fuel it should be of the continuous type.

The heat from the already burned cooling bricks should
preferably be used to lighten the burning proper.

The different stages of the burning process should always
be easily observable. Such one is the

CHMELEWSKI PATENT KILN

Dr. HERMAN RABERGH

Sole Agent in the U. S, A. and Canada

24 Cottage Ave. ~ Fitchburg, Mass-

CLHY

RECORD.

FOR SALE

One 40 h.p. gasoline engine, one semi-automatic
side cut brick cutter, Wallace Mnfg. Co. make. One
disintegrator and dump table made by Horton Mnfg.
Co.; 75 good brick moulds, also trucks and wheel¬
barrows. 11 in good condition. Address

W. H. VANDER HAYDEN,

Ionia. Mich

BRICK AND TILE MACHINERY AT SACRIFICE

Where a country is tiled, factories are offered
complete, or in part. Cheap Have several Brewer
Mills for sale, and others.

Engines, Boilers, Crushers. Drying Pipes, etc. If
you wish to buy or sell write

Brick and Tile Machinery

Secor, Ill,

A GOOD LOCATION FOR PLANT

New Athens offers an exceptionally good location
for a large Dry Press brick yard. Only 28 miles
from East St. Louis, where the entire product can
be marketed. For particulars address,

BUSINESS MEN’S LEAGUE,
New Athens, Ill.

STEAM SHOVEL WANTED

A second-hand Steam Shovel, small or medium
capacity, in good condition, is wanted by

STRAIGHT BROS. CO.

Fonda, Iowa

BRICK YARD FOR SALE

Good clay, good down draft Kilns; plenty of water;
good local demand; good shipping facilities. Address:
STATE BANK OF HAMILTON,

Hamilton, Illinois.

FOR SALE

Modern Soft Mud Plant, city 12,000, good business,
good prices, abundance of clay and sand. Address,

Wm. M. REED,

Princeton; Ind.

FOR SALE CHEAP

Two American Clay Machinery Company’s No. 23
combined brick machines, with repair parts sufficient
to make machine first-class. Capacity 7500 to 10000
per hour. Greatest bargain Write for particulars.

GREAT EASTERN CLAY CO.

39 Cortland St., New York.

FOR SALE

One Chambers pug mill, practically new, sufficiently
large for any output. A first class machine in every
respect. Address

ALONZO CURTIS BRICK CO.,

Grant Park, Ills.

MACHINERY FOR SALE

The following machinery not used by us but all
in good condition, will be sold at very reasonable
prices.

One Penfield Single Mould Power Re-Press, capa¬
city 10,000 a day.

Two Fate Company Bensing Automatic Side cut¬
ting tables. American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave., New York.

FOR SALE

One Freese Combination Brick Machine, capacity
20.000 to 30,000 per day. Hand cutting table and
winding drum. Excellent condition and only run
four months. Good reason for selling.

Address S, Care CLAY RECORD, Chicago Ill

FOR SALE

One Second hand Four Mould Dry Press, in good
order. One of the best presses on the’ market.
Answer quick if you want it.

Address G. care Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Two complete sets brick making machinery, in
eluding Chambers brick machines, elevators, clay
rolls, granulators, hoists, etc.

ILLINOIS BRICK CO.,

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

For Sale — 75 Acres; 60 feet of Shale.

10 feet of Fire Clay, 3 feet of Coal developed.
Excellent conditions Railroad track.

Price, $15,000. Address.

NEW CENTRAL COAL CO.

Terre Haute, Ind.

ENGINES AND BOILERS

Corlis engines, 20x48, 18x36, 16x42, 12x36. Also 40
other sizes and styles in stock.

Boilers, Tubular, 84x18, 78x16, 72x18. Also 60 other
styles and sizes in stock.

Send specifications of your requirements and we
will make you a proposition that will interest you.

THE RANDLE MACHINERY CO.

1732 Powers St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

A COMPLETE BRICK-MAKING OUTFIT
FOR SALE CHEAP

We are consolidating our paving brick plants. This
throws out of use.

One Center Crank, 100 horse power Engine.

Two Boilers, 50 horse power each.

One Feed Pump.

One eight foot Frost Dry Pan, wood frame,

One Elevator. One Pug Mill.

One Augur Machine, 50,000 capacity.

One Freese Automatic Cutter.

Shafiing, Pulleys and Belting. All in good working
order and valued at over $5000. Will sell same cheap.
Immediately delivery

STREATOR PAVING BRICK CO.

Streator, Illinois

FOR SALE.

Right and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE— CHEAP— New and re-laying rails, 12,

16, 20 and 25 pound. For prices, address

ATLAS CAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio. !

BRIGHT YOUNG MEN WANTED

Can make a profit of $175
to $2Q0 per month without
investing any money.

Address: H. A. LINAWEAVER
552 Wabash Avenue
CHICAGO

FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE

45 ton, yard Vulcan Steam Shovel in first class
condition. Price $3500.

One No. 2 Giant Brick Machine, made by the
American Clay Machinery Co.

One large sized Granulator.

One set ot Large Sized Rolls.

Fifty double deck Brick Cars.

Large quantity of rails and steam pipe.

STEGER BRICK CO.

Suite 306. 145 La Salle St., Chicago, Ill.

Paper Joggers quoted.

R A. HART. 41 White St.,

No bettor made, cut from
$8 and $10, to

4 Wheel, $3.00

5 Wheel, $3.25

Guaranteed.
Sold by all dealer*

BATTLE CREEK, MLU

MEN WANTED

.Six men experienced in Hollow block manufac¬
turing, highest wages; no labor trouble. Apply to
605 Diamond Bank Building I Ohio Clay Products Co
Pittsburg, Pa. | Salineville, Ohio.

FOR SALE OR TRADE.

Two Brick and Tile Plants in Iowa aud Illinois,
now running. Address,

THE KILN DOCTOR,

514 Fourth Street, Dayton. Ohio.

FOR SALE

A good Road Machinery Co.’s make, No. 4 Cham¬
pion Crusher, in perfect condition; very little used;
no reasonable offer refused.

OHIO CLAY PRODUCTS CO.

605 Diamond Bank Bldg. ,

Pittsburg, Pa.

Good Opportuniiest

Pressed Brick

Hope, Arkansas now has four rail¬
roads wfch two others making surveys,
everything moving steadily upward. Fine
climate, water, churches and schools; 4,000
inhabitants, etc.

lst-F'ineclay on I.M.& S. Ry., abundant and
cheap, one mile from corporation; will make
finest of pressed brick, and I have samples
of brick to show you now. Two parties (one
of experience will invest a few thousand
dollars and manage the plant if agreeable;
he lately made the samples referred to. 1
More capital is wanted to establish a $25,000
plant. Good market and good price.

Z 2nd — Good white fire clay about three
miles from railroad.

3rd — Tiling, flower pot, hanging baskets
and all such clays to be had five miles from
Hope, at low figures, but the pressed brick
plant is the thing now.

4th — Good chance for one with experience
and capital to establish a cement building
block plant and do this line of work, as well
as general cement work, here and at many
points around Hope.

5th. — We have asphaltum and other oil
and gas indications near Hope; come and I
will show you something and give you leases
free to test.

6th. — Many chances here to make money
in town property; also in fruit, truck ,and
general farm lands. Come and investigate.
See Bradstreet and Dun. Write our Banks
as to myself. Address A. P. DYKE, Hope,
Ark.

PARTNER WANTED

A good, reliable man of experience, with some
capital to invest in and take charge of a new Dry
Press Brick Plant. Plenty of shale, and good mar¬
ket for all the brick. Address

DENIS, care Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

We offer for sale at a sacrifice the fol¬
lowing BOYD Presses:

One 3 Hold Standard 1891 Pattern
Two 4 nold Standard 1897 Pattern
All in good condition. Inspection in¬
vited. Immediate shipment.

Harrison= Walker Refactories Co.,
Farmers Bank Building,

Pittsburgh, Pa.

STONE. MARINO
MONEY MAKING

By the PETTYJOHN System
More Pettyjohn Concrete
Block Machines in use than
any other — there’s a reason.

Machines from $35 to $276.

Guaranteed in every way and
shipped on trial anywhere.

Let us tell you how to start a
Stone-Making- Money- Mak¬
ing factory in YOUR town.

Our catalog of concrete facts
is free.

The Pettyjohn Company

622 N. 6th St.. - TERRE HAUTE, IND.

THE WONDER OF THE AGE

Grateless Furnace
Kiln

For Up-Draft Clamp
Kilns and Down-Draft
Kilns remodeled; also
plans for new Kilns
furnished. Yard rights
for sale.

Write for particulars to

F. E. SWIFT

514 West Fourth St.
Dayton, Ohio.

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902

s A G 1 1ST A'W" , MICH.

Improved Koinnick Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

rj~i -p-i

CLAY WORKER’S HAND-BOOK

A Manual for all Engaged in the
rianufacture of Articles from Clay

JUST OUT : : PRICE $2.00

NOW READY— A TREATISE ON '

PRODUCER-GAS and j
GAS-PRODUCERS \

BY AN ACKNOWLEDGED AUTHORITY.

A 300-page book containing thirty chapters, giving the fundamental 5
principles and definitions, calculations, classifications, manufacture and
use; the fuel, the requirements, the history, its by-products, 1‘roducer-
Gas for firing kilns, steam boilers, and power plants. The \
future of the Gas-producer and a bibliography.

OVER 100 CHOICE ILLUSTRATION'S — PRICE, $4.00.

A subscription to the CLAY RECORD for one year without additional ■
charge to those that are not now subscribers. a

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO, ILL.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co,

Marion, Ind.

Main Yard and Office Branch Yard Banister River,

South Boston, Va. Branch N. 4 W. Ry.

; BOSTON "BRICK COMPANY
Manufacturers of Plain and Fancy
B ric%. Cement Brick and Blocks
H. W. Cosby, Superintendent and General Manager.

South Boston, Va., January 19. 1907.
Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co.,

Marion, Ind.

Gentlemen: —

Yours truly,

Signed.byH. W. Cosby, Supt. and Gen. Mgr. BOSTON BRICK CO.

FOR SALE

A Fine Opportunity

The Tiffin Wagon Company, * ~ Tiffin, Ohio

CLHY RECORD.

TO SOFT MOD BRICK MAKERS

We have in the AMERICAN PRESSED STEEL PALLET the best pallet ever made. It has features
possessed by no other pallet, and is the strongest and longest-lived.

Let us send you a circular explaining why our pallet is what we claim for it. We’ll send a sample pallet
too, if you want it.

Steel pallets need no repairs. That would save a good many dollars in a year. Write us to-day and give
us a chance to prove what we say.

THE AMERICAN PULLEY CO., 29th and Bristol Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

MAKERS OF “ AMERICAN ” WROUGHT STEEL PULLEYS.

WHY

MAKE

YOUR OWN

BRICK CUTTING WIRES

When You Can Buy Ready Hade Cheaper?

SEND FOB SAMPLES AND PRICES.

GEORGE S. COX, East Liverpool, Ohio.

MANGANESE

FOR ALL USES.

Lump.GR^^Rouhd

60-70^ 70-Q0% &0-90% OXIDE.

Clay Workers ‘Goods a .Specialty

SAMPLES and PRICES on INQUIRY.

KENDALL & FLICK

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventative for scum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

Pearl*8tr««t NEW YORK

WEBSTER’S ♦

INTERNATIONAL

DICTIONARY,

NEEDED in every HOME,
SCHOOL and OFFICE.

Reliable, Useful, Attractive, Lasting, Up
to Date and Authoritative. 2380 Pages,
5000 Illustrations. Recently added 26,000
New Words, New Gazetteer and New Bio¬
graphical Dictionary. Editor W. T. Harris,
Ph.D., LL.D., United States Com. of Ed’n.
Highest Awards at St. Louis and Portland.

Write for “The Story of a Book”— Free.
G. & C. MERRIAM CO., Springfield, Mass.
GET THE BEST.

Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. Largest of
our abridgments. Regular and Thin Paper
editions. Unsurpassed for elegance and con¬
venience. 1116 pages and 1400 illustrations.

Clay Record

Is semi-monthly
It Costs

One Doll ar

A Year

G. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

CLRV RECORD.

^ kA AAAA .

Something

New In Brick Kilns and Dryers >

The Dennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of advantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April 14,
1903 and Septembers. 1903
Brick plants installed and
put in operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water St., Norfolk, Va

►

i'V V V V V V

Va. a

Absolutely safe and reliable.

Ask your friends

A WOODEN TOWER

Is a source of annoyance and danger. It is
liable to rot and collapse at any time. A

CALDWELL STEEL TOWER

is safe, staunch and durable and will carry
four times the weight of the filled tank.
Expensive labor is not necessary to erect
these outfits, your own men can do it. We
furnish all plans.

Send for illustrated catalogue and price list.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.,

I ouisville, Ky.

FIRE! FIRE!
EXTINGUISHERS

For all Purposes

“Utica” No. 2 for Homes

“ No. 3 “ Factories

“ No. 4 “ Fire Departments

“ No. 7 “ Launches

“ No. 8 “ Steamships

“CHILDS” for Insurance requirements.
Approved, Tested and Labeled by the
Underwriters’ Laboratories

O. J. CHILDS COMPANY

UTICA

Sole Manufacturers

N. Y.

PATENTED JiN. 28. 1902.

THE ARNOLD-GREAGER CO.

Manufacturer* ot Brick Machinery
and Supeliea of kll Kind*.

NEW LONDON, OHIO.

PERFECTION BRICK MOULDS i

These are th6
kiud of Brick
Muuldstb.e Brick
Makers have al»
ways wanted but
could not get till
now. you can
get a mould that
the vents are
right all the time
No change
whether the
Mould is • at or
dry. Try a sam¬
ple order. Satis¬
faction guaran¬
teed.

TWO PAPERS FOR THE PRICE OF ONE

rT''HE CONCRETE AGE is the leading paper of its class in
J[ this country — 64 large pages profusely illustrated. Shows
pictures and floor plans; cost, etc., of all kinds of build¬
ings of concrete construction. Ably edited. Invaluable to
every architect and builder. The price is $.1< 0 per vear.

THE SOUTHERN ARCHITECT is an ideal papef in its field.
Shows views, plans, cost, etc.,- of the better class of buildings
being erected in the south. Price is $ .00 per year. Every
issue is worth price of year’s subscription.

BOTH PATERS FOK. $1.00

For a limited time only we will send both papers one year for
$1 .00. Send us $1.00, check, stamps, money order, or currency,
and both papers, The Concrete Age and The Southern
Architect, will come to you twelve months. Subscribe today.

MfBOX 846
ATLANTA, GA.

THE SOUTHERN ARCHITECT

.A.A.A VC A JL. J%r

C L

►

4
4
4
<
<
i
<
<
<

Their Occurence, Properties and

With special reference to those of the
United States, by Heinrich, Ries Ph. D.
8 Vol. 490 pages, 65 figures, 44 plates

PRICE $5.00 NET

Clay Record Publishing

Chicago, Illinois

Uses

►

l y lyp: yyyy t

Co., >

«*

II
k

■

Brick Moulds and
Brick Barrows

With Moulds and Barrows it is not the first
cost, but it is, will they last? We have made
them for over 30 years and know your wants.

All kinds and shapes. A trial order will con¬
vince.

„ > *

James B, Crowe!! & Son,

Wallkill, N. Y.

JUL DEAVITT,

PRACTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMIST,
Garden City Block,

CHICAGO.

Analyses of Clay, Sand, Lime, Cement Materials and
Shales a specialty.

Special attention given to the preparation of Clay Pro¬
ducts from the raw material.

A well equipped laboratory and long experience in this
branch of work enables us to give expert reports on obtaining
glazes on refractory materials.

All enquiries in regard to the above will reoeive prompt
attention.

“New Era”

Gasoline Engines

and GAS PRODUCERS

If you want a perfect built, and successful running Gas
Engine, order the New Era, which has our Patented Water
Jacketed Solid Cylinder Head, requiring no Packing. We
use a i'trap Style Connecting Rod, which never breaks, Aux=
iliaryand Rr gular Exhaust, Make and Break l lectric Igniter.
We have more good points in the construction of the New Hra
than anv other Gas Engine built. Sizes from I yz to 15 ■ Horse
Power

For Catalogue and further information, write to

THE NEW ERA GAS ENGINE CO ■ 95^ DAli! AVE°

_ _ _ _ _ ___ _ i

JEFFREY CONVEYORS

SAVE

TIME— LABOR— MONEY

No Yard is complete without our Barney Brick Converor System
SEND FOR CATALOGUE No. 75

jiDDRESS

The Jeffrey Manufacturing
Company

Columbus ... Ohio, U. S. A.

New York — Chicago — Boston — St. Louis — Denver

Grinds Pans— Dry and Wet |

Tell us the kind of material and capacity you
have and we will quote you accordingly.

We make CRUSHERS also.

4 PHILLIPS & McLaren - - Pittsburg, Pa.

$ BORTON & TIERNEY CO., Philadelphia, Pa.

L EASTERN SALES, AGENTS

VW V wv ww V V V V w wv^

HICKS CLAY CO.

MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF

Best grade clays which can be manufactured into
anything known to the clay trade.

We have an inexhaustible supply covering 230
acres and 70 feet deep. Unexcelled facilities for prompt
shipments and can load any amount at any time.

All clays 75 cents per ton f. o. b for this year only.

We also offer special inducements for parties desiring
to locate and will entertain any legitimate proposition
even to furnishing one-half of the capital for any sized
plant.

We are located advantageously at junction point of
the Chicago & Alton R. R. and also on the C. B. & Q.,
70 miles north of St. Louis, Mo.

Samples and analysis of all clays sent free upon
request. Correspondence solicited.

H. C. WORCESTER, Secy. CHAS. T. HICKS, Pres.

ROODHOUSE, ILL. DRAKE, ILL.

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

A well-tried and
proven Success.

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES. IOWA

STYLE

No.

Write Us

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,
Rigid. ' (Patented)

ALL STYLES

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

TTIL.ES, OHIO

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

Price Right,

CLKY RECORD,

(Arthur Koppel Company

1760 J

Steel Double Side Dump Cars of
Every Description

Complete Installation of
Industrial and Portable

RAILROADS

Immediate Delivery

Of Portable Track, Steel Dump Cars,
Switches, Frogs, Turntables, Rails,
Dryer Cars, Transfer Cars etc.

Write for Catalog No. 48

ARTHUR

COMPANY

Works at

66=68 Broad St., New York 1639 Monadnock Block, Chicago
53 Oliver Street, Boston Machesney Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.

Chronicle Bldg., San Francisco

V^ress, HON*;!' ~

6aker CountV ^

Trade-Mark.

THE TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR CO.

1856 - CUYAHOGA FALLS, OHIO, U. S. A. - =1907

{

COMBINATION MILLS

Twice the capacity of a wet pan and at
less horse power.

SAVE THE UNNECESSARY HANDLING

NO DRY PAN GRINDING. No DUST
El EVATOR. NO EXPENSIVE STOR=
AGE BINS. NO DUsT SHUTES.

Take the short, high grade road

FROM INVESTMENT To SUCCESS.

Purchase “Vaughn’s” modern machinery
and insure against loss or delay.

PATENTED

NINE FOOT COMBINATION MILL

SEWER PIPE AND TILE PRESSES, NOZ=
ZLE, SLEEVE AND RUNNER BRICK
MACHINES. DRY AND WET PANS,
PIPE, TILE, CONDUIT AND OTHER DIES.

THE PARENT OF RAPID GRINDING AND TEMPERING. REVOLVING
PAN AND RECIPROCATING WHEELS

ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON COMPLETE
EQUIPMENT.

Sand Lime Brick Machinery

FURNISHED BY

THE SEMISTEEL COMPANY

CLEVELAND ... OHIO

Write for Further Information

IT PAYS HANDSOMELY

SAND-LIME BRICK MACHINERY

Furnished and Installed by the

International Sand=Lime Brick Machinery Co.

(Incorporated under the laws of the State of New York)

Under the Safest and Strongest Guarantees.

Inventors and Owners of the “Division Method” (patented in
the United States and all Foreign Countries)

Write for information to the

International Sand-Lime Brick & Machinery Co.

156 Liberty Street
NEW YORK

CLKY RECORD.

HANDLE TOUR CLA7
WITH ONE MAN AND

The Thew Steam Shovels

Type No. 3 Shovel— GeorgejGynn Brickyard, Cleveland, Ohio.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Especially adapted for brickyard require
ments. The shovel operates in a complete
circle, enabling material to be delivered at side ;
or in rear at will. The Dipper is hung from a
horizontally moving carriage and can be adiust
ed to cut to any desired level.

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per da}^.

“Be sure you are right, then go ahead,**

G. E. Luce Engineering Co.

(G E. LUCE, Practical Mechanical Engineer)

Sixth Floor, Plymouth Bldg., 303 Dearborn St.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Designer and Constructor for all

Kinds of Clay=Working Plants

B uilding, paving and pressed brick, tile, hollow block and fire-proofing plants
plan and specifications prepared.

Designed and reconstructed several of the largest plants in this country.

Years of experience in this particular field, and formerly engineer in charge
of construction for the Illinois Brick Co. of Chicago.

Machinery, drying and burning troubles corrected.

Examination of properties, clays tested, and advise as to the possibilities of
success of either old or new plants.

CLKY RECORD

Note the Strength, Note the Convenience, Note the Capacity

IF YOU WANT QUALITY— A FULL VALUE FOR THE MONEY—

YOU HAVE IT HERE

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY COMPANY - - -

No. 64 Nine Foot Pan

New Design— Nothing Like It

BUCYRUS. OHIO
U. S. A,

CLKV RECORD

DRY PRESS BRIGK

MACHINERY

American Clay Machinery Co.

BUCYRUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

All joints carefully fitted. All gearing heavy
and strong. Side frames massive. Adjustable
mold feed and pressure. Long dwelling pres¬
sure. Smooth, dense, perfect brick.

We build Stiff, Soft Mud and Sand-Lime
Brick Machinery, all kinds of Dryers and their
equipment. We build all our own Dryers
and can guarantee them.

STIFF MUD BRICK MACHINERY

We build other machines, larger and smaller capacity, same
quality. We build everything needed to make clay products.
Also Dryers that we can guarantee. Write for catalog.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

CLAY RECORD.

Your Choice of Cutters ©

Your Choice of Movements

No. 62 HAND-POWER ROTARY BRICK CUTTER

THE AMERICAN CLAY UACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

w E BUILD the most dependable line of
sand-lime brick machinery on the
market including every tool appliance
or machine required in a modern
sand-lime brick-plant. Our cata¬
logue of this line of machinery
is yours for the asking. It
tells of the quality of each-
machine and quality of
machinery is the key¬
stone of success in
the manufacture
of sand-lime
brick.

We also
build a full
line of machinery
and appliances for
making clay products
by all processes. Write
concerning your needs.

The American
Clay Machinery
Company

WILLOUGHBY, OHIO, XT. S. -A.

LOCATIONS

FOR POTTERIES, BRICK AND |

TILE PLANTS

The very finest deposits of Kaolin, Fire and other Clays in
great abundance along the

♦

LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE RAILROAD

In the States of KENTUCKY. TENNESSEE, ALA-
. BAMA, GEORGIA, MISSISSIPPI, and FLORIDA.*
Cheap Fuel. Good Markets. Unexcelled Transporta¬
tion Facilities. For further particulars, address

G. A. PARK,

General Immigration and Industrial Agent

LOUISVILLE,

KY.

♦

;

♦

^University of Ifllmois

Colleges and Schools of Literature and
Arts, Science, Engineering, Agriculture,
Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy,
Library Science and Education.

DEPARTMENT OF CLAY WORKING AND CERAMICS

ESTABLISHED IN 1905J

Offers opportunities to students wishing technical
instruction which will help them to overcome the dif¬
ficulties confronting the manufacturer of clay products.

Free scholarships arejopen to regular students from
Illinois. Laboratory expenses reasonable.

For further information address the Registrar,
W. L. Pillsbury, or the Director,

Professor C. W. ROLFE,

Urbana, Illinois.

SYSTEM

The "SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”

offers you the opportunity of
entering into the manufacture
of the coming building ma¬
terial

This brick is strong and
durable. It can be manufac¬
tured in less time and at a
lower cost than any other
brick on the market.

OUR SCIENTIFIC

SYSTEM

will enable you to manufac¬
ture SAND LIME BRICK of the

very highest quality in less
than 24 HOURS.

The "SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”

is the only system which

We are ENGINEERS and
CONTRACTORS to the SAND
LIME BRICK INDUSTRY land
will erect and equip your
plant with the machinery of
the SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM” and
start you on the road to suc¬
cess.

Write us tor particulars and we can
undoubtedly reter you to a plant
equipped by us and situated
in your vicinity

StND FOR CATALOG No'. 18

BfiJGK

mimSLSYilLDS

mV YWfK

••••NHINHHNHttHNMt

GLHY RECORD.

SATISFACTION

Is the only code word we can use for our WASTE HEAT DRYER.

GET CATALOGUE No. 56 S

NEW YORK BLOWER CO. 25th FI. and Stewart Ave. Chicago

BOOKS YOU NEED IN YOUR BUSINESS

The Repair and flaintenance of Machinery

By Thomas W. Barber, C. E. A hand book of practical
notes and memoranda for engineers and machinery users,

166 pages— 417 lllnstrations— a vo., cloth . $3.50

How to Run Engines and Boilers

By Egbert Pomeroy Watson. A practical instruction for
young engineers and steam users. 125 pages — illustrated —

lti mo., cloth . $1.00

A Handbook of Engineering Laboratory Practice

By Richard Addison Smart, M. E. This book £3 a manual
for the use of students in experimental work, strength of
materials and hydraulics. It is also to guide engineers in

active service. 290 pages— 12 mo., cloth . $2.50

Calcareous Cements

By G. R. Redgrave, C E. Their nature properties, and use.

Tha composition and process of making Portland and other
cements, analysis and cost . $3.50

American Cements

Bo Uriah Cummings. A treatise on the nature and prop¬
erties of natural and artificial hydraulic cements. 299
pages— Illustrated— 16 mo., cloth . $3.00

Notes on Concrete and Works in Concrete

Portland Cement

By B. D. Butler. Asso. M. Inst. C. E. A complete treatise
on the manufacture, testing and use of Portland cement.
Contains 360 pages, 85 illustrations, 8 vo., cloth bound, price $6.00

Architects’ and Engineers’ Hand Book of Reinforced
Concrete Construction

This book describes and explains thoroughly the various
forms of modern concrete construction. 1 72 illustrations,

218 pages. Price . . . $2.00

The Blasting of Rock

In mines, quarries or tunnels. A. W. & Z W. Daw. A com¬
plete book giving weight of blast, how, when and where to
make it. 270 pages— 8 vo., cloth . . $6.00

Steam Boilers

By James Peattie. Their management and workings on

land and sea — very complete. 230 pages — 12 mo , cloth . $2.00

The Pottery aud Porcelain of the United States

Ay Edward Lee Barber, A. M., Ph. D. 290 illustrations

Octavo., gilt top . $3.50

The Story of the Potter

By Charles F. Binns A ponular account of the pottery and

porcelain industry. 25U pages — Illustrated — 16 mo . 7 6

Architectural Pottery

Translated from the French. Bricbs, tiles, pipes, enamelled
terra cotta, stoneware, mosaics, faiences, and architectural
stoneware. In two parts. 8 vo., 496 illustrations. Price . $7.50

Notes on Pottery Clay

The distribution, properties, uses and analysis of ball clays,
china clays, and china stone. Crown— 8 vo., 132 pages, price. $1.50

Chemistry of Pottery

By Simeon Shaw. The chemistry of the Several natural
and artificial heterogeneous compounds used in the manu¬
facturing of porcelain, glass and pottery. 750 pages, price .$5.00

Engineering, Practice and Theory

By vv. H. Wakeman. 184 pages— 5x7^4 inches. Price . $1.00

Siilco°Calcareous Sandstones (Sand Lime Brick)

By Ernst Stoffler. Treats on the formation of artificial brick
made from a mixture of lime and sand under the influence
of moisture. Raw materials, methods, manufacture.

Shows outline drawing of factories, elevations to detail. ^

Ground plans and Sectional Elevations, .price .

Brick, Tiles and Terra Cotta

261 engravings — 8 vo., cloth . . . $10.00

Transactions of the American Ceramic Society

Containing the papers and discussions of the society. The
most complete information published. 5 vols. Price, each. $4.00

Manual of Ceramic Calculations

Th's book was compiled with great care and most com¬
plete. Price . $1.00

.$1.00

Will be sent postpaid on receipt of pricec

ORDERsSo CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING C0MPANY,fe303 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO, U. S. A.

ft— tMHWHMHfH

CLAY RECOFtu.

A Letter Which Will Interest Brick Makers

Illinois Brick Company

GEO. C. PRUSSING. President

A J WECKLER, VICE-PRESIDENT
C D. B. HOWELL, TREASURER
WM. SCHLAKE, Purchaser
C. B. VER NOOY, Auditor

W. M. LEGNARD, Superintendent

NINTH FLOOR, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
PHON E MAIN 17

J H GC?AV, Sales Department

The Barron Dryer Co.,

Chicago. Jan. 4, 1907.

84 La Salle St., Chicago.

Gentlemen :

It may be of interest to you to know that we havs made on our
Yard 17, in 1906, 52,551,400 brick, in 2,083 1-2 working hours, and
have dried them satisfactorily on your 18 track dryer.

Very truly yours,

ILLINOIS BRICK COMPANY.

Barron Tender Clay Dryer, Which DOES THE WORK

We construct and install "Dryers adapted to drying all clay
products With greatest perfection and economy in fuel and labor

BARRON DRYER CO., 84 La Salle St., CHICAGO, ILL.

CLKY RECORD.

™ MARTIN

STOCK BRICK

MACHINE

STILE

SAND GRINDERS, GRANULATORS, ETC.

REMEMBER We Equip Brick Plants Complete

FIRST-;CLA!SS

THROUGHOUT

BUILT FOR
STRENGTH
DURABILITY
AND LARGE
OUT-PUT
OF WORK

THE

ALL

IRON

AND

STEEL

STEAM

POWER

BRICK

[ MACHINE

STYLE

P”

YARD SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS

The “MARTIN” Machinery over
Don’t Forget that we Take Pleas¬
ure in Answering Inquiries as to
the Betterment of Brick Plants.
Let us Know Your Needs.

WHEN

LOOKING

DON’T PUT IT OFF

WR|TE WM j •

TOOA» Martin

DB5'aTR Lancaster

PENNA.
U.S. A.

CAN

MAKE

PROMPT

SHIPMENT

I 1*0^ pqtfHoy ptfl* 0>wpj k

CLHY RECORD.

THE MARTIN RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK

“DRYER SYSTEM

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699S09
October 10, 1905. No. 95520
November 14, 1905, No. 804489

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFG. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

HcJOKQclOSW Qizjn<|t>tQ {tiOMiop

MONARCH STOCK BRICK MACHINE
Capacity,, from 80.000 t« ft(XOOO

THE QUAKER

Horse or Steam Power. Capacity, 20.00 to 30j00ft

"we

Fulfill

our

Guarantees.”

mgs m ttj^ machine, with automatic table

We have a full line of Clay-Working Machinery, sand mold brick machines, auger brick and tile machines.
Automatic side and end cut tables, dies, molds, barrows, trucks, sanders, represses, pug mills. The only down cut,
reel side > rick cutter on the market for cutting face brick that do not require repressing. We can guarantee to make
you a better face brick with this cutter than you can get from any other cutter on the market.

B. E. LaDOW, - - Fredonia. Kansas.

CLHY RECORD.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR -MOLD “ SPECIAL”

BOmBRXCK PRESS

fpsciAi:’

CRISRBLM BOYI') <S.lf SUTE CO

one a#®

s V

Its Record: More Boyd Presses in actual operation than of all other Press Brick Machines
combined. Write for Catalogue.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.,

OFFICE AND WORKS: 5 7th and WALLACE STREETS

Chicago,

Illinois

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR - MOLD “ACME”

IT’S NAME A GUARANTEE. The Fol k-Mold Press above illustrated is our latest improved
machine of this design. Over ONE HUNDRED now in use. Especially adapted for working shales.

A BUSINESS PROPOSITION

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.

OFFICE AND WORKS: 5 7th and WALLACE STREETS

Chicago, Illinois

SAND-LIME, BRICK

MACHINERY

‘BOYD QUALIFY

MODERN METHODS £ A A NO EXPERIMENTING

Sand-Lime Brick Plants designed and
complete machinery equipment furnished,
installed and set in operation. Machinery
and product guaranteed.

Correspondence solicited.

CHISHOLM. BOYD & WHITE COMPAHY

OFFICE AND WORKS, 57th AND WALLACE STREETS

CHICAGO

ILLINOIS

CLHY RECORD.

THe WHite BricK Press

FOR MAKING

SAND-LIME BRICK

CURES ALL- PRESS TROUBLES. The only Press specially
designed for this work and the only Press having Hinged Mold Table
and Removable Mold. Our special Press Catalogue tells all about it.

Full Outfits for Sand-Lime Brick Plants. Latest designs in Grinders,
Mixers and Dryers. Plants installed complete under fullest possible guar¬
antees, subject to acceptance after first 100,000 brick are made.

Send for Illustrated "Booklet

American Sand=Lime Brick Company

Great Northern Building , Chicago

CLKY RECORD.

The BERG for the highest grade
of pressed brick of shale or
clay. It makes all kinds of
shapes and sizes of brick.
Changes from one shape to
another can be made in
less than an hour’s time.

The BERG MAKES the highest
grade of fire brick. Can
make all kinds of shapes
desired for fire-brick
purposes.

Three distinct
pressures make
the brick evenly
pressed all
through. No
granulated cen¬
ters of the brick.

First-Class Workman¬
ship. Cut Gearing. Fully
Warranted.

The BERG makes the
best sand-lime brick and
cheapest because it is the
strongest machine and
gives the highest pres¬
sure. Thirty -five sand-
lime plants in United
States use the BERG

The BERG is
the best for sand
and cement be-
cause of its
strong pressure.
Uses less ce-

BERG BRICK PRESS

The highest development of the
Art of Brickmaking Machinery
so pronounced by the United
States Government.

Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY.

The 1905 Berg Press

For prices and full particulars, address

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO, ONT., CANADA

ment, makes cheaper brick.

For Making all Kinds of Brick-

Dry Pressed, Wire Cut,
Sand Moulded

Full
Fine of
BricRyard
Specialties
and

Supplies

Chicago Brick Machinery Co. I

1308 Great Northern Bldg. I

1 M MH— — B— — 1 — 1 — Mg

New White Press New Model Berg Press

In addition to our well known BERG PRESS, we are now
bringing out our new WHITE PRESS for day •brick work. It is
especially recommended for difficult and refractory clay. By far
the most powerful press built. Removable molds, changed in SEVEN
minutes . Special catalogue and full particulars on application.

Something New for 1907

3 Rocking and Dumping Grates
tor Kilns. Save coal, save labor,
and do away with checked brick.
Send for “Lecture on Combus¬
tion,” by His Satanic Majesty.

U. S. SELF CLEANING GRATE
In position ready for use. Part of frame cut away to show connection below.

Patented

. . . . . . -—■■■■Ill n |

Auger Machine Combination Machine

UP-TO-DATE MACHINERY

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross=Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

ROSS-KELLE

OFFICES FULLERTONII

The strongest and most efficient Brick

Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

WILDING, . ST. LOUIS, MO.

CLHY RECORD.

Did you ever

inquire

into the

merits of the

Scott

Noiseless

Plant?

THe Andrus Four Mold BricK Press

“THE PRESS THAT SCOTT BUILDS ”

Over ioo in use throughout
the United States and Can¬
ada. 21 of them right here
in the St. Louis District.

7 of them
on one plant

SCOTT MANUFACTURING CO.

602 Commonwealth Trust Building :: St. Louis, Mo.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery

Company

Sizes

29"

56"

42"

50"

Fitted

with

Adjustable

Pins

THE FERNHOLTZ CLAY PULVERIZER

If you want
to make all
FACE BRICK
you need] [it.

Makes Your
Brick
Uniform

A GOOD MIXER IS ALWAYS APPRECIATED

27ze Fernholtz Brick Machinery Company,

Boyle Avc. and Old Manchester Road, St. Louis, Mo.

( PATENTED )
FlQ.r.

THE ONLY MACHINE MAKING BRICK WITHOUT GRANULATED CENTERS.

We Design and Equip Dry Press Brick Plants Complete
WRITE TO-DAY FOR PARTICULARS, & & & SEND US A SAMPLE OF YOUR CLAY.

ADDRESS

THE RELIANCE MACHINE AND TOOL WORKS

I ST. LOUIS, MO.

* “ ^ 1 iiiinm DRY

RELIANCE

PRESS

NO TOGGLES,
POWERFUL,
SIMPLE,
STRONG,
DURABLE,
EFFICIENT,

RELIANCE
■DRY PRESS

CLAY RECORD.

ARE YOU INTERESTED IN A CUTTER
THAT WILL DOURLE YOUR
PROFITS FOR 1907?

The Hix “Happy Thought” Automatic Cutter will do it. This
Cutter is without an equal as it does what others can not do.
Will cut end or side cut brick. Hollow blocks or conduits any
length or size desired. The capacity is unlimited. No clay
wasted, every brick a perfect one, no complicated machinery to
get out of order and give annoyance.

It Will Pay You to Write Us for "Particulars

THE HIX “HAPPY THOUGHT” AUTOMATIC SIDE CUT BRICK CUTTER.

The Wallace Manufacturing Company

FRANKFORT, IND., U. S. A.

Upright Drain Tile Machines

HPHE No. 9A which was always a leader among medium size
A Drain Tile Machines has gone through complete reconstruction
and the New Model stands alone without a competitor as a Modern
High Grade Pattern.

THE BREWER NO. 9B

Is built with one-piece gear frame and one-piece upright cylinder, machined together.
Knives forged from hard, high-carbon steel; each one independently adjustable for pitch.
Marine pattern up-thrust. White iron augers and casings. Self oiling bearings. Heavier
gears and shafts. Weight 1000 pounds more than the No. gA

If you do not know all about Brewer Tile Machines it will pay you to look them up.
Cores of the tile dies held without bridge or bracket.

H. BREWER & CO -

TEGUMSEH

MICHIGAN

We build these Machines in five sizes. Capacities to 10,000
brick per hour.

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do first-class
work and are convenient, economical and durable. This can be
verified by investigation.

We also build Brick Machines with separate Pug Mill.

Don't forget our Automatic Cutters. They give satis¬
faction.

State your requirements and let us furnish particulars.

f —

h E. M. FREESE & CO.

A GALION - OHIO

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & GO., Indianapolis, Ind.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

THE 3POTTS

HORIZONTAL BRICK MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

CLHY RECORD, ”

BRICK DRYERS

i !

The largest and best. The drying done
upon an entirely new principle. Brick
made today. Set in Kiln tomorrow.
Thoroughly dry. Will dry the most
tender clay with no loss from cracking.

It has No cars

No transfer cars

No rail

No ties

No fans

No extra engine

No high or expensive stack

The best dryer on the market. Manu¬
factured by

C. & A. POTTS & CO.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

■M

CLHY RECORD.

Machinery eor Building Brick

^AND FOR STREET PAVERS=

Weight
about
11,000 pounds
G apacity
2,000 bricks
per hour.

Single Crank
Movement
Working
Machinery

all above the

Mold Box.

THE PHILADELPHIA REPRESS.

Automatic End Cut Brick Machines of five sizes, having capacity

from 10,000 to over 100,00 brick daily under

favorable conditions.

CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY

52D A/ND MEDIA STREETS

E. R. FRAZIER, Chicago Agent,

59 West Jackson Boulevard.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

CLHY RECORD.

Modern Brick
Machinery

12 Ft DOUBLE GEARED PUG MILL TYPE “C”

Heavy Shafts and Large Faced Gears

Write for Our new Circular No. 12 describing some new Models of Brick Machinery

The BONNOT COMPANY

CANTON, OHIO

NO. 9 AUGER BRICK MACHINE

Capacity 50,000 to 70,000. The Machine for Diffi¬
cult Clays. Heavy Shafts -Steel Gears -Accessibility

THE GUILDER

ELEVATING and
LOWERING
BRICK CAR

FOR OPEN AIR SYSTEM OF DRYING

Write us in regard to this car and also let us tell you all about the
“PREMIER” line of Clay-Working Machinery.

The J. D. Fate Company

v PLYMOUTH, OHIO

A paper read before the Twenty-first Annual Convention of the
National Brick Manufacturers’ Association of the United States of
America, St. Louis, February 4-9, 1907.

THE OCCURRENCE AND PREPARATION OF
WHITE BURNING CLAYS.

By Prof. Edward Orton, Ohio State University.

Prof. Edward Orton, Jr., of the Ohio State University,
gave an interesting lecture on the above topic Wednesday
evening. Prof. Orton first traced the origin of clay matter
on the surface of the earth, showing that it was due prin¬
cipally to the action of water and air on the rocks compos¬
ing the primitive crust of the earth. The very great con¬
trast existing between the condition and chemical composi¬
tion and temperature of the atmosphere at the earth’s sur¬
face in early time and that existing now lead us to believe
that rock decay must have progressed with a rapidity and
on a scale with which we are not now familiar. The sum
of these alterative changes, which began vigorously when
water in liquid form was able to remain on the rocky sur¬
face of the earth, and which have been decreasing in activity
as the ages have come and gone, is now represented by a
vast coating of clayey matter covering the earth like a
blanket, through which the unweathered rocks project in
places in the forms of hills and mountains.

While all clays are formed by this process, some of them
remain for a long time in the position in which they were
formed, i. e., in contact with the rocks with which they have
weathered. Such clays are called primary clays, but the
vast majority of clay matter is soon moved from its place
of formation through the agency of the rains, the frosts, the
snows, the streams, the glaciers, in fact, through moving
water or moving ice, or moving air, and when again the par¬
ticles come to a temporary rest, they have become widely
scattered and mixed. Such clays are called secondary, for
they are no longer first hand products but consist of blends
or mixtures of powdered rocks coming from large areas
and from rocks of many different ages and kinds.

The speaker then stated that the subject under discussion
had been printed under the title of high-grade clays, and that
this title was somewhat misleading, for there were many

kinds of high-grade clays, and that a clay might be high-
grade for one purpose, and not so for another. He stated
that the clays which command the largest price in the mar¬
kets are the white-burning clays, such as are used for pot¬
tery and decorative purposes, and it was of this group only
that he desired to speak.

The next point made was that white-burning clays are
very largely found in .the primary class, because the white¬
ness of clays and most other rocks depends on the absence
of nature’s great coloring material, iron, and where a mass
of white rock, low in iron, is found, it is generally found
that the clay which it produces by weathering is also white
or light colored. But, as white rocks are not very common,
white clays are also uncommon, for one is dependent on
the other.

The amount of primary clay was shown to be compara¬
tively small, and of this primary clay, the amount of white¬
burning material was shown to be an insignificnt portion, so
that the amount of white-burning clays in existence form but
a drop in the bucket compared to the vast mass of clay mat¬
ter which is colored red or yellow. But, because the white
clays are rare, they are valuable, man being so constituted
that whatever is unusual is desirable. White clays are in¬
trinsically much less beautiful than the delicate reds, buffs
and grays, which natural clays produce, but because they
are difficult to obtain they are valued.

The speaker next showed that the resources of America
in white clays are good, compared to the other countries of
the world, and that most of them come from the formation
of old rocks called the Archaean. These Archaean rocks are
not believed to be the original crust of the earth, but are
thought to be the first sediments produced by the weather¬
ing of the original crust, which sediments have been greatly
modified or metamorphosed by the tremendous changes
which the earth’s crust has undergone since that dimly dis¬
tant period.

The earth’s crust has been contracting, wrinkling up into
mountain chains, cracking, and letting hot floods of rock
flow out over the surface. It has been learched by super¬
heated water, dissolving materials in one place and precipi-

taring them in another. It has been buried under miles of
sediments giving rise to great pressure. All of these agen¬
cies have ben operating for untold aeons on these earliest
sedimentary rocks, and have so altered them that we can
no longer prove definitely what their real origin was.
Whatever it was, the Archaean rocks are important to us
now, because they contain so much mineral wealth, not only
in the form of ores of the fare and baser metals, but also
in the marble, slate, granite, graphite, feldspar and kaolin
which they produce.

Danan’s map of the Archaean rocks of North America
was then shown on the screen, and the slender thread
of land running down from northeast to southwest along
the general course of the Appalachian mountain chain was
pointed out as the principal source of the kaolin bearing
rocks of America. The crumpled and twisted nature of the
schists which compose the bulk of the Archaean rocks was
next shown by views of pieces of the rock in its hard con¬
dition, and by embankments of it in railroad cuts, where
the rock had weathered sufficiently to be dug by steam
shovels.

A typical occurrence of primary kaolin at Dillsboro,
N. C., the property of the Harris Clay Company, was next
carefully illustrated. The views shown illustrated a cross-
section of the mountain in which the clay formation is seen ;
then a diagram illustrating the mode of working it; then
photographs showing the pits in operation and pictures
taken at the bottom of the pits showing how the clay is dug
and removed, and how the treacherous walls are kept from
caving in upon the pit-men. Another picture showed the
red clay walls between which the white kaolin vein is found.

I he washing or preparation of the kaolin, when once dug,
is a task which involves much originality, because no two
kaolins are alike and the apparatus required in one case is
apt to be unsuccessful in another. Mr. Harris, the proprietor
of this plant, has developed a most interesting procedure for
separating the kaolin from the comparatively coarse sand
and mica which compose the bulk of the gangue material
at this poipt. No one who looked at the ashy-gray material
that comes out at the top of the pit could believe that a beau¬
tifully white product could be obtained from it.

1 he method of this purification was explained on screen
by diagrams and photographs, step by step. In general, the
process is one of floating the light particles of kaolin out
from the heavier particles of quartz and mica, by passing
the liquid through long troughs in which the liquid flowed
at slower and slower speed ; but this method is supple¬
mented bv apparatus to disintegrate the kaolin, and get it
into suspension in the liquid, and sand wheels for getting
rid of the coarsest portions of other minerals, before the
liquid passes on to the troughs.

I he speaker then showed the relation between primary
and secondary kaolins, and how the latter had been produced
from the former by the same kind of a washing process as
that described and illustrated in the preceding views, and
also showed that in this case nature furnished the water
process — the rivers and streams acting as the disintegrators,
while lakes and oceans formed the settling tanks. The
wonder of it all is how a white clay can possibly be carried

for great distances and escape contamination by the red-
burning clays which are everywhere so much more abun¬
dant. For this reason, white-burning secondary clays are
rarer, geologically, than the primary ones, though the beds,
in which they occur are often of considerable extent, and
the amount of kaolin which they contain is sometimes very
large.

Referring to the map once more, the speaker showed that
the Archaean area of Georgia, North and South Carolina
and Virginia was bordered by a wide expanse of level coun¬
try, or coastal plain, which geologists tell us had been built
out of the sands, clays and waste materials produced by the
decay and erosion of this same Archaean area. Curiously
enough, in these sedimentary beds are found areas of white
secondary kaolins, three hundred miles distant from the
Archaean rocks, from which they must have been formed.
Speculations on the origin of these beds are very unsatisfac¬
tory, for it seems difficult to imagine any set of conditions
which can have produced such great quantities of unstained
material, surrounded above and below by red clays and
separated by such great distances from the white parent
rock.

However, the fact remains : the clays are there. No one
accurately knows yet how large an area of Florida is covered
by this white formation, but the two deposits now working
are fifty miles apart, and there are many stories current in
that vicinity that the white clay can be reached almost any¬
where that one goes down. Both workings are located
where the clay is comparatively close to the surface, and the
beds are found to be from 25 feet to considerably greater
thicknesses ; the bottom has not been definitely reached in one
of the beds. In both places, the soil is full of water and the
clay can not be dug to any depth without encountering the
water problem in severe form. At one of the places the
workmen only go as low as can be conveniently drained
with large centrifugal pumps. Much of the kaolin, however,
lies below this level, and this, of course, is not being now
recovered. In the other plant, a novel process of dredging
the kaolin from beneath water level has ben devised by Mr.
Charles Edgar, and the water has been made an actual as¬
sistance in place of a hindrance to the winning of the ma¬
terial.

Both of these beds consist of a white sandy material con¬
taining from 60 to 80 per cent of white 'sand, and the bal¬
ance kaolin. The processes of separation of the sand and
the kaolin are somewhat different in each plant; in fact, the
fineness in grain of the clay substance, and the attend¬
ant sand particles, seems to vary in the two beds, so that
the treatment given by one would be unsatisfactory to the
other.

Pictures were used freely in showing the equipment of
both of these plants for producing the kaolin slip, and the
sand separators, the trough system, the settling tanks, the
filter presses and the dry houses. More than thirty views
were used in illustrating this interesting stage of the work.

I he two Florida deposits having been thoroughly dis¬
cussed, a third deposit of- sedimentary kaolin, differing
widely from either of the others, was next discussed. The
plant illustrated was that of the Georgia Kaolin Company,

at Dry Branch, near Macon, Ga. The origin of this bed
seems to be different, in the fact that it lies almost on the
line of juncture of the Archaean rocks which produced it
and the flat sedimentary rocks of the coastal plain. Where
these two unlike formations come together, which geolo¬
gists call the Fall line, there occurs a band of clays, many
of which seem to be of considerable commercial promise.
Curiously enough, however, these clays are not as white as
the kaolins, three hundred miles south in Florida. One
would think that, from the fact that they lie close to their
place of formation, they would have encountered less
danger of staining. One would also expect them to be
coarser grained and full of sandy minerals, while the exact
reverse is the case. The bed at the point inspected was
about 30 feet and the clay is quarried out in lumps, which
have been marketed for years past with absolutely no me¬
chanical preparation other than drying and occasionally
crushing to facilitate filling into sacks for shipment.

The pictures illustrating this plant showed the clay pit,
with the black men digging and wheeling out the beautiful
white lumps, and also showed the nature of the overburden
which has to be removed here to a maximum depth of 35
feet. A unique device, called the tail rope scraper system
has been installed. The details of this plan were thrown
on the screen. The system has many advantages over the
steam shovel. The lesson should have some practical value
to brickmakers who have heavy stripping to remove.

At the conclusion of the lecture, the screen was covered
by a beautiful colored mountain scene of lakes, forests and
snow-capped peaks, and while the audience feasted their
eyes on this beautiful sight, the lecturer brought his re¬
marks to a close with the following:

“And thus ends the story of the white clay — prosaic and
commonplace enough, no doubt, to him who looks at it from
a material standpoint. To him it is interesting because it
sells for $12 a ton. In the language of Wordsworth:

“ ‘A primrose by a river’s brim,

A yellow primrose was to him
And it was nothing more!’

“But let your imagination have some play — let the search¬
light of geology help you to read the dark pages of its his¬
tory, and this simple lump of white clay can tell you a story
more fascinating than the siege of Troy, or the loves of
Romeo and Juliet. Around it is woven the wondrous his¬
tory of our beautiful earth. It takes us back to the days
before the human animal had made his humble entrance into
Nature’s zoological collection — back to the days when land
and seas teemed with animal and vegetable life, now utterly
perished and gone ; still back, when continents were young,
when our lovely earth was a fiery ball, surrounded by at¬
mospheres as dense and reeking as the discharge of one of
the monstrous weapons which now defend our coasts. And
though the purpose of this white clay now may be merely
to stiffen and polish the surface of your morning paper, or
to fashion the crude mug out of which you take your coffee
at your hasty noon-day lunch, do not forget that it may also
be the vehicle by which some future Wedgewood may fash¬
ion one of those triumphs of art before which people stand
silent and dewy-eyed.”

DISCUSSION ON PROPER MIXTURES AND
MIXING FOR MAKING SAND-LIME BRICK*

Mr. Bovy: This works back into the subject discussed
yesterday. We had up the matter of siloing only that por¬
tion of the sand which has been ground and considered the
mixture of all the lime with such proportion of the sand.

I would like a little more light on the subject.

Mr. Ebert: A sand when it is used wet from the bank
is mixed with hydrated lime, no silo.

Mr. Duerr: Our silo material is only a portion of the
sand and all of the lime, and the material is hydrated in
going through the silo, so that it ages perfectly dry, comes
in a dry state from the silo, and then is added to the sand
just before it goes to the press; the sand being moist, (by
moist I mean an average of 8 or 10 per cent water), be¬
cause if the sand has more than 8 or 10 per cent moisture
your mixture would be too wet, even for the press. I have
not seen any sand that came from the bank or bar that had
more than 10 per cent moisture. There seems to be no
difficulty in getting a perfect mix. I have not seen any
difficulty in mixing the two materials. I do believe, how¬
ever, that if your material was moist, even 3 per cent of ex¬
cess moisture in your silo material, you would have diffi¬
culty in mixing it.

Mr. Jackson: I agree with Mr. Duerr regarding some
of his experience with mixing. I am an advocate of taking
the sand, providing you can find it the right texture, direct
from the bank, mixing it with the hydrated lime and press¬
ing in into the brick with as short and simple a process as
can be done. There are instances where the sand is too
coarse or contains foreign matter that you have to dry your
material or prepare it. That adds to the cost of brick, in
order to dry your sand, screen it, or remove the vegetable
matter. It costs fuel and additional power. That mois¬
ture has to be put back in the brick. At our plant in Sag¬
inaw we are making 120,000 brick every week. We take
our sand right from the pit; and within fifteen minutes
from the time the sand is taken from the pit, we have the
brick on the car ready to harden.

Mr. Cleary: We take the sand right from the bank,
hydrate our lime, mix it with the sand. We are now turn¬
ing out 43,000 brick a day. We made 2,500,000 brick at
the end of the first month, and we are away behind with
our orders. As to tests our brick stood 6,000 to 7,000
pounds. Our brick right from the hardening cylinder
stand a compression of about 67,000 pounds.

Mr. Bovy: What style of mixer do you use?

Mr. Cleary: Double shaft differential, running at two
different speeds.

Mr. Bovy: If there is nothing further I would like to
broach the subject of dryers.

Mr. Duerr: The dryer question was thoroughly gone
into at last year’s meeting, I think if you will take up last
year’s report you will find the subject pretty thoroughly
discussed. I would like to know if anyone can give us fig¬
ures as to the expense a ton of drying sand with a steam

•Read at the last meeting of the National Associatoin of Manu¬
facturers of Sand-lime Products, recently held in Chicago. The
article which preceded this discussion appeared in April 30th issue
of Clay Record.

CLKY RECORD.

dryer. I believe our president is competent to give some
information on the subject.

The President: Mr. Duerr knows very well that I can
not give him what he has asked for. We can’t tell the cost
a ton of sand with a steam dryer. All the sand we can use
from now till May 15 is stored under cover so that it will
air dry to a great extent. Some of our Oswego river sand
can not be dried in a steam dryer, and we are putting in a
direct heat machine. At our Paragon plant the sand
worked satisfactorily with a steam dryer. At our Buffalo
plant our steam dryer is quite satisfactory. All that is
wanted of the steam dryer is to get the sand dry enough
to make it run freely.

Mr. Isenberg : I am sorry to have to say anything of
our experience with steam dryers. We were unable to get
a sufficient quantity of sand through the dryer to run half
a day, but such as did come through was entirely satisfac¬
tory. We resorted to all kinds of innovations with the
same result.

Mr. Van Glahn : The trouble with the dryer the gentle¬
man has just mentioned is the lack of air. He had got heat,
but you can not dry sand without air. His trouble is oc¬
casioned by the improper construction of the dryer.

Mr. Simpson: This gentleman has stolen my thunder.
It is all in the construction of the dryer. There are lots of
people who do not know how to construct a steam sand
dryer. I am an advocate of the steam dryer. Mr. Bost-
wick here is the foreman of the United States Brick Con-
poration, of Michigan City, Ind., and they use a steam dry¬
er. Iu summer time they use the exhaust steam which
would otherwise be thrown away, because the exhaust
steam goes through the heater first and heats the pipe be¬
fore it goes to the dryer and they use no live steam. Now
what does that dryer cost? No live steam is utilized in
drying the sand, the only cost there is (because there is no
manual labor) is the amount of power that the fan takes.
They are making 16,000 or 17,000 brick a day, and they
tell me this steam dryer will give them as much sand as
they need bone dry as is applicable to a tube mill. The
mere fact of piling sand on the pipes is not going to dry it,
you have got to get air through it.

Mr. Straight: I have had a great many years’ experi¬
ence in building dryers, and I will say that it is impossible
to dry sand with steam heat, or any other, without having
dry air in circulation. Take your dry air, pass it through
the heated sand and out of the other end of the dryer, and
you will have dry material. I agree with Mr. Van Glahn
that not everybody knows how to build a steam dryer.

Mr. Van Glahn: We can regulate the moisture in our
steam dryer in any way we choose. We put in a low pres¬
sure valve so that we can retain such percentage of mois¬
ture as we wish, and this can not be done with any rotary
dryer.

Mr. Whetstone: We installed a dryer on the plans fur¬
nished by Mr. Simpson, and at the cost of one ton of coal
for 10 hours we dry without any trouble 40 to 50 tons of
sand. What the capacity of that dryer might have been I
don’t know ; for we never had occasion to make any capac¬
ity test of our plant ;but we do know that we tested up to

the limit of capacity of our press every ten hours, with a
consumption of about one ton of coal. Our sand shows
moisture to about an average of $l/2 to 6 per cent.

Mr. Duerr: There is no economy shown in that state¬
ment. You have exaporated three tons of water with one
ton of coal. Any direct heat dryer will guarantee an
economy of one to eight.

Mr. King: We use a rotary dryer and dry from 55 to
60 tons of sand a day on one ton of coal costing $1.85 a
ton. We have never had any trouble at all.

Mr. Simpson: I don’t advocate the steam dryer under
all conditions. I there is any loam in the sand it is apt to
stick to the pipes, and that is one limitation to the steam
dryer. I have not been able to get the exact cost of run¬
ning the steam dryer, but I think you will admit that 2,400
to 2,500 pounds of coal is a very small amount to use in a
plant making 16,000 or 17,000 brick a day, drying all the
sand and using a tube mill.

Mr. Berg: A rotary dryer about 25 feet long working
with direct heat in conjunction with an exhaust fan can be
built very cheaply to use the exhaust steam.

Mr. Duerr: I made some figures a couple of years ago
on what the heat would do that we got from a cylinder,
and I find that it will not pay for carrying the sand back
and forth. I think there should not be any heat coming
form the cylinder. If the cylinder was properly insulated
that would give the greatest economy. It is surprising how
much coal some of us are burning up because we are not
covering our cylinders.

L. W. Penfield: I would like to ask if any of the sand-
lime brick makers who are using two or more hardening
cylinders ever followed the practice of steam connecting
them so that they could take pressure from one cylinder to
another.

Mr. Straight: We have two cylinders and empty from
one into the other, but our experience has been that it is
not practical to do that.

Mr. Duerr: We have three cylinders and have them
connected so that we can discharge the steam from one
cylinder into the other. I am inclined to agree with Mr.
Straight, although when we are working- two shifts night
and day and the opportunity comes where we can help out
one cylinder by taking the steam from the other, the econ¬
omy is considerable.

Mr. Bovy: Has anybody ever made any experiment
along the line of drying sand by mixing the sand with
crushed lime and letting the lime take the moisture out of
the sand for its own slacking?

The President : Mr. Tucker told us about that last year.
He advanced the theory that it was useless to dry your sand,
and hydrate your lime separately, when you could get na¬
ture to perform the act for you by simply combining the
two and having the hydration take place in the silo.

Mr. Johnson: We take the sand from the hill in its
natural state and mix it with the ground-up lime in the
mixer, from there it goes into the silo where it becomes ab¬
solutely dry.

We find there is plenty of moisture in the sand before it
goes into the silo. In the fall and winter time we use dry
steam together with water.

CLKY RECORD.

CLAY AND ITS RELATIONS TO THE DEVEL¬
OPMENT OF BANGOR*

By Patrick H. Dunn, Bangor, Maine.

Words of mine would fail to express to you the deep
feelings of appreciation which arises within me at this time
and upon this occasion. The honor which you have be¬
stowed upon me is something more than I ever expected
or deserved, for I feel that to address a body of intelligent
men is one thing, and to presume to instruct them is another,
which places the novice in a peculiar position of attempting
to instruct his own instructor. You have given to me this
honor, which I hope I may be worthy of, and anything that
I may say or do during this, my first effort, I assure you
gentlemen is from the purest motive and with the desire
to promote the interests and welfare of every citizen in Ban¬
gor, now or those who may seek shelter among us in the
future.

The subject assigned to me for this evening is Clay and
Its Relation to the Future Development of Bangor. The
subject is so broad, so far-reaching and inexhaustible in
its nature that for me, an humble citizen, to presume to
handle it with any degree of proficiency would be unrea¬
sonable. It is a subject that from the earliest history of
man, next to the winning of bread, is one of the most im¬
portant, for it deals with the construction of the shelter
of the human race.

Away back in the early history of civilization it was so
considered, as the monuments which have preserved the
memory of the characters of races of men thousands of
years dead will testify, being preserved in the burnt brick
structures now being unearthed, whose architectural design
outrival in grandeur the buildings of modern times.

But not to go into the dark age to fortify myself upon
this point, I will speak of conditions as they exist and events
which have taken place here and elsewhere during the
scope of my own short memory.

Perhaps some of you have been reading articles in the
local papers in the past regarding Bangor ‘‘sidetracked.”
And it may have given you alarm. The question of who
is to blame, if blame there be, is debatable ground, so I
leave it; but if the stories be true regarding the feasibility
of the creation of unlimited power to that developed by the
inflow of the Penobscot river to Pushaw lake, thence down
the valley through the hundreds of pen stocks at Bangor,
then the plausibility of developing the clay industry suffi¬
cient to increase the population to wonderful proportions
is not only probable but of natural consequence, for the
clay deposit in the immediate vicinity is of the finest grade
on earth for the manufacture of bricks, paving blocks, drain
tile, pottery and terra cotta lumber.

The gray bar clay properly handled when burnt, produces
a cherry red color, or it can be burned to pigeon blue or a
dark chestnut, which is regulated by the different degrees
of heat which, when the wall is not only fireproof, but
weather proof as well. Unlike some of the southern or

* An instructive address delivered by Mr. Dunn at a recent smoke-
talk of the Board of Trade. The same facts and conditions exist in
hundreds of cities throughout the United States.

western article, they will not soak water and are therefore
frost proof, giving to them the power to resist even time
itself. As an example to substantiate this statement I recall
to mind the days of the Charleston, South Carolina, earth¬
quake, when, through that upheaval of the earth’s surface
buildings of modern architecture were tottering, and had
fallen to the ground, it was the brick structures that re¬
mained as monuments to prove the superior fitness as a
building material. (The same may be said of San Fran¬
cisco.) Many of these buildings came from common hand¬
made bricks, of the clay that was dug from the hills in
Penobscot river valley, and were known to Charleston con¬
tractors as the Bangor brick, even in those days. At that
time men from all over the world flocked to the aid of
the reconstructionist, and the Bangor brick makers found
their way to act as superintendents in Charleston brick
yards. Two Bangor men (natives of Brewer), experts in
the art of tempering, moulding and burning clay, while
thus engaged read the name “Stodard & Hellier, Bangor,”
on the brick in the pavement in the streets of that city.
These men, attracted by this memento of their native place,
made a passing remark to a bystander, who promptly said,
“Yes ! those bricks came from Bangor, Maine. Bangor
bricks beat anything in the world ; they are not only easy
for the masons to cut to suit whatever occasion calls for,
but they are waterproof, and fireproof as well,” he said.
“We have put them to a test which is perhaps the most
rigid of any that can be made ; you see we boil the bricks
in water then in hot tar, in order that they may be used in
ornamental work, which makes them adhere closely to
each other in paving work as well. We have tested some
of the Philadelphia bricks, New York bricks, and others,
some of which would soak water clear through to the core,
but the Bangor bricks, even under a twenty-four-hour test,
would not allow the water or tar to penetrate a sixteenth
of an inch beneath its surface.” The gentleman then went
on to tell of other tests, pointing out buildings in the city,
some beautiful structures laid in white mortar with red,
flush faces ; others where a coating of cement would com¬
pletely cover the face of the bricks, hiding them from view.
“There,” said he, pointing his finger, “those bricks that
are not ashamed of their faces are Bangor bricks ; the
others from other parts of the country.” And right here,
gentlemen, it may be said, that to the Bangor brickmaker
who walks through the city and looks at buildings of mod¬
ern design, when he is confronted with a foreign building
material no better than his own and of dififerent color from
that which nature intended should be used, it causes himx
to blush. I would not presume to decry the value of this
foreign material were the local product receiving the proper
consideration from men who have power, and an equal
chance for competition in the home market, not to speak
of the possibilities of again getting back our foreign trade.

When you go along the streets, compare some of the
buildings which I will mention, and see whether or not
there is room for a controversy. The front of the Bangor
Opera House is composed of foreign brick, with exception
of a few repressed ones which came from Brewer. It is

CLKY

RECORD,

something like thirty years ago they landed here, as at
a cost of forty dollars per thousand ; then look at the Mc¬
Guire block on the opposite side of the street; then look
at the buildings in the immediate vicinity of the Opera
House where you can notice the ordinary Bangor-made
brick front. I leave it to your own judgment to say which
is the best brick and the prettiest wall. The bricks in the
block two doors below were delivered on the spot at six
dollars per thousand.

I now ask you to compare the design of the Bangor city
hall, Penobscot county courthouse, the Nichol’s block, on
Main street, the First National Bank block on Exchange
street ; compare them with any structure of modern times
within the county or state. Red bricks, granite finish are
Bangor products ; they tell the story plainer than I can.
Let any man look at the Farrar house, now owned by the
Merrill family, on Union street ; there he will see the Bangor
brick side by side with a foreign contemporary. A portion
of those bricks came from Lancashire, England, while an¬
other portion came from Brewer, where they were made,
repressed and burned to compare with the color of the for¬
eign product. The brickmaker will observe that the eye of
an expert sorted and matched the colors. It would be diffi¬
cult for any one to find the slightest variation. This alone,
if nothing else, pays its tribute to the Brewer brickmaker.

Take a walk with me up Broadway, in our own city; look
at the residences there ; then look at the churches of the
different denominations which crew in the days when our
state was known as the “Pine Tree” State, and Bangor on
the tidewaters of the Penobscot was the largest pine lum¬
ber export market in the whole world. On your walk with
me you will notice the buildings which were erected in
the days when the pine was in its glory. Were they built
of pine, spruce, hemlock, or cedar ; were they built of for¬
eign clay? No! they were built from the home product,
the bricks hand made — Bangor clay — and there they stand
today, as they may stand when centuries are past, models of
architecture, defying time itself and smiling at the errors
of modern builders. They are telling a tale of a race of
men who have passed away, but whose knowledge as to the
value of the natural resources of our state was far-reaching
and superior to that of men of today.

You may start out of the city of Bangor in any direction
you choose ; if it is summer time, you may take note of the
foliage of the various plants which you are passing, which
tell the tale to the expert chemist of the elements which are
hidden beneath the surface. The inexperienced man can
pass and repass and see no indications pointing to a valuable
deposit, but the eye of the clay worker is attracted on every
side with the marvelous deposit over which he is passing.

In other states, in other communities, men of wealth,
refinement and education have spent many long, weary days
prospecting in search of a suitable deposit for the manufac¬
tory of bricks and pottery, sometimes with bad results.

But the great trouble with Bangor has been that so many
gifts have been bestowed upon it by the Creator that its
citizens, blinded by their false education, could not conceive
the true value of its position from a geological standpoint.

Only last week at a meeting of the newspaper associations
of the United States a paper was read by some distinguished
gentleman sounding an alarm. He said: “In twenty-five
years hence the entire spruce suitable for paper in the
United States will be consumed.” He gave what purported
to be facts and figures which bore out his statement, and
which I am ready to accept. The thought is worthy of con¬
sideration of our greatest minds. How many men are there
in the city of Bangor who are aware of the fact that the
commercial portion of the city of Boston is largely com¬
posed of brick manufactured in the vicinity of Bangor.
Philadelphia, before it became famous as a brick centre, had
part of its training in brick burning from instructors sent
from the mud yards of Brewer. The state of Colorado
at the time of the Leadville boom received some of its beau¬
tiful brick fronts through the efforts of gold and silver
hunting brickmakers from Bangor, who had found their
way into the new country.

At the time of the St. John (N. H.) fire, some thirty
years ago, it was Bangor bricks which played a most prom¬
inent part in rebuilding of the city, and today those rose
fronts stand out on her principal streets, outshining in
splendor anything that can be seen. St. John, New Found-
land, cities even along the Mediterranean, even South Afri¬
ca, all have their red-faced fronts composed of bricks made
and thoroughly burnt in Penobscot river valley. London
itself, not to speak of New York, Baltimore, or even New
Jersey cities, have our Bangor bricks in their composition.

The hero of Little Round Top, in his early days made
mud cakes in the Brewer brick yard, and today in the city
of New York we have a sculptor from Brewer competing
with the greatest sculptors of modern time. He made
his first attempt as a sculptor working in the clay of a
Brewer brick yard. With all of these things before us,
why is it, then, that today the citizens who should have a
knowledge of this glorious heritage are blinded by the ex¬
istence of power which forces them to uphold the works of
a stranger rather than to encourage the efforts of their own
people? Wonderful things may be said of the Bangor
brick and the part it has played and ought to play in the
shelter of the human race. Still more wonderful things
could be said of her brickmakers, who received their
first inspiration of knowledge in the brick yard with
their bare foot in the hot summer sun, from honest
foreigners, who were supposed by the local citizens to be
ignorant men simply because they were poor. How many
men realize that some of the greatest expert burners of clay
have received their training here, and without notoriety,
newspaper advertising, political influence, or anything of
the kind have gone forth into the world to take charge
of brick enterprises, where capital was more willing to co¬
operate with muscle and brain, than here at home.

Look at the Union grammar school building, the Palm-
street school building and many others that I could mention,
made by Bangor contractors with Bangor material, and
then come down town and let me show you some of the
new ones made by imported contractors of imported brick
by imported labor ; reason for yourself.

ULHY RECORD,

Take the Coe block, there is a red face side of it, its
equal if not its superior. Then take the Merchants’ Na¬
tional Bank block, the Stetson block on Exchange street,
the new Graham block now under process of construction,
the Merrill Trust Co.’s block ; compare any of them with
ones I have mentioned, and then look at the Stearns block,
the Morse-Oliver building, and I ask you to judge whether
your red clay bricks as they are presented here in their
crudest form and having the disadvantage of being handled
at a remarkably low cost, do they or do they not outshine
such buildings as the ones I have herein mentioned? I
will include the Bass building, with its white face, looking
over at the Coe block. Who knows what those brick cost
the owner? While they were being placed in the wall the
finest expert brickmakers, natives of Bangor and vicinity,
were being employed, teaching the citizens of the south and
west the art of making bricks, while the owner of the build¬
ing itself owned and still owns a clay bank which properly
handled would produce a superior quality bricks, at a saving
of expense and perhaps could retain within the limits of
the city, at least, a few of the intelligent working men who
are obliged to seek other fields for want of employment.

It seems to be a very general and growing opinion that
Bangor does not offer a proper amount of encouragement
to its own young men. Its system of education, from the
highest profession to the lowest, seems to have a tendency
to discourage rather than encourage any industry that might
see fit to ask for recognition within its limits. Now then,
let that be as it may, let bygones be bygones. Time has ar¬
rived. Bangor must assert itself in more ways than one.
And if her citizens do not see fit to take hold and encourage
they may in time be obliged to look on at the progressive¬
ness of the citizens of other countries who are fast becom¬
ing aware of our hidden treasures, and will set us up just
over a little to one side where we will wonder how, when
and what wind blew this about.

The great railroad propositions which are being encour¬
aged throughout the country, the marvelous development of
the interior of our country, the opening up of the great
timber fields of the north, the acknowledged congestion of
the large business centers, the innumerable railroad wrecks,
denoting the inefficiency of the railroads to take care of the
present traffic, and the clamor by these gigantic enterprises
to gain open ports to the sea will no doubt increase the popu¬
lation in the State of Maine. It may sidetrack Bangor,
but it never can deprive it of these rich deposits of clay and
other products which in time will be brought to bear to as¬
sist in the manufacture of our fireproof building material.

This clay bed, beginning on the north of the city is con¬
tinuous to the bank of the river, extending a distance of
thirty miles or more, and God knows how deep it goes into
the ground, but the deeper it goes the better it is, and the
more uses can be made of it.

Not only is it suitable for construction material, but the
blue clay spread upon worthless land can be made to pro¬
duce clover equal in quality to the results of the same
amount of any commercial phosphate, now being introduced
from foreign countries. It also can be made into a paint

which is as indestructible by the elements of nature as is
the time honored brick. To be sure it is natural that the
value of this deposit should be hidden by men who are inter¬
ested in deposits and in enterprises in other sections of the
country.

For instance: We have a deposit close to the Herman
line, of Potter’s clay, this having been experimented on by
experts, has been found suitable for making ware that will
take the glaze readily. And it might here be said regarding
glazes, that some of the experiments made on enamel bricks
in Brewer last year are satisfactory.

What Bangor wants first is knowledge of its power, it
wants every boy and girl within its limits to know that there
is a chance for them to develop here at home. It wants
the business men to throw off the narrow mindedness which
has characterized it in the past, and to unite in their efforts
the uplifting of the city. There is clay enough, there is
muscle enough, sand, water and brains enough, and if these
ingredients are properly mixed, I have no fear for the fu¬
ture of Bangor.

The new Maine Central station at the foot of Exchange
street, from the point of architectural design, may be termed
unsurpassable. But note what an old time brickmaker told
me! He said that the bricks in that building cost $40 per
thousand, f. o. b. ; that they were composed of New Jersey
clay, which, was shipped to Boston, and there made into
bricks and burned, then sorted and shipped here. The
enamel bricks, he said, used on the interior were delivered
at a cost of $85 per thousand. The sandstone came from
some other remote part of the universe, while the red slate
making its contrast with the blue of the sky, was also of for¬
eign product. I do not know who the architect was, nor
do I propose to criticise him nor anybody, but I have this to
say: If he did not know about the Bangor clay bank for
bricks, the Monson and Brownville slate quarries for slate,
and the Dedham, Lincoln, Hernan and Waldo granite quar¬
ries for trimmings, he certainly was not educated in the
time defying indestructible building material, whose home
is here, and which had the first right to be considered. If
he was a native of some other state he surely deserves credit
for being more loyal to the land of his choice than are our
own people, who, knowing the truth, ask and receive fran¬
chises of the community in which they thrive and then fail
to appreciate the wonderful value of the soil that bears
them.

One of the peculiarities of the Bangor clay is that God
Almighty mixed it. It needs no pugging machine, no rock
crushers, scarcely anything but capital and the muscle to
remove it into the many thousand blocks which may be de¬
sired. There is plenty of wood and water and power, it
extends from the railroads to tidewater, so that if the output
were large it would have the advantage of an outlet to the
world by sea as well as by rail.

It may seem to some short-sighted person that the estab¬
lishment of a brick plant in the vicinity upon a very large
scale might have a tendency to weaken present manfactor-
ies. But that is not the case. The people of the whole world
must be again schooled to the Bangor brick and clay pro¬
duct for building purposes. The effect during the past few

CLKV RECORD,

years has been that the manufactories being few and small,
made no attempt to keep up anywhere near to the demand
for the output, so that contractors figuring upon the con¬
struction work of large enterprises, of necessity were obliged
to take for the basis the product of some other place.

Last year alone, millions of bricks passed through Bangor
towards the east, from the west, some to be used in con¬
struction work at sthe new pulp mill at Sprague’s Falls,
Washington county. The entire product of the Orland
yards, after the Bangor supply had been exhausted, was
transported in schooners across the bay, there to be un¬
loaded, reloaded again to be used in the Milo and Milli-
nocket enterprises, qnd strange to say like carrying coals to
Newcastle, foreign bricks were dumped upon the wharves
in Bangor and Brewer to be rehandled and shipped to the
north and the east of us, while some of our Bangor build¬
ings were being made of the cheapest refuge scoot lumber,
with a sheet iron imitation of the Bangor brick, to hide the
defect, and this in plain sight of everybody.

All the brickyards in Maine this year, if running at full
capacity, will not be able to make one-tenth part of thei
amount of brick which ought to be used in the state of
Maine alone, for the building of homes.

The construction of the Allegash railroad will open, up
new fields, new towns and cities which will need building
material, and they should all be made of Bangor brick.

We have an agricultural college which is reciving from
the State annually a sum of money intended to promote the
inspiration which was born in the heart of a laboring man.
No man should ever attempt to take from it anything; she
has suffered enough ; she should be encouraged that she
may send forth the message to future generations, tidings
of the truth hidden beneath the surface of the earth. This
institution with all its branches at present, is able to teach
the farmer the wonders of the chemical properties of the
soil which is to constitute its future crop. It can teach the
civil engineer, and train the student in technical law ; it
can teach forestry now after its own valuable timber lands
have been devastated, by men who feared a universal edu¬
cation and have retarded the progress of civilization and
honest government. But until its faculty and the peop1e in
general actually wake up to the meaning of its creation,
which existed in the heart of its inceptor, and delve deeper
than the surface into matters of international importance,
then it can never hope to reach the goal allotted to it by
the creator of the moral act that gave it birth.

The city of Bangor, located as it is in the center of this
marvellous deposit should have a school established that
would teach its children the chemical properties of the clay
upon which it rests, and its relation and its comparison with
other clays ; its capacity, endurance and fitness for home
building purposes. Every boy and girl should be taught
in their mud cake age what the cake is composed of and
what valuable ware could be made of it.

But the question might here be asked, “Whose business is
it what we make on buildings, or of what materials we use ?
Do we not own the money we use?” The answer is this:
It is the duty of every man to defend his home first and to
promote its interest ; second, the town he lives in ; third, the

county, or state or nation under which he lives and is per¬
mitted to accumulate his fortune.

Metropolitan centers are not caused by accident, but by
some natural gift that God has bestowed for a purpose to a
particular locality. Sometimes the breezes blow for centur¬
ies over a favored spot, nature being left unmolested ; the
heedless traveler may pause to take a view of the surround¬
ing scenery and not conceive the possibilities which were
intended by the designer of the picture. But again, a
more inquisitive traveler lingers, pauses, studies and con¬
siders ; and behold, even though he die, the thought lives ;
the city grows and the change is upon the face of the land.
So it is with Bangor ; she has slumbered, she must wake
for she has been discovered.

These natural resources must be developed, and instead
of the white faced structures of the foreign material which
meets the traveler, through her streets, the fresh red face of
the Bangor home-made brick with its terra cotta lumber
as its partner, will not only adorn this city, but the principal
cties throughout the world.

Enough has been said in the past regarding the intro¬
duction of foreign bricks in the local market and the lack
of exportation of our own product to the markets of the
world, as in the past, and there must be some cause. It is
plain enough that the spirit of centralization of power, hav¬
ing taken control of nearly all the natural gifts of the coun¬
try, has taken the brick into its grasp, and in spite of the
progress of the world has forced the small manipulator to
the wall, thus, not only destroying the small brick maker
but our once valuable merchant’s marine as well. The little
two masted schooner craft no longer bears its precious bur¬
den of burnt clay from Penobscot river to the wide world,
but in their stead great barges of thousands of tons capacity
are carrying coal, lumber and other products, while the
brick is being shipped from the mouth of clay mines by rail.

We do not have to mine our clay; it is in the hill-tops as
well as in the valley. It will respond to the touch readily,
and by the aid of the natural law of gravitation will assist
in its own creation into the blocks which have made this
country.

The great ocean monsters which now carry the coal, rail¬
road iron and other foreign product into our port, are towed
out of the river empty. This is an awful spectacle: an aw¬
ful condition to be permitted in a country and city with such
wonderful natural facilities. They should be laden with
manufactured clay product which would again give Bangor
its proper place among the progressive cities of the world.

How can this be accomplished? Can it be done by men
staring at each other, finding fault with what little progress
may chance to be made, You have seen the great corpora¬
tions which have been organized with foreign capital make
the Magic city grow in the wilderness of Penobscot and St.
Croix rivers. You see around you evidence on every hand
of the world’s anxiety to assist you in placing the state
where she belonged, not only now but half a century ago.

The great dams which are proposed above to hold back
the waters in our lakes and streams, the electrical current
passing from the great powers up the river through the
unity of force applied with it from outside capital, these, all
these things for the development of the paper industry. You
have seen your local citizens organize for mutual benefits
for the purpose of purchasing the homes of the poor to hold
and to elevate them against the incomer who is asking for
permission to dwell among you. Why not organize to con¬
struct, to build, to elevate something that will be of benefit
to struggling humanity.

GLKV RECORD.

TARIFF COMMISSION’S REPORT ON BRITISH
POTTERY INDUSTRY.

Consul-General Robert J. Wynne, of London, has trans¬
mitted a printed report issued by the tariff commission as a
result of investigation into the present unsatisfactory con¬
dition of the British pottery industry, and the measures pro¬
posed for its protection from foreign competition, of which
the following is an abstract:

The output of British pottery is estimated at $26,766,000
of which $10,950,000 worth is exported, and the balance,
$15,816,000, being consumed in the United Kingdom.
While the world’s use of pottery has undergone great exten¬
sion in recent years, the British industry has not only failed
to expand accordingly, but has failed to keep pace with the
home demand. While the industry has undergone no prac¬
tical change, the exports of British pottery clays have more
than quadrupled in thirty years.

While the exports of British pottery have remained prac¬
tically stationary for the last twenty-five years, the German
exports have risen from $14,595,000 to $24,333,000 during
the last eight years. French and Austrian exports have
risen during the last ten years from $5,000,000 to $7,500,000
and from $3,260,000 to $6,140,000, respectively.

The United States still continues to be the chief market for
British pottery, although the decline in the exports thereto
since the imposition of the McKinley and Dingley tariffs
has amounted to 40 per cent, while German exports to the
United States have increased 160 per cent in the last six
years and now exceed $7,300,000, against British exports
of about $2,500,000. The British industry expects that un¬
der their tariff protection American manufacturers will
soon be able to supply their entire home demand. British
colonial markets now rank next in importance to the United
States. Canada and South Africa, wherein British goods
have preference tariffs, show large increases in the con¬
sumption of British pottery, while Australia, wherein there
is no preference, shows a heavy decline. British exports to
South America show an upward tendency.

The most disturbing influence in the British pottey in¬
dustry has been the steady increase in the imports of foreign
pottery into the United Kingdom in the last twenty-five
years. Germany exports to the United Kingdom five times
as much imports as it did thirty years ago, while in ten
years the imports from Austria have increased twelvefold,
and those from France 56 per cent in ten years. The fea¬
ture of foreign competition of which the greatest complaint
is made is the sale of imported pottery regardless of cost
price. German manufacturers, having their own market
secure, dispose of their pottery in the United Kingdom at
less money than the British manufacturer pays for labor
alone on similar articles, and this foreign “dumping” is
often coupled with the piracy of British designs, the effect
on British trade being often disastrous.

The result of all the foregoing is that British potters have
suffered to the extent of 25 per cent in their wages for some
years past because of short time, and that despite the
greatly increased use of pottery ware there are fewer people
employed today in some districts than there were twenty-
five years ago. It is generally agreed that foreign competi¬

tion, especially “dumping,” keeps the output of some British
factories down to one-half their capacity. Foreign tariffs
are indicated as a prime cause of the establishment of
British pottery firms in the United States and Germany
and the emigration of British skilled labor to those coun¬
tries.

Great stress is laid in the evidence as to the consequences
of increasing Japanese competition, in view of the abnor¬
mally low wage basis prevailing in that country. In some
classes Japanese potters work for 8 cents a day. Japan
now sends half her pottery exports to the United States,
and there have been substantial increases in its exports to
Canada and Australasia.

Those engaged in the industry advocate the need of
change in the British fiscal system. One manufacturer testi¬
fied as follows : “If I could produce 30 per cent more than
now from an average of 51 to 90 ovens, I could sell at
per cent Cheaper than at present and be just as well off.” A
system of appraisement similar to that in the United States
based on the value of the goods as sold in the country of
production, is recommended.

BIG POTTERY* WAR COMING.

One of the greatest selling price wars ever known to
the sanitary pottery trade is anticipated betwen the eastern
and western sanitary pottery manufacturers. It has all
come about through the expiration of patents on all high-
class syphonic closets controlled by potteries associated
under the name of the Potteries Selling Company, Trenton,
N. J.

With a desire to compel the manufacturers of sanitary
earthenware to agree to maintain a selling list whereby a
fair margin of profit some of the eastern manufacturers
have gotten together to go over the situation. It is asserted
that if the war of prices continues long after the patents
expired, which was the middle of April, the manufacturers
will be unable to keep in the “running.”

The Potteries Selling Co. at their last monthly meeting,
and just before the patent expired, announced to the jobbing
trade that a reduction of twenty per cent in the selling lists
on all syphonic action closets had been ordered. On all
other classes of sanitary production a reduction qf twelve
and one-half per cent, was ordered.

Under these conditions, and with those factories not in

the association determined to get business, the reductions
in time are expected to become lower than ever before
known to the sanitary trade.

Among the potteries not affiliated with the selling com¬
pany are the following: Camden Pottery Co., Camden, N.
J. ; Standard Pottery Co., Elizabeth, N. J. ; Riverside Pot¬
tery Co., controlled by the Wheeling Pottries Co., Wheel¬
ing, W. Va. ; National Pottery Co., Evansville, Ind. ; Colum¬
bia Pottery Co., Kokomo, Ind., and the Great Western Pot¬
teries Co., Kokomo, Ind., and Tiffin, O.

The Potteries Selling Co. is composed of these factories,
all of which are located at Trenton : Acme, Bellmark, Brian,
Fidelity, Keystone, John Maddock & Sons, Willetts, Sani¬
tary Earthenware Specialty Co., Thomas Maddock Sons,
Crescent, Delaware Trenton Potteries Co., Empire and En¬
terprise.

GLKY RECORD,

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER.

These new inventiions are those that are especially of
interest to anyone engaged in tne line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

846,277. Brick-Machine. Henry Armstrong, Roches¬
ter, N. Y. Filed Dec. 10, 1906. Serial No. 347,117.

Claim — In a brick-machine, the combination of a suport-
ing-frame, a shaft pivotally mounted in said frame, levers
carrying a pallet serving as the back of a mold, and plates
serving as the bottom of the mold, and also carrying a front
door provided with movable division-plates, and end doors
hinged to said levers, substantially as described.

In a brick-machine, the combination of a mold compris¬
ing a pallet, bottom, end doors, and front door, means for
securing said end doors to said front door, pivotal supports
for said front door, division-plates adapted to slide in aper¬
tures in said front door, a shaft to which all of said divi¬
sion-plates are secured, recessed brackets for guiding said
shaft, a pivoted forked lever, the arms of which engage said
shaft, said arms being provided with downwardly-extend¬
ing portions adapted to rest upon the frame of the machine
and normally support said front door in a vertical posi¬
tion, substantially as described.

845,83.3* Drier. Jacob Weintz, Cleveland, Ohio. Filed
April 30, 1906. Serial No. 314,333.

Claim — In a drying apparatus, the combination of a com¬
bustion-chamber ; a conduit for conducting the gases of
combustion formed in two sections one above the other ; a
drying-chamber associated with one of said sections, but cut
off from communication with both of the latter; and an
air-conduit associated with the other of said sections and
communicating with the interior of said drying-chamber.

In a drying apparatus, the combination of a combustion-
chamber ; a conduit for conducting the gases of combustion

formed in two sections one above the other ; a drying-cham¬
ber associated with the upper of said sections, but cut off
from communication with both of the latter ; and an air-
conduit lying below section of said gas-conduit and form¬
ing one of the walls of the latter, said air-conduit communi¬
cating with the interior of said drying-chamber.

846,536. Brickmaking Plant. Hiram H. Walsh, Little
Ferry, N. J. Filed Oct. 8, 1906. Serial No. 337,888.

Claim — A combined endless conveyor and shaping or
molding apparatus comprising a series of linked plates
forming the bottom wall of the molds, other walls thereon
extending longitudinally thereof to form two opposed sides
to each mold or compartment, and transversely-extending
walls movable in and out of the plane of the longitudinally-
extending walls, in planes coincident with where said plates
break joints substantially as described.

A combined endless conveyer and shaping or molding ap¬
paratus comprising series of linked plates forming the
bottom wall of the molds and other walls arranged to form
opposed side to each mold or compartment, said other walls
being movable in planes coincident with where said plates
break joints out of operative juxtaposition to said series of
plates to leave the contents of said molds clear of said walls,
substantially as described.

847,001. Cooking-Oven. Louis J. Hirt, Brookline,
Mass. Filed Jan. 3, 1903. Serial No. 137,630.

Claim — In a coking-oven, in combination, a coking-
chamber provided with an extension having at its lower end
a discharge outlet or mouth, a cover to normally close said
mouth, supporting cranks or arms located within the exten-

CLHV RECORD.

sion above the said mouth, rock-shafts upon which the said
cranks or arms are mounted, worm-gears mounted on the
said rock-shafts outside of the said extension, and a rota¬
table shaft provided with worms in mesh with said gears,'
substantially as described.

848,213. Pulverizer. Nickolas Spurgin, Ottawa, Ill.,
assignor of one-half to Benjamin B. Holland, Ottawa, Ill.
Filed Nov. 24, 1905. Serial No. 288,980.

Claim — A pulverizer comprising a sectional casing, com¬
posed of a vertically-movable bottom section, two side sec¬
tions connected therewith, and means for engaging the up¬
per ends of said side sections to move them toward the cen¬
ter of the casing when the bottom section is elevated.

A pulverizer comprising a casing having a movable sec¬
tion, a lining for said section comprising a plurality of sec¬
tions, each having projections extending through the wall
of said movable section, said projections being provided
with perforations, rods passing through the perforations
of corresponding projections on the sections, and wedges
inserted between the rods and the outer wall of the mov¬
able section of the casing for securing the lining of said
movable section.

847,618. Hand Brick-Machine. Frederick W. Stein-
hoff, Eddyville, Iowa, assignor to Oscar H. Seifert, Eddy-
ville, Iowa. Filed Nov. 23, 1905. Serial No. 288,729.

Claim — A brick-molding machine comprising inwardly-
flanged side walls, outwardly-flanged end walls resting
upon the side flanges, partitions having tongues passing
through the side walls, cross-rods connecting the side walls
above the flanges thereof, movable bottoms between the par¬

titions and adapted to normally rest on said cross-rods,
blocks extending from said bottoms between the cross-rods,
and side-wall flanges, and an actuating-plate connecting
said blocks.

846,258. Brickmaking-Machine. Edgar R. Sutcliffe,
Leigh, England. Filed Oct. 22, 1906. Serial No. 340,-
063.

Claim — In a brick-press, a revolving mold-table, plungers
entering molds therein from the top and also from the bot¬

tom, means for causing pressure to be applied to the said
plungers, fixed pivots attached to a stationary part of the
machine, pins attached to a movable part connected to one
of the plungers, so that they come into sliding contact either
directly or indirectly, with the fixed pivots and thereby
raise the plunger clear of the mold.

In a brick-press, a revolving mold-table, plungers enter¬
ing molds therein from the top and also from the bottom,
means for causing pressure to be applied to the said plung¬
ers, a pivoted bracket supported at one end on adjustable
eyebolts, fixed pins carried by the bracket with bowls there¬
on, pins on the pressing mechanism supporting the top
plunger adapted to slide over the said bowls, holes in the
revolving table, and a spring-operated pin carried by a mov¬
able part of the pressing mechanism.

846,559. Continuous Decorating-Kiln. John Gamble,
East Liverpool, Ohio. Filed April 16, 1906. Serial No.

3 1 1 ’999-

Claim — A kiln of the character described, provided with
a heating or “firing” tunnel-section having two series of
heat-conducting flues or passages communicating with a
source of heat and extending tortuously in opposite direc-

A kiln of the character described, having a heating or
“firing” section and end extension-chambers each having
a right-angled end wall opposed to the plane of the entrance
to said “firing” section and having an inclined lateral wall
forming with said right-angled wall the entrance to said ex¬
tension-chamber at a point substantially out of alinement
with the aforesaid entrance.

CLHY RECORD.

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company,

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor.

SUBSCRIPTIONS.

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States, Canada or Mexico
and one dollar fifty cents for all other foreign countries.

Papers are not stopped at the end of subscriptions unless the sub*
scribers order them so and pay up the arrearages.

ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POST OFFICE AS SECOND-CLAS8 MATTER.

Vol. XXX. MAY 15, 1907. No. 9

••I like to read American advertisements. They are In
themselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.”— William E. Gladstone.

Yes. Subscribe today.

It doesn’t require much effort to grumble.

There is plenty of room at the top — and the rent is al¬
ways cheaper.

Don’t forget that the Brown stone front usually depends
on a homely brick rear for support.

There is at least one redeeming feature about the air cas¬
tles of all of us ; we don’t have to pay taxes upon them.

Many a man’s failure is due to his having wasted his time
in envying the success of his neighbor’s strenuous efforts.

One can never estimate a man’s salary by the work he
claims to do. It is results that are figured as the basis upon
which to calculate it.

Have you subscribed for the Clay Record this year? If
not you are a little late, better commence with this issue.
Remember the Clay Record is the only Clay Journal pub¬
lished in America twice a month and that its cost is only one
dollar for twenty-four numbers.

BUILDING OPERATIONS FOR APRIL.

Building statistics from fifty-four leading cities through¬
out the country officially reported and tabulated show a
gradual increase, as the season progresses, over similar
reports for the same month in 1906, showing a widely dis¬
tributed building activity for April. In the aggregate the
gain, as compared with April, 1906, is a trifle over 5 per
cent. Twenty-six cities show gains ranging from 6 to 199
per cent, and twenty-eight show a loss varying from 2 to 77
per cent. Greater New York is rapidly recovering her
wonted building activity, while falling behind during the
past few months, the figures for April show a gain of 17
per cent over April of the previous year. The percentage
of gain in other cities is shown by the following figures:
Baltimore, 6; Bridgeport, 99; Denver, 7; Harrisburg, 44;
Louisville, 35 ; Milwaukee, 46 ; Minneapolis, 28 ; Memphis,
6 ; Mobile, 42 ; Newark, 63 ; Philadelphia, 69 ; Patterson,
74 ; Portland, 199 ; San Antonio, 78 ; Scranton, 28 ; Spokane,
1 6; Syracuse, 52; Tacoma, 48; Worcester, 50. The princi¬
pal losses fall on the following named cities : Atlanta, 20 ;
Birmingham, 27 ; Chicago, 56 ; Evansville, 35 ; Fall River,
77 ; Grand Rapids, 22 ; Indianapolis, 20 ; Kansas City, 20 ;
Los Angeles, 27 ; Nashville, 28 ; New Haven, 25 ; New Or¬
leans, 26; Pittsburg, 67; St. Louis, 42; Seattle, 31 ; Wilkes
Barre, 34 ; Winnipeg, 45. Many of the latter can afford this
loss and still show a great building activity as compared

with several years ago.

- *»• » ' ■■

THE ILLINOIS COMPANY SIGNED WITH
BRICKYARD EMPLOYES FOR THREE YEARS.

President C. D. B. Howell of the Illinois Brick Co. stated
that a contract had been signed granting an all-around in¬
crease in the wages of employes. The agreement is made
for three years, and the advances, which vary according
to the different classes of employment, will amount to about
10 per cent in the aggregate of increased expense to the
company will have to bear in payment for labor.

The enlarged expense account naturally reduces the in¬
crease in earnings to be derived from the advance in the
price of brick, but the company is selling an immense
amount of its product, and unless something of an unfore¬
seen nature occurs to curtail the building industry a great
deal of money will be made.

Mr. Howell expressed himself as being well satisfied
with the terms of the settlement made with the employes,
and laid particular stress on the fact that the company will
be free from labor troubles with its own men for a long
time.

It seems to be the impression among directors of the
company that the present 4 per cent dividends will be main¬
tained for some time, and that no attempt will be made to
restore the shares to a higher rate until some of the surplus
lost during the year of trade war demoralization of the
trade generally has been regained. President Howell per¬
sonally does not favor paying higher dividends until the
company is well able to do so. He says the company is not
committed to any specific rate of payments, nor is there any
set rule as to the time when disbursements shall be made.

It has been customary to pay dividends quarterly since
the company was reorganized. First, at the rate of 6 per

CLHV RECORD.

cent yearly and later at the rate of 4 per cent. He calls
attention to the fact that the stock at current market prices
yields nearly 8 per cent on the investment, which he believes
is satisfactory under the circumstances, when it is at the
same time considered that the surplus earnings are being
taken care of.

The company has more orders on its books than can
be supplied expeditiously. The supply of made brick is ex¬
tremely small, and great difficulty is being experienced in
securing cars from the railroads with which to make prompt
deliveries of out-of-town contracts. The bricklayers’ strike

in Chicago has had no effect outside of the loop district.

- -

MANUFACTURERS ASK UNION FOR MORE

APPRENTICES.

EAST LIVERPOOL, O., May 14. — A shortage of work¬
men, said to be the biggest in the history of American pot¬
teries, prevails in the western pottery territory, according
to statements made here by pottery manufacturers. Officers
of the United States Potters’ Association have taken the
proposition up with representatives of the National Brother¬
hood of Operative Potters, the manufacturers seeking a
change in some of the rules of the organization which would

permit the employment of additional apprentices.

♦ -

CONTRACTORS IN CRY FOR BRICK AND LIME
FOR BUILDING WORK.

So rapidly has the reconstruction of San Francisco pro¬
gressed during the last few months that the supply of build¬
ing material has been found entirely inadequate, and con¬
tactors at the present time are seriously embarrassed by
the scarcity of brick and lime. The situation is acute, and
in many places building operations are held up by the lack
of material. The price of brick has soared to fifteen dollars
a thousand. The burned brick left in the ruins are com¬
manding ten dollars a thousand. Purchasers, moreover,
are offering bonuses for the privilege of securing them.
The price of lime has gone up to three dollars a barrel and
as high as four dollars has been paid on special orders.

The lack of building material threatens to affect other
lines. This is already noticeable in the falling off in the
demand for horses for teaming purposes. In turn, this
has affected the hay market, and prices during the week
fell from twenty-five dollars to twenty-two dollars a ton.

Contractors explain that the lime and brick plants which
have ordinarily supplied San Francisco are unable to keep
pace with the demand. All the plants are working to full
capacity. An attempt is to be made at Santa Cruz to in¬
crease the output of lime, but no solution of the brick
problem is in sight.

After the fire of April, 1906, it was thought that brick
would become a drug on the market, but owners of pictur¬
esque ruins are able to dispose of the brick that compose
them for more than they originally cost. In some instances
purchasers of cleaned brick have offered to clear the lots
of debris after paying top prices for the brick.

It is stated by building contractors that the demand for
lime and brick will increase as the summer advances. They
predict that the coming months will witness building opera¬
tions on a greater scale than has ever been known in an
American city.

FIRES, DAMAGES AND LOSSES.

The large brick works owned by R. H. Montgomery one
mile west of Lewistown, Pa., was entirely destroyed by fire.
The loss is partly covered by insurance.

The issue of April 30th quoted a local paper stating that
the Weir Pottery Co. had brought suit against the Western
Stoneware Co., of Monmouth, Ills. This was a mis-state¬
ment, the suit was against A. D. Philpot and was brought
to clear a title.

The case of Harvey Conrad against the Keller Brick Co.,
Akron, Ohio, was taken from the jury and the jury in¬
structed to return a verdict for the defendant. Conrad was
sueing for $10,000 damages for the loss of a leg in a clay
crusher and a former trial gave a verdict of $500 damages
which was set aside.

The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Co. must
stand trial for giving rebates to the Grand Canyon Lime &
Cement Co., Nelson, Arizona, and the latter company must
defend itself against receiving rebates from the company.
Same to come up in the United States Circuit Court at Los
Angeles, Cal., before Judge Willborn.

In the last issue of the Clay Record it was reported that
the plant of the Wilson (Ct.) Brick Co., owned by F. H. &
F. N. Wilson, was entirely destroyed by fire. Later advice
gives the only loss that of the barns of the company, and
that the officers and ownership of the company are A. B.
Clapp, president, and F. H. Young, treasurer.

DAVIS PLANT PASSES TO METROPOLITAN CO.

The plant of the Cleveland Brick Co., Canton, O., has
passed into the hands of the Metropolitan Paving Brick
Co.

The deal, which has been pending for several weeks, has
been closed, and the new owners took immediate charge
of the property. In purchasing the plant, the company
paid the trustee in bankruptcy for the Cleveland Brick Co.
the sum of $46,000.

Besides the plant and equipment, the brick manufactured
on hand and material were also sold to the Metropolitan
Co. for about $6,000.

In connection with the acquiring of the brick plant the
Metropolitan company purchased from J. P. Fawcett, trus¬
tee in bankruptcy for W. L. Davis, the Davis farm of ninety-
three acres, and another tract adjoining of thirty-three
acres, for $19,000. This makes the total amount paid for
the plant and land adjoining, from which clay and shale
is secured, over $71,000.

The Metropolitan Paving Brick Co. has also taken an
option on a tract of land of eighteen acres, adjoining the
plant and belonging to William Frey. This land, Secretary
H. S. Renkert says, will be purchased. The price, however,
was not made public.

In speaking of the purchase of the Cleveland Brick Co.,
Mr. Renkert said: “The plant will be greatly improved and
equipped with modern brick-making machinery. We also
expect to add new kilns and in time to double the present
output. For the present the same force of men will be
employed and the plant operated right along.”

OLAY RECORD,

A ST. LOUIS COMPANY WILL MAKE IMPORT¬
ANT IMPROVEMENTS.

Important and extensive improvements to present facili¬
ties are contemplated for the coming year by the Ouachita
Pottery Co., 606 Century Building, St. Louis, Mo. This
company has been operating a test pottery plant at Hot
Springs, Ark., and is now installing a permanent plant in
which to manufacture high-class art ware, interior decora¬
tions and high-class ceramic work generally. It expects
later on to install near Hot Springs a plant for manufac¬
turing high-grade and press and glazed brick, roof and
ornamental tile and other products for which its Arkansas
pottery clay deposits are suitable. In Morgan county, Mis¬
souri, six miles northwest of Versailles, the company owns
1,720 acres of clay, shale and coal lands, and at its town
of Ouachita expects to install a plant with a daily capacity
of 300,000 bricks and general fire-clay products, including
fireproof articles. R. E. Bradford of St. Louis, president
and general manager of the Ouachita Pottery Co., says :
“We have one of the most peculiar deposits that I believe
there is in existence. We have a flint fire clay that is
equaled only by one other clay, and that deposit is located
in Gairnkirk, Scotland. We have drilled over 200 acres,
and find that we have a deposit from thirty-five to forty-five
feet over this entire acreage, and this does not cover the
entire deposit. We have located within 1,000 feet of the
flint fire-clay deposits another very peculiar deposit. We
have twenty-seven feet of plastic clay, which is covered by
three feet of stripping, and immediately below this fire clay
we have three feet of plastic shale, and immediately below
that we have six feet of bituminous coal, and then imme¬
diately below that we are down twenty-seven feet in a can-
nel coal. This plastic clay and coal and clay is covered
over a space of three-fourths of a mile wide by one mile
long. It is our intention to erect our plant within 1,000
feet of the two above deposits, which will be in a triangle
and immediately beside the Versailles and Sedalia railroad,
which was built for the purpose of developing this property.
A large stream of water fed by springs assures plenty of
water.”

THE IDEAL CONCRETE MACHINERY COM¬
PANY’S NEW CATALOGUE.

The above company has its main office at South Bend,
Ind., and a works that is as large as any in the United
States. They are the originators of the Ideal machine,
which makes the blocks face down. They are made strong,
beautiful and with economy.

The Ideal catalogue contains sixty-six pages, showing
designs of machines and their parts from the smallest sizes
to the extremely large ones, and from the making of the
ordinary concrete blocks to ornamental blocks, brick, col¬
umns, sills, posts, etc.

It shows many tests, gives formulas, the mixture, curing,
coloring, etc. The cost, number of blocks required for
any building, etc., and a dozen or more views of building
which show to what extent cement blocks can be used.

Write to them at South Bend, Ind., if you are interested
in concrete blocks.

FRENCH CHINA AGAIN ADMITTED AT OLD
VALUATION AND TROUBLE WITH
FRANCE IS AVOIDED.

NEW YORK, May 8. — Under a decision by Judge Byron
S. Waite of the United States general appraisers $100,000
worth of Limoges china imported by Haviland & Co. from
their factory at Limoges, was admitted at valuation which
will sustain the present prices on French china all through
this country.

Claims had been made that Limoges was undervalued
at the custom house, and for the purpose of making a test
the appraisers increased the valuation 720 per cent. The
result was that importation ceased, and, as this country
was the principal customer for the product, the factories
at Limoges had to close. Delegations of workmen appealed
to the French government for relief and Ambassador Jus-
serand took up the question with this government.

The decision puts the valuation virtually on the old basis,
so that importations will continue and work at Limoges
may be resumed.

♦♦♦— -

LACLEDE AND CHRISTY CORPORATIONS IN
REPORTED $4,000,000 DEAL.

Negotiations are pending for the consolidation of the
Laclede Fire Brick Co. and the Christy Fire Clay Co., St.
Louis, Mo., two of the oldest and largest concerns of this
kind in the United States. The plans of the merger have
progressed so far that the promoters expect to close the
deal this week and arrange for establishing one corporation.

The transaction involves about $4,000,000. The Laclede
Fire Brick Co. is capitalized at $500,000, and its properties
are valued at $2,000,000. The plant at Manchester and
Sulphur avenues covers about 115 acres. The company
employs 600 men.

The Christy Fire Clay Co. is capitalized at $200,000, and
its properties are valued at $1,000,000. The plant at Mor¬
gan Ford road and Gravois avenue covers about 450 acres,
and 500 men are employed.

The promoters hope to get several more companies in
merger, and it is said have obtained options.

John L. Green, vice-president of the Laclede Fire Brick
Co., stated that an agreement had been made to sell the
stock of his company. It was learned that several large
stockholders in the Christy Fire Clay Co. had given their
approbation to the merger, and that proposals had been
made to other stockholders.

James Green, president, owned virtually all the stock
of the Laclede Fire Brick Co. John L. Green, vice-presi¬
dent, said that this stock had been signed over to the merger
plan. Charles Parrott is secretary of this company.

C. M. Christy is president; William C. Morris, vice-
president, and R. D. Hatton, secretary of the Christ)' Fire
Clay Co. Some of the stock in this corporation is held in
Florida, and, as efforts are being made to acquire it with
the other holdings, no statement would be made about the
attitude of the Christy Fire Clay Co., but intimations were
given that agreements had been made for much of the stock.

Should the negotiations for the merger be realized, as
the promoters expect, it is possible that other St. Louis
fire brick and fire clay companies will be invited into the
new corporation. The Laclede and Christy companies will,
it is said, form a strong corporation.

CLKV RECORD.

FEDERAL BRICK COMPANY BEGINS ITS OP¬
ERATIONS.

The plans of the Federal Brick Company, a -New York
corporation, formed for the purpose of taking over by pur¬
chase the output of twenty or more of the brick manufac¬
turing plants of Southern New Englond, have been com¬
pleted, the new concern going into practical operation on
May I. William G. Titcomb of Providence, R. I., is presi¬
dent ; William L. Studley, also of Providence, R. I., is
treasurer ; Virgil M. Palmer of New Britain, Ct., is secre¬
tary, and Frank L. Stiles of North Haven, Ct., is general
manager. The headquarters of the company will be in
Providence, R. I., with branch offices in New Britain and
North Haven Ct.

The company is the outcome of negotiations that have
been under consideration for the past two years or more.
The plan under which the company has been organized
provides, according to the promoters of the project, for
the purchase by this corporation of the entire product of
the common brick manufactured by a score or more yards
throughout the southern section of New England that are
represented in the concern. These include yards at North
Haven, New Britain, Berlin, and several in the valley of
the Connecticut river north of Hartford, in Connecticut,
Taunton and Bridgewater, in Massachusetts, and Nayatt
in Rhode Island.

The approximate output of these yards is estimated at
250,000,000 brick per annum. This entire production is
controlled by the new company under contracts that extend
over a period of several years. President Titcomb said in
explanation of the purpose of the new company that the
Federal Brick Co. will act as selling and distributing agent.
This, it is believed, will prove beneficial to contractors,
manufacturers, employers and consumers as well.

A great saving in transportation charges will also be
made, as heretofore it was customary to ship brick from
distant point on orders which will, under the new arrange¬
ment, be filled from the nearest yards. This can easily be
done, as the company can contract with the various yards
interested and pay" the owners thereof each month for the
entire output of their plant. Thus the brick, although at
the yards of the several individual concerns, is the propertv
of the Federal Co., and merely remains at these points until
ordered to be sent to the destinations from which it is or¬
dered.

The men who are identified as the promoters of the new
company have had long, successful and practical experience
in the manufacture and handling of brick extending over
periods of from fifteen to thirty-five years, and are there¬
fore capable of managing and directing the affairs of such
a concern.

The only yard in Rhode Island that is included in the
operations of the Federal Brick Co. is the one at Nayatt,
that at Barrington not being on the list. President Tit¬
comb, when questioned regarding the Barrington plant,
said that the new company would in no manner affect
the handling of the output of the yards at Barrington, as
the product of that plant, which is of a high-grade finish¬
ing brick, will be sold, as heretofore, by the New England
Steam Brick Company.

With the single exception of the American Brick Co.,
all the brick manufacturing establishments that were mem¬
bers of the Central New England Brick Exchange have
been taken over by the Federal Co.

The brick that will come under the management of the
new company will be entirely what is known as common
building brick, and does not include the high-grade, finished
sewer or paving brick.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CATA¬
LOGUE.

Catalogue No. 6 of the Thew Automatic Shovel Co.,
Lorain O., is just off the press. This firm is the manu¬
facturer of high-grade steam shovels, excavators and
dredges for mines, smelters, blast furnaces, ore docks, brick
yards, cement works, railroads and contractors. They make
steam shovels from the No. o size, which is a twelve and
one-half ton shovel, to the type No. 8, which is a sixty-five
ton shovel, and running from a one-half cubic yard dipper
to one of three yards.

The Thew shovel is made in such sizes and types as to
meet any and every condition eucountered in the clay-work¬
ing industries. For ordinary clays and for outputs up to
60,000 brick the type No. o shovel is of ample capacity.
For more difficult clays or for larger outputs the type No.
1 is recommended. No. 2 is used for shales or fire clays
and is especially designed for such conditions. No. 3 is
used where the capacity of the yard is over 150,000 brick
daily, while type No. 4 Will be found equal to the severest
conditions in hard shale.

The shovel is not only a labor-saver and a money-saver,
but a time-saver and trouble-saver as well.

RECENT SALES MADE BY THE MARTIN

COMPANY.

The Henry Martin Brick Machine Manufacturing Com¬
pany of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, are forwarding at the
present time a carload of Improved Machinery to Winni¬
peg, Manitoba.

Mr. W. H. Carlon of Manchester, Virginia, is instal¬
ling a “Martin” Horse Power equipment complete, fur¬
nished by The Henry Martin Brick Machine Manufactur¬
ing Company of Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

The M. E. Jacobs Brick Company of Berlin, Connecti¬
cut, has contracted with the Henry Martin Brick Ma¬
chine Manufacturing Company of Lancaster, Pennsylvania,
to install a 50,000 daily capacity “Martin” Patented Rack
Pipe Steam Brick Dryer.

Mr. James E. Romig of Roslyn, Montgomery County,
Pennsylvania, has contracted with The Henry Martin
Brick Machine Manufacturing Company of Lancaster,
Pennsylvania, for a complete Brick Plant of 40,000 daily
capacity. This will be a modern equipment including the
“Martin” system of manufacturing, handling and drying
soft mud brick, automatically working the clay direct from
the clay bank to the kilns.

The Henry Martin Brick Machine Manufacturing Com¬
pany of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, have practically doubled
the capacity of their manufacturing plant at Lancaster,
Pennsylvania, and wilst they have been handling a larger
volume of engineering and constructional work in the
equipment of modern Brick Plants than they have ever
done heretofore, their facilities have enabled them to keep
ahead a very large supply of stock, so as to be prepared to
make immediate shipment of Brick Machines, Disinte¬
grators, Conveyors, Granulators, Shafting and Pulleys,
with the “Martin” Patent dryer complete, within a few
days after receipt of the contracts, carrying as many as
five such equipments of 50,000 daily capacity in stock.

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS

Lowellville, O., is to have a cement building brick plant.

Sears & Baker, Modesto, Cal., are promoting a $20,000
cement brick plant for that city.

G. C. Baldwin of Hoffman, N. C., is in the market for
machinery for making sand-lime brick.

The Raber-Wiltrout-Lang Co., Kendallville, Ind., has
been organized to manufacture cement tile.

A large concrete block and brick factory will soon be es¬
tablished at Uvalde, Texas, by J. H. Gearhart.

A company has been organized at Bancroft, la., with
$50,000 capital stock to make cement drain tile.

A $100,000 sand-lime brick plant is to be established at
San Antonio, Texas, by D. B. Sanders, G. H. Craft and
others.

J. C. Mapes of Palacis, Texas, has purchased a site and
machinery, and will put up an up-to-date cement brick
factory.

The National Glass Brick Co., Pittsburg, Pa., capitalized
at $300,000 will build a glass brick plant at Reynolds-
ville, Pa.

The Cheyenne (Wyoming) Cement Block & Brick Co.
has just put in a cement brick machine and will turn out
10,000 cement brick daily.

J. L. Scofield of the Miles City (Mont.), Real Estate
Exchange, desires to organize a company for the manu¬
facture of sand-lime brick.

The Denbigh (N. Dak.) Brick Co. are about ready to
operate their plant. A side track one-half mile long is being "
put in by the Great Northern Ry.

The Sandstone Brick & Lime Co., Granite Falls, Wash.,
has secured a location on the Chas. Nobles place and will
establish a plant. M. S. Shaw is the manager.

The New Era Brick & Con. Co., Milwaukee, Wis., has
been incorporated with $10,000 capital stock by Jacob
Harmes, Robert J. Barth and Michael Rohlinger.

The Xenia (O.) Sand-Lime Brick Co., has been organ¬
ized with $30,000 capital stock by A. W. Anderson, Grant
Miller, Charles Darlington, J. D. Steele, and H. W. Eaney.

The United States Granite Brick Co., Granger Block,
Los Angeles, Cal., are installing the machinery in their
plant, 1 6th and Alameder Sts., and will soon be on the
market with sand-lime brick.

The Granite Brick Co., Dublin and Michigan Ave., Co¬
lumbus, Ohio, is doing a fine business and expects to double
the capacity of the plant within the next three months.
They have just issued a new catalogue. O. P. Lenox is
the president.

The Kansas City Gray Brick Co. have been turning out
sand-lime brick at their Bonner Spring, Kansas, plant for
a month. The company has $200,000 capital stock and E.
D. Steger of Bonham, Texas, is the president, R. N. Soper,
secretary and treasurer.

The Unit Brick & Tile Co., Charlotte, N. C., has been in¬
corporated with $50,000 capital stock. The company will
manufacture concrete brick and roofing tile under the Saw¬
yer patents. Stockholders are Paul Chatham, F. M. Saw¬
yer, J. W. Hass, and L. B. Johnson.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

Briggs Brothers are putting up a brick works at Imbler,
Oregon. •

The G. T. Harvey Co. have established a plant for the
manufacture of drain tile at Harrisburg, Ark.

Several of the business men of Morehead, Kansas, have
met for the purpose of locating a brick works in that town.

Belfrey, Mont., is to have a $25,000 capacity brick works.
Parties from out of the city have secured ground on which
to put the plant.

Dunkirk, N. Y., is to have a brick-making plant, the old
plant of the Dunkirk, Ice & Fuel Co. having been pur¬
chased. C. S. Putnam of Cassadaga will be in charge.

C. C. Martin of Watseka, Ills., is considering the start¬
ing of a brick and tile works at Shelbina, Mo. The Com¬
mercial Club have a proposition from him before him.

A 60-h.p. electric motor will drive the machinery of the
Cresco (Iowa) Brick & Tile Co. this season. New kilns
will also be built and the plant operated at its fullest capac¬
ity.

A company to manufacture drain tile and brick is being
organized at Hanska, Minn. Anton Ouren, Theodore
Thormedson, and Editor Eggensperger are the chief pro¬
moters.

Three brick works will be operated at De Pere, Wis.,
this year. They are John Roffers, John Hoekers and A.
Van Lanen. Preparations are now being made for start¬
ing them up.

The Kingman (Ind.) Tile Works has been sold by J. J.
Hobson to Marion Howery and his son, C. E. Howery and
will be known as Howery & Son. Mr. Howery comes from
Danville, Ills.

William Leach has sold one half of his stock in the Clay
Center (Kansas) Brick Co. to George White of Lawrence,
who will take charge of the plant. Mr. White is an expe¬
rienced clay man.

Lincoln Shackleford of the Shackleford Brick Co., Des-
Moines, Iowa, has purchased the Melbourne (la.) Brick
& Tile Co. plant and will spend $5,000 on improvements
and increasing its capacity.

The Budwig & Meyers Clay Mfg. Co., Birmingham,
Ala., has been incorporated with $10,000 capital stock. J.
E. Budwig is president; Henry E. Meyers, secretary and
treasurer and R. H. Kerr, vice-president.

Herman Schroeder of Shakopee, Minn., has bought the
Blakeley (Minn.) Brick & Terra Cotta Co. from I. N. Dean
and will enlarge and operate same as well as his plant at
Shakopee. Adolph Schroeder will manage the Blakeley
plant.

The directors of the Forbes Realty Co., in Rensselear,
N. Y., composed mostly of Troy capitalists, and who con¬
trol the commercial interests on the historic manor grounds,
have under consideration the organization of a mammoth
brick company.

The town corporation and the business men’s association
of Bloomingdale, Ind., will give a bonus of $2,500 to a
Brazil company that will build a 8-kiln clay works. A lo¬
cation has been decided upon in Coke Oven Hollow on the
C., H. & D. Ry.

CLHV RECORD.

The Wadsworth (O.) Brick Co. are now building new
kilns at its plant to accommodate the growing business.

The St. Louis & Greenville Pressed Brick Co., East St.
Louis, Ills., has changed its name to St. Louis-Collinsville
Pressed Brick Co. ,

The North Branch Plastic Clay Co., of Carter Co., Ky.,
has been incorporated with $10,000 capital stock. The in¬
corporators are J. C. and J. M. Hatcher of Kilgore and F.
L. Stewart of Louisa.

The Indiana Sewer Pipe Co. is laying the foundations
for a new sewer pipe plant at Mecca, Ind., the Marion
Brick Co. has also bought 14 acres of clay land and ex¬
pects to build another large plant there.

Under the name of the National Brick Co., a number of
Los Angeles, Cali., men have organized for the manufac¬
ture of brick. Their yard is at Newmark on the Salt Lake
Ry. They have 35,000 capacity soft mud brick making
outfit.

The Oberlin (O.) Brick & Tile Co., has been incorpor¬
ated with $12,000 capital stock by D. A. Gager, Allen E.
Griffin, Volney McRoberts, Charles I. Vance, and L. E.
Burgner. They will operate the Oberlin Brick & Tile
Works.

The Peerless Brick Co., Williamson, W. Va., will estab¬
lish a plant to manufacture building brick. They will
make 30,000 brick daily and will want machinery, steam
shovel and kilns. E. S. Juhling is its general manager;
T. B. Jones, superintendent, and A. C. Pinson, secretary
and treasurer.

Brainard, Minn., is to have a brick yard which will be
built north of the city on the M. & I. Ry.

Manitowoc, Wis., contractors are paying $700 per thou¬
sand for second-hand brick on acount of the scarcity of new
brick.

The Springgarden Brick Co., York, Pa., has secured a
contract to furnish Baltimore contracting firms with 2,000,-
000 brick.

The trustee of the B. K. Enamel Brick Co., Leavitts-
burg, Ohio, has sold the plant to the Leavittsburg Brick
Company, for $14,000.

The brick plant now being built by the Columbus, (O.)
and Hocking Coal & Iron Co., near Straitsville is being
rushed rapidly to completion.

The Trenton (Mo.) Brick & Tile Co. will equip their
plant so as to make paving as well as common brick. G. M.
Wolz is the manager of the company.

Mayor Schmidt of Wheeling, W. Va., has a plan to make
all inmates of the workhouse engage in the manufacture of
brick using the shale deposit near the workhouse.

The Deckman-Duty Brick Co., Cleveland, Ohio, have in¬
creased the capital stock of the company from $35,000 to
$150,000. Charles Deckman is president and Spencer M.
Duty, secretary.

A party of surveyors are laying out the ground for a 30,-
000 brick factory at Grand Junction, Colo., for H. Kern
who will start to build soon as survey is complete. The
company has been incorporated as the Grand Junction
Brick Co.

The New San Francisco Continuous Kiln

is the only CONTINUOUS KILN having regenerative furnaces for burning bricks with CRUDE OIL or POWDERED COAL

This kiln has the greatest thermic efficiency, for the following
reasons:

FIRST — A perfect system of regulating the velocity of gases
through the kiln.

SECOND— No excess of air, such as is required in UP-DRAFT or
DOWN-DRAFT kilns.

THIRD — Perfect air recuperation.

FOURTH — Perfect combustion.

FIFTH — Doss by radiation reduced to a minimum.

SIXTH — No cold air admitted with the fuel in the combustion
chambers.

SEVENTH — Heat generated instantaneously.

EIGHTH — No delays, no waiting for the coal or other fuel to
ignite, as in the ordinary continuous kiln.

NINTH— The burning bricks receive the full benefit of all the heat
produced, as the combustion chambers are contiguous to the kiln.

TENTH — The amount of heat generated is at least 100$ greater
than that produced by coal screenings dropped between the burning
bricks in a given length of time, in the ordinary continuous kiln.

CONSTRUCTION

This kiln can be constructed with 10$ less material than the ordi¬
nary continuous kiln.

The outside and inside walls, etc., are left down to a point four
feet below the coal-floor line of the ordinary continuous kiln, the arch
only being built above this line.

There are no BAGS or BAG WADES to take down and rebuild
when the kiln doors are opened and sealed up.

Has no complicated system of flues.

Has no complicated system of GAS PRODUCERS.

Can be arranged for utilizing the surplus heat with a blower, no
chimney being required in this case.

This system applied to a HOFFMAN K.IEN will increase its capac¬
ity at least 1(30 per cent.

WILLIA/V*. A. BUTLER, Patentee, 34 Parkside Ave. San Francisco, Cal.

♦

Union, Mo., now has a brick works in full operation.

The plant of the Federal Clay M’f’g Co., formerly the
Smith Brick Works at Newburyport, Mass., has been sold
and is to be dismantled and the machinery sold.

The Lebanon (O.) Pressed Brick Co. has been incorpor¬
ated with $30,000 capital stock by W. H. Hopping, Geo.
Shimp, B. C. Howell, C. W. Ivins and William Evans.

The Gladding, McBean & Co., terra cotta, brick and pot¬
tery works at Lincoln, Cal., is to be enlarged again this year,
increasing both the brick and terra cotta departments.

The Union Brick Co., Iola, Kansas, are now burning their
paving brick with oil instead of gas. This is the first com¬
pany in Allen county, Kansas, to burn paving brick with oil.

The Zuber Drain Tile Co., Columbia City, Ind., has been
incorporated with $10,000 capital stock. Directors are
Philip Zuber, L. C. Eganson, C. J. Eganson and S. T. Egan-
son.

Joseph Wild of Morton, Minn., is considering the build¬
ing of a brick plant in St. Louis Co., 35 miles from Duluth,
Minn., on the D. M. & N. Ry., where a fine bed of brick clay
has been found.

The Francisville (Ind.) Clay Products Co. has been in
corporated with $50,000 capital stock ; the officers are O. T.
Higgins, president ; William Schaleman, vice president ; J.
L. Beesley, treasurer and secretary.

The Nelson Vitrified Brick Co., Mound Valley, Kansas,
has increased its capital stock from $50,000 to $100,000
and purchased the Peter Schlomer gas field embracing 17
wells so that they will be well supplied with fuel. They
make 100,000 paving brick daily.

To IMake
The

W i nning
Bid

The Ideal Concrete Ma¬
chine makes it possible
to cut your bid with¬
out cutting you profit.

It is impossible to underbid
the contractor who manufactur¬
ers his own Ideal Concrete Build¬
ing Blocks with an Ideal Con¬
crete Machine.

The marvelous simplicity and
rapidity of the Ideal Machine
makes it possible to produce
Ideal Concrete Blocks at a cost
that makes the lowest bid a prof¬
itable one. May be successfully
operated by any one without
previous experience or
other assistance.

Ideal Blocks are
adapted to any possible
architectural design,
and excel all other
materials in fire and
weather-proof qualities

ECU-*. . _.Ji - :£ * * " 1

IDEAL

Concrete Machinery

Embodies the only principle (faced
down) permitting the use of rich
facing material with less expensive
material in back of blocks. Adaptable to the manufacture of five different
systems of blocks— Hollow, Solid, Veneer, Two-piece, and Continuous, in
various shapes and sizes. 0The same machine makes countless designs of face,

and natural stoneeffect. (See illustration.)

Practically everlasting. Not a chain, spring,
wheel or cog in its construction. Catlog and
valuable facts orf builders free on application.

IDEAL CONCRETE MACHINERY CO.

Dept. W South Bend Ind.

W. H C. Mussen & Co., Montreal, Canada
Sole Agents for Canada

M. V. B. Morris has traded the Wayland (Iowa) Brick
and Tile Works to William Schultz for a farm.

A. R. Button has located a 40,000 capacity brick works
at Big Fork, Minn., near his saw mill, and has secured an
expert brick-maker to operate same.

The Birmingham, (Mich.) Brick & Tile Co. are now
operating their plant, having put the finishing touches on
the buildings the first of the month.

John B. McGorrick of Des Moines, la., has taken option
on the Merrill Brick Co.’s plant for both rental and to pur¬
chase it. The plant has a 30,000 brick daily capacity.

The Haskell (Texas) Brick Co. has been incorporated
, with $5,000 capital stock. Incorporators are J. N. McFat-
ter, G. R. Couch, M. A. Clifton, R. E. Sheriff and R. C.
Montgomery.

Dr. A. Reichard has purchased the Paola (Kansas)
Brick & Tile Works of Albert Merrill, and has started same
in operation. Charles Bumgarner, a well-known brick
manufacturer, will manage the factory.

O. W. Buck has secured another brick plant for Tyro,
Kansas. This one will be located just north of the one just
finished and will be called the Tyro Vitrified Brick Co., cap¬
ital stock, $60,000. C. H. Pocock will be secretary, and O.
W. Buck, manager.

The J. T . Watson Brick Co., Danville, Va., has been in¬
corporated with $20,000 capital stock. Officers are M. G.
Watson, president; John T. Watson, Jr., secretary and
treasurer and M. Johnson, vice president. They take over
the John T. Watson plant.

DIRECT HEAT

— FOP -

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

62=64 William St. NEW YORK CITY

CLHY RECORD.

The Paul Brick Co., El Paso, Texas, is preparing to
double the output of their plant.

The Nevada Brick Co., Reno, Nev., has completed their
plant at Fourth and Vine streets, and will soon make 30,000
brick daily.

Welch Bros., managers of the new brick company which
is to soon start work in the Nicholl tract, at Richmond, Cal.,
has contracted for the building of their factory.

The Cleveland Brick Co.’s plant at Canton, O., has been
sold to Metropolitan Paving Brick Co. for $71,000. The
sale is one of the results of the Canton State Bank failure.

George N. Dyer, Gardner, Mass., has sold his brick yard
property to Cyril Caron of Troy, N. H., who will discon¬
tinue making brick and manufacture cement blocks, on ac¬
count of the clay being exhausted.

The Howkim Brick Co., Guthrie, Okla., has been incor¬
porated with $25,000 capital stock by Helen Kirnber of St.
Joseph, Mo., James Howard of Cottonwood Falls, Kan.,
and L. E. Squire of Guthrie, Okla.

The Electric City Clay Brick Co., Schenectady, N. Y.,
which has been purchased by F. N. Stevens of Sherman,
Can., has been remodeled and new machinery put in, so
they can now make 60,000 brick daily.

I. J. Harris & Sons of Burton, O., have optioned the.Bun-
stetter tile plant at Wooster, O., for sixty days, and will
incorporate a $20,000 company to purchase same, after *
which they will greatly improve the capacity.

A company has been organized and capital subscribed to
operate a brick plant at Middlebourne, W. Va.

The Waynesburg ( Pa.) Brick and Stone Co. is installing
a thirty-horse-power gas engine at its plant on Smith creek.

The Theriault Red Brick Co., Chippewa Falls, Wis., have
put in new boilers and the latest-improved machinery in their
plant.

The Sutton & Sinsapaugh and the Powell & Minnock
brick companies have decided not to operate their yards at
Coeymaus, N. Y., this season.

The Mohawk (Tenn.) Sewer Pipe Co. has been incorpo¬
rated with $12,000 capital stock. C. N. Weaver, S. E.
Moore and J. A. D. Haun are the incorporators.

The Davenport (la.) Tile Construction Co. has been in¬
corporated with $20,000 capital stock. The officers are :
J. M. Kemp, president ; J. T. Kemp, vice-president, and
William Krombach, secretary and treasurer.

The Pacific Clay Co., Oakland, Cal., has purchased
twenty-five acres of land adjoining the Hyfire Brick Co.’s
plant at Vallejo, and will erect at once a plant employing
seventy-five hands. This is the fourth company building
on Napa creek within one year.

The Latonia (Ky.) Brick Co. has been incorporated with
$20,000 capital stock. Officers are: Julius Herlick of Lex¬
ington, president ; R. E. Carlton of Latonia, vice-president ;
Walter Ritter of Latonia, treasurer; B. D. Berry of Lexing¬
ton, secretary. The plant will make 40,000 brick daily, and
be located on the Bowler property.

The Ideal Brick Kiln

SHOULD *BE

Cheap and durable and have a big daily capacity.

In order to save fuel it should be of the continuous type.

The heat from the already burned cooling bricks should
preferably be used to lighten the burning proper.

The different stages of the burning process should always
be easily observable. Such one is the

CEIMELEWSKI PATENT KILN

Dr. HERMAN RABERGH

Sole Agent in the U. S. A. and Canada

24 Cottage Ave. ~ Fitchburg, Mass.

i^— — — ■ — —

CLHY RECORD.

FOR SALE

W. H. VANDER HAYDEN,

Ionia, Mich

BRICK AND TILE MACHINERY AT SACRIFICE

Where a country is tiled, factories are offered
complete, or in part. Cheap. Have several Brewer
Mills for sale, and others.

Engines, Boilers, Crushers. Drying Pipes, etc. If
you wish to buy or sell write

Brick and Tile Machinery

Secor, Ill.

A MANUFACTURING PROPOSITION

We install and equip complete plants for manu¬
facture of Egyptian Plaster Plates, the popular new
building material now in great demand. It’s inex¬
pensive and modern. Nailed on like boards. Only
a small investment, and you have exclusive territory
protected by patents.

Egyptian Sheet Plaster Co.

Jackson, Mich.

BRICK PLANT WANTED

Wanted to buy an interest in a pressed or paving
brick plant located in Central States and having
down draft kilns, or wiB take a position as manager
with privilege to purchase an interest.

Address: “Manager” Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Illinois

BRICK YARD FOR SALE

Good clay, good down draft Kilns; plenty of water;
good local demand; good shipping facilities. Address:
STATE BANK OF HAMILTON,

Hamilton, Illinois.

FOR SALE

Modern Soft Mud Plant, city 12,000, good business,
good prices, abundance of clay and sand. Address,

Wm. M. REED,
Princeton; Ind.

FOR SALE CHEAP

Two American Clay Machinery Company’s No. 23,
combined brick machines, with repair parts sufficient
to make machine first-class. Capacity 7500 to 10000
per hour. Greatest bargain Write for particulars.

GREAT EASTERN CLAY CO.

39 Cortland St., New York.

FOR SALE

One Chambers pug mill, practically new, sufficiently
large for any output. A first class machine in every
respect. Address

ALONZO CURTIS BRICK CO.,

Grant Park, Ills.

PRACTICAL MAN WANTED

A large coal mining company having a fine
deposit of Sewer-pipe, Terra Cotta, Tile or Brick
Clay wishes some practical man to help develope
same. An exceptionally good chance for the right
party. Address:

“ILLINOIS” Care Clay Record

Chicago, Illinois

PLANT FOR SALE

A first-class tile and brick plant in best part of
Iowa. Capacity 15000 brick or tile in proportion.
Reason for selling, age. For particulars write to
H. L- SWIFT, Riverside, Iowa

MACHINERY FOR SALE

The following machinery not used by us but all
in good condition, will be sold at very reasonable
prices.

One Penfield Single Mould Power Re-Press, capa¬
city 10,000 a day.

Two Fate Company Bensing Automatic Side cut¬
ting tables. American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave., New York.

FOR SALE

For Sale— 75 Acres; 60 feet of ^hale.

10 feet of Fire Clay, 3 feet of Coal developed.
Excellent conditions Railroad track.

Price, $15,000. Address.

NEW CENTRAL COAL CO

Terre Haute, Ind.

POSITION WANTED

Young man with experience wants position as
manager or superintendent, stiff mud brick yard
Can bring men to fill all the important positions
from foreman, burners'and setters down.

Willing to go anywhere. Best references.

Address R, Care CLAY RECORD,

Chicago, Illinois.

ENGINES AND BOILERS

Corlis engines, 20x48, 18x36, 16x42, 12x36. Also 40
other sizes and styles in stock.

Boilers, Tubular, 84x18, 78x16, 72x18. Also 60 other
styles and sizes in sfock.

Send specifications of your requirements and we
will make you a proposition that will interest you.

THE RANDLE MACHINERY CO.

1732 Powers St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

A COMPLETE BRICK-MAKING OUTFIT
FOR SALE CHEAP

We are consolidating our paving brick plants. This
throws out of use.

One Center Crank, 100 horse power Engine.

Two Boilers, 50 horse power each.

One Feed Pump.

One eight foot Frost Dry Pan, wood frame,

One Elevator. One Pug Mill.

One Augur Machine, 50,000 capacity.

One Freese Automatic Cutter.

Shafting, Pulleys and Belting. All in good working
order and valued at over $5000. Will sell same cheap.
Immediately delivery

„STREATOR PAVING BRICK CO.

Streator, Illinois

FOR SALE.

Bight and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOB SALE— CHEAP— New and re-laying rails, 12,
16, 20 and 25 pound. For prices, address

ATLAS CAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

KAOLIN FOR SALE

Have just discovered and offer for sale the finest
quality of Kaolin ever mined in Georgia, or the south.

L. T. LEE, Zenith, Ga.

FOR SALE

Clay Disintegrator, new $50.00; Tempering Wheel
used only two seasons $-i5.(X).

C. EUGENE KEMP
306 Locust St., Williamsport, Pa.

PLANT FOR SALE

On account of too much other business to look after
I will give you a bargain 011 a first-class brick and
tile plant located at Edg?wood, Clayton County,
Iowa. For particulars write.

S. L- CLARK, Redfield, So. Dak

MACHINERY FOR SALE

Soft mud outfit manufactured by the American
Clay Working Machinery Co., consisting of Upright
Stock Brick Machines direct attached Pug Mill,
Mold Sander, Brick Molds, 5 Leaf Dump Table, 10,000
Wooden Palletis. All in fine condition; very reas¬
onable price. Apply to

BALTIMORE VITRIFIED BRICK CO.

Baltimore, Md.

PARTNER WANTED

A good, reliable man of experience, with some
capital to invest in and take charge of a new Dry
Press Brick Plant. Plenty of shale, and good mar¬
ket for all the brick. Address

DENIS, care Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

We offer for sale at a sacrifice the fol¬
lowing BOY l) Presses ■

One 3 Hold Standard 1891 Pattern
Two 4 nold Standard 1897 Pattern

All in good condition. Inspection in¬
vited. Immediate shipment.

Harrison= Walker Refactories Co.,
Farmers Bank Building,

Pittsburgh, Pa.

MEN WANTED

Six men experienced in Hollow block manufac¬
turing. highest wages; no labor trouble. Apply to
605 Diamond Bank Building I Ohio Clay Products Co.
Pittsburg, Pa. | Salineville, Ohio.

FOR SALE OR TRADE.

Two Brick and Tile Plants in Iowa and Illinois,
now running. Address,

THE KILN DOCTOR,

514 Fourth Street, Dayton, Ohio.

FOR SALE

A good Road Machinery Co.’s make, No. 4 Cham¬
pion Crusher, in perfect condition; very little used;
no reasonable offer refused.

OHIO Cl, AY PRODUCTS CO.

605 Diamond Bank Bldg. ,

Pittsburg, Pa.

Good Opportunities

Pressed Brick

Hope, Arkansas now has four rail¬
roads with two others making surveys,
everything moving steadily upward. Fine
climate, water, churches and schools; 4,000
inhabitants, etc.

1 st-Fine clay on I.M.& S. Ry., abundant and
cheap, one mile from corporation; will make
finest of pressed brick, and I have samples
of brick to show you now. Two parties (one
of experience will invest a few thousand
dollars and manage the plant if agreeable;
he lately made the samples referred to.)
More capital is wanted to establish a $25,000
plant. Good market and good price.

2nd — Good white fire clay about three
miles from railroad.

3rd — Tiling, flower pot, hanging baskets
and all such clays to be had five miles from
Hope, at low figures, but the pressed brick
plant is the thing now.

4th — Good chance for one with experience
and capital to establish a cement building
block plant and do this line of work, as well
as general cement work, here and at many
points aronnd Hope.

5th. — We have asphaltum and other oil
and gas indications near Hope; come and I
will show you something and give you leases
free to test.

6th.— Many chances here to make money
in town property; also in fruit, truck and
general farm lands. Come and investigate.
See Bradstreet and Dun. Write our Banks
as to myself. Address A. P. DYKE, Hope,
Ark.

STONE MAKING
MONEY MAKING

By the PETTYJOHN System
More Pettyjohn Concrete
Block Machiens in use than
any other — there’s a reason.

Machines from $35 to $275.

Guaranteed in every way and
shipped on trial anywhere.

Let us tell you how to start a
Stone - Making- Money- Mak¬
ing factory in YOUR town.

Our catalog of concrete facts
is free. '

The Pettyjohn Company

622 N. 6th St.. - TERRE HAUTE. IND.

Paper Joggers quoted.

R. A. HART. 41 Whitest.,

No belter made, cut troir
SB and SID. lo

4 Wheel, $3 00

5 Wheel. <F3.25

Guaranteed.
Sold by all d alers

BATTLE CREEK, UI0H

THE WONDER OF THE AGE

Grateless Furnace
Kiln

For Up-Draft Clamp
Kilns and Down-Draft
Kilns remodeled; also
plans for new Kilns
furnished. Yard rights
for sale.

Write for particulars to

F. E. SWIFT

514 West Fourth St.
Dayton Ohio.

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902

S A OH NAW , Ad I C HE .

Improved Komnick Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

rj-i -pyi

CLAY WORKER’S HAND-BOOK

A Manual for all Engaged in the
Hanufacture of Articles from Clay

JUST OUT : : PRICE $2.00

NOW READY— A TREATISE ON

PRODUCER-GAS and
GAS-PRODUCERS

BY AN ACKNOWLEDGED AUTHORITY.

A 300-page book containing thirty chapters, giving the fundamental
principles and definitions, calculations, classifications, manufacture and
use; the fuel, the requirements, the history, its by-products, Producer-
Gas for firing kilns, steam boilers, and power plants. The
future of the Gas-producer and a bibliography.

OVER 100 CHOICE ILLUSTRATIONS— PRICE, $4.00.

A subscription to the CLAY RECORD for one year without additional
charge to those that are not now subscribers.

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO, ILL.

Main Yard and Office Branch Yard Banister River,

South Boston, Va. Branoh N. 4 W. Ry.

; BOSTON -BRICK COMPANY
Manufacturers of Plain and Fancy
Brick., Cement Brick and Blocks
H. W. Cosby, Superintendent and General Manager.

South Boston, Va., January 19, 1907.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co.,

Marion, Ind.

Gentlemen: —

Yours truly,

Signed by H. W. Cosby, Supt. and Gen. Mgr. BOSTON BRICK CO.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co.

Marion, Ind.

FOR SALE

A Fine Opportunity

The Tiffin Wagon Company, * * Tiffin, Ohio

Chicago Brick Machinery Co., Chicago, u. s. a

Saves on height of building. This Screen is stationary and has
no cross wires, but is set at a 45 degree angle, and the vibration
of the tightly strung wires screens the clay and
keeps the screen clean. For Dry Press and
Stiff Clay Plants. |

The New Vibratory Piano
Wire Screen consists of steel
channel side frames bolted to
cast iron cross heads. In the
lower cross head are fixed pins around which
the wires are looped and in the upper cross head
turned tapered pins fit into drilled tapered
holes. Accurate spacing of wires is secured by threaded rods used as
bridges. This screen will successfully screen the product of a 9-foot
Dry Pan for Dry Press or two pans for Wire Cut brick on an average
clay through an average mesh. Weight, 1,200 pounds.

New Vibratory Piano Wire Screen

MANGANESE

FOR. ALL USES.

I^j Mp(jRAiN^° Ground

60-70 °/o 70-Q0% 80-9094 OXIDE.

Clay Workers 'Goods a .Specialty

SAMPLES and PRICES on INQUIRY.

KENDALL & FLICK

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventative for soum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

905 NP W VrtPK P‘ °* ®°x
Pearl Stroot “ * VJJQIV 171*

SCHOOL and OFFICE.

Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. Largest of
our abridgments. Regular and Thin Paper
editions. Unsurpassed for elegance and con¬
venience. 1116 pages and 1400 illustrations.

Write for “The Story of a Book”— Free.
G..4 C. MERRIAM CO., Springfield, Mass.
GET THE BEST.

Clay Record

Is semi-monthly
It Costs

One Dollar

A Year

G. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

rnmmAM m. A 1 V !■■■»' A V

Something New In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Dennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of advantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April 14,
1903 and September 8, 1903.
Brick plants installed and
put in operation. W rite for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water St., Norfolk, Va.

v w V VVAAAA

FIRE! FIRE!
EXTINGUISHERS

For all Purposes

“Utica” No. 2 for Homes

“ No. 3 “ Factories

“ No. 4 “ Fire Departments

“ No. 7 “ Launches and Cars

“ No. 8 “ Steamships and Cars

“CHILDS” for Insurance requirements.
Approved, Tested and Labeled by the
Underwriters’ Laboratories

O. J. CHILDS COMPANY

Sole Manufacturers

UTICA - - - N. Y.

Absolutely safe and reliable. Ask your friends

A WOODEN TOWER

W. E. CALDWELL CO., - Louisville, Ky.

Is a source of annoyance and danger. It is
liable to rot and collapse at any time. A

CALDWELL STEEL TOWER

is safe, staunch and durable and will carry
four times the weight of the filled tank.
Expensive labor is not necessary to erect
these outfits, your own men can do it. We
furnish all plans.

Send for illustrated catalogue and price list.

PERFECTION BRICK MOULDS

PATENTS® JAN. 28, 1902.

These are the
kind of Brick
Moulds the Brick
Makers have al¬
ways wanted but
could not get till
now. "You can
get a mould that
the vents are
right all the time
No change
whether the
Mould is ret or
dry. Try a sam¬
ple order. Satis¬
faction guaran¬
teed.

THE ARHOLD-GREAGER CO.

Manufacturer* of Brick Machinery
and Supplies of all Kind*.

NEW LONDON, OHIO.

■

TWO PAPERS FOR THE PRICE OF ONE

THE CONCRETE AGE is the leading paper of its class in
this country — 64 large pages profusely illustrated. Shows
pictures and floor plans; cost, etc., of all kinds of build¬
ings of concrete construction. Ably edited. Invaluable to
every architect and builder. The price is $.100 per year.

THE SOUTHERN ARCHITECT is an ideal paper in its field.
Shows views, plans, cost, etc., of the better class of buildings
being erected in the south. Price is $ .00 per year. Every
issue is worth price of year’s subscription.

: BOTH PARERS FOK. $1.00

For a limited time only we will send both papers one year for
$1.00. Send us $1.00, check, stamps, money order, or currency,
and both papers, The Concrete Age and The Southern
Architect, will come to you twelve months. Subscribe today.

THE SOUTHERN ARCHITECT IVla^tI46 1*j}.

• AAAAi

„ Their Occurence, Properties and Uses

^ With special reference to those of the

United States, by Heinrich, Ries Ph. D.

8 Vol. 490 pages, 65 figures, 44 plates

PRICE $5.00 NET

Clay Record Publishing Co.,

Chicago, Illinois

yy.

m«IIBII!IHBIHIIIIiiiJIINl»lll»imillllR

Brick Moulds and
Brick Barrows

With Moulds and Barrows it is not the first ’

cost, but it is, will they last? We have made
them for over 30 years and know your wants. ^

AH kinds and shapes. A trial order will oon- '

vinoe. ,

James B. Crowell & Son,

Wallkill, N. Y.

■■■■■SfllHIHIlIBHHIBIMIIIIIMlIBHRB!
•♦•♦•♦•♦•♦•♦•♦•♦•♦•♦•♦•♦•♦•♦•♦•♦•♦•♦SO

H. JVE. DEAVITT, !!

PRACTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMIST,

Garden City Block, J |

CHICAGO. \ \

Analyses of Clay, Sand, Lime, Cement Materials and ] [
Shales a specialty. ( I

Special attention given to the preparation of Clay Pro- < >
ducts from the raw material. • 1 !

A well equipped laboratory and long experience in this <
branch of work enables us to give expert reports on obtaining < ,
glazes on refractory materials.

All enquiries in regard to the above will reoeive prompt < >
attention. { >

Pm” Qas and

1 iCW Cia Gasoline Engines

and GAS PRODUCERS

If you want a perfect built, and successful running Gas
Engine, order the New Era, which has our Patented Water
Jacketed Solid Cylinder Head, requiring no Packing. We
use a Strap Style Connecting Rod, which never breaks, Aux=
iliary and Regular Exhaust, Make and Break Electric Igniter.
We have more good points in the construction of the New Era
than anv other Gas Engine built. Sizes from \yz to 150 Horse
Power ,

For Catalogue and further information, write to

THE NEW ERA GAS ENGINE GO ■ AVk

JEFFREY "B" CONVEYORS

WILL. HANDLE

YOUR PRODUCT ECONOMICALLY

New York, Chicago, Boston, St. kouis and Denver.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE
No. 69,

Describing Rubber
Belt Conveyors.

CATALOGUE

No. 75

Describes our Brick
Conveyor System.

ADDRESS THE

JEFFREY MFO. CO.

COLUMBUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

Grinding Pans— Dry and Wet

Tell us the kind of material and capacity you
have and we will quote you accordingly.

We make CRUSHERS also.

HICKS CLAY CO.

MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF

Best grade clays which can be manufactured into
anything known to the clay trade.

We have an inexhaustible supply covering 230
acres and 70 feet deep. Unexcelled facilities for prompt
shipments and can load any amount at any time.

All clays 75 cents per ton, f. o. b. for this year only.

We also offer special inducements for parties desiring
to locate and will entertain any legitimate proposition
even to furnishing one-half of the capital for any sized
plant.

We are located advantageously at junction point of
the Chicago & Alton R. R. and also on the C. B. & Q.,
70 miles north of St. Rouis, Mo.

Samples and analysis of all clays sent free upon
request. Correspondence solicited.

H. C. WORCESTER, Secy. CHAS. T. HICKS, Pres.

R00DH0USE. ILL. DRAKE, ILL.

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,

■ • |_ ( Patented . )

CLHY RECORD.

Steel

Built Right,

Price Right,

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

A well-tried and
proven Success.

Write Us

ALL STYLES

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

NILES, OHIO

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

CLHY RECORD,

jsthur Korpel Company

Steel Double Side Dump Cars of
^ Every Description

Complete Installation of

Industrial and Portable

RAILROADS

Immediate Delivery

Of Portable Track, Steel Dump Cars,
Switches, Frogs, Turntables, Rails,
Dryer Cars, Transfer Cars etc.

Write for Catalog No. 48

ARTHUR

KOPPEL

COMPANY

135 Morris Bldg., New York 1641-6 Monadnock Block, Chicago
53 Oliver Street, Boston 1606 Machesney Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.

1514 Chronicle Bldg., San Francisco

Works at

°«e^ress'
®*Per County?

Trade-Mark.

STEAM PRESSES

SEWER PIPE mA DRAIN TILE

MACHINERY

DRY AND WET PANS

Socket Dies, Ring Dies,
Cluster Tile Dies

Write us for prices. State capacity wanted.

THE TURNER VAUGHN & TAYLUR CU.

CUYAHOGA FALLS, OHIO, U. S. A.

.CTWl

CLAY RECORD.

Sand Lime Brick Machinery

FURNISHED BY

THE SEMISTEEL COMPANY

CLEVELAND - - - OHIO

Write for Further Information

WHY

MAKE

YOUR

‘.Ew. BRICK CUTTING WIRES

When You Can Buy Ready Hade Cheaper?

SEND FOB SAMPLES AND PRICES.

GEORGE S. COX, East Liverpool, Ohio.

SAND-LIME BRICK MACHINERY

Furnished and Installed by the

International Sand=Lime Brick Machinery Co.

(Incorporated under the laws of the State of New York)

Under the Safest and Strongest Guarantees.

Inventors and Owners of the “ Division Method” (patented in
the United States and all Foreign Countries)

Write for information to the

International Sand-Lime Brick & Machinery Co. .

156 Liberty Street
NEW YOR-K

CLHY RECORD.

wtth^mje man^and The Thew S tea in Shovels

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 0 Shovel— Ohio Brick Co., Toledo, Ohio.

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

** lie sure you are right . then go ahead.,*'

Q. E. Luce Engineering Co.

(G E. LUCE, Practical Mechanical Engineer)

Sixth Floor, Plymouth Bldg., 303 Dearborn St.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Designer and Constructor for all

Kinds of Clay=Working Plants

B. uilding, paving and pressed brick, tile, hollow block and fire-proofing plants
plan and specifications prepared.

Designed and reconstructed several of the largest plants in this country.

Years of experience in this particular field, and formerly engineer in charge
of construction for the Illinois Brick Co. of Chicago.

Machinery, drying and burning troubles corrected.

Examination of properties, clays tested, and advise as to the possibilities of
success of either old or new plants.

No. 64 Nine Foot Pan

New Design— Nothing Like It

Note the Strength, Note the Convenience, Note the Capacity

IF YOU WANT QUALITY— A FULL VALUE FOR THE MONEY—

YOU HAVE IT HERE

Write for Complete Description. W e build every Machine and Appliance needed in Clay
Working Plants. Every Machine we build is a Standard of Quality, Distinctive
[in Design, Quality and Operation. Let us figure with You.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY COMPANY -

BUCYRUS, OHIO
U. S. A.

DRY PRESS BRIBK

MACHINERY

All joints carefully fitted. All gearing heavy
and strong. Side frames massive. Adjustable
mold feed and pressure. Long dwelling pres¬
sure. Smooth, dense, perfect brick.;

We build Stiff, Soft Mud and Sand-Lime
Brick Machinery, all kinds of Dryers and their
equipment. We build all our own Dryers
and can guarantee them.

THE

American Clay Machinery Co.

BUCYRUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

STIFF MUD BRICK MACHINERY

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

Buiu ffigbJ

nun night

We build other machines, larger and smaller capacity, same
quality. We build everything needed to make clay products.
Also Dryers that we can guarantee. Write for catalog.

Your Choice of Cutters 0
Your Choice of Movements

No 62 HAND-POWER ROTARY BRICK CUTTER

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

Clay Machinery

WILLOUGHBY, OHIO, U. S.

We also
build a full
line of machinery
and appliances for
making clay products
by all processes. Write
concerning your needs.

The American

Company

1 LOCATIONS

: FOR POTTERIES, BRICK A HD

TILE PLANTS

♦

The very ’finest deposits of Kaolin, Fire and other Clavs in
great abundance along the

LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE RAILROAD

$ In the States of KENTUCKY. TENNESSEE, ALA-
t BAMA, GEORGIA, MISSISSIPPI, and FLORIDA.

♦ Cheap Fuel. Good Markets. Unexcelled Transporta-

* tion Facilities. For further ^particulars, address

t Q. A. PARK,

General Immigration and Industrial Agent

l
t
t

t :

aAAA AA A A AAAA A.A A A.A.AA.A AA.A.A A AAA A A A. A A A. A A A.AAA A. AAa

W w w W TTvT W W W W

LOUISVILLE,

KY.

^University of Ifllinois

Colleges and Schools of Literature and
Arts, Science, Engineering, Agriculture,
Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy,
Library Science and Education.

DEPARTMENT OF CLAY WORKING AND CERAMICS

ESTABLISHED IN 1905

Offers opportunities to students wishing technical
instruction which will help them to overcome the dif¬
ficulties confronting the manufacturer of clay products.

Free scholarships arejopen to regular students from
Illinois. Laboratory expenses reasonable.

For further information address the Registrar,
W. L. Pillsbury, or the Director,

\ Professor C. W. ROLFE,

Urbana, Illinois.

M TO

WHAT THE

“SCIENTIFIC

SYSTEM”

CAN DO FOR YOU

The “SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”

offers you the opportunity of
entering into the manufacture
of the coming building ma¬
terial

SAND LIME

BRICK

This brick is strong and
durable. It can be manufac¬
tured in less time and at a
lower cost than any other
brick on the market.

OUR SCIENTIFIC

SYSTEM

will enable you to manufac¬
ture SAND LIME BRICK of the
very highest quality in less
than 24 HOURS.

The "SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”
is the only system which
ABSOLUTELY INSURES uniform
quality of product. Our Pre¬
paring machine “RELIANCE”
is practically AUTOMATIC in
its operation, mixing and
preparing the raw materials
with the utmost precision,
yet requiring the services of
but ONE COMMON LABORER to
operate it.

We are ENGINEERS and
CONTRACTORS to the SAND
LIME BRICK INDUSTRY land
will erect and equip your
plant with the machinery of
the SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM” and
start you on the road to suc¬
cess.

Writ* us tor particulars and we can

undoubtedly refer you to a plant
equipped by us and situated
in your vicinity

StND FOR CATALOG No'. 18

SSSSSi * SUM* « WE* »

SATISFACTION

Is the only code word we can use for our WASTE HEAT DRYER.

GET CATALOGUE No. 56 S

NEW YORK BLOWER CO. 25th PI. and Stewart Ave. Chicago

i»a>—» ——————

BOOKS YOU NEED IN YOUR BUSINESS

The Repair and Haintenance of Machinery

By Thomas W. Barber, C. E. A hand book of practical
notes and memoranda for engineers and machinery users,

186 pages — *17 illustrations— 8 vo., cloth . . $3.50

How to Run Engines and Boilers

By Egbert Pomeroy Watson. A practical instruction for
young engineers and steam users. 125 pages— illustrated —

16 mo., cloth . $1.00

A Handbook of Engineering Laboratory Practice

By Richard Addison Smart, M. E. This book £s a manual
for the use of students in experimental work, strength of
materials and hydraulics. It is also to guide engineers in
active service. 290 pages— 12 mo., cloth . $2.60

Calcareous Cements

By Q. R. Redgrave, C E. Their nature properties, and use.

The composition and process of making Portland and other

cements, analysis and cost . - . $3.50

American Cements

Bo Uriah Cummings. A treatise on the nature and prop¬
erties of natural and artificial hydraulic cements. 299
pages— Illustrated— 16 mo., cloth . $3.00

Notes on Concrete and Works in Concrete

Portland Cement

By B. D. Butler. Asso. M. Inst. C. E. A complete treatise
on the manufacture, testing and use of Portland cement.
Contains 860 pages, 85 illustrations, 8 vo., cloth bound, price $6.00

Architects’ and Engineers’ Hand Book of Reinforced
Concrete Construction

This book describe* and explains thoroughly the various
forms of modern concrete construction. 172 illustrations,

218 pages. Price . $2.00

The Blasting of Rock

In mines, quarries or tunnels. A. W. & Z. W. Daw. A com¬
plete book giving weight of blast, how, when and where to
make it. 270 pages— 8 vo., cloth . .. . $6.00

Steam Boilers

By James Peattie. Their management and workings on
land and sea — very complete. 230 pages — 12 mo , cloth . $2.00

The Pottery aud Porcelain of the United states

Ay Edward Lee Barber, A. M., Ph. D. 210 illustrations

Octavo., gilt top . 93.60

The Story of the Potter

By Charles F. Binns. A popular account of the pottery and
porcelain industry. 250 pages— Illustrated— 16 mo . 76

Architectural Pottery

Translated from the French. BricWs, tiles, pipes, enamelled
terra cotta, stoneware, mosaics, faiences, and architectural

stoneware. In two parts. 8 vo., 496 illustrations. Price . $7.50

Notes on Pottery Clay

The distribution, properties, uses and analysis of ball clays,
china clays, and china stone. Crown— 8 vo., 132 pages, price. $1.60

Chemistry of Pottery

By Simeon 8haw. The chemistry of the Several natural
and artificial heterogeneous compounds used in the manu¬
facturing of porcelain, glass and pottery. 750 pages, price .$5.00

Engineering, Practice and Theory

By W. H. Wakeman. 184 pages— 5x7*4 inches. Price . $1.00

Slllco-Calcareous Sandstones (Sand Lime Brick)

By Ernst Stoffier. Treats on the formation of artificial brick
made from a mixture of lime and sand under the influence
of moisture. Raw materials, methods, manufacture.

Shows outline drawing of factories, elevations to detail.

Ground plans andSectional Elevations, .price . $1.00

Brick, Tiles and Terra Cotta

261 engravings— 8 vo., cloth . $10.00

Transactions of the American Ceramic Society

Containing the papers and discussions of the society. The
most complete information published. 5 vols. Price, each. *4.00
Manual of Ceramic Calculations

This book was compiled with great care and most com¬
plete. Price . $1.00

Will be sent postpaid on receipt of prlcec

ORDERSSTO CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY, *303 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO, U. S. A.

KHtI— H$T MMIMIHHMMMi

CLRY RECOFtu.

Chicago Iron Clad Dryers

Are Invincible

Constructed with highest attainments in science of steam fitting and appliances
for economizing fuel. The Iron Clad for rapid drying, the Tender Clay for all clay
products that crack easily.

For perfection and economy in drying they are beyond competition.

Barron Tender Clay Dryer, Which DOES THE WORK

We construct and install Dryers adapted to drying all clay
products With greatest perfection and economy in fuel and labor

BARRON DRYER CO., 84 La Salle St., CHICAGO, ILL.

FAMOUS

“MARTIN”

MARTIN’S

LATEST

IMPROVED

STYLE

“A”

DOUBLE

MOULD

ENTRANCE

BRICK

MACHINE

IT’S TO YOUR INTEREST

BUILT

RIGHT

AN D
LEFT

MOULD

ENTRANCE

HAVE U SEEN
IT WORK?

BETTER WRITE
AND ASK ABOUT
THIS IMPROVED
BRICK MACHINE

DISINTEGRATORS

YARD SUPPLIES

THAT ARE BUILT

BRICK

MACHINERY

CAN WE HAVE

YOUR ORDER?

FOR HARD WORK

BARROWS & TRUCKS,
PUG MILLS,

CLOD BREAKERS, IT
CRUSHERS,^;
MOULD SANDERS,
GRINDERS,

SAND DRYERS,
SCREENS,
HOISTING DRUMS
CLAY CARS,
BRICK MOULDS,
ETC., ETC.,

ATJ PRICES CONSISTENT
U1Z. WITH QUALITY _

The “MARTIN COMPANY” Furnish Plans Showing the Best Way to Handle the Clays ’B

No. 1 AUGER MACHINE

ITS UP TO YOU FOR GOOD RESULT]
THIS SEASON

“MARTIN”

LANCASTER

PENNA . . . U. S. A.

HAVE YOU MADE THAT THOROUGH
INVESTIGATION?

CLAY WORKING
ENGINEERS

AT YOUR . . . SERVICE

^ fdH<JO Wt) WQH(dU JdcjOxl |

CLRY RECORD.

MARTIN STEAM BRICK
“DRYING SYSTEM”

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699809
October 10, 1905. No. 95520
November 14, 1905, No. 804489

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFG. GO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

$ ncjOKQcjOJdKn Q2H<!!>ro {dou^t1 $

MONARCH STOCK BRICK MACHINE
Capacity, from 80,000 MUXJQ

THE QUAKER

Horse or Steam Power. Capacity, 20.00 to 36U0I§

nrnSU OR TILE MACHINE- WITH AUTOMATIC TABLE

"we

Full

our

Guarantees.”

We have a full line of Clay-Working Machinery, sand mold brick machines, auger brick and tile machines.
Automatic side and end cut tables, dies, molds, barrows, trucks, sanders, represses, pug mills. Tbe only down cut,
reel side brick cutter on the market for cutting face brick that do not require repressing. We can guarantee to make
you a better face brick with this cutter than you can get from any other cutter on the market.

B. E. LaDOW, - - Fredonia. Kansas.

CLHY RECORD.

“SPECIAlf ^ '

patented v. 'Jiri?

CSISIIOLM BOirD&.^HrtE co

c».Ica«d ■

Its Record: More Boyd Presses in actual operation than of all other Press Brick Machines
combined. Write for Catalogue.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.,

OFFICE AND WORKS: 57th and WALLACE STREETS

Chicago, Illinois

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR -MOLD “SPECIAL”

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR - MOLD “ACME”

IT’S NAME A GUARANTEE. The Four-Mold Press above illustrated is our latest improved
machine of this design. Over ONE HUNDRED now in use. Especially adapted for working shales.

A BUSINESS PROPOSITION

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.

OFFICE AXD WORKS: 5 7th and WALLACE STREETS

Chicago, Illinois

SAND-LIME, BRICK

MACHINERY

BOYD QUALIFY

MODERN METHODS A A * NO EXPERIMENTING

Sand-Lime Brick Plants designed and
complete machinery equipment furnished,
installed and set in operation. Machinery
and product guaranteed.

Correspondence solicited.

CHISHOLM, BOYD & WHITE COMPANY

OFFICE AND WORKS, 57111 AND WALLACE STREETS

CHICAGO

ILLINOIS

CLHY RECORD

The White BricK Press

FOR MAKING

SAND-LIME BRICK

CURES ALL PRESS TROUBLES. The only Press specially
designed for this work and the only Press having Hinged Mold Table
and Removable Mold. Our special Press Catalogue tells all about it.

Send for Illustrated Boo %let

American Sand=Lime Brick Company

Great Northern Building, Chicago

CLHY RECORD.

The BERG makes the
best sand-15 me brick and
cheapest because it is the
strongest machine and
gives the highest pres¬
sure. Thirty-five sand-
lime plants in United
States use the BERG

The BERG for the highest grade
of pressed brick of shale or
clay. It makes all kinds of
shapes and sizes of brick.
Changes from one shape to
another can be made in
less than an hour’s time.

First-Class Workman¬
ship. Cut Gearing. Fully
Warranted.

The BERG MAKES the highest
grade of fire brick. Can
make all kinds of shapes
desired for fire-brick
purposes.

Three distinct
pressures make
the brick evenly
pressed all
through. No
granulated cen¬
ters of the brick.

The BERG is

the best for sand

and cement be-
cause of its
strong pressure.
Uses less co-

BERG BRICK PRESS

The highest development of the
Art of Brickmaking Machinery
so pronounced by the United
States Government.

Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY.

The 1905 Berg Press

For prices and full particulars, address

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO, ONT., CANADA

ment, makes cheaper brie!..

8 CLHV RECORD.

Chicago Brick Machinery Co.

1308 Great Northern Bldg.

Auger Machine

Combination Machine

UP-TO-DATE MACHINERY

For Making all Kinds of Brick-

Dry Pressed, Wire Cut,
Sand Moulded

Full
Line of
BricRyard
Specialties
and

Supplies

New White Press New Model Berg Press

In addition to our well known BERG PRESS , we are now
bringing out our new WHITE PRESS for clay- brick work. It is
especially recommended for difficult and refractory day. By far
the most powerful press built. Removable molds, changed in SEVEN
minutes. Special catalogue and full particulars on application.

Something New for 1907

Rocking and Dumping Grates
tor Kilns. Save coal, save labor,
and do away with checked brick.
Send for “Lecture on Combus¬
tion ," by His Satanic Majesty.

U. S. SELF CLEANING GRATE
In position ready lor use. Part oi frame cut away to show connection below.

Patented.

•

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross-Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

rhe strongest and most efficient Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
?ives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER

TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK 1

MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTONIBUILDING, .

ST. LOUIS, MO.

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use In
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

CLHY RECORD.

The Andrus Four Mold BricR Press

“THE PRESS THAT SCOTT BUILDS "

Over ioo in use throughout
the United States and Can¬
ada. 21 of them right here
in the St. Louis District.

7 of them
on one plant

Did you ever

inquire

into the

merits of the

Scott

Noiseless

Plant?

SCOTT MANUFACTURING CO.

602 Commonwealth Trust Building :: St. Louis, Mo.

CLAY RECORD.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery

Company

Sizes

29"

36"

42"

50"

Fitted

with

Adjustable

Pins

THE FERNHOLTZ CLAY PULVERIZER

Makes Your
Brick
Uniform

Company

Machinery

Brick

Fernholtz

TKe

Louis

Manchester

Road

Old

and

Ave

Boyle

If you want
to make a
FACE BRICK
you need it.

A GOOD MIXER IS ALWAYS APPRECIATED

( PATENTED )

f i a . i .

*%*£.■** s

THE ONLY MACHINE MAKING BRICK WITHOUT GRANULATED CENTERS.

We Design and Equip Dry Press Brick Plants Complete
WRITE TO-DAY FOR PARTICULARS. * A SEND US A SAMPLE OF YOUR CLAY.

ADDRESS

THE RELIANCE MACHINE AND TOOL WORKS

I ST. LOUIS, MO.

“ >% r ■ l A II A r » DRY

PRESS

■ — — — — —

RELIANCE

NO TOGGLES,
POWERFUL,
SIMPLE,
STRONG,
DURABLE,
EFFICIENT,

OJL.MY RECORD,

The Hix “Happy THougHt” Automatic Cutter will do it. THis
Cutter is without an equal as it does what others can not do.
Will cut end or side cut brick. Hollow blocks or conduits any
length or size desired. The capacity is unlimited. No clay
wasted, every brick a perfect one, no complicated machinery to
get out of order and give annoyance.

It Will Pay You to Write Us for "Particulars

THE HIX “HAPPY THOUGHT” AUTOMATIC SIDE CUT BRICK CUTTER.

The Wallace Manufacturing Company

FRANKFORT, IND , U. S. A.

ARE YOU INTERESTED IN A CUTTER
THAT WILL DOURLE YOUR
PROFITS FOR 1907?

HHHE No. 9A which was always a leader among medium size
^ Drain Tile Machines has gone through complete reconstruction
and the New Model stands alone without a competitor as a Modern
High Grade Pattern.

Upright Drain Tile Machines

THE BREWER NO. 9B

If you do not know all about Brewer Tile Machines it will pay you to look them up.
Cores of the tile dies held without bridge or bracket.

##. BREWER & CO

TECUMSEH

MICHIGAN

CLHY RECORD.

BRICK

Wc build these Machines in five sizes* Capacities to 10,000
brick per hour*

Several hundred are in everyday use* They do first-class
work and are convenient, economical and durable* This can be
verified by investigation*

We also build Brick Machines with separate Pug Mill*

Don't forget our Automatic Cutters* They give satis¬
faction.

State your requirements and let us furnish particulars*

E. M.

GALION

& CO.

OHIO

THE 3P O T T S

HORIZONTAL BRIM MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

BRICK DRYERS

The largest and best. The drying done
upon an entirely new principle. Brick
made today. Set in Kiln tomorrow.
Thoroughly dry. Will dry the most
tender clay with no loss from cracking.

It has No cars

No transfer cars
No rail
No ties
No fans

• «*

No extra engine

No high or expensive stack

The best dryer on the market. Manu¬
factured by

C. & A. POTTS & CO.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

CLKY RECORD

Single Crank
Movement
Working
Machinery

all above the

Mold Box.

Automatic End Cut Brick Machines of five sizes, having capacity

from 10,000 to over 100,00 brick daily under

favorable conditions*

CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY

E. R. FRAZIER, Chicago Agent,

59 West Jackson Boulevard.

52D AND MEDIA STREETS

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Weight
about
11,000 pounds
G apaclty
2,000 bricks
per hour.

THE PHILADELPHIA REPRESS.

Machinery for Building Brick

-—AND FOR STREET PAVERS^=

CLHY RECORD

i»

Modern Bricl
Machinery

NO. 9 AUGER BRICK MACHINE

Capacity 50,000 to 70,000. The Machine for Diffi¬
cult Clays. Heavy Shafts -Steel Gears -Accessibility

12 Ft OOUBLE GEAREO PUG MILL TYPE “C”

Heavy Shafts and Large Faced Gears

Write for Our new Circular No. 12 describing some new Models of Brick Machinery

The BONNOT COMPANY

CANTON, OHIO

THE GUILDER

ELEVATING and
LOWERING
BRICK CAR

FOR OPEN AIR SYSTEM OF DRYING

Strong and serviceable. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All
iron and steel. Raised and lowered by worm gear and segment. The most
perfect car of its kind made. We will furnish the Guilder Elevating and
Lowering Car with the necessary transfer cars and turn table at a reasonable
price and send you all the plans for an open air system of drying without additional
cost.

Write us in regard to this car and also let us tell you all about the
“PREMIER** line of Clay-Working Machinery.

The J. D. Fate Company

PLYMOUTH, OHIO

Vol. XXX. No. io.

CHICAGO, MAY 30, 1907.

Semi-Monthly, 91-00 perYeir
Single Copies, - IO Cent.

THE SILO METHOD OF MANUFACTURING
SAND-LIME BRICK.*

By James F. Hobart, M. E.

The silo system of manufacturing sand-lime brick is the
mixing of sand and lime in the proper proportion, then al¬
lowing the two materials to remain in contact with each
other, in a bin or silo, for a length of time which warrants
the complete hydration of any lime particles which may
have passed the mixing machinery and still remain in the
unhydrated, or “raw” state. When unhydrated lime in
lumps of any size gets into the hardening cylinder, then
the brick will be “swelled,” “bulged” or even broken by
the swelling of the lime particles in the hardening cylinder.

By allowing the mixed material to remain in a moist¬
ened condition for a period ranging from 4 to 48 hours,
all the lime will become hydrated, and swelled bricks will
he unknown. This system is applicable to all methods of
making sand-lime brick, either from raw, or from hydrated
lime though the so-called “dry system” employed when com¬
mercial hydrated lime is used, must he modified somewhat
in order to use the silo method of handling mixed ma¬
terial.

When the straight “dry method” is used, the lime and
sand are brought together in the proper proportions, and
passed through the necessary mixers, from which the ma¬
terial is carried directly to a finishing mixer which delivers
it to the press. The water necessary for the proper work¬
ing of the material in the press, is all added in the finish¬
ing mixer. The process is entirely without water up to
this point, hence the name which is characteristic of the
method.

When a proper hydrated lime can be obtained, very good
brick are made by this method, hut there must he no un-
hvdrated particles in it, and no particles of lime which will
not pass through a grading screen or sieve of 100 meshes
to the linear inch. Failing in either condition, troubles of
tuanv kinds await the brickmaker. When there are lumps
of unhvdrated lime, the brick hurst, and “daddy’s bean
patch” is reproduced in miniature on every brick contain¬
ing a hit of lime near the surface of the brick, in the condi¬
tion named. When unhvdrated, but very finely pulverized
lime is worked into the brick hv the dry process, or by the
wet process, either for that matter, the bricks will swell
uniformly in each of the three dimensions and in several
instances in the experience of the writer, the brick have
thus expanded to the extent that it was possible to pull

*Read at the last meeting of the National Association of Manufact¬
urers of Sand-Lime Products, recently held in Chicago.

the car from underneath the bricks, which remained sus¬
pended in the upper portion of the hardening cylinder.

The brick thus “expanded” proved rather soft, but in
some instances, where the hydration was quickly finished,
and before much hardening had taken place, the brick
were fairly good, though over size in each dimension. In
other cases, where the lime had not received as much hy¬
dration, previous to being pressed in mixture, the brick
were torn to pieces bv the internal pressure of the expand¬
ing lime, and the only remedies found, were to either re¬
ject the slow hydrating portions of the lime, or, to adopt
the silo method, and allow the mixture to remain in a
moistened condition from 24 to 48 hours as the lime might
require.

Some limes hydrate very slowly', others combine with
water very readily. When the slow limes are used by pass¬
ing the lime through a liydrator, the quick-hydrating por¬
tions are at once united with water, while the slower por¬
tions of the lime pass through the hvdrator in lumps. The
mere act of being tumbled through the liydrator causes the
lumps of unhydrated lime to break up to a considerable ex¬
tent, and small fragments of lime are broken off the
larger pieces by the tubemill-action of the liydrator, pass
into the hydrate through the screen, and find their way
into the brick, only to hydrate in the hardening cylinder,
and burst some of the brick.

When the above is the case, the only resource, if the
slow-hydrating lime must be used, is to have resource to
the silo system, or method, and wet the mixture as soon
after mixing as possible, and then allow the mixture to
remain in storage until the slow lime shall have completely
hydrated — usually from 24 to 48 hours, as noted elsewhere.
When hydrated lime must be treated thus, in order to hy¬
drate the slow portion of the lime, it is only sensible to dis¬
pense with the previous hydrating and grind up the lime
without first hydrating a portion, then pass through the
mixer and permit all the hydrating to be done in the silo,
instead of a small portion, as with the previous hydrating
noted above.

When lime is first hydrated, and then mixed with the
sand, there is beyond doubt a considerable loss of hardness
in the brick made from the pre-hydrated lime. The sand-
lime brick is really an artificial stone and is hardened by the
formation of calcium silicate between the particles of sand
composing the brick. Calcium silicate is formed by a
chemical union between the lime and the silica in the sand,
which action is accelerated by the presence of steam and
heat. Both these are evolved during the hydration of the

CLAY RBOORD*

lime, therefore what more reasonable to expect than that
a better brick can be made when the hydration of the lime
is accomplished in contact with the sand ; and the steam
and heat act directly against the sand, instead of being lost
in the atmosphere, as is tlie case when the lime is previously
hydrated. The brick made from lime mixed with the sand
and then hydrated, have a smaller absorption than the brick
made from pre-hydrated lime. The brick are also harder,
and less lime is required to obtain the same results, when
previous hydration is dispensed with and the lime is used
“raw.”

It is vitally necessary, in making sand-lime brick by any
“system,” or “method,” that the lime be first reduced to an
impalpable powder, and then coated over the entire sur¬
face of every particle of sand. The means employed to
obtain this, are not arbitrarily fixed. Any method which
produces results may be employed, but it is essential that
the lime particles be made fine enough to pass through a
screen of ioo meshes to the linear inch, and if the par¬
ticles all passed readily through a screen or sieve of 200
meshes to the inch, better results would be obtained.

As stated, the means employed for reducing the lime to
this degree of fineness, matter not, and a tubemill, or a
dry pan, or any other method may be employed as desired.
It becomes evident, that no more lime should be used than
will thoroughly coat each and every particle of sand. In
fact, should more than this quantity of lime be used, the
strength of the brick is not increased thereby, and the un¬
necessary lime does no good, even if it is not really a source
of weakness in the brick.

Bv using the wet, or silo method, the handling of the
lime — when hydrated lime cannot be obtained — is much
simplified. All that is necessary, is to run the lime through
a crusher, then to the proportioning machine. When, how¬
ever, the lime must be hydrated, before being mixed with
the sand, then trouble roosts in the sand-lime factory and
a horrible mess is the sure portion of the sand-lime brick
man. When a crusher is used, the lime should be brought
into the factory only about as fast as needed, and crushed
and used immediately. In fact, it is the ideal method to
take from air-tight storage each day only as much lime as
will be needed in the factory that day, crush that amount
of lime, and mix it with sand immediately, wetting the mixt¬
ure as soon as it is mixed — in transit, in fact — and then
running the wetted mixture direct to the storage bins for
the completion of the hydrating process.

Experience has demonstrated that a Williams mill is
about the best lime crusher that can be obtained. This
hammer machine fitted with a feeder breaker, will handle
all the lime necessary; a No. t machine proving ample for
a factory making 40,000 brick each day of 24 hours ; nine
working hours. A factory thus handling lime can be
made dustless — something utterly impossible when lime is
hydrated on the premises and then made into brick.

For the purpose of storing the wetted mixture of sand
and lime, all manner of receptacles have been constructed
and used. The plain square bin is the earliest form of
silo. The material fell into one of these bins from an ele¬
vator or conveyor, usually so placed that in order to fill
the storage place a great deal of the mixture had to be
shoveled over, the elevator discharge not being high enough
to permit the bin filling more than one-half or two-thirds
full. Circular bins have also been used with indifferent
results, the great trouble being that it is hard to get the
material out of a circular receptacle with a conical bottom,
on account of the tendency of the material to lodge or clog-
in the cone-shaped bottom of the bin.

The best form of storage bin, is the long V-shaped re¬
ceptacle, constructed with slides at the bottom for egress
of the material, and a belt convevor the entire length of the
bin, upon which the material falls as it comes through the

slides. The calculations and sketches of the first of the V-
bins ever built, were made by the writer while riding on
a train between Washington and New York, and from
drawings made by the writer, these bins were constructed
at Glens Falls and Fort Edward, and in at least 20 other
factories in the United States — and yet one or two parties
claim to hold patents on these bins ! Perhaps they do.
Such a patent does not hurt the storage bins any, and a
man might get out a patent on the moon if he should apply
for one !

The writer has recently designed and installed V-shaped
bins without the central dividing partition, and finds the
elimination of the partition to be a great improvement.
Insteadv of allowing material to fill one side of the bin
while the other side is being emptied to the press, the over¬
head conveyor is so arranged with a hand-tripper that the
material is dumped into one end of the storage bin while
the seasoned material is being drawn from the other end of
the bin to supply the press. Thus, it is only necessary to
have the bin long enough to be able to store the mixture
one or two days as may be found necessary.

The mixer employed has a great deal to do with the
quality of the brick turned out by the silo method — or by
any other method as well. As yet, no form of mixer has
been found which will do the work of the tubemill or dry
pan, and for making face brick, one or the other should be
employed. The tubemill, properly constructed, is far pref¬
erable to the dry pan, although good work is done with
the latter. The tubemill is preferable for the reason that
it is a continuous performance, and with the silo method,
it is desirable that the mixing be kept as even and continu¬
ous as possible.

Returning again to the mixture : the writer has found
it desirable to use a single mixer, and prefers this type to
the double shaft, two-speed machine which is so valuable
in mixing clay. Sand-lime, however, is an entirely differ¬
ent proposition, and clay machines and methods frequently
have to be radically modified in order to give satisfaction
in handling a mixture of sand and lime. The mixer blades
should be quite long. A length of 12 in. from center of
shaft to end of blade, is desirable and the distance may be
increased to advantage if a great amount of work is to be
done with a single mixer, with four double blades to the
foot.

For one or two 4-mold presses, the 12-in. blade will sup¬
ply ample material, and will provide ample and even mix¬
ing. The speed of a mixer of this type, with 12-in. blades,
may be from 50 to 70 r. p. m. In fact, it is the practice of
the writer to run these mixers as fast as the gears can be
made to run safely. At a high speed, with the long blade,
the material is thrown from one blade to another in the
upper portion of the mixer, thus securing an entire free¬
dom from lumps caused by balling or rolling, as is fre¬
quently the case with double mixers. A mixer with 12-in.
blades, and with to ft. of blade-covered shaft, is a very
good size and may be used as a dry mixer for the first
5 ft., the water-pipe extending across the mixer in the mid¬
dle of its length, the wet mixing portion being also 5 ft.
in length. Of course, these proportions may be varied in
case of need, the dry mixing being extended or diminished
by merely moving the water-pipe, while the wet mixing
is varied in an opposite direction from the change ;n the
drv mixing. That is ; the more wet-mixing length of ma¬
chine, the less dry-mixing length and contrariwise.

Tt has for several years been the desire of the writer to
erect a dustless sand-lime brick factory. A factory recently
erected at Bois. Idaho, bv the writer, for the Intermount¬
ain Building Material Co., through the American Clay
Machinerv Co.. Willoughby, Ohio, is practically dustless, and
this excellent quality is largely owing to the construction
of the tubemill discharge and feed. The mill is one of the

CLAY RECORD.

Schmidt type, with a discharge hood, fitted by the Ameri¬
can Clay Machinery Co., which prevents entirely the egress
of dust at the discharge end of the mill.

A specially designed mixer, of the 24-in. type described
above, was built underneath the circular discharge hood,
and made dust-tight thereto. The elevator from mixer to
bin was built for the first eight feet of height, in the form
of a room, the mixer passing along in the floor of the
room and the elevator chains and buckets ascending in one
corner. Neither the mixer nor the elevator were inclosed
except by the small room mentioned, which is possibly 6x8
ft. in size. From the ceiling of the room, the conventional
elevator legs ascend to the upper portion of the factory,
inclosing the chain and buckets in the usual manner. In
this way, a large number of the usual elevator troubles
are dispensed with. It is easy to get at the foot wheel
of the elevator, and if the machine should become clogged,
it is easy to shovel out the surplus material without having
to work in restricted quarters as is the case when the or¬
dinary elevator gets stopped up. There is no dust what¬
ever from an elevator closed in this manner, and as the ma¬
terial is all wetted thoroughly as it issues from the tube-
mill, there is no chance for dust there.

The silo method is particularly easy to make dustless as
the material is wetted as soon as possible and handled en¬
tirely in a moist condition to the point where it goes to
the press. It is the aim of the silo-process man to add ex-
actlv the amount of water necessary, as the mixture issues
from the tubemill, so that the material will be neither too
wet nor too dry when ready for pressing after the time
of storage for complete hydration has passed. Consid¬
erable skill is required to do this, also an intimate knowl¬
edge of the amount of water the lime will absorb and how
much will drv out during the period of complete hydration.
It requires a little practical experience to determine this
point, then the operator seldom finds it necessary to add
water in the mixer over the press. Neither does he find the
material coming too wet, but just right for the making of
first-class brick.

It is one of the advantages of the silo and wet methods
that there can be a considerable variation in the amount
of water added to the mixture, from time to time, and still
the mixture comes to the press very evenly and correctly
moistened. An explanation of this seemingly paradoxical
statement is found in the peculiar manner in which the ma¬
terial is taken from the silo when it is to be pressed. With
the V-shaped storage-bin in particular, the material is
put into the bin in cone-shaped layers, but when the material
is withdrawn for pressing it conies out in sections taken at
right angles to the conical layers. That is : The material
comes out in a mixture of the thin sections or layers, so
if there be strata of too wet material, or too dry stuff, the
deliverv cuts right through both wet and dry, and, mixing
them, the resulting material is neither too wet nor too dry,
and is in the best possible condition for making first-class
brick.

On the other hand, when material is mixed by the “dry”
process, it is verv difficult to wet the mixture evenly and
as it goes direct to the press, there is no opportunity for
the moisture to spread and equalize the wetness, hence the
frequent deliverv to the press of material too wet' or too
drv, to the great disgust of the press men and to the dam¬
age of the finished brick. When material varies in moist¬
ure, it is necessarv to varv the depth of the press molds
accordingly, for. the wetter the material, the more space
the loose material must have in the molds, and, contrari¬
wise. the drier the material, the more the lower pressure
nlates must be raised in order to'prevent too much material
from entering the molds, thereby causing the brick to “sand¬
wich” and come out utterly worthless When the material

varies in moisture so greatly as to become apparent in the
color of the pressed brick, the hand wheel of the press
must be kept moving with great frequency and the quality
of the brick is sure to suffer for the reason that the drier
the material the better the brick, the less absorption and the
greater crushing strength. It is not possible to make as
good a brick from wet as from dry material and the moist¬
ure should always be kept as low as will allow the brick to
be taken from the press and piled upon the cars. Material
which has stood over night with the proper amount of
moisture, invariably goes to the press in better condition
than is possible with freshly wetted material.

The writer has found from personal experience that the
silo system or method produces better brick wherever it is
used, even when a perfectly hydrated lime is used. Where
the lime is only partially or incompletely hydrated, the silo
method is a necessity, and where raw lime is used, the silo
system produces the best sand-lime brick made. The fol¬
lowing examples from actual practice point to the silo meth¬
od as one possessing many advantages and few if any bad
points :

1. — A factory, equipped with a tubemill, had no storage
bins and hydrated the lime in cars placed in the harden¬
ing cylinder underneath the brick cars. The hydrate was
mixed with the sand and passed without having been
screened, into the tubemill, thence direct to the press, water
being added over the press immediately before pressing the
material. The lime was not ground, or screened in any way,
but was passed direct from the measuring machine into
the tubemill, thence to the press, being wetted just before
the mixture passed to the press.

The resulting brick were far from satisfactory, the brick
being quite soft and lacking in hardness and water-resist¬
ing qualities. A silo was added to the factory equipment,
and the mixture allowed to remain in storage, after being
wetted, for 24 hours. The result was that the brick came
out much harder, possessed greater crushing strength and
absorbed less water. It was probable that the lime was not
completely hydrated when the brick went to the cylinder,
before the silo was installed, and this being the case, the
hvdrating process swelled the lime, thus making the bricks
slightly larger and more porous Consequently the material
was forced apart slightly bv the swelling of the lime and the
porosity of the bricks increased enough to make them ap¬
pear softer after the curing process was finished.

The installation of a silo allowed the lime to hydrate per-
fectlv before the mixture went to the press, thus prevent¬
ing the swelling of the brick to the detriment of the qual¬
ities of hardness and porosity. The addition of water im¬
mediately after the mixture left the tubemill, permitted a
much more uniform mixture of water and the resulting ma¬
terial was smoother, freer from lumps, and more uniform
than ever before and the quality of the brick was enhanced
accordingly.

IT. — A factorv was equipped with a Freese mixer, an
American hydrator and a supplementary mixer or “agi¬
tator” for a final dressing of the material just before it
went to the press. A very large silo was also included in
the equipment of this factory, but the management had an
idea that the silo was a useless piece of apparatus and tried
the experiment of running the material direct from the
mixer to the press. The results were not at all satisfactory.
In fact, the brick were worthless.

It was necessary to use a very soft chalky lime and the
perforations in the hydrator screen had to be increased to
V%-m. in width in order to get the required amount of
lime through the hydrator. Necessarily many bits of hv-
' drated lime passed through the screen and went through
the mixer in which machine the lumps received the nec¬
essarv amount of water for hydration. The period of stor-

‘24

CLHV RECORD.

age in the silo enabled good brick to be made, as far as
hardness was concerned, but lime spots still remained, there
being no way of pulverizing the lime lumps after they were
mixed with the sand — there being neither dry-pan or tube-
mill in this factory. The silo obviated all bursting of brick,
or “popping,” as it is often called, but it could not rid the
brick of the lime spots. An air separator and a hammer
mill was finally installed for finishing the lime after it had
passed the hydrator. The silo system proved the salvation
of this factory, for another plant nearby was equipped
with the same lime hvdating and handling processes, but
without the silo. This factory never turned out as hard
brick as the one w'hich was equipped with the silo.

III. — A factory, which was equipped with a hydrating
machine and a tubemill, had provision for adding water only
at the point of delivery of the material into the press hop¬
per. The lime proved very slow hydrating, frequently re¬
quiring from 24 to 48 hours for complete hydration.

The hydrating machine passed small fragments of caus¬
tic or partially hydrated lime through its screen and these
particles were ground very fine in the tubemill, but when
wetted in the mixer above the press, proved capable of ex¬
pansion in the brick, and “pops,” while not pronounced on
account of the fine grinding of the lime in the tubemill,
took the form of raised portions in the surface of the brick
and in many instances caused a regular and pronounced in¬
crease in the size of the bricks which were enlarged in
every dimension. This action not only caused the regular
enlargement of the bricks above-mentioned, but it also
caused a universal disintegration of the brick which resulted
m a softening of the entire body of pressed material through
the movement apart of the sand particles, caused bv the
expansion of the fine lime particles. .

The addition of a mixer at the tubemill discharge, and
a storage-bin or silo for the mixed and wetted material,
where the mixture could be stored from 24 to 48 hours,
proved a complete remedy for the very slow lime which had
to be handled in this plant. It was subsequently found that
bv eliminating the hydrating machine, crushing the lime in
a hammer machine, and proceeding otherwise as with the
hvdrate, that a better and stronger brick could be made
than when the hydrate, or partial hydrate, was used. A
Williams hammer pulverizer, with a breaker-feeder at¬
tachment, proved all that was necessary for preparing the
lime for the tubemill.

- ♦ »♦ -

CARNEGIE’S GREAT SCHOOL HAS ONLY ONE

BRICKLAYER.

The School of ‘Bricklayers, Pittsburg, intended to be one
of the most important departments of the great $t 0,000.000
technical schools which Andrew Carnegie founded, has one
scholar. The daily routine which the future knight of the
trowel goes through and the staff of instructors maintained
solelv for him is causing much comment.

When Mr. Carnegie founded the technical schools he in¬
sisted that the departments first opened must be those for
the purpose of teaching young men to become expert arti¬
sans. Bricklaying looked as if it might be popular here,
and the school of bricklayers was the first in commission.
While other departments were quickly filled up with schol¬
ars, the bricklaying game didn’t seem to appeal to Pitts¬
burg’s young men. but finally one student applied.

After passing the necessary examination. Daniel Chis¬
holm was enrolled and began his studies at the school, after
paying his fee of twenty dollars a year. To teach prospec¬
tive bricklayers there had been engaged by the school a
professor at a salary of fifteen dollars a day and an expert
bricklayer, who receives six dollars, or the union wage.

AUSTRIA’S MAGNESITE INDUSTRY.

A report from Consul-General W. A. Rublee at Vienna
states that the very considerable export of calcined mag¬
nesite from Austria to the United States, amounting dur¬
ing the calendar year 1906 to nearly 53,000 tons net weight
from the Vienna consular district alone, has attracted gen¬
eral attention to this industry, and new magnesite mines
are being located in several parts of Austria. Mr. Rublee
thus describes the industry :

At present the Veitscher Magnesitwerke Actiengesell-
schaft is the principal company operating magnesite mines
and is enjoying extraordinary prosperity, its shares, which
have a par value of 400 crowns (crown=20.3 cents), now
selling as high as 1,140 crowns. This great rise in the
company’s shares has taken place mainly in the last year
and is due to the continually increasing sales of magnesite
to the United States.

Magnesite was discovered in the province of Styria, Aus¬
tria, in the early eighties by Carl Spater, of Coblenz, Ger¬
many, who had acquired some property near Veitsch,
Styria, which was supposed to contain manganese ore. In
the course of exploiting this property the yield of maganese
was) not found to be satisfactory, but another substance
was found which turned out to be valuable for fireproofing
purposes and was later called magnesite owing to its large
percentage of magnesia. Elaborate experiments were made
with it by the Alpine Monttangesellschaft, one of the prin¬
cipal iron and steel companies of Austria, and its uses
were discovered. The first magnesite was produced in
small quantities in 1882, but its production on a large
scale began in 1890, when shipments were first made to
the United States. In 1897 the Veitsch property was or¬
ganized into a stock company with 2,000,000 crowns
($400,000) preferred shares and 6,000,000 crowns ($1,200-
000) common shares, the prf erred shares to pay 73/2 per
cent interest, guaranteed. This dividend was soon raised to
10 per cent, and has been paid on preferred and common
shares alike for several years past. Carl Spater, of Co¬
blenz, Germany, retains the controlling interest in the com¬
pany and a Vienna bank owns a large part of the re¬
mainder of the shares.

Magnesite mines were operated, in competition with
the Veitsch mines, at Eichberg, lower Austria, for a num¬
ber of years but were acquired by the Veitsch company in
March, 1905. There are also magnesite mines in Hun¬
gary, which operate under a cartel agreement with the
Veitsch company. The Veitsch company is acquiring other
mines in Styria and is desirous of maintaining a monopoly
of the business in Austria. At present, however, there are
two or three independent concerns opening up magnesite
properties in Austria and in Hungary, and there is some
prospect of a lively competition after the furnaces are
started within the next six months.

BRICK WELL #FLOATS AWAY.

The great strength some times exhibited by brick ma¬
sonry well laid in good cement mortar is shown by a brick
cistern seven feet in diameter by ten feet deep, which, ac¬
cording to the Engineering Record, was undermined by a
flood at Terra Haut, Ind., and floated away for some dis¬
tance without breakage of any part of the masonry or
water gaining access to the interior.

THREE TIMES AS MUCH TIMBER USED EACH
YEAR AS THE FORESTS GROW.

Every person in the United States is using over six times
as much wood as he would use if he were in Europe. The
country as a whole consumes every year between three and
four times more wood than all of the forests of the United
States grow in the meantime. The average acre of forest
lays up a store of only io cubic feet annually, whereas it
ought to be laying up at least 30 cubic feet in order to fur¬
nish the products taken out of it. Since 1880 more than
700,000.000,000 feet of timber have been cut for lumber
alone, including 80,000,000,000 feet of coniferous timber in
excess of the total coniferous stumpage estimate of the
Census in 1880.

we have the advantage of all the lessons which Europe has
learned and paid for in the course of a century of theory
and practice.

Lest it might be assumed that the rapid and gaining de¬
pletion of American forest resources is sufficiently accounted
for by the increase of population, it is pointed out in the cir¬
cular that the. increase in population since 1880 is barely
more than half the increase in lumber cut in the same pe¬
riod. Two areas supplying timber have already reached and
passed their maximum production — the Northeastern States
in 1870 and the Lake States in 1890. Today the Southern
States, which cut yellow pine amounting to one-third the
•total annual lumber cut of the country, are undoubtedly near
their maximum. The Pacific States will soon take the as¬
cendency. The State of Washington within a few years

Circular 97 of the Forest Service, which deals with the tim¬
ber supply of the United States and reviews the stumpage
estimates made by all the important authorities. A study of
the circular must lead directly to the conclusion that the rate
at which forest products in the United States have been
and are being consumed is far too lavish, and only one re¬
sult can follow unless steps are promptly taken to prevent
waste in use and to increase the growth rate of every acre
of forest in the LTnited States. This result is a timber fam¬
ine. This country is today in the same position with regard
to forest resources as was Germany 150 years ago. During
this period of 1 50 years such German States as Saxony and
Prussia, particularly the latter, have applied a policy of gov¬
ernment control and regulation which has immensely in¬
creased the productivity of their forests. The same policy
will achieve even better results in the United States, because

states in volume of cut.

At present but one-fifth of the total forest area of the
LTnited States is embraced in National Forests. The re¬
maining four-fifths have already passed or are most likely
to pass into private hands. The average age of the
trees felled for lumber this year is not less than 150 years.
In other words, if he is to secure a second crop of trees
of the same size, the lumberman or private forest owner
must wait, say, at least one hundred years for the second
crop to grow. As a rule, such long-time investments as this
waiting would involve do not commend themselves to busi¬
ness men who are accustomed to quick returns. But the
States and the Nation can look much farther ahead. The
larger, then, the area of National and State control over
woodlands, the greater is the likelihood that the forests of
the country will be kept permanently productive.

CLKV

RECORD,

RETROSPECT, INTROSPECT AND PROSPECT.*

By Harry de Joannis, Chicago, Ills.

I expect that you will grant that I have chosen a subject
which allows me considerable latitude and longitude. That
is good for me, inasmuch as, though large bodies move
slowly, they require considerable space for their moving.
At this season of the year, it is permitted to everyone to
look, as Janues did of old, both ways, and endeavor to gain
from this scrutiny some idea of progress made and possible.

From the experiences of the Past, we are enabled to so
direct our actions in the Present that we may obtain re¬
wards in the Prospective. A retrospective glance through
the early davs of the clayworking industry on the Ameri-
can continent is interesting but does not take us very
far back. It is true that our industry is an ancient one
and that it is a regular thing for public officials and after-
dinner orators to address us with reference to the brick¬
making art in the time of Hie Phoenicians, the Egyptians
and the Chinese, but that is all the good that we have
ever derived from the study of their methods of brick¬
making. Their conditions were different, their clays were
dissimilar from ours and their methods of manufacture
were of the crudest. From them we can only claim the
antiquity of our art. Leaving the ancients and coming
down to the past two centuries, we find that even until
recent years much advancement had not been made in the
methods of manufacture. Many of you present can re¬
member the days of hand-molding, the introduction of
hand-power and horse-power machinery, the taking of
contracts and the making of the brick to fill them close
to the point of erection of the structure ; the scene of
operations continually being changed. The reason for
this slow progress was that architectural standards were not
high ; lumber offered cheap structures with greater facility
of ornamental design ; and brick was sought after and used
only where durability, at less expense than could be obtained
bv the utilization of granite and marble, was desired. In
fact this had been the status of brick for ages. We read
in Roman history that it was said of Augustus Caesar that
“He found Rome brick and left it marble,’ the two mate¬
rials representing in the historian’s mind the lowest and
highest durable building materials.

During the past 25 years there has been a considerable
change in public sentiment, due to the activity of the manu¬
facture of clay products and the manufacturer of the ma¬
chinery from which they emerge. The plastic clay has been
turned into units by which ornamental effects can be pro¬
duced with a certain degree of facility. Not only the shape
has been varied, but these products have been covered with
colored slips and glazes, and even by merely burning certain
clays, which have been judiciously mixed, shades in great
variety are at the call of the architect. Consequently, our
retrospections afford us this much satisfaction — that the
clay product has emerged from its primitive restrictions and
is recognized as being capable of being used with a certain
elasticity of treatment which conforms to the architect’s

*Read at the meeting of the Ontario Clay Products Association
which was recently held in Toronto, Ontario.

ideals. We, therefore, cannot stand still. It is only the
rustic that waits -till the river flows by.

Introspection is a process of self-examination aiid it is
well that we analyze for a moment our mental attitude in
regard to things which are, in order that we may direct
our efforts intelligently for our future advancement. It
is not enough that we should rest content with our prod¬
uct as it is. Nor is it wise that we should neglect to ascer¬
tain carefully the quality of the product of our competitors
and the methods by which such quality is obtained. No
detail is too trifling to be studied in this connection. The
French have a proverb, “A chaque saint, sa chandelle,”
which, translated, means, “To each saint, his candle.” The
writer of the proverb meant to convey that any source of
possible favor should be conciliated. Whether that is true
in religious matters or not, I leave to your individual judg¬
ment, but in business it is essential to success.

The phenomenal growth of the clayworking industry in
Canada and the United States in recent years has been due
to the increasing price of lumber, due to the depletion of
forests and the consequent scarcity of trees of mature
growth. The advance of printing, the extensive use of
paper, have contributed largely to this scarcity, so that the
trade journals may take to themselves some measure of the
credit for advancing the use of clay products.

It is not to be expected, however, that the clay product
will maintain its leadership in the field of construction for¬
ever undisputed. During the past decade there have en¬
tered the constructive lists two new factors in the industrial
conflict— sand-lime and cement. The last of these has
proved to be the greatest menace. Four or five years ago
the brick manufacturers received a preliminary scare by the
announcement that sand-lime brick were going to be manu¬
factured in millions at $3.00 per M. and that the market
would be flooded with a product infinitely superior in
strength and appearance at prices which would prohibit
competition even by common clay brick. Experience has
proved that this scare was totally unwarranted and the origi¬
nators of the scare have passed off the scene of action.
Their place has been taken by a band of men who have
recognized the possibilities of molding sand and lime into
brick form and by exercising judgment and skill have man¬
aged to produce an article which can compete only with a
high-grade clay brick. As long as this is the case and as
long as the initial investment in their manufacturing plants
is as great, if not greater, than the investment required for
the manufacturing of a clay product of the same quality and
output, there remains before those with whom their prod¬
ucts compete, merely a question of legitimate compensa¬
tion, no more than has already been encountered from the
competition of stone, granite and marble. On the other
hand, a study of the methods of sand-lime brick manufac¬
turers in grinding and preparing their material, mixing it,
the character of the presses that they use and their methods
of disposal of their products, may be of distinct advantage
to clay manufacturers.

With the cement proposition, we have a more serious
competitor at the present time. This is due largely to
the universal distribution of the materials that they employ,

CLKV RECORD.

to the cheapness of installation and to the possibilities of the
utilization of the commonest kind of labor in the maiufac-
tnre of the products. This last factor has been considered
one of strength. It is also the source of the greatest weak¬
ness. Many failures in cement and concrete construction
are due to the hiring of hands instead of brains. The salva¬
tion of the manufacturer of clay products against the under¬
mining of his business lies in the fact that with so many
competitive materials large cities are becoming more
stringent in their demands for the quality of the building
materials to be admitted into their markets. The building
specifications of New York and Philadelphia, made during
the last year, easily rule out many products which had an
open market in those cities previously. The whole standard
of manufacture of products from all materials will have to
be raised in the course of a few years, for the smaller cities
will follow the example of the larger ones.

This brings us to a consideration of the Prospect. We
have too much at stake to sit with our hands folded and
merely believe that the antiquity of our product will win
our battle with the architect. It is only the penniless trav¬
eler who can afford to sing in the presence of the highway¬
man. There remains for us, therefore, only to consider
aiong what lines we shall carry on our industrial warfare,
so as to maintain our present position of recognized worth,
to enlarge the scope of the application of our products and
to successfully cope with the invasion of our industrial field
by other materials. Again I say, it is necessary to study
carefully the claims of our competitors for their products
and to so adapt our own materials as to meet them on every
ground of vantage, retaining all the excellence of the past
and continually adding points of superiority. At a recent
convention in Chicago, held by the sand-lime brick manu¬
facturers. the president, making his address, said that it was
possible that in the future other materials might be added
to sand and lime in order to produce the highest results.
This may be true of clay products. We have not reached
the limit of our industrial expansion. If we have, it might
be wise to quit right now. But we have not. Our ceram¬
ists are at work on problems involving every detail of the
manufacture of clay products. Their efforts have been di¬
rected largely, of course, in past years, to the solution of
the more complex problems involved in the manufacture of
higher grade claywares. This will not be always so. It is
only during the last few years that the average brickmaker
has conceded the possible advantage of calling into service
the skill of the brickworks engineer. In the future the
brick maker will study every possible point of the improve¬
ments of his product. He will give attention to the de¬
mands of the architect and will endeavor to meet them by
adapting his clay and the products made from it to his
requirements. It is simply a question of evolution and if
we are wide-awake we will study the situation closely and
arm ourselves at every possible point. We will consider
our present manufacturing conditions and determine in our
own minds the exact time when an increase of output will
justify us in abandoning them for fresh ones. The methods
to be empolved for a 10.000 daily brick output would be
absurd for the plant which manufactures 100,000 brick
daily. Our chief trouble has been that our improvements
have nearly always been made under pressure and rarely
by choice ol foresight. This paper is a rambling one and
in harmonv with the individual that wrote it, but it is pre¬
sented without any further apology than that it contains a
few grains of optimism.

STONEWARE COOKING UTENSILS.

For centuries utensils made of various metals have com¬
peted with one another for supremacy ; iron, tin, steel, cop¬
per, brass, nickel, silver, aluminum and agate have all in
turn come into prominence; all have their merits, and they
are not few. Yet, with all these vessels, stoneware, or pot¬
tery, most ancient of all, has not been wholly driven out of
existence., On the contrary, the thick utensils of clay or
stoneware are daily coming into more prominence, and
deservedly so.

There are reasons for this. Good stoneware takes no
odor, rust, stain or tarnish. Because of its very thickness
it is least liable of all to burn food in cooking or to afifect
its contents in any way. It is usually most reasonable in
price — low when its durability and being properly handled
is considered. It is made in many artistic forms and color¬
ings, and can be sent direct from the fire to the table, where
it not only does not detract from but actually adds to the
general good effect of the table furnishings.

For cooking at a very high temperature — as for broiling
or frying — it is not, of course, available, but for baking,
braising, pot roasting and stewing it really has no equal,
giving to its contents a steady, even heat, which allows the
home cook to turn her attention to other duties ; hence, it
has double economic value.

The two primitive forms of our grandmothers consisted
of pipkins — or deep stewing vessels — and shallower baking
dishes. These are now elaborated to half a dozen forms,
many of them with simple yet decorative covers. If the
housekeeper who does not possess any earthen or stone¬
ware utensils will add two or three to her stock she will
find that they repay their first cost many times over. They
may be used for pot roasts, beef a la mode, potted squabs,
stewed kidneys, ^ fricasseed chicken, smothered beef and
many other vegetable and cereal dishes. Once prepared
and the cooking started, they may be left to work out their
own salvation, and yet be sure of a good result. The fol¬
lowing recipe is a typical one, and capable of many va¬
riations :

Clean and disjoint a fowl in the manner usual for fricas¬
see. Sprinkle 'each piece with salt and pepper and dredge
with a little flour. Rub the inside of the deep roaster with

a little butter or melted suet and pack in it the prepared
pieces of meat. In a saucepan make a thin sauce with one
tablespoonful of butter, one heaping tablespoonful of flour
and a pint of boiling water. Season slightly with salt and
pepper or other desired seasonings, and pour over the fowl
in the dish. Have the oven hot at first. Adjust the cover
and place the dish in the oven. After about twenty minutes
the heat may be reduced and in from two to three hours the
fricassee may be taken out in perfect condition, no further
attention being required. Pot roasts will have all of the
richness of a roast without the dryness which so frequently
is deplored. Dumplings may be made and laid on the top,
where they will steam themselves tender and light in twen¬
ty-five minutes.

Japanese pottery utensils come in many extremely decor¬
ative forms, and at low prices. Italian and Hungarian
wares are equally desirable. The American stoneware is
mainly in drabs, browns and old blues, and somewhat more
severe in character, but is very durable.

CLKY RECORD.

PLYMOUTH CLAY PRODUCTS COMPANY,
FORT DODGE, IOWA

The above name applies to a company organized in the
early part of 1907 for the manufacture of sewer pipe, in¬
corporated under the laws of Iowa, with a capital of a
quarter of a million.

Place of business will be Fort Dodge, Iowa. The exec¬
utive officers, well and favorably known business men of
Fort Dodge, are L. E. Armstrong, President and Man¬
ager; E. L. Marsh, Vice President, and J. T. Cheney,
Secretary and Treasurer.

The factory is located joining the city on the southeast,
on a nice 70-acre prairie tract adjoining Olson Park. Am¬
ple room for all additional buildings that may be required
in the future for the proper operation and care of the
plant’s products, as well as plenty of outside room for stor¬
age of pipe.

The main building will be 456 feet long by 80 feet in
width, constructed of brick, and three stories in height and
basement, and will be utilized for drying purposes, with a
floor space of about 110,000 sq. ft. In addition to the main
building and adjoining same will be other rooms as fol¬
lows : One room 50x52, in which will be located four boil¬
ers for supplying steam necessary for the heating and op¬
eration of entire plant. An engine room which will con¬
tain an extra heavy duty 300 horse power Corliss engine
for the operation of all machinery. The size of this room
will be 20x50 ft. Another room 90x96 in which will be
installed the dry and wet pans, two of the former and four
of the latter being required. Also a clay storing house 40
X250 ft. for the reception and storage of clay as it comes
direct from the mine or shaft. This clay is mined 100 ft.
below the surface, hoisted by regular mine shaft, which is
at this time in operation, clay being already taken out and
stored. The clay vein from which the supply is to be had,
is 20 ft. in thickness and is inexhaustible. From chemical
analysis made of this clay, probably a total of fifty, and the
various tests made of same in burning in some of the larg¬
est and best sewer pipe plants, and also tests made at Fort
Dodge by the Stoneware Plant and the Ft. Dodge Brick &
Tile Company, show it to be of superior quality. It takes a
most beautiful glaze and burns to a good vitrified body.
This clay being mined, gives this company many advan¬
tages over other plants where clay is taken from or near
the surface ; in such cases there is at all times more or less
of the earth’s surface mixed with the clay, and wet and
bad weather, etc., tends to delay the regular production of
it, as well as freezing weather in winter. These obstacles
are all overcome when the clay supply is mined, and as¬
sures a regular and steady run twelve months a year.

A very practical arrangement is being installed to han¬
dle the clay from top of shaft to clay storage house. A ca¬
ble railway on an incline, clay being dumped into cars of
one or two ton capacity at shaft, and manipulated in such
a manner that a train of these loaded cars moving to the
storage house will pull a train of similar number of emp¬
ties from the storage to the shaft, which will be about 700
feet distant from the storage house.

In connection with this plant it is arranged for 18 kilns

28 ft. in diameter, for burning the various productions.
These kilns will be constructed on the very latest and most
practical plans, and will require about 1,000,000 fire brick
to be used in their construction. It is estimated reliably
that the product from one of these kilns will be sufficient to
fill five cars and requires nine days from the time the press
product is inserted until it is ready for shipment. This
will give the factory when completed, a capacity of 10 cars
per day, or in the neighborhood of 3,000 carloads per an¬
num.

Another very advantageous feature which this company
will enjoy is their exceptionally good railroad facilities.
Three lines of road will reach the plant. The Illinois Cen¬
tral with a loading track and also a coal track ; the Chicago
Great Western and the Fort Dodge, Des Moines and
Southern, with tracks similar to those of the Illinois Cen¬
tral. This practically assures the company of being able
“to get fuel for the plant’s consumption, switching neces¬
sary, and a supply of empties for outgoing products at all
times.

The principal products from this factory will be of the
following: Sewer pipe, sizes 3", 4'’', 6", 8" and 10", in
single strength and 12", 15", 18", 20" and 24." in both
single and double strength. The various traps for sewer
pipe connections, such as handhole, vent, P. & S. traps,
also elbows and curves of various sizes. Junctions of all
kinds, increasers, reducers, strainers, stoppers, Y’s, T’s,
etc. ; wall coping in sizes to fit any wall ; electric conduits
and drain tile of sizes up to 24".

Conservative estimates have placed the number of car
loads of material that will be used in the building of the
plant at between 600 and 700 carloads. About 100 cars
have already been received and placed in the foundations,
which by the way are of concrete, and put in under the
supervision of the most competent men, and from all ap¬
pearances will stand until Gabriel blows his horn. The
major portion of the material required will consist of
2,000,000 common brick, or about 150 carloads, about
1,000,000 fire brick, 50 to 75 loads of sand, 40 to 50 car¬
loads of crushed stone, a number of cars of lumber, shin¬
gles, cement, and various other materials, such as iron pipe,
machinery, bands, etc.

When plant is ready for operation it will require the
help of a number of men, probably in the neighborhood of
200.

The plant is well under way and if no delay is ex¬
perienced in getting the material, machinery and labor, the
plant will be ready to start in August.

PLANT OF THE DIAMOND FIRE BRICK CO.

SOLD

The plant and equipment of the Diamond Fire Brick Co.*
in Canon City, -Colo., one of the most extensive in southern
Colorado, has been sold to S. C. Cowgill of Montezuma,
Ind., who will organize a new company for conducting its
business. Mr. Cowgill and associates have plans for exten¬
sive improvements, and will greatly increase the capacity
of the plant. The new company will have practically un¬
limited backing and will develop the fire-brick industry in
Colorado and adjoining states to an extent not previously
attempted. One of the products of the company will be
silica brick, used for lining the furnaces of foundries, smelt¬
ers, etc.

OLKY RECORD.

ASSOCIATION ORGANIZED TO PROMOTE THE
USE OF BURNT CLAY PRODUCTS.

The Brick Construction Association of Los Angeles,
California, an organization formed for the purpose of pro¬
moting the use of burnt clay products in Los Angeles and
vicinity, after six months of effort has just received from
the press an elaborate publication, entitled “Burnt Clay
Products in Fire and Earthquake^” ninety-six pages and
•cover, containing eightv-three half tones — 5x7 — showing
the effect of fire and earthquake on concrete, reinforced and
plain, the defects of concrete in general (hollow cement
blodk collapses, frame building collapses) and collapse and
•official report of the Hotel Bixby disaster. Long Beach,
California. Also excellent results of brick and clay prod¬
ucts in San Francisco in fire and earthquake, with concise
•descriptions. Also short technical extracts by the leading
architects and engineers.

The printing of this publication was prompted by the
claims that were made bv the cement interests against brick
and tile. We have no hesitancy in saying that there has
never been anything published that will equal this book, hav¬
ing had a transcendent field to draw from and having
■spared no expense or time in its make-up.

The book is 9x12, paper, printing and half tone work
the best. Cover in four colors, allegorical representation
nf burnt clay products, tried by the elements and found
not wanting.

The book contains nothing cheap or objectionable and is
intended for distribution among architects, engineers, build¬
ers and owners, city officials, bank directors and loan as¬
sociations, and is the only bona-fide cure for the reinforced
-concrete mania and warranted to restore to their normal
mind anyone affected with the new craze — “Cementi De¬
menti.”

V\ e will use three thousand copies for local distribution
and -intend to reach every architect, engineer, bank director,
■city official and owner who contemplates building, and we
would suggest that to further the brick interests, you take
it upon yourself, individually, to send out a few copies to
combat the publications issued by the cement interests.

If you are in touch with any association, it would be well
to take the matter up with it to have the book sent out in
•quantities.

While our book was yet in the press, we communicated
■with the National Brick Manufacturers’ Association, which
was then in session, stating that we would make a price of
75 cents per single copy, but when completed, we find that
with extras (and as the postage alone is 10 cents per
-copy’), it will be necessary for us to charge as follows:

Single copies . $ 1.00

Quantities of one hundred (100) . 75.00

In five hundred (500) lots . 250.00

With wrappers ready for mailing, charges pre-paid to
point of delivery.

You can remit either by money order or draft.

We will again state, that the book, as an advocate of
brick or tile, has never been equalled; and on account of
its excellence and costly make-up, forces recognition.
Though it contains 9 6 pages, when once the cover is
glanced at by anyone interested in construction, we assure
you they never lav the book down until they have thor¬
oughly digested its contents — having done so, means another
friend for burnt clay construction.

Brick Construction Association.

MICHIGAN CEMENT MILLS ARE NOW MAKING

MONEY.

“The cement-making industry of Michigan as a money¬
making proposition is gradually getting into excellent
shape,” said J. Fletcher Williams, of Detroit, vice-president
of the Egyptian Portland Cement Co., Fenton, Mich.

“Whether the wet marl process or the lime rock process
is used, if there is sufficient raw material, the plant has a
good chance of success by proper management. This is
shown by one of the wet process mills which paid 26 per
cent dividend in 1906, and another, recently ranked as a
“cripple,” which netted $40,000 in six months.

“I saw an article in a Detroit paper stating that marl
cement mills were on the road to ruin. This article must
have been inspired by one who is interested in rock ce¬
ment, or who is lacking in information. While it is true
that many wet process companies have met with disaster
and been forced to reorganize, there is reason for this.

“The manufacture of Portland cement from marl in
Michigan dates back but a few years, and little knowledge
was available by the first mills on the subject of the wet
process, so that each concern had to work out its own plans
for manufacture, governed by local conditions. That is
truly called the experimental period, and perfection has not
been attained in either the wet or dry process even yet. This
can be said of almost any industrial process.

“The difference of cost of manufacture between the dry
and the wet method is still unsettled. Leading experts in
the two methods are unable to agree, because success or
failure in either depends so much on conditions at the site
of manufacture.

The machinery for a dry process mill is more than 20 per
cent greater than for wet. The lime rock has to be quar¬
ried, conveyed to the mill and ground to a fine powder. Clay
and sometimes free lime have to be added, since the rock
does not always contain the required amount of carbonate
of lime. These ingredients may have to be transported by
rail to the mill.

This is not necessary in the wet process, since nature has
provided the marl as used by a number of cement com¬
panies, in such fineness as to pass through a 100-mesh
sieve, and with less than 1 per cent variation in the amount
of carbonate of lime. The marl is pumped into the mill
from the lake bed at very low expense.

“The amount of fuel required to dry out the marl is
pointed to as an obstacle ; but it may be observed that fuel
also is required for power to grind up the rock in the other
process. The temperature of the gases thrown off by the
boiler of a rock crushing plant is sufficient to dry marl.

“After the two products are secured in dry powder form,
the processes are identical and the expense of manufacture
the same.

“Failures in the marl process have been through lack of
experience and neglect to make proper soundings of the
deposits before installing expensive plants to depend on
them.

A LARGE ORDER FOR FIRE BRICK

Two hundred new coke ovens of the modified Belgian
type will be erected at the Herbert works. New Salem,
Pa., of the Connellsville Central Coke Co., the output of
which is controlled by J. H. Hillman & Son of Pittsburg.
The work has been commenced and a contract for 1.600.000
brick has been closed with the Harbison- Walker Refrac¬
tories company.

The ovens will be 35 feet long and five feet wide, which
is larger than the experimental ovens erected last fall at
the Mount Braddock plant of the Rainey Coal and Coke

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER.

These new inventions are those that are especially of
interest to anyone engaged in tne line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

847,471. Pavement. Freeman F. Gross, Chicago, Ill.
Filed Oct. 12, 1904. Serial No. 228,093.

Claim — The process of making a street-pavement which
consists of laying a foundation which shall be substantially
impermeable to liquid, covering such foundation with a
cushion of dry relatively finely divided material containing
cement, placing blocks of stone or the like generally rec¬
tangular and irregular in shape, upon such cushion in its

dry state, and bringing their upper surfaces to a level by
building up or hollowing such cushion beneath said blocks,
then flooding such pavement with water after the blocks
have been laid so that the water passes down through the in¬
terstices beneath the blocks and makes plastic the whole of
such cementitious cushion and then allowing the same to
harden.

847,513. Sand and Mineral Drier. Marguerite Schaef¬
fer, Indianapolis, Ind. Filed Nov. 30, 1906. Serial No.
345,611.

Claim — A drier comprising a structure having a front
wall, a rear wall and two side walls, the lower part of the
structure forming a furnace-chamber, a slanting floor in the

structure joining all of the walls thereof forming a roof
for the furnace-chamber and provided with a flue-pipe re¬
mote from the walls, the wall at the lower portion of the
floor having an outlet-opening therein, and a plurality of
communicating drying-chambers arranged above the floor,
each chamber above the lower one having an inclined floor
joined at its higher end and sides to several of the walls
and provided with a flue-pipe remote from the walls, the
furnace-roof forming the floor of the lowermost drying-
chamber.

849,214. Brick-Press Box. Lawrence W. Daughen--
baugh and Clarence A. Markle, Clearfield, Pa. Filed May
22, 1906. Serial No. 318,222.

Claim — In a brick-press, a press-box, detachable liners-
therefor, and means for securing the liners in place, the
pres's box and liners having closely-interfitting connections-
to prevent shearing strain on the securing means.

In a brick-press, a pad comprising a plate having a re¬
cessed upper face and provided with a continuous marginal
recess, a detachable name-plate carried by the pad, facing-
strips arranged in the recessed upper face of the pad, and
liner-strips secured within the marginal recesses of said
pad.

849,258. Machine for Re-pressing Brick. Eugene Mur¬
ray, Washington, D. C., and Asher O. Travis, Del Ray,
Ya., assignors to Edwin L. Cockrell, Washington, D. C.
Filed Feb. t 7, 1906. Serial No. 301,715.

Claim — A re-press-brick machine comprising a frame,
upper and lower cross-heads reciprocatively mounted in
said frame, upper toggle-arms connected to the upper
cross-head and to a spring-pressed bearing, a main shaft,
means for actuating said upper toggle-arms from said
main shaft, lower toggle-arms connected to the lower
cross-head and to a fixed portion of the frame, secondary
lower toggle-arms connected to the first-named lower tog¬
gle-arms and a fixed portion of the frame, and means for
actuating said secondary toggle-arms from the main drive-
shaft.

A re-press-brick machine comprising a frame, a main
shaft journaled therein, an upper cross-head mounted for
reciprocatory movement in said frame, operative connec¬
tions between said upper cross-head and said main shaft, a

CLHY RECORD

lower cross-head mounted for reciprocatorv movement in
said frame, actuating elements carried by said lower cross¬
head, connections between said shaft and said actuating
elements, means for engaging said connections with said
elements during a selected part of a revolution of said
shaft and means for disengaging said connections from said
shaft during the remainder of the revolution.

848,078. Apparatus for Forming Tiles Provided with
Flanged Edges. Andre Weill, Brussels, Belgium. Filed
Nov. 6. 1906. Serial No. 342,219.

Claim — Apparatus for molding tiles, which comprises in
combination a mold formed of movable and fixed parts, a
pressing device operating on said mold from above, and
means for converting the downward pressure of said de¬
vice into upward and inward pressure of the parts of the
mold.

In apparatus for molding tiles the combination with a
mold comprising a fixed base part and a movable base part,
movable side parts and inclined surfaces on said side parts
of a pressing device operating from above and an inclined
rim on said device corresponding to and adapted to engage
with the inclined surfaces on the side parts of the mold
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

848,841. Machine for Laying Underground Drain-
Tiles. Marsena P. McCulloch, Red Oak, Iowa. Filed
Aug, 2, 1906. Serial Xo. 328,938.

Claim — A tile carrier and layer comprising longitudinal
side sections, connected together at their front ends and
otherwise separated from each other at their upper and
lower sides to enable a stop-stake to be driven between
them and into the ground below, for the purpose set forth.

A hollow tile carrier and layer of the class described
having an elastic bottom, elastic sides and elastic top por¬
tions, said top portions adapted to be opeUed at points be¬
tween the ends of the tile carrier and layer, in combina¬
tion with a relatively fixed stop device to cause such tiles
as are in the carrier and layer in rear of such stop device
to be forced out of said carrier and layer by the motion of
the latter, said stop device coacting with the top portions
of said tile carrier and layer, while the latter is in motion,
to open said top portions in advance of such stop device to
enable tiles to be placed in such tile carrier and layer in
front of such stop device.

848,664. I ile-Molding Machine. David Leonard, St.
Louis, Mich. Filed May 18, 190!). Serial Xo. 317,437.

Claim — A molding-machine comprising a table, a core
mounted to reciprocate therein, a jacket mounted upon the
table and adapted to surround the core, said jacket consist¬
ing of movably-connected sections, one of said sections be¬
ing immovably mounted upon the table, and a casing re¬
movably mounted within the jacket and comprising a sin¬

gle sheet adapted to surround material within the jacket,,
the ends of said casing being adapted to overlap, and
means upon said ends for holding them together when
overlapping.

849.779, 849.780, 849,781 and 849,782. Pulverizing or
Grinding Mill. James W. Fuller, Jr., Catasauqua, Pa.
Filed Mar. 13, 1906. Serial No. 305.743.

Claim — The combination, in a pulverizing or grinding
mill, of a grinding-ring, balls operatively engaging and
maintained in contact with said ring, a housing provided
with openings, a fine screen and sectional coarse screens,.

said fine screen surrounding said housing, and said sec¬
tional coarse screens fitting the openings of said housing
and two series of rotatable wings or blades supported
above said grinding means at different angles to each other
and so arranged as to elevate materials of different de¬
grees of fineness from said grinding means and by the up¬
per series of said blades or wings to discharge by the force
of said wings or blades through said screens, substantially
as and for the purposes described.

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company,

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor.
SUBSCRIPTIONS.

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States, Canada or Mexico
and one dollar fifty cents for all other foreign countries.

Papers are not stopped at the end of subscriptions unless the sub*
scribers order them so and pay up the arrearages.

ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POST OFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER.

t- - - ■ - - - - - - ■ ■ ■ =

Vol. XXX. MAY 30, 1907. No. 10

BUILDING OPERATIONS FOR MAY.

Building operations from some fifty leading cities through¬
out the country indicate a far greater activity than could
be expected under the unfavorable circumstances of a back¬
ward season and unpropitious agricultural reports, which
play an important part when actual money is to be liberated
for building construction. Compared with May, 1906, the
past month 'shows a l^ss of only 1 per cent in the aggre¬
gate building construction in some fifty cities. The losses
and gains are in cities widely scattered throughout the
country plainly indicating local causes. The principal gains
are as follows : Detroit, 40 per cent ; Duluth, 1 1 ; Evans¬
ville, 71: Hartford, 17; Milwaukee, 202; Minneapolis, 91;
Memphis, 15; Mobile, 42; New Orleans, 69; Philadelphia,
16; Paterson, 35; Portland, 5; Seattle, 28; Spokane, hi;
South Bend, 198; Syracuse, 82; Toledo, 15; Tacoma, 16.
Losses are scored in a number of thrifty cities which can
well afford a decline in building operations. Atlanta lost
21 per cent; Birmingham, 17; Bridgeport, 40; Buffalo, 42;
Dallas, 11 ; Denver, 27; Grand Rapids, 18; Louisville, 18;
Omaha, 37; Pittsburg, 21; Reading, 19; Scranton, 37;
Salt Lake City, 67; Washington, 42; Worcester, 60;

“I like to read American advertisements. They are In
themselves literature, and 1 can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.” — William E. Gladstone.

When ambition crawls in at the window contentment
ffies out at the door.

Every man must pay for what he gets either in money,
its equivalent or self-respect.

Did you subscribe for the Clay Record? We asked you
to become a subscriber. Why not now?

Every time a man files an application for a patent he
imagines he going to revolutionize things.

It is seldom difficult for a man to get rich after he has
acquired the art of hypnotizing his conscience.

A broad-minded man never loses any sleep because an¬
other man’s opinions fail to agree with his own.

Some people boast of taking time by the forelock, but
most of us are lucky if we can clinch it by the back hair.

Wilkes-Barre, 59, and in spite of this setback as compared
with May, 1906, each of those cities has in progress a fairly
good number of building projects.

- -

GOOD ROADS MADE FROM GUMBO IN THE
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI.

Congress some time ago established an office of public
roads, which is instructed to conduct experiments and de¬
vise methods for improving the roads of the United States.
The office has done a great deal to arouse interest through¬
out the country in the necessity of good roads and has
originated several means of making good roads econom¬
ically. The latest discovery is that of burning clay roads in
Mississippi.

In large areas in the south, particularly in the valleys of
the Mississippi and its tributaries, sedimentary clays are
found very generally. In these areas there is little or no
sand and the clays are of a particular plastic and sticky
variety. ^Tese sticky clays are locally known as “gumbo”
and “buckshot.” In such localities traffic is absolutely im¬
possible during the wet season, as the wheels of heavy vehi¬
cles will sink to the hub.

The clay is black, owing to the high percentage of organic
of vegetable matter it contains. It is particularly sticky
in its nature and is almost wholly free from sand and grit.
After it has been burned, however, the placticity is destroyed
and a light clinker formed, which, though not particularly
hard, when pulverized forms a smooth surface and seems
to wear well.

Beware of the man who is afflicted with excessive polite¬
ness. He probably has designs on a slice of your bank
balance.

The Clay Record is the only clay journal in this coun¬
try that is printed twice a month. Its cost is only one
■dollar for twenty-four numbers or one vear. Order it now.

YOUNG HAVILAND AND WIFE, FORGIVEN BY
PARENTS, WILL STUDY TOGETHER.

Guy D. Haviland, son of the millionaire china manufac¬
turer. New York, has been forgiven by his parents for con¬
tracting a secret marriage and will inherit a fortune of $20,-
000,000, as oriqinallv intended. The youth is still under
21 and it is understood he has agreed to complete his col¬
lege course, taking his bride of 20 to live with him in
luxurious stvle, while they both continue their studies.

CLKY RECORD,

OBITUARY

Aaron Woodhull, secretary of the Ross-Keller Brick
Machine Co., Fullerton Bldg., St. Louis, Mo., died at his
home, 1147 No. Euclid Ave., after a week’s illness of a
complication of diseases. He was 69 years of age and
built the first creamery in Missouri. A widow and three
children survive.

T. H. Arbogast, the senior member of the firm Arbogast
& Son, at Lumberton, Miss., was instantly killed by the
shovel of a steam shovel dropping upon him at the brick
works. He formerly lived and operated the brick and tile
works at Farmer City, Ills. A widow and four sons sur¬
vive.

Scott E. Andrews, foreman of the Lowell (Ills.) Pottery
Co., was killed at the plant by his clothing being caught in
a setscrew of a shaft and he was wound around the shaft
and died within an hour. He was 54 years of age and leaves
a widow.

ATTEMPT IS MADE TO REVISE RATES

Des Moines, Iowa, brick manufacturers have applied to
the Iowa railway commission for a revision of the freight
rate on brick under the Iowa distance tariff. In their pe¬
tition to the commission they point out that the Iowa dis¬
tance tariff rates on brick is much greater than the inter¬
state freight rate on the same commodity for similar dis¬
tances. The petition has been docketed, but the date for
a hearing has not been set.

Th application is based on section 2140 of the Iowa
statutes, which provides that freight rates in adjacent states
shall be prima facie evidence of the reasonableness of the
same rate within Iowa.

In the petition a number of comparisons of the Iowa tar¬
iff and the interstate tariff are made, showing the Iowa
rate to be greatly in excess of the latter.

Under the Iowa distance tariff the rate on brick (class
E) for 41 1 miles is 17' cents, and for 280 miles 10 4-10
cents.

The interstate rate on brick from East St. Louis to
Omaha (41 1 miles), is cents, until recently 5 cents per
hundred.

The rate on brick from Chicago to East St. Louis (280
miles), is 5 cents per hundred. This is less than half the
rate under the Iowa distance tariff.

A peculiarity of the comparison is that the rate on brick
"from Galesburg, Ill., to Omaha was 5 cents per hundred for
a long time. These brick had to be hauled across part of
Illinois and clear across Iowa, yet the rate was much less
than if the shipment had originated on the same road
west of the Mississippi river and the haul terminated east
of Council Bluffs.

A peculiarity of the way railways figure mileage in mak¬
ing freight tariffs has just been called to attention here.
On shipments from Des Moines to Omaha, the distance is-
given as 145 miles ; on shipments from Omaha to Des
Moines, the distance is given as 150 miles. On the ship¬
ments originating in Des Moines, a bridge toll over the
Missouri river is charged but on the shipments originating

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES

The plant of the Schuylkill Valley Clay Mfg. Co., Shoe-
makersville, Pa., will be sold by the sheriff at the Reading
(Pa.) Exchange, June 8th.

John Adams, a negro, died as the results of injury sus¬
tained in a boiler explosion that occurred at the plant of
the Chattahoochee Brick Co., Atlanta. Ga.

R. M. Wilson was hurt at the St. Joseph (Mo.) Pressed
Brick Co.’s Works so that his recovery is doubtful. He
was in a trench and the bank caved in on him.

Andrew Miller fractured his skull at the brick plant of
the Forest City Brick & Clay Co., West 53rd St., Cleve¬
land. Ohio, by falling upon the incline from the engine
platform.

Alfred Lutz, aged 35 years, was killed at the plant of
the Eastern Hydraulic Press Brick Co. at Winslow, N. J.,
by the collapsing of a scaffold, which fell on him while
walking beneath it.

A bill for the appointment of a receiver for the People’s
Brick Corporation of Lansdowne, Baltimore Co., Md., has
been filed bv George Foos and others, who have labor
claims against the company.

Forest Chapman was seriously and possibly fatally in¬
jured at the plant of the Owensboro (Ky.) Brick & Sewer-
pipe Co. by being caught in the clay elevator while trying
to stamp out clay that had clogged in the elevator.

One hundred pounds of dynamite exploded under the
blacksmith shop of the Reese-Hammond Fire Brick Co.,
Bolivar, Pa., and blew to atoms that building, also the
restaurant and storage house. Glass was broken all over
the town.

P. L. SIMPSON STILL IN THE RING

Editor Clay Record :

It is well known that our Mr. P. L. Simpson is one of
the oldest, if not the very oldest, ' manufacturer of dry-
press brick machinery in the United States and is looked
upon not onlv as a pioneer in the business but also hav¬
ing a wider experience than anyone else in this line. Mr.
Simpson is the manager of this concern and it appears
that some of our competitors have quite an original way
of keeping customers away from us by telling them that
‘;‘Mr. Simpson has left America and is now permanently
located in Europe on account of his health.” It is the
purpose of this letter to state emphatically that this story
is a falsehood, as Mr. Simpson is permanently settled
right here in Chicago and connected with us as our man¬
ager and furthermore, we are glad to state that he is in
excellent health and is not at present in any way requir¬
ing a residence abroad on account of any physical ailments.
We are pleased to invite any customers desirous of purchas¬
ing any of our specialties, particularly dry-press brick ma¬
chinery, to call at our office where our Mr. Simpson will
be glad to meet them and freely give of his advice and
experience. We would especially urge customers to write
or visit us in order to have such stories confirmed or de¬
nied before believing them, knowing that when one is dis¬
covered uttering one falsehood it is a sign that he cannot
be depended upon in any other statement he might make;
“falsits in lino, falsus in omnibus:"

Yours very truly,

National Brick Machinery Co.

Chicago, May 30. 1907.

CLAY RECORD,

FIRE! FIRE! FIRE!

The Palouse Pottery Mfg. Co.'s big plant at Palouse,
Wash., was damaged by fire to the extent of $9,000. In¬
surance about $5,000. The plant will be rebuilt at once.

The plant of the Alonzo Curtis Brick Co., Grant Park,
Ills., was visited by a $1,500 fire; loss covered by insur¬
ance. The work of the factory was not hindered by the
fire.

Fire destroyed Husband Flint Mills at Deer Creek, Har¬
ford county, Mel., operated by American Pottery Supply
Co., of Baltimore.

DES MOINES BRICK INDUSTRY BOOMING

The Shackelford Brick company is just completing im¬
provements that will triple the capacity of its plant in
North Des Moines. The company’s daily output hereto¬
fore has been about 35,500 brick, but will henceforth be
about 125,000.

A new brick press, one of the largest made, is being in¬
stalled. It weighs about twenty-five tons. The crusher,
grinder, pugger and press are united in the one machine.

The big demand for building brick led to the improve¬
ments.

S. C. Lee, president of the Iowa Brick company, has re¬
opened the plant near twentieth and St. Joseph streets.
The plant has been idle for two years prior to this sea¬
son.

During the lull in local building operations a few years
ago, it was decided that the demand and prices were not
sufficient to make the plant a good investment. It is han¬
dicapped by not having railroad facilities, the entire output
having to be hauled by wagon. The local demand this
spring has been such that the entire output has been sold
far ahead.

The plant has a capacity of about 75,000 brick per day
in addition to the clay flower pot department.

STATE RAILROAD COMMISSION SAYS CLAY
MANUFACTURERS OF WISCONSIN ARE
HELD UP ON EXCESSIVE RATES

Manitowoc, Y\ is., May 26. — Clay manufacturers of the
state have been granted a decision by the state railway com¬
mission compelling a 40 per cent reduction in freight rates
on brick as result of a complaint was lodged by a commit¬
tee of the Wisconsin Clay Workers’ association, of which
G. W. Kennedy of this city, was chairman. The protest
alleged that Chicago manufacturers were given lower rates
than Wisconsin brick men on shipments to points in the
state and the clay workers rejected an offer of a com¬
promise and appealed. The commission has granted the
committee the full reduction.

STATE MEETING OF BRICK MEN

Waco, Tex., May 24. — The local brick men are prepar¬
ing for the state meeting of the brick men which is to
be held here Tune 5 and 6. The secretary is J. M. Harry
of Dallas and it is expected that half a hundred of the
brick manufacturers of the state will be here. The meet¬
ing will be held in the Business Men's Club rooms.

THE RELIANCE MACHINE AND TOOL WORKS

The Reliance Machine and Tool Works of St. Louis,
Mo., is now very busy at their large plant getting out sev¬
eral complete brickmaking outfits, which they have recently
disposed of. This firm which is the manufacturers of the
“Reliance” Dry Press Brick Machine states that prospects
are exceedingly bright.

Besides manufacturing brickmaking machinery they
manufacture a large line of steam pumps, the “Hooker'’
being the principal one of them. They also make large
quantities of special machinery.

»<»

BARBER COMPANY SELLS 350 CARS OF BRICK

One of the largest contracts for paving brick ever
awarded to a Des Moines, Iowa, firm has been given to the
Barber Asphalt Company, which will furnish material for
50,000 yards of paving at Fremont, Neb. The company
has a new sized paving block and 2,500,000 of these blocks
will be used in paving the streets of Fremont. The contract
calls for part Flint and Capital City brick and these will
be purchased from the other companies.

It will take 350 cars to contain the shipment and the
Barber plant here will be taxed to its utmost capacity
during the summer to supply this large job. The material
will be shipped in ten trains of thirty-five cars each and if
the cars were put in one train it would be nearly four miles
in length.

♦ »»

WOMAN WHO SELLS BRICK AND COMPOSES

MUSIC

Of all the unique pursuits followed by women, none
perhaps is more out of line with feminine instincts than sell¬
ing brick and building material. Yet Mrs. Nellie Snyder-
Smith of Dallas, Tex., has built up a business which now
runs over $200,000 a year.

And she started eight years ago with four bricks.

The four bricks were^samples which her husband had
used in the business his widow took up upon his death.
Last year she sold 9,000,000 common brick and 2,000,000
face brick, not to mention other building material. She
not only sells more brick than a whole lot of men, but has
been told that she disposes of more than all the other
women in the world put together.

Mrs. Nellie Snvder-Smith .is a contributor of note to
magazines, and about the last topic she would write of is
her business. Moreover, she is a composer of music. Her
holiday retreat is her fine, big stock farm, forty miles from
Dallas, one of the best in north Texas.

♦ »»

CONTRACTOR WANTS LEGISLATURE TO
PASS ENABLING ACT

Frank Reich petitioned the Detroit. Mich., council to
get the legislature to pass an enabling act under which the
council may pay him for the work he has done on the mu¬
nicipal brick plant before he was enjoined and the action
of the council in providing for the plant held by the circuit
court to be invalid. Reich’s petition was considered by
the committee on charter and city legislation, but the com¬
mittee took no action. The contract price for the plant was
$41,550 and for the work he has done Reich wants the city
to pay him $4,445.50.

CLHY RECORD,

HARBIN SON -WALKER COMPANY MANUFAC¬
TURING MANY OVEN BRICK

The Harbinson-Walker Refractories Company of Pitts¬
burg has secured, in the past few months, contracts involv¬
ing millions of silica, clay and quartzite brick for coke oven
construction in the Connellsville and adjacent regions.

Chief in interest among them is one for the 200 new
ovens of the Connellsville-Central Coke Company now
building at Herbert works, New Salem. These ovens will
be of the modified Belgian type, 32 feet long and five feet
wide. Lime bond silica and clay brick to the number of
1.600,000 will be used, and a great future is expected for
this plant. The brick company will shortly complete ship¬
ments to Grindstone No. 3 works of the Pittsburg Coal
Company, consisting of 252 ovens, and will then begin on
the new 350 oven plant of this company at Grindstone No.
4. at or nearby Rows Run.

Several million will soon go to the new 278 oven plant
at Ernest, Indiana county, Pa., for the Jefferson & Clear¬
field Coal & Iron Company. The Ellsworth Coal Company
of the Lackawana Steel Corporation is using Harbinson-
Walker brick in the 250 ovens and flues it is building at
Ellsworth, Pa. The Republic Iron & Steel Company is
erecting 95 additional ovens at Republic, Pa., of this mate¬
rial ; the Champion-Connellsville Coke Company is build¬
ing 40 ovens at Brownsville, Pa., and the Georges Creek
Coal & Iron Company of Underwood, W. Va., 25 ovens.
The La Belle Iron works will use these brick in the block of
modified beehive ovens it is building at Steubenville.

MONTGOMERY BRICK COMPANIES UNITE

The Montgomery (Ala.) Brick and Tile Company,
which was organized a few days ago, started out in busi¬
ness. It has purchased the McIntyre and Excelsior brick
vards, including seventy-nine acres of ground, and assumed
charge of operations.

The deal for the purchase of the two yards was consum¬
mated the last of the week, but the former owners con¬
ducted their plants up to Saturday. The exact consider¬
ation for the deal was not made public, but it is said to
have been in the neighborhood of $60,000 for the two yards.

The company has been organized with a capital stock of
$100,000. of which $60,000 has been paid in. Its officers
are : H. B. Battle, president and general manager ; I. S.
Stratton, vice-president ; George H. Walker, second vice-
president : E. W. Stay, secretary and treasurer.

FORT DODGE WILL MAKE RECORD COMING

YEAR

More than a million and a half of dollars will be spent
in Fort Dodge. Iowa, during the year 1907 in public and
private improvement. Improvements aggregating nearly
one million of dollars are now under way. Labor is at a
premium and orders for material can hardly be filled. The
greatest construction work actually under way is at the
enormous sewer pipe and drain tile plant of the Plymouth
Clay Products Co., whose four buildings, to be erected at an
estimated cost of $250,000. were started March 1. Next in
line come the new plants of the Sackett plaster board fac¬
tory, to cost $50,000 ; the American Independent Gypsum
Co., to cost $60,000, and the Iowa Hard Wall Plaster Co.,
to cost $45,000. The three latter are nearly completed.

POTTERY NEWS ITEMS

W. J. Pech & Son, Macomb, Ills., have leased land at
Augusta, Ills., upon which to mine their clay.

The Climax Pottery Co. of Cookston, Ohio, has been
incorporated with $100,000 capital stock by A. E. Smith
and others.

The Van Briggle Pottery Co., Colorado Springs, Colo.,
will erect a large factory building on Glenn Ave. The
building will cover 12,000 square feet of ground, and will
cost $25,000.

The sale of the pottery of the Ford City Pottery Co.,
Kittanning, Pa., was made to the Colonial Trust Co., of
Pittsburg, Pa., the largest individual creditor. The pur¬
chase price was $51,000.

The Homer Laughlin China Co., Newell, W. Va., is
making rapid strides with its new plant. The last of the
24 kilns are completed and in operation, making this the
largest pottery in the world.

The annual shut down of most of the potteries of the
Ohio river district will be during the month of July. As
a rule the shut down will be short this year. Repairs will
be made at all the plants during the time.

The Standard Pottery Co. of Salineville, Ohio, has filed
a deed of assignment transferring all its property to At¬
torney L. C. Moore for the benefit of creditors. The prop¬
erty will amount to $5,000, which is held by him.

The Cheboygan (Mich.) Pottery Co., is offering $30,000
of the stock of their company to the citizens of that town,
the balance, $20,000, to be taken by Dr. A. M. Gerew and
others. W. P. Jarvis of East Liverpool, O., is interested.

The plant of the Faience Pottery Co., Zanesville, Ohio,
has been transferred to the Fisher Veneer Tile Mfg. Co.
The plant will be overhauled and used in the manufacture
of veneered brick. Cincinnati capitalists are behind the
enterprise.

^Members of the Western Pottery Manufacturers’ Asso¬
ciation of East Liverpool, Ohio, are considering the starting
of a co-operative cooper shop, on account of the coopers
increasing the price of casks, barrels and crates from 20 to
30 per cent.

The Edwin M. Knowles China Co., Chester, W. Va., has
been incorporated with $150,000 capital stock. Incorpora¬
tors are Edwin M. Knowles, Joshua Poole, and G. E. Da¬
vidson of East Liverpool, O., and T. B. Anderson and C. A.

Smith of Chester, W. Va.

- «-»-» -

THE MARTIN CLAY WORKING MACHINERY

The Martin clav* working machinery and brick yard ap¬
pliances catalogue is at hand — a more complete catalogue
has never been turned out.

The Martin company entered the field in 1858 and has
had many years of experience as brick yard engineers and
brick machinery designers. Their large plant is located
at Lancaster, Pa., within easy reach from all parts of the
country.

Tf you are interested in brick making machinery and
want to see the latest catalogue, write to the Henry Mar¬
tin Brick Machine Mfg. Co.r Lancaster, Pa., and ask for
catalogue No. 100.

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS

Holbrook, Neb., can boast of an up-to-date cement
brick plant.

W. R. Oyler of Laketon, Ind., is contemplating the erec¬
tion of a new sand-lime brick plant.

Frank E. Bryant of Le Roy, N. Y., is making ce¬
ment brick of standard size ; making 20,000 daily.

The Enameled Concrete Co., Des Moines, Iowa, has been
organized with $2,500,000 capital stock to manufacture
enameled brick.

The Laughlin Sandstone Brick & Cement Co., Canton,
Ohio, has been incorporated with $20,000 capital stock by
John L. Robb and others.

The plant of the Bemidji (Minn.) Pressed Stone, Tile
& Cement Co. has been sold to Ben Erickson and John
Goodman by J. A. Ludington.

The C'ynthiana (Ind.) Brick, Mining & Stone Co. has
been organized with $25,000 capital stock. Directors are
G. F. Martin, E. B. Bixler and S. C. Newman.

The Industrial Association of Logansport. Ind., has rec¬
ommended for manager of the proposed Logansport Sand-
Lime Brick Co.’s plant. Arthur Boyer, who is a local con¬
tractor.

The Holland (Mich.) Brick Co.’s plant, owned by Geo.
W. Streight, has been sold to Grand Rapids and Manistee
parties, and will be operated as the Holland-Manistee
Brick Co.

The Menomonie (Mich.) Brick Co. is now having built
a large drying cylinder which when installed will double the
capacity of the plant, so that they can then make 40,000
brick daily.

Preliminary arrangements have been made for the form¬
ing of a sand and lime brick company at Luverne, Minn.
The factory will be located on the Griffin property south¬
west of town.

A number of business men of Elmore, Minn., are stock¬
holders in a company that will build a cement tile fac¬
tory. The company will convert the cement block factory
into the new industry.

The Chisholm, Boyd & White Co., Chicago, have just
made a shipment for export of a complete equipment for
a sand-lime brick plant, including one of their six mould
sand-lime special brick presses.

Nathan Woodman and others of Ann Arbor, Mich., have
formed a company to manufacture sand cement brick and
cement shingles. They are capitalized at $8,000 and have
already acquired the land.

The Rochester (Mich.) Sandstone Brick Co., which is
owned by Detroit parties, are now building their plant.
Charles B. Ebert has charge of the erection for the Ameri¬
can Sandstone Brick Machinery Co. of Saginaw, Mich.

The Commercial Club of Topeka, Kan., is in com¬
munication with several parties to start a sand-lime brick
plant to utilize the Kansas river sand. The Kansas City
Gray Brick Co. and others are considering the location.

The Etruscan Brick Co., Ballston Spa, N. Y., has been
incorporated with $100,000 capital stock. The directors
are Edwin G. Kastenhuber and Clifford J. Dailey of Schen¬
ectady, and Frank P. Van Alstyne of Ballston Spa. The
plant will be built on the Smith property on Church Ave.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

E. F. Church, will put in a brick plant at Joseph, Oregon.

C. B. Mayhugh of Demos, O., is trying to secure a brick
plant for St. Clairsville by interesting local capital in the
enterprise.

The National Drain Tile Co., Terra Haute, Ind., will
build a tile plant at Springfield, Ill., just north of the
Springfield Paving Brick Co.’s plant.

Mr. Phipps of Hawkins county, Tennessee, has purchased
the Montgomery homestead of 500 acres at Leadvale, Tenn.,
and will erect a tile factory on the property.

Gilbert Plains, Manitoba, is to have the third brick plant
this season, this one being started by Mr. Snyder of Portage,
and it will have a daily capacity of 35,000 brick.

The two factory buildings for the Claytonia Brick &
Clay Products Co. at Evansville, Inch, are completed and
the machinery is being installed. George M. Uhl is man¬
ager.

The partnership between Thomas Salveson and Jabez
Dawson at Petersburg, Ill., has been dissolved, and the
brick-making plant will hereafter be conducted by Salveson
Bros.

The Field Brick Co., Eleventh and Concord streets,
Chester, Pa., is expending $40,000 on improvements to their
plant. State Treasurer William H. Berry is a part owner
in the plant.

The Calera (Ala.) Brick Co. will establish a brick plant
at that place. W. H. Merritt is president, A. J. Krebs,
vice-president, and J. W. Hunter, general manager — all of
Birmingham.

Thomas L. Ward of Toronto, O., has optioned 600 acres
of Clay and coal land at Dundas, Vinton county, O., and is
now preparing papers for the incorporation of a sewer
pipe and brick company.

The plant of the Neshannock Brick and Tile Co. at Vo¬
lant, Pa., started up the first of the month, after having
undergone extensive repairs. Joseph Rice of New Castle is
the president of the company.

The plant and -equipment of the Diamond Fire Brick
Co., Canon City, Colo., has been sold to S. C. Cowgill of
Terre Haute, Ind., who will organize a new company and
make extensive improvements to the plant.

The Berkeley Brick, Tile & Concrete Co., Martinsville,
W. Va., has been incorporated with $25,000 capital stock.
Incorporators are: W. E. Gordon, Edgar Bowen, D. W.
Weaver, W. H. Thomas, and J. L. King, all of Martins-
burg.

The Onondaga vitrified Brick Co., Syracuse, N. Y., has
elected the following new officers: J. B. Gere, president,
to succeed J. B. McDonald, and L. Stilwell, director, to
succeed H. B. Reed, and J. F. Plumb, secretary and treas¬
urer and manager, to succeed himself, Messrs. Gere and
Plumb having bought the McDonald and Reed interests.

The Portsmouth (O.) Refractories Co. is the style of
a new company with $50,000 capital stock. A modern fire
brick plant will be erected at Eifort, on the B. & O. S. W.
Rv. The incorporators are: Harry B. Errett, L. D. York,
R. York, W. A. Hutchins, and O. W. Newman. Mr. Errett
is the general manager, and the main office is at Portsmouth.

F. N. Jarvis of Valley, Wash., has bought a one-half
interest in the Chewelah (Wash.) Brick Works, with S. M.
McPherson.

August Detloff and John Hasenjager of Algoma, Wis.,
have leased the brick works of Ferdinand Storm and will
operate same this season.

The Adams Brick Co., Indianapolis, Ind., has increased
its capital stock from $50,000 to $150,000. F. B. Adams
is the secretary of the company.

Crawford & Coble, Ellensburg, Wash., have leased a
tract of land a mile south of town and will erect a hand
moulding plant, making 15,000 brick daily.

The plant of the Fultonham Brick Co., located at Axline,
Q., has been sold to T. F. McClure & Sons Co. and the
Kirchner Construction Co. of Cincinnati. It is valued at
$100,000.

The Superior Brick Co., Rockford, Ill., has elected the
following officers : W. H. Marshall, president ; P. F. Schus¬
ter, vice-president, and W. H. Hall, secretary-treasurer and
manager, to succeed H. H. Block, who goes into the lumber
and fuel business.

The Empire Brick Co.’s plant at Rockford, Wash., has
been sold to the Rockford Brick Co., with W. T. Bacon
president and manager, C. J. Johnson, secretary and treas¬
urer. The plant will be put in first-class shape.

The Tennessee Ball & Sagger Clay Co. of Henry county,
Tenn., has been incorporated with $100,000 capital stock.
Incorporators are: A. D. Noe, J. M. Crowe, J. K. Waller,
Harry Watkins, J. D. Abbott and J. O. Manning.

Andred Dertinger, Genesee, Idaho, has bought of John
Kimble his brick works, and will operate it.

The Canadian Polished Stone, Brick and Tile Co., Ltd.,,
with $1,000,000 capital stock, has been incorporated at Ot¬
tawa, Canada.

The Davidson Brick & Tile Co., Follansbee, W. Va.,.
have started their plant in operation, and it is expected to
enlarge some in a short time.

The Clay Center (Kan.) Brick Co. recently elected the
following officers : William Leach, president ; George White,,
vice-president and manager, and George Kreeck, secretary.

The Kelley Brick Co., Winchell, Minn., has made an
application for daily telegraph service from the weather
bureau as to the forecasts, so as to save loss on newly made
brick.

At the annual meeting of the Shawnee Flash Brick Co.,
Columbus, O., F. Bauman was elected president; R. C.
Reel, vice-president, and W. O. Copeland, secretary and
treasurer.

The Dungan-Booth Brick Co., Seven Mile Ford, Va.,
has been organized bv J. Dungan of Seven Mile Ford, and
C. B. Booth of Knoxville, Tenn.. and Joel Booth of Chil-
howie. Va. They will make 40,000 brick daily.

It has been announced that the Premier Vitrified Brick
& Tile Co., Coffeyville, Kansas, capitalized at $200,000,.
has received pledges to carry out all its plans. R. L. Den¬
nison has been engaged in the preliminary work.

The Occidental Portland Cement Co. has been incor¬
porated with $2,000,000 under New Jersey state laws. The
incorporators are employes of the New Jersey Corporation
Trust Co., 15 Exchange Place, Jersey City, N. J.

The New San Francisco Continuous Kiln

is the only CONTINUOUS KILN having regenerative furnaces for burning bricks with CRUDE OIL or PO*Dt RED COAL

This kiln has the greatest thermic efficiency, for the following
reasons:

FIRST — A perfect system of regulating the velocity of gases
through the kiln.

SECOND— No excess of air, such as is required in UP-DRAFT or
DOWN-DRAFT kilns.

THIRD — Perfect air recuperation.

FOURTH — Perfect combustion.

FIFTH — Eoss by radiation reduced to a minimum.

SIXTH— No cold air admitted with the fuel in the combustion
chambers.

SEVENTH — Heat generated instantaneously.

EIGHTH — No delays, no waiting for the coal or other fuel to
ignite, as iu the ordinary continuous kiln.

NINTH — The burning bricks receive the full benefit of all the heat
produced, as the combustion chambers are contiguous to the kiln.

TENTH — The amount of heat generated is at least 100# greater
than that produced bv coal screenings dropped between the burning
bricks in a given length of time, in the ordinary continuous kiln.

CONSTRUCTION

This kiln can be constructed with 10# less material than the ordi¬
nary continuous kiln.

The outside and inside walls, etc., are left down to a point four
feet below the coal-floor line of the ordinary continuous kiln, the arch
only being built above this line.

There are no BAGS or BAG WADES to take down and rebuild
when the kiln doors are opened and sealed up.

Has no complicated system of flues.

Has no complicated system of GAS PRODUCERS.

Can be arranged for utilizing the surplus heat with a blower, no
chimney being required in this case.

This system applied to a HOFFMAN KIEN will increase its capac¬
ity at least 100 per cent.

WILLIA/V\ A. BUTLER, Patentee, 34 Parkside Avc. San Francisco, Cal.

. J. S. Morgan, Albany, Ore., will burn several kilns
of brick this season.

The Clearfield (Pa.) Clay working Co. will enlarge
their plant and make many decided improvements.

The Coilinwood (O.) Shale Brick Co., and the Deck-
man-Duty Co-., at- Carrolton, O., have been consolidated, and
are now operating at the Collinwood-Deckman-Duty Co.

The Waverlv (Va.) Brick Co. has been incorporated
with .$5,000 capital stock, by John Sailes, President; W. C.
Carr, general manager, and R. T. West, secretary and
treasurer.

The Putnam Brick & Merchandise Co., Bancroft, W.
Va., has been incorporated with $10,000 capital stock. The
incorporators are L. E. Shower, W. M. Walters, and A.
J. Lyons.

The brick works of the Pittsburg Building, Tunnel &
Fire Brick Co., Graytown, Pa., has been bought by Cyrus
Echard of Connellsville. He has placed the plant in opera¬
tion and with the installation of some new machinery will
increase the capacity of the plant.

The American Ice Securities Co., Jersey City, N. J.,
has amended its charter so as to permit the company to en¬
gage in other business as well as ice cutting. W. M. Oler,
the president of the company, said that the ice trust would
make brick and deal in building material.

The tile works at Amboy, Ind., operated by Ridgway &
Lamm, has changed its name to the Amboy Tile Co., and
several other stockholders taken into the company. It is
the purpose of the company to run the plant at its fullest
capacity and make several improvements.

To Make
The

Winning

Bid

The Ideal Concrete Ma¬
chine makes it possible
to cut your bid with¬
out cutting you profit.

It is ympossible to underbid
the contractor who manufactur¬
ers his o wn Ideal Concrete Build¬
ing Blocks with an Ideal Con¬
crete Machine.

Ideal Blocks are
adapted to any possible
architectural design,
and excel all other
materials in fire and
weather-proof qualities

IDEAL

Concrete Machinery

Embodies the only principle (faced
down) permitting the use of rich
. , . , , r , , , facing material with less expensive

material in back of blocks. Adaptable to the manufacture of five different
systems of blocks Hollow, Solid, Veneer, Two-piece, and Continuous, in
various shapes and sizes. , The same machine makes countless designs of face,

and natural stoneeffect. (See illustration.)

Practically everlasting. Not a chain, spring,
wheel or cog in its construction. Catlog and
valuable facts orf builders free on application.

IDEAL CONCRETE MACHINERY CO.

Depl. W South Bend Ind.

W. H C. Mussen & Co., Montreal, Canada
Sole Agents for Canada

The Houma (La.) Brick Co., Ltd., has commenced the
manufacture of brick under the management of M. H.
Webb.

The Standard Brick Mfg. Co., Evansville, Ind., will put
in its West Heights yard a continuous kiln of 22 compart¬
ments, holding 40,000 brick each.

The Newport (Ky.) Brick, Coal & Supply Co. has been
incorporated with $2,000 capital stock by August Helm-
bold, Emilie Schmidt and Fred Schmidt, all of Newport.

The Salina (Kan.) V itrified Brick Co. has become the
property of D. A. Van Trine, F. C. Hadden and W. R.
Whitney. The new owners of the company will double the
capacity of the plant.

The plant of the Swift-Campbell Brick Co., Ottumwa,
Iowa, has been sold to H. B. Ostdick & Sons. The new
owners will increase the capacity of the works and will add
tile-making machinery.

Homer P. Trisch, owner of the Mt. Pulaski (Ills.)
Brick & Tile Works, has purchased land on the I. C. Ry.,
and will in the near future erect a new modern factory with
railroad facilities and up to date.

The Benton Harbor (Mich.) Brick & Tile Co. have in¬
stalled a 50 h. p. electric motor for power to drive the
machinery and will use the engine and boiler to create
steam to dry the brick. Alderman J. J. Miller is presi¬
dent and general manager of the company.

W. A. Dodd, Hickman, tvv.. has purchased the machin¬
ery and will install a steam power pressed brick works.

Inquiry No. 1025, Bureau of Manufacturers, Washing¬
ton, D. C., asks for a complete brick making plant to go to
South America, same to be in operation by September 1st.

Judge James Vincent of Soldier, Kv., has closed a deal
whereby the town of Soldier secures a large fire brick
plant.

The Rockford (Wash.) Brick Co. has been incorporated
with $15,000 capital stock by G. M. Gould and J. W.
Hughes.

The Ostrander (N. J.) Fire Brick Co. re-elected the
old. officers and voted to make many improvements to the
New Jersey plant.

Common brick at Portland, Oregon, are $13.00 per thou¬
sand and any number of buildings are stopped for lack of
brick to finish the job.

The new plant of the Muskogee Brick & Terra Cotta
Co., Columbus, Ga., started to work the middle of the
month. John T. Fletcher is the president. The plant is
estimated to cost $150,000.

The Wooster (Ohio) Shale Brick Works has changed
hands and W. R. Barnhard, of the Commercial Bank, is
now the sole owner. The plant has been placed in splen¬
did shape since its purchase by Albert Shupe and W. R.
Barnhard some time ago.

The Topeka (Kan.) Vitrified Brick & Tile Co. has been
incorporated with $15,000 capital stock. The stockholders
are H. S. Andrews, Wm. Moeser, E. B. H. Remley, A. A.
Rodgers, F. H. Doster, F. S. Davis and J. C. Dolman.
They have taken over the Rodgers Brick Works, which
was established 16 years ago by Capt. J. S. Earnest, and
operated by him until he died a year ago. The plant will
be remodeled and enlarged.

The Ideal Brick Kiln

SHOULD DE

Cheap and durable and have a big daily capacity.

In order to save fuel it should be of the continuous type.

The heat from the already burned cooling bricks should
preferably be used to lighten the burning proper.

The different stages of the burning process should always
be easily observable. Such one is the

CEIMELEWSKI PATENT KILN

Dr. HERMAN RABERGH

Sole Agent in the U. S. A. and Canada

24 Cottage Ave. « Fitchburg, Mass.

C. E. Poston is pushing the work with forty men on
the new brick plant at Attica, Tnd.

C. Ericson, Yorkton Ass’ti, Canada, is to have a brick
works. Also the Doukhofors propose to have a yard.

A common and pressed brick plant will be started at
Grand Rapids, Minn. The company has already been or¬
ganized.

Brown & Harwell, Davidson, N. C., have put in ma¬
chinery from Charlotte at the old south end yard and will
soon make brick.

W. R. Whitney of Salina, Kan., is considering the
building of a large brick works at Garnett. The matter
is now before the Commercial Club.

C. J. Dunten, who has been connected with the C011-
guinez Brick & Tile Co., Martinez, Cal., will be at the head
of a new enterprise that has ordered machinery for another
plant.

Henry Matthews, Northampton, Mass., has completed
extensive improvements at their brick works on South
street, by installing a 50 h. p. gasoline engine for power
purposes.

Elsmore, Kan., is to have a brick making plant. R. E.
Cox and other business men are interested in making the
tests. The plant will be on the M. R. & T. Ry., one mile
north of town.

The Montgomery (Ala.) Brick & Tile Co. has been in¬
corporated with $100,000 capital stock. The incorporators
are H. B. Battle, 1. S. Stanton, J. W. Kelly and E. W.
Stay. The company purchased the McIntyre Brick Co.
and the Excelsior Brick Works.

FOR SALE

One 40 h.p. gasoline engine, one semi-automatic
side cut brick cutter. Wallace Mnfg. Co. make. One
disintegrator and dump table made by Horton Mnfg,
Co.; 75 good brick moulds, also trucks and wheel¬
barrows. All in good condition. Address

W. H. VANDER HAYDEN,

Ionia. Mich

BRICK AND TILE MACHINERY AT SACRIFICE

Where a country is tiled, factories are offered
complete, or in part, Cheap. Have several Brewer
Mills for sale, and others.

Engines, Boilers, Crushers. Drying Pipes, etc. If
you wish to buy or sell write.

Brick and Tile Machinery

Secor, Ill.

A MANUFACTURING PROPOSITION

Egyptian Sheet Plaster Co.

Jackson, Mich.

BRICK PLANT WANTED

Wanted to buy an interest in a pressed or paving
brick plant located in Central States and having
down draft kilns, or will take a position as manager
with privilege to purchase an interest.

Address: “Manager” Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Illinois

BRICK YARD FOR SALE

Good clay, good down draft Kilns; plenty of water;
good local demand; good shipping facilities. Address:
STATE BANK OF HAMILTON,

Hamilton, Illinois.

— - j— Amm M Jh JL Mamm* A m. mmmw W

ENGINES AND BOILERS

Corlis engines, 20x48, 18x36, 16x42, 12x36. Also 40
other sizes and styles in stock.

Boilers, Tubular, 84x18, 78x16, 72x18. Also 60 other
styles and sizes in stock.

Send specifications of your requirements and we
will make you a proposition that will interest you.

THE RANDLE MACHINERY CO.

1732 Powers St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

A COMPLETE BRICK-MAKING OUTFIT
FOR SALE CHEAP

We are consolidating our paving brick plants. This
throws out of use.

One Center Crank, 100 horse power Engine.

Two Boilers, 50 horse power each.

One Feed Pump.

One eight foot Frost Dry Pan, wood frame,

One Elevator. One Pug Mill.

One Augur Machine, 50,000 capacity.

One Freese Automatic Cutter.

Shafting, Pulleys and Belting. All in good working
order and valued at over $5000. Will sell same cheap.
Immediately delivery

STREATOR PAVING BRICK CO.

Streator, Illinois

FOR SALE.

Bight and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

Paper Joggera quoted.

R. A. HART. 41 Whitest.,

No better mule, cut tram
SB and $10, to

4 Wheel, $3 00

5 Wheel. $3.25

Guaranteed.
Sold by all dealers

BATTLE CREEK, MlOH

MEN WANTED

Six men experienced in Hollow block manufac¬
turing, highest wages; no labor trouble. Apply to
605 Diamond Bank Building I Ohio Clay Products Co.
Pittsburg, Pa. | Salineville, Ohio.

FOR SALE OR TRADE.

Two Brick and Tile Plants in Iowa and Illinois,
now running. Address,

THE KILN DOCTOR,

614 Fourth Street, Dayton, Ohio.

FOR SALE

A good Road Machinery Co.’s make, No. 4 Cham¬
pion Crusher, in perfect condition; very* little used;
no reasonable offer refused.

OHIO CI.AY PRODUCTS CO.

605 Diamond Bank Bldg. ,

Pittsburg, Pa.

FOREMAN WANTED

Wanted a general Foreman for a No. 1 fire brick
and farm Drain Tile Plant located in the Mississippi
Valley. Must be sober, up-to-date and a hustler.
Good wages to right party. Address:

"F. T.” GERMAN INSURANCE AGENCY
Rock Island, Illinois

FOR SALE

Modern Soft Mud Plant, city 12,000, good business,
good prices, abundance of clay and sand. Address,

Wm. M. REED,

Princeton; Ind.

FOR SALE CHEAP

1 wo American Clay Machinery Company’s No. 23
combined brick machines, with repair parts sufficient
to make machine first-class. Capacity 7500 to 10000
per hour. Greatest bargain Write for particulars.

GREAT EASTERN CLAY CO.

39 Cortland St., New York.

FOR SALE

One Chambers pug mil , practically new, sufficiently
large for any 1 utput. A first class machine in every
respect. Address

ALONZO CURTIS BRICK CO.,

Grant Park, Ills.

PRACTICAL MAN WANTED

“ILLINOIS” Care Clay Record

Chicago, Illinois

PLANT FOR SALE

A first-class tile and brick plant in best part of
Iowa. Capacity 15000 brick or tile in proportion.
Reason for selling, age. For particulars write to
H. L- SWIFT, Riverside, Iowa

COR SALE— CHEAP— New and re-laying rails, 18,
r 16, 30 and 25 pound. For prices, address

ATLAS CAR & MFG. CO ,

Cleveland, Ohio.

KAOLIN FOR SALE

Have just discovered and offer for sale the finest
qualitv of Kaolin ever mined in Georgia, or the south.

L. T. LEE, Zenith, Ga.

FOR SALE

Clay Disintegrator, new $50.00; Tempering Wheel
used only two seasons $35.00.

C. EUGENE KEMP
306 Locust St., Williamsport, Pa.

PLANT FOR SALE

On account of too much other business to look after
I will give you a bargain on a first-class brick and
tile plant located at Edgewood, Clayton County,
Iowa. For particulars write.

S. L. CLARK, Redfield, So. Dak

MACHINERY FOR SALE

Soft mud outfit manufactured by the American
Clay Working Machinery Co., consisting of Upright
Stock Brick Machines direct attached Pug Mill,
Mold Sander, Brick Molds, 5 Leaf Dump Table, 10,000
Wooden Palletts. All in fine condition; very reas¬
onable price. Apply to

BALTIMORE VITRIFIED BRICK CO.

Baltimore, Md.

FOR SALE

Startling sacrifice — Completely equipped ornamen¬
tal brick plant, excellent quality clay, on Baltimore
& Ohio Railroad in Ohio, has been bonded for
$80,000.00; for sale unencumbered for $10,000.00 cash.
Address: E. E SLOCUM

141 Broadway, New York

POSITION WANTED

Position wanted as Assistant or Superintendent-
Experienced in Press Brick, Paving Brick, Fire¬
proofing, Roof Tile Can give references. Address:
GEO. W. PHILLIPS

1505 St. James Street Los Angeles, Cal.

WANTED

By well known machinery manufacturer man
competent to handle Sales Ledger and Credits and
Collections. Applicant must have good habits and
furnish best references. Address:

“C” Care of CLAY RECORD

Chicago, Illinois

DO YOU WANT TO SELL YOUR BUSINESS?

DO YOU WANT TO EXCHANGE PROPERTIES?
DO YOU WANT TO BUY A BUSINESS?

If you want to buy, sell or exchange any kind of
business or real estate anywhere at any price,
address FRANK P. CLEVELAND,

1726 Adams Express Building Chicago, Illinois

MACHINERY FOR SALE

The following machinery not used by us but all
in good condition, will he sold at very reasonable
prices.

One Penfield Single Mould Power Re-Press, capa¬
city 10,000 a day.

Two Fate Company Bensing Automatic Side cut¬
ting tables. American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 1 Madison Ave., New York.

FOR SALE

For Sale— 75 Acres; 60 feet of :hale.

10 feet ol Fire Clay, 3 feet of Coal developed.
Excellent conditions Railroad track.

Price, $15,000. Address.

NEW CENTRAL COAL CO

Terre Haute, Ind.

POSITION WANTED

Young man with experience wants position as
manager or superintendent, stiff mud brick yard.
Can bring men to fill all the important positions
from foreman, burners and setters down.

Willing to go anywhere. Best references.

Address R, Care CLAY RECORD,

Chicago, Illinois.

PARTNER WANTED

A good, reliable man of experience, with some
capital to invest in and take charge of a new Dry
Press Brick Plant. Plenty of shale, and good mar¬
ket for all the brick. Address

DENIS, care Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

We offer for sale at a sacrifice the fol¬
lowing BOYD Presses;

One 3 flold Standard 1891 Pattern
Two 4 nold Standard 1897 Pattern

All in good condition. Inspection in¬
vited. Immediate shipment.

Harrison= Walker Refactories Co.,
Farmers Bank Building,

Pittsburgh, Pa.

STONE MAKING
MONEY MAKING

By the PETTYJOHN System
More Pettyjohn Concrete
Block Machines in use than
any other — there’s a reason.
Machines from $35 to $275.
Guaranteed in every way and
shipped on trial anywhere.
Let us tell you how to start a
Stone - Making- Money- Mak¬
ing factory in YOUR town.
Our catalog of concrete facts
is free.

The Pettyjohn Company

622 N. 6th St.. - TERRE HAUTE. IND.

THE WONDER OF THE AGE

Qrateless Furnace
Kiln

For Up-Draft Clamp
Kilns and Down-Draft
Kilns remodeled; also
plans for new Kilns
furnished. Yard rights
for sale.

Write for particulars to

F. E. SWIFT

514 West Fourth St.
Dayton Ohio

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902

S -A. OF X NAW , MICH.

Improved Koninick Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

CLAY WORlSrSHAND-BOOK

A Manual for all Engaged in the
Hanufacture of Articles from Clay

JUST OUT : : PRICE $2.00

NOW READY— A TREATISE ON

PRODUCER-GAS and
GAS-PRODUCERS

BY AN ACKNOWLEDGED AUTHORITY.

A 300-page book containing thirty chapters, giving the fundamental
principles and definitions, calculations, classifications, manufacture and
use; the fuel, the requirements, the history, its by-products, Producer-
Gas for firing kilns, steam boilers, and power plants. The
future of the Gas-producer and a bibliography.

OVER lOO CHOICE ILLUSTRATIONS— PRICE, $4.00.

A subscription to the CLAY RECORD for one year without additional
charge to those that are not now subscribers.

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO, ILL.

Main Yard and Office Branch Yard Banister River,

South Boston, Va. Branoh N. 4 W. Ry.

BOSTON BRICK COMPANY
Manufacturers of Plain and Fancy
Bric"k Cement Brick and Bloc%s
H. W. Cosby, Superintendent and General Manager.

South Boston, Va., January 19, 1907.
Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co.,

Marion, Ind.

Gentlemen: —

Yours truly,

Signed by H. W. Cosby, Supt. and Gen. Mgr. BOSTON BRICK CO.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Go,

Marion, Ind.

FOR SALE

A Fine Opportunity

On or prior to January ist., 1908, we shall discontinue the manufacture of
Brick Machines and brick yard supplies. We offer for sale at any fair bid our
business, good will, patterns, supplies and stock on hand. Our old reliable
Machines are sold throughout the entire United States without expense to. us
and any one who engages in manufacturing can increase their sale largely by
slight effort. These Machines have been made in this factory for thirty years.

The Tiffin Wagon Company, - * Tiffin, Ohio

CL- 75V RECORD.

Chicago Brick Machinery Co., Chicago, u. s. a

New Vibratory Piano Wire Screen

MANGANESE

FOR. ALL USES.

Lump(3rai^Ground

60-70^0 7O Q0% 80-0094 OXIDE.

Clay WoRKERs dooDs a Specialty:

SAMPLES and PRICES on INQUIRY.

KENDALL & FLICK

WASHINGTON, D.C. ,

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventative for scum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

new york

WEBSTER

INTERNATIONAL!

DICTIONARY,

NEEDED in every HOME,

SCHOOL and OFFICE.

Reliable, Useful, Attractive, Lasting, Up
to Date and Authoritative. 2380 Pages,
5000 Illustrations. Recently added 25,000
New Words, New Gazetteer and New Bio¬
graphical Dictionary. Editor W. T. Harris,
Ph.D., LL.D., United States Com. of Ed’n.
Highest Awards at St. Louis and Portland.

Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. Largest of
our abridgments. Regular and Thin Paper
editions. Unsurpassed for elegance and con¬
venience. 1116 pages and 1400 illustrations.

Write for “The Story of a Book”— Free.
Gffc C. MERRIAM CO., Springfield; Mass.

GET THE BEST.

Clay Record

Is semi-monthly
It Costs

One Dollar

A Year

G. K, WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

i Something New In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Dennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
Operation, having many
points of advantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April 14,
1903 and September 8. 1903.
Brick plants installed and
put in operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water Sf., Norfolk, Va.

l
>
>

i
►
>
>
>
■A

Absolutely safe and reliable.

Ask your friends

A WOODEN TOWER

Is a source of annoyance and danger. It is
liable to rot and collapse at any time. A

CALDWILL STEEL TOWER

is safe, staunch and durable and will carry
four times the weight of the filled tank.
Expensive labor is not necessary to erect
these outfits, your own men can do it. We
furnish all plans.

Send for illustrated catalogue and price list.

g W. E. CALDWELL CO.,

Louisville, Ky.

IMMMtMIMtmMMMUtatmtlUMl

FIRE! FIRE!
EXTINGUISHERS

For all Purposes

“Utica” No. 2 for Homes
“ No. 3 “ Factories

“ No. 4 “ Fire Departments

“ No. 7 “ Launches and Cars

“ No. 8 “ Steamships and Cars

“CHILDS” for Insurance requirements.
Approved, Tested and Labeled by the
Underwriters’ Laboratories

O. J. CHILDS COMPANY

Sole Manufacturers

UTICA - ■= = N. Y.

i PERFECTION BRICK MOULDS

PATENTEO JAM. 28, 1902.

These are the
bind of Brick
Moulds the Brick
Makers have al¬
ways wanted but
could not gee till
now. You can
get a mould that
the vents are
right all the time
No change
whether the
Mould is vat or
dry. Try a sam¬
ple order. Satis¬
faction guaran¬
teed.

THE ARHOLO-GREAGER CO.

Manufacturers of Brick Machinery
and Supplies of all Kindi.

NEW LONDON, OHIO.

■

TWO PAPERS FOR THE PRICE OF ONE

BOTH PAPERS FOIK. $1.00

For a limited time only we will send both papers one year for
$1.00. Send us $1.00, check, stamps, money order, or currency,
and both papers, The Concrete Age and The Southern
Architect, will come to you twelve months. Subscribe today.

THE SOUTHERN ARCHITECT 1Vla°nxtI4.6^

idW A ]

Their Occurence, Properties and Uses

With special reference to those of the
United States, by Heinrich, Ries Ph. D.

8 Vol. 490 pages, 65 figures, 44 plates

PRICE $5.00 NET

Clay Record Publishing Co.,

Chicago, Illinois

►

•MRMBHHBHHHBi-JHUHaHHMaHBBa

f Brick Moulds and
: Brick Barrows

® With Moulds and Barrows it is not the first

a cost, but it is, will they last? We havo made

i them for over 30 years and know your wants,

a All kinds and shapes. A trial order will ooa-

• vinoe.

James B. Crowell & Son,

Wallkill, N. Y.

H. !MI. DEAVITT,

PRACTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMIST,
Garden City Block,

CHICAGO.

Analyses of Clay, Sand, Lime, Cement Materials and
Shales a specialty.

Special attention given to the preparation of Clay Pro¬
ducts from the raw material.

A well equipped laboratory and long experience in this
branch of work enables us to give expert reports on obtaining
glazes on refractory materials.

All enquiries in regard to the above will receive prompt
attention.

“New Era

Gas and

Gasoline Engines

and GAS PRODUCERS

If you want a perfect built, and successful running Gas
Engine, order the New Era, which has our Patented Water
Jacketed Solid Cylinder Head, requiring no Packing. We
use a Strap Style Connecting Rod, which never breaks, Aux=
iliary and Regular Exhaust, Make and Break Electric Igniter.
We have more good points in the construction of the New Era
than anv other Gas Engine built. Sizes from \y2 to 150 Horse
Power

For Catalogue and further information, write to

THE NEW ERA GAS ENGINE CO ■ 95^ ^DAJUE AVE?

JEFFREY W CONVEYORS

WILL. HAXDLE

YOUR PRODUCT ECONOMICALLY

ADDRESS THE

JEFFREY UFO. CO.

COLUMBUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

New York, Chicago, Boston, St. L,ouis and Denver.

s r

3 Grinding Pans— Dry and Wet

Tell us the kind of material and capacity you
have and we will quote you accordingly.
We make CRUSHERS also.

Phillips & McLaren -

B0RT0N & TIERNEY CO.

Pittsburg, Pa.

Philadelphia, Pa.

EASTERN SALES AGENTS

HICKS CLAY CO.

MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF

Best grade clays which can be manufactured into
anything known to the clay trade.

We have an inexhaustible supply covering 230
acres and 70 feet deep. Unexcelled facilities for prompt
shipments and can load any amount at any time.

All clays 75 cents per ton, f. o. b. for this year only.

We also offer special inducements for parties desiring
to locate and will entertain any legitimate proposition
even to furnishing one-half of the capital for any sized
plant.

We are located advantageously at junction point of
the Chicago & Alton R. R. and also on the C. B. & Q.,
70 miles north of St. Louis, Mo.

Samples and analysis of all clays sent free upon
request. Correspondence solicited.

H. C. WORCESTER, Secy. CHAS. T. HICKS, Pres.

R00DH0USE, ILL. DRAKE, ILL.

A well-tried and

proven Success.

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

Price Right,

Write Us

ALL STYLES

STYLE IVo. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,
. ( Patented . )

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

USTIILTES, OHIO

CLKY RECORD.

.kthur Koppel Company

Steel Double Side Dump Cars of
^ Every Description

Complete Installation of
Industrial and Portable

RAILROADS

Immediate Delivery

Of Portable Track, Steel Dump Cars,
Switches, Frogs, Turntables, Rails,
Dryer Cars, Transfer Cars etc.

Write for Catalog No. 48

ARTHUR

KOPPEL

COMPANY

135 Morris Bldg., New York 1641=6 Monadnock Block, Chicago
53 Oliver Street, Boston 1606 Machesney Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.

1514 Chronicle Bldg., San Francisco

Works at

0 * 0^
e*Ver CountV »

CountV i

Trade-Mark.

STEAM PRESSES

SEWER PIPE and DRAIN TILE

MACHINERY

DRY AND WET PANS

Socket Dies, Ring Dies,
Cluster Tile Dies

Write us for prices. State capacity wanted.

THE TURNER VAUGHN & TAYLUR GO.

CUYAHOGA FALLS, OHIO, U. S. A.

CLKY RECORD.

Sand Lime Brick Machinery

FURNISHED BY

THE SEMISTEEL COMPANY

CLEVELAND - - - OHIO

Write for Further Information

WHY YOUROWN BRICK CUTTING WIRES

When You Can Buy Ready Hade Cheaper?

BEND FOB SAMPLES AND PRICES.

GEORGE S. COX, East Liverpool, Ohio.

SAND-LIME BRICK MACHINERY

Furnished and Installed by the

International Sand=Lime Brick £?> Machinery Co.

(Incorporated under the laws of the State of New York)

Under the Safest and Strongest Guarantees.

Inventors and Owners of the “ Division Method” (patented in
the United States and all Foreign Countries)

Write for information to the

International Sand-Lime Brick & Machinery Co.

156 Liberty Street
NEW YORK

OLHY RECORD.

The Thew Steam Shovels

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 0 Shovel— Ohio Brick Co., Toledo, Ohio.

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to.
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information,

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

I>ORAIN, OHIO

**Be sure you are right, then go ahead,**

G. E. Luce Engineering Co.

(G E. LUCE, Practical Mechanical Engineer)

Sixth Floor, Plymouth Bldg., 303 Dearborn St.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Designer and Constructor for all

Kinds of Clay=Working Plants

B uilding, paving and pressed brick, tile, hollow block and fire-proofing plants
plan and specifications prepared.

Designed and reconstructed several of the largest plants in this country.

Years of experience in this particular field, ancf formerly engineer in charge
of construction for the Illinois Brick Co. of Chicago.

Machinery, drying and burning troubles corrected.

Examination of properties, clays tested, and advise as to the possibilities of •
success of either old or new plants.

Note the Strength, Note the Convenience, Note the Capacity

IF YOU WANT QUALITY — A FULL VALUE FOR THE MONEY—

YOU HAVE IT HERE

Write for Complete Description, We build every Machine and Appliance needed in Clay
Working Plants. Every Machine we build is a Standard of Quality, Distinctive
in Design, Quality and Operation. Let us figure with You.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY COMPANY -

CLAY RECORD.

No. 64 Nine Foot Pan

New Desig'n— Nothing' Like It

BUCYRUS, OHIO
U. S. A.

DRY PRESS BRICK

MACHINERY

All joints carefully fitted. All gearing heavy
and strong. Side frames massive. Adjustable
mold feed and pressure. Long dwelling pres¬
sure. Smooth, dense, perfect brick. '

We build Stiff, Soft Mud and Sand-Lime
Brick Machinery, all kinds of Dryers and their
equipment. We build all our own Dryers
and can guarantee them.

THE

American Clay Machinery Co.

BUCYRUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

‘ ( ;-'T\ f*l

• .

STIFF MUD BRICK MACHINERY

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

We build other machines, larger and smaller capacity, same
quality. We build everything needed to make clay products.
Also Dryers that we can guarantee. Write for catalog.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

No 62 HAND-POWER ROTARY BRICK CUTTER

Your Choice of Cutters
Your Choice of Movements

W E BUILD the most dependable line of
sand-lime brick machinery on the
market including every tool appliance
or machine required in a modern
sand-lime brick-plant. Our cata¬
logue of this line of machinery
is yours for the asking. It
tells of the quality of each
machine and quality of
machinery is the key¬
stone of success in
the manufacture
of sand-lime
brick.

We also
build a full
line of machinery
and appliances for
making clay products
by all processes. Write
concerning your needs.

The American
Clay Machinery
Company

WILLOUGHBY, OHIO. TJ. S.

♦

LOCATIONS

: FOR POTTERIES, BRICK AND

TILE PLANTS

♦

: I

t The very 'finest deposits of Kaolin, Fire and other Clays in ♦
T great abundance along the T

;

♦

LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE RAILROAD

In the States of KENTUCKY. TENNESSEE, ALA¬
BAMA, GEORGIA, MISSISSIPPI, and FLORIDA.
Cheap Fuel. Good Markets. Unexcelled Transporta¬
tion Facilities. For further (particulars, address

Q. A. PARK,

General Immigration and Industrial Agent

LOUISVILLE, - KY.

University of Kllinois

Colleges and Schools of Literature and
Arts, Science, Engineering, Agriculture,
Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy,
Library Science and Education.

DEPARTMENT OF CLAY WORKING AND CERAMICS

ESTABLISHED IN 1905

Offers opportunities to students wishing technical
instruction which will help them to overcome the dif¬
ficulties confronting the manufacturer of clay products.

Free scholarships arelopen to regular students from
Illinois. Laboratory expenses reasonable.

For further information address the Registrar,
W. L. Pillsbury, or the Director,

Professor C. W. ROLFE,

Urbana, Illinois.

WHAT THE

“SCIENTIFIC

SYSTEM”

CAN DO FOR YOU

The “SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”

offers you the opportunity of
entering into the manufacture
of the coming building: ma¬
terial

SAND LIME

BRICK

This brick is strong and
durable. It can be manufac¬
tured in less time and at a
lower cost than any other
brick on the market.

OUR SCIENTIFIC
SYSTEM

will enable you to manufac¬
ture SAND LIME BRICK of the
very highest quality in less
than 24 HOURS.

The "SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”
is the only system which
ABSOLUTELY INSURES uniform
quality of product. Our Pre¬
paring machine “RELIANCE”
is practically AUTOMATIC in
its operation, mixing: and
preparing the raw materials
with the utmost precision,
yet requiring the services of
but ONE COMMON LABORER to
operate it.

We are ENGINEERS and
CONTRACTORS to the SAND
LIME BRICK INDUSTRY and

will erect and equip your
plant with the machinery of

the SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM” and

start you on the road to suc¬
cess.

Writ* us for particulars and we can
undoubtedly refer you to a plant
equipped by us and situated
in your vicinity

ScND FOR CATALOG No'. 18

' J J^VJ i JJi// 1 JsU *

iYs™ mmm

SATISFACTION

Is the only code word we can use for our WASTE HEAT DRYER.

GET CATALOGUE No. 5& S

NEW YORK BLOWER CO. 25th PI. and Stewart Ave. Chicago

HMMHIIMMNNHHtINHMMNIMNMIM

BOOKS YOU NEED IN YOUR BUSINESS

The Repair and riaintenance of Machinery

By Thomas W. Barber, C. E. A hand book of practical
notes and memoranda for engineers and machinery users,

186 pages — 117 lllnstrations— 8 vo., cloth . $3.50

How to Run Engines and Boilers

By Egbert Pomeroy Watson. A practical instruction for
young engineers and steam users. 125 pages— illustrated—

16 mo., cloth . $1.00

A Handbook of Engineering Laboratory Practice

Calcareous Cements

By G. R. Redgrave, C E. Their nature properties, and use.

The composition and process of making Portland and other
cements, analysis and cost . . $3.50

American Cements

Bo Uriah Cummings. A treatise on the nature and prop¬
erties of natural and artificial hydraulic cements. 299
pages— Illustrated— 16 mo., cloth . $3.00

Notes on Concrete and Works in Concrete

Portland Cement

By B. D. Butler, Asso. M. Inst. C. E. A complete treatise
on the manufacture, testing and use of Portland cement.
Contains 360 pages, 85 illustrations, 8 vo., cloth bound, price $6.00

Architects’ and Engineers’ Hand Book of Reinforced
Concrete Construction

This book describes and explains thoroughly the various
forms of modern concrete construction. 172 illustrations,

218 pages. Price . $2.00

The Blasting of Rock

In mines, quarries or tunnels. A. W. & Z. W. Daw. A com¬
plete book giving weight of blast, how, when and where to
make it. 270 pages— 8 v&, cloth ... . $6.00

Steam Boilers

By James Peattie. Their management and workings on
land and sea— very complete. 230 pages— 12 mo., cloth . $2.00

The Pottery aud Porcelain of the United states

Ay Edward Lee Barber, A. M., Ph. D. 210 illustrations

Octavo., gilt top . 93.50

The Story of the Potter

By Charles F. Binns. A popular account of the pottery and
porcelain industry. 250 pages— Illustrated— 16 mo . 76

Architectural Pottery

Translated from the French. Brictas, tiles, pipes, enamelled
terra cotta, stoneware, mosaics, faiences, and architectural
stoneware. In two parts. 8 vo., 496 illustrations. Price . $7.50

Notes on Pottery Clay

The distribution, properties, uses and analysis of ball clays,
china clays, and china stone. Crown— 8 vo., 132pages, price.$1.50

Chemistry of Pottery

By Simeon Shaw. The chemistry of the Several natural
and artificial heterogeneous compounds used in the manu¬
facturing of porcelaiu, glass and pottery. 750 pages, price .$5.00

Engineering, Practice and Theory

By W. H. Wakeman. 184 pages— 5x7J4 inches. Price . $1.00

Sillco-Calcareous Sandstones (Sand Lime Brick)

By Ernst Stoffler. Treats on the formation of artificial brick
made from a mixture of lime and sand under the influence
of moisture. Raw materials, methods, manufacture.

Shows outline drawing of factories, elevations to detail.

Ground plans and Sectional Elevations, .price . $1.00

Brick, Tiles and Terra Cotta

261 engravings— 8 vo., cloth . $10.00

Transactions of the American Ceramic Society

Containing the papers and discussions of the society. The
most complete information published. 6 vols. Price, each. 94.00

Manual of Ceramic Calculations

This book was compiled with great care and most com¬
plete. Price . $1.00

Will be sent postpaid on receipt of priceo

ORDERS^TO CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY, 303 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO, U. S. A.

•••••••••••••••••••••

GLMY RECOFcu,

Chicag'o Iron Clad Dryers

Are Invincible

Constructed with highest attainments in science of steam fitting and appliances
for economizing fuel. The Iron Clad for rapid drying, the Tender Clay for all clay
products that crack easily.

For perfection and economy in drying they are beyond competition.

Barron Tender Clay Dryer, Which DOES THE WORK

We construct and install "Dryers adapted to drying all clay
products With greatest perfection and economy in fuel and labor

BARRON DRYER CO., 84 La Salle St., CHICAGO, ILL.

A A a « ■■ ■ r -A a ■

FAMOUS

“MARTIN”

MARTIN’S

LATEST

IMPROVED

STYLE

“A”

DOUBLE

MOULD

ENTRANCE

BRICK

MACHINE

HAVE U SEEN
IT WORK?

IT’S TO TOUR INTEREST

BRICK

MACHINERY

YARD SUPPLIES

THAT ARE BUILT

FOR HARD WORK

BARROWS & TRUCKS,
PUG MILLS,

CLOD BREAKERS,
CRUSHERS,
MOULD SANDERS,
GRINDERS,

SAND DRYERS,
SCREENS,
HOISTING DRUMS
CLAY CARS,
BRICK MOULDS,
ETC., ETC.,

ATi PRICES CONSISTENT
WITH QUALITY

BUILT

RIGHT

AN D
LEFT

MOULD

ENTRANCE

BETTER WRITE
AND ASK ABOUT
THIS IMPROVED
BRICK MACHINE

DISINTEGRATORS

CAN WE HAVE

YOUR ORDER?

The “MARTIN COMPANY” Furnish Plans Showing the Best Way to Handle the Clays'?

No. 1 AUGER MACHINE

ITS UP TO YOU FOR GOOD RESULT*
THIS SEASON

“MARTIN”

LANCASTER

PENNA . . . U. S. A.

HAVE YOU MADE THAT THOROUGH
INVESTIGATION?

CLAY WORKING
ENGINEERS

AT YOUR . . . SERVICE

$ ^KQhS (tiH<JO KiSdO {dclOKj q

CLHV RECORD.

/ 67

MARTIN STEAM BRICK
“DRYING SYSTEM”

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699109
October 10, 1906. No. 95520
November 14, 1906, No. 804489

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

, SUPERIOR IN EVERY RESPECT TO ANY OTHER SYSTEM— Labor Saving Throughout.
Dispenses with Truckers and car Pushers. Pallets Automatically Return to Brick
Machine. Quick to install and low in price, and takes up very little Yard room.

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFG. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

HclOWOclOWW^ Ql2jH<|i>(D i

MONABCH STOCK BRICK MACHINE
Capacity, from 30,000 1«* 51X000

THE QUAKER

Horse or Steam Power. Capacity, 20.00 to 3Sj09§

OF, TILE MACHINE WITH AUTOMATIC TABLE

B. E. LaDOW, - - Fredonia. Kansas.

CLHY RECORD

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR -MOLD “SPECIAL”

Its Record: More Boyd Presses in actual operation than of all other Press Brick Machines
combined. Write for Catalogue.

Chisholm, Boyd

OFFICE AND WORKS: 57tli and WALLACE STREETS

& White Co.,

Chicago, Illinois

CI-HY RECORD

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR = MOLD “ACME”

IT’S NAME A GUARANTEE. The Four-Mold Press above illustrated is our latest improved
machine of this design. Over ONE HUNDRED now in use. Especially adapted for working shales.

A BUSINESS PROPOSITION

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.

OFFICE AND WORKS: 67th and WALLACE STREETS TII.m/iIo

SAND-LIME, BRICK

MACHINERY

‘BOYD QUALIFY

MODERN&METHODS «A & <* NO EXPERIMENTING

Sand-Lime Brick Plants designed and
complete machinery equipment furnished,
installed and set in operation. Machinery
and product guaranteed.

Correspondence solicited.

CHISHOLM, BOYD & WHITE COMPANY

OFFICE AMD WORKS, 57th AND WALLACE STREETS

CHICAGO : i : : : ILLINOIS

GLKY RECORD,

CURES ALL PRESS TROUBLES. The only Press specially
designed for this work and the only Press having Hinged Mold Table
and Removable Mold. Our special Press Catalogue tells all about it.

Send for Illustrated "Booklet

American Sand=Lime ‘Brick Company

Great Northern Building, Chicago

The White BricK Press

FOR MAKING

SAND-LIME BRICK

The BERG for the highest grade
of pressed brick of shale or
clay. It makes all kinds of
shapes and sizes of brick.
Changes from one shape to
another can be made in
less than an hour’s time.

First - Class W orkman-
ship. Cut Gearing. Fully
Warranted.

The BERG makes the
best sand-lime brick and
cheapest because it is the
strongest machine and
gives the highest pres¬
sure. Thirty-five sand-
lime plants in United
States use the BERG

Three distinct
pressures make
the brick evenly
pressed all
through. No
granulated cen¬
ters of the brick.

The BERG is
the best for sand
and cement be-
cause of its
strong pressure.
Uses less c e -

The BERG MAKES the highest
grade of fire brick. Can
make all kinds of shapes
desired for fire-brick
purposes.

BERG BRICK PRESS

The highest development of the
Art of Brickmaking Machinery
so pronounced by the United
States Government.

Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY.

The 1905 Berg Press

For prices and full particulars, address

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO, OIMT., CANADA

ment, makes cheaper brick.

OLKY RECORD.

Rocking and Dumping Grates
tor Kiins. r Save coat, save labor ,
and do away with checked brick.
Send for “ Lecture on Combus¬
tion,” by His Satanic Majesty.

Patented,

U. S. SELF CLEANING GRATE
In position ready lor use. Part ot trame cut away to show connection below.

Chicago Brick Machinery Co.

1308 Great Northern Bldg.

New White Press New Model BerS Pres*

In addition to our well known BERG PRESS, we are now
bringing out our new WHITE PRESS for day-brick work. It is
especially recommended for difficult and refractory day. By far
the most powerful press built. Removable molds, changed in SEVEN
minutes. Special catalogue and full particulars on application.

Something New for 1907

Auger Machine

Combination Machine

UP=TO=DATE MACHINERY

Full
Fine of
BricRyard
Specialties
and

Supplies

For Making all Kinds of Brick-

Dry Pressed, Wire Cut,
Sand Moulded

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross= Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

"he strongest and most efficient Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
tfves three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER

TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK 1

MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, .

ST. LOUIS, MO.

CLHY RECORD

Did you

ever

inquire

into the

merits of

the

Scott

Noiseless

Plant?

SCOTT MANUFACTURING CO.

602 Commonwealth Trust Building :: St. Louis, Mo.

The Andrus F our Mold Brick Press

“THE PRESS THAT SCOTT BUILDS"

Over 100 in use throughout
the United States and Can¬
ada. 21 of them right here
in the St. Louis District.

7 of them
on one plant

CLHY RECORD.

THE FERNHOLTZ BRICK MACHINERY CO.

MANUFACTURERS OF

DRY PRESSES, PULVERIZERS, MIXERS, ETC.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

BOYLE AND OLD MENCHESTER, ST. LOUIS, MO.

This Hand Press makes Brick equal in density to those made on a power press.
Every Brick PERFECT. Extensively used for ornamental and special design.

FOR

CLAY

AND

SHALE

BRICKS

FOR

CEMENT

AND

SAND-

LIME

BRICKS

RELIANCE
DRY PRESS

( patented )

THE ONLY MACHINE MAKING BRICK WITHOUT GRANULATED CENTERS.

We Design and Equip Dry Press Brick Plants Complete
WRITE TO-DAY FOR PARTICULARS. AAA SEND US A SAMPLE OF YOUR CLAY.

ADDRESS

THE RELIANCE MACHINE AND TOOL WORKS

ST. LOUIS, MO.

un r. . . .. nrv DRY

RELIANCE

PRESS

NO TOGGLES,
POWERFUL,
SIMPLE,
STRONG,
DURABLE,
EFFICIENT,

\wm>w?Mwwm?MMwmwMww,wmwMwwmwm

CLHY RECORD,

ARE YOU INTERESTED IN A CUTTER
THAT WILL DOUBLE YOUR
PROFITS FOR 1907?

The Hix “Happy THougHt” Automatic Cutter will do it. This
Cutter is without an equal as it does what others can not do.
Will cut end or side cut brick, Hollow blocks or conduits any
length or size desired. The capacity is unlimited. No clay
wasted, every bricK a perfect one, no complicated machinery to
get out of order and give annoyance.

It Will Pap You to Write Us for Particulars

The Wallace Manufacturing Company

FRANKFORT, IND , TJ. S. A.

CLHY RECORD.

A NEW COMPOUND CRUSHER

THE design of this crusher makes it very difficult for choke or clog between the two
parts to happen, for the lower rolls are 6 inches wider face than the upper ones, but
if a choke should occur, the open construction of the frame allows its immediate
removal without stopping the machine. Any roll can be removed without removing any
other and without tearing down the whole machine. All roll shells are removable and
made of white-iron. For what other compound crusher can you say the same?

THE, BREWER NO. 11

is a machine of decided merit. It weighs 14000 pounds; frames cast in one piece; white-
iron removable roll-shells, including disintegrating roll; journals divided diagonally to
throw the strain into the boxes; upper rolls 20 in. diameter, 24 in. face; lower rolls 20 in.
diameter 30 in. face.

Ask for Bulletin No. 7 which tells all about it

BREWER & CO

TECUMSEH

MICHIGAN

UNION BRICK MACHINES

We build these Machines in five sizes* Capacities to 10,000
brick per hour*

Several hundred are in everyday use* They do first-class
work and are convenient, economical and durable. This can be
verified by investigation*

We also build Brick Machines with separate Pug Mill.

Don't forget our Automatic Cutters* They give satis-

faction.

State your requirements and let us furnish particulars.

E. M.

GALION

& CO.

OHIO

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

horizonFal brIcFmachine

CLKY RECORD,

BRICK DRYERS

The largest and best. The drying done
upon an entirely new principle. Brick
made today. Set in Kiln tomorrow.
Thoroughly dry. Will dry the most
tender clay with no loss from cracking.

It has No cars

No transfer cars

No rail

No ties

No fans

No extra engine

No high or expensive stack

The best dryer on the market. Manu¬
factured by

C. & A. POTTS & CO.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Machinery for Building Brick

AND FOR STREET PAVERS

Weight
about
11,000 pounds
G apaclt j
2,000 bricks
per hour.

k. " YyMh ; :W- •• Vi'VJs ;• '

•i H

L2idr>-^

1 : T

ft’

wt- ■ 1 ' •

« |

Single Crank
Movement
Working
Machinery

all above the

Mold Box.

THE PHILADELPHIA REPRESS.

Automatic End Cut Brick Machines of five sizes, having capacity

from 10,000 to over 100,00 brick daily under

favorable conditions*

CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY

52D A/ND MEDIA STREETS

E. R. FRAZIER, Chicago Agent,

59 West Jackson Boulevard.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

CLHY RECORD.

12 Ft DOUBLE GEARED PUG MILL TYPE “C”

Heavy Shafts and Large Faced Gears

Write for Our new Circular No. 12 describing some new Models of Brick Machinery

The BONNOT COMPANY

CANTON, OHIO

NO. 9 AUGER BRICK MACHINE

Capacity 50,000 to 70,000. The Machine for Diffi¬
cult Clays. Heavy Shafts -Steel Gears -Accessibility

Modern Brie

Machinery

•20

CLHY RECORD.

THE GUILDER

ELEVATING and
LOWERING
BRICK CAR

FOR OPEN AIR SYSTEM OF DRYING

Write us in regard to this car and also let us tell you all about the
“PREMIER” line of Clay-Working Machinery.

The J. D. F ate Company

PLYMOUTH, OHIO

Vol. XXX. No. ii.

CHICAGO, JUNE 15, 1907.

Semi-Monthly, 91-00 perTeer
Single Copies, - IO Cent.

Paper read before the Twenty-first Annual Convention of the
National Brick Manufacturers’ Association, held at St. Louis, Mo.,
Feb. 7, 1007.

STRENGTH OF BRICK AND BRICK PIERS

BY JAMES E. HOWARD, WATERTOWN ARSENAL, MASS.

The results of tests of brick and brick piers, which I
have the honor to here present, are selected from those
which have been made 'in the testing laboratory at the
Watertown Arsenal.

From these reports, and from current tests which will
appear in subsequent volumes, certain results have been
brought together, results which are thought to be repre¬
sentative of tbeir respective kinds of materials, as qualified
by the explanatory remarks relating to them.

Ericks are possessed of those physical properties which
are common to other materials of construction. That is,
they have strength to sustain loads, elastic properties where-

A Brick Pier in the Testing Machine, with Micrometer for Measuring Compressions in Place on the Upper Side

Watertown Arsenal Testing Laboratory

In this laboratory various kinds of construction materials
are tested, the results of wthich are published annually by
the Ordnance Department, United States Army, in re¬
ports entitled ‘‘Tests of Metals and Other Materials for In¬
dustrial Purposes,” congressional documents for public dis¬
tribution. Twenty-five volumes have /bus far been pub¬
lished.

by their dimensions are slightly changed during the period
of loading, springing back to their original shapes, or near¬
ly so, when the loads are removed ; they expand and con¬
tract with changes of temperature, and it appears that their
volumes are slightly affected when saturated with water,
swelling minutely but perceptibly when wet.

Properties inherent in individual bricks are reproduced

GLKV RECORD,

in piers constructed therefrom, modified, however, by the
properties of the mortar in which the bricks are laid, and
mortars vary according to their composition and age. In
general, the properties of constructive materials are found
to present marjv variable elements, some of which are un¬
der control and some are not.

Main Room of|The]Watertown~ Arsenal Testing Laboratory,
800,000 lbs, Emery Testing Machine

Passing at once to the subject of individual brick, val¬
ues for the co-efficient of expansion by heat have been
observed over a range from .0000020 to .0000074 per unit
of length per degree Fahrenheit. An ordinary value would
be in the vicinity of 30 to 40 ten-millionths, that is, some¬
what less than steel, which has a value a little above
.0000060.

In making these determinations the brick were heated
in water baths, basing the value of the co-efficients upon
the contractions displayed in passing from the bath of
boiling water to one at about freezing temperature. It
was necessary to use the measurements taken on falling
temperatures to eliminate the effect of the swelling of the
brick due to absorption of water.

No. 1. Rate of Absorption. Brick from Different Parts of the Kiln

ABSORPTION BY WEIGHT - PER CENT

T0P l/3 2/3 BOTTOM

MUD BRICK . r ULL LINES — DRY P RESSED . DOT T ED LINES

The brick usually swelled and were longer on the gauged
lengths when in water at 33 degrees Fahrenheit than origin¬
ally, when dry and in the air at 68 degrees. Moreover,
after having been through the hot water bath and re¬
turned to the cold one, their lengths were found still further
increased.

When a brick, saturated with water, is frozen, it expands,
due to the action of the water therein. The amount of
such expansion in going from 33 degrees Fahrenheit down
to say 25 degrees, measured on a length of six inches,
has been found to range from a few ten-thousandths of an
inch to above one-half a hundredth of an inch. Not in¬
frequently, freezing a brick saturated with water is attend¬
ed with a permanent increase in its length.

The elastic properties of brick have been observed, meas¬
uring the compressibility of the material as loads are ap¬
plied and determining the permanent sets, when such have
been acquired. Light hard and salmon brick are most
compressible, hard burnt and vitrified brick least compress¬
ible.

No. 2. Brick from Different Parts of Kiln. Stress-Strain Curves

MUD BRICK. TULL LINES — DRY PRESSED DOTTED LINES

The moduli of elasticity, deducting the permanent sets
in computing these values, range from less than 1,000,000
to a maximum of 10,000,000 pounds per square inch. Per¬
manent sets, when they occur, are usually of small magni¬
tude. From this it follows that the curves of compressibil¬
ity are nearly straight lines ; that is, in individual cases the
amount of compression of a brick is nearly proportional
to the load which is placed upon it.

The compression of the brick, in the direction in which
the load is applied, is accompanied by an expansion in a
lateral direction which, as well as theMirect compression,
is a measurable quantity. The usual ratio of lateral ex¬
pansion to longitudinal compression falls between the lim¬
its of one-fifth and one-tenth.

No. 3. Strength of Brick from Different Parts of the Kiln

MUD BRICK. PULL LINCS — DRY PRCSSCD.OFCN LINCS

Density of structure is shown by the amount of water
which a brick will absorb. Usually the absorption is re¬
ported in percentage, by weight. A better method seems
to be to judge of the voids by the volume of water ab-

CLHV RECORD,

sorbed. Water enters a porous brick very promptly, less
rapidly in the harder ones, but complete saturation is not
accomplished even at the end of a week’s immersion. Ad¬
ditional water is absorbed by exposure in a bath of hot
water.

The compressive strength of brick extends over a wide
range in values. The weight per cubic foot of the material,
its density of structure, modulus of elasticity and com¬
pressive strength are mutually dependent features, and all
are influenced more or less by the conditions of manufac-

intervals during the early stages of immersion. It appears
that a considerable part of the water eventually absorbed
entered some of the samples during the first fifteen sec¬
onds of immersion. After this time absorption went on
slowly. The upper horizontal lines indicate the amounts
which were absorbed at the expiration of a week’s time. The
lesser amounts of water absorbed by the brick from the top
of the kiln over those farther down will be noted.

No. 6. Steel, Cast-Iron, Brick and Cement Stress-Strain Curves

No. 4. Vitrified Brick — St. Louis, Mo.

COMP. STRENGTH 38,446 LBS. PER SQ-IN.
MOD. OF E. 8,510,000 • »

WEIGHT PER CU.FT. 145-4 LBS-
ABSORPTION BY WEIGHT .21 PER CENT
BY VOLUME .5 PER CENT

</>

3 10.000

5,000

0 05 .10

COMPRESSION - PER CENT

ture. The records of tests on compressive strength are nu¬
merous and generally available to all. Reports of tests of
metals, 1894, and following years, contain many such re¬
sults. Nearly 500 State, Territorial and other libraries are
designated depositories for congressional documents, where
these volumes may be examined by those who do not have
them personally.

No. 6. Some High Compressive Strengths in Constructive Materials

A number of lantern slides have been prepared to illus¬
trate features connected with the properties of brick, brick
piers and other materials of construction, which will now
be thrown upon the screen.

No. 1. — The rate of absorption of some dry pressed and
mud brick, which were burned side by side in a down draft
kiln, is here shown.

The mud brick are shown by full lines, the dry pressed
by dotted ones. These samples were weighed at frequent

No. 2. — On this diagram are shown the stress-strain
curves of the samples of the preceding slide. The great¬
est degree of rigidity is displayed by those from the top of
the kiln becoming more compressible as they are taken
from the lower parts. The order in which these curves are
plotted is the same as in the preceding slide, with reference
to their position in the kiln. It will be noticed that the mud
bricks from the bottom of the kiln displayed as much com¬
pressibility under a load of 4,000 ' pounds as the corre¬
sponding brick from the top displayed under twice the load.

No. 3. — The variation in compressive strength is equally
pronounced, according to position in the kiln, as shown by
the diagram now upon the screen. The weights per cubic
foot of the material are entered along the lower edge of
the diagram. The highest strength corresponds with the
greatest weight. This is characteristic, also, of other ma¬
terials of construction, high resistance and high density of
structure being found in the same samples.

No. 7. Strength of Brick Pieirs Under Different Conditions

No. 4. — The properties of a remarkable brick are shown
on this diagram. So phenomenal was its compressive
strength that it is fully deserving of a special diagram of
its own. To St. Louis belongs the honor of producing this

brick, which far exceeded in strength any brick heretofore
tested at Watertown Arsenal. This sample was tested on
end, and reached a total load of 376,000 pounds on a surface
of 2.45 inches by 3.99 inches in cross section dimensions.
Fragments of this brick have been brought here for inspec¬
tion, and are held in great respect.

No. 5. — The laboratory records were gone over, and from
them were selected the results which appear on the diagram
now on the screen. These tests represent the highest of their
respective classes. They are what have been attained, and
are presented as standards of excellence. The granite of
51,990 pounds per square inch compressive strength came
from a quarry in Asheville, N. C. Ordinary granites range
from 20,000 to 30,000 pounds per square inch. The cement
rock represents the stone from which a natural cement is ob¬
tained from New York State. The brick of 38,446 pounds
strength has just been described. Ordinary values for hard
burnt brick range from 12,000 to 25,000 pounds per square
inch.

No. 8.

LAID IN

Brick Piers — Water-Struck Brick

STRENGTH
LBS. PER SO. IN.

NEAT CEMENT

CEMENT 1:3

LIME I 3

4,55;

0.422

• n
xx

NEAT rrMFHTk— ' ' "~l 1.064

CEMENT 1:3 P » 1*565

LIME 13 f I 652

Portland cement, set under pressure, attained the maxi¬
mum strength yet observed. This sample was exposed to
an initial pressure of 14,000 pounds per square inch while
setting. The strength stated on the diagram was displayed
by the cement at the age of fifty-seven days. The strength
of ordinary Portland cement, tested neat, ranges from 6,000
to 9,260 pounds per square inch.

The strength of the white oak stick seems low taken in
comparison with the strength of the long leaf pine and the
Douglas fir wood. In small pieces white oak has shown a
compressive strength of 9,000 pounds per square inch. The
figures here given refer to a post of commercial size.

No. 6, — The stress-strain curves of several representative
materials are shown on this slide. Steel and cast iron are
here plotted for reference purposes. A paving brick from
Topeka, Kan., occupies a position next to the cast iron and
steel. Then follows the curves of neat Portland cement, a
brick from Lazearville, W. Va. ; then a brick from Minne¬
apolis, Minn., and the curve of a cement mortar of one part

c* 3

• z
x a
s» -
X z
o •

Portland cement and three parts sand, and at the lower part
of the diagram appears the curve of a fire brick from
Ashby, Ala. This diagram shows the range in compressi¬
bility which may be met with ordinarily. The number of
curves might be extended, but other grades of material
would occupy places between the curves of the paving brick
and the fire brick.

No. 7. — The strength of brick piers will now be referred
to. The diagram on the screen shows the results with piers
made of hard and light hard sand struck brick laid in differ¬
ent kinds of mortar. Brick from three yards are repre¬
sented, the amount of fuel used being 425 cords, 300 cords
and 200 cords respectively per million brick. One grade
only was received from the yard where the smallest quan¬
tity of fuel was used, which was classified as hard.

The range in strength from the hardest brick, laid in neat
cement, to the weakest light hard brick, laid in lime mortar,
is seen to be very great. In respect to the compressibility
of the piers under loads, the difference is greater than shown
by their ultimate strengths. It is desirable to use neat ce¬
ment or a strong mortar in laying hard brick, in order to
attain maximum strength and rigidity. Rigidity is regarded
as an important factor in construction as well as strength.

Lime mortar should not be used when either of the con¬
siderations just mentioned are essential.

Two values are shown for two of the piers. The brick
from these yards were panelled on one side, and the higher
strength in each of these piers belongs to duplicates in which
the panels were filled with neat cement before laying.

No. 9. Brick Piers — Stress-Strain Curves

No. 8. — Some piers made of yvater struck brick appear on
the diagram now before you. One yard furnished the hard,
another the light hard brick. The influence of the mortar
on the ultimate strength of the pier is again well shown. It
seems a wasteful effort to use a weak mortar in which to
lay a pier of hard, strong brick.

• No. 9. — The curves of compressibility of some piers are
now shown on the screen. An earlier stress-strain diagram
showed corresponding results on individual brick and other
materials. On the present diagram the most rigid condition
pertained to the pier made of dry pressed brick, laid in neat
cement. A pair of repressed mud brick appears next in the
order of relative rigidity, then a hard sand struck brick pier
laid in less rich mortar than used for the repressed brick, and
most compressible of the group is the pier of light hard brick
which was laid in lime mortar. The characteristics of these
piers depend chiefly upon the quality of the mortar em¬
ployed.

CLHY RECQHO.

From this exhibit it may be seen how unfavorable is the
action in a wall, the face of which may be laid with one class
of work, while the backing is of another.

No. io. — In order to illustrate the strength which may
readily be attained in brick pier construction, the results of
some strong piers have been brought together on the dia¬
gram now presented. The four piers represented on the
right of the screen are taken from earlier tests, the results
of which are among the published records of the laboratory.
The other six represent piers built and tested just prior to the
time of this convention. These latter ones were intended
to be strong piers, a result which was realized in the tests.
They were about eight feet in height each, nominally twelve
inches square ; they had hollow cores, and the brick were
laid on edge in neat cement.

No. 10. Some Strong Brick Piers — Laid in Neat Cement

The ages of the piers are entered along the lower edge of
the diagram. One pier, the youngest of the series, was test¬
ed the day it was laid. The test began about an hour after
the last brick was in place and was finished three hours later,
or when the pier was four hours old. It developed a com¬
pressive strength of 2,100 nounds per square inch. The
mortar had not hardened, and unusual compressibility was
displayed. The total load on the pier reached 118 tons, a
load far in excess of any which could be expected to be
placed upon it in constructive work, at so early an age.

Horizontal lines represent pounds per square inch on
the left of the diagram, and on the right side, tons per
square foot. One pier reached a strength of 360 tons per
square foot, another exceeded this load. The allowable
load prescribed by the building laws of some cities, fifteen
to thirty tons per square foot, seems a very low limit in
the presence of piers possessing the ultimate strength
which these displayed.

No. 11. — The stress-strain curves of one brick pier, two
mortar columns and two wooden posts are shown on the
diagram now placed upon- the screen. These curves stand
for strong examples of their respective kinds. These
illustrations and others which have gone before were se¬
lected, in many of the cases, to indicate what seems best
in constructive materials. Examples which could safely
be followed where strong and safe construction is needed.

No. 12. — A few slides will be introduced pertaining to
the testing laboratory, the methods of testing and types of
fractures common to piers. A partial view of the main
testing room is here shown. The large emery testing ma¬
chine is the principal figure of the illustration. On this
machine all the full-sized tests of columns and piers are
made. The machine has a capacity of 800,000 pounds, and
columns upwards of 25 feet in height may be accommo¬
dated.

No. 13. — This slide shows a brick in position in the test¬
ing machine, on which a micrometer is mounted. The

brick is loaded on end in order to obtain a gauged length
ample for the determination of its elastic properties. The
compression readings are taken by means of the arc and
pointer on the micrometer. Using the micrometer on the
flat side of the brick, in a cross-wise direction, enables the
lateral expansion of the material to be ascertained.

No. 14. — Some columns and piers prepared for testing
are shown by the photograph now on the screen. It hap¬
pened that a larger number of concrete columns were in
readiness for testing at the time this photograph was taken,
than brick piers.

No. 15. — A brick pier is here shown in position in the
testing machine. The pier is tested to a horizontal posi¬
tion. End plates with side rods are used to put the mate¬
rial in compression, to a limited degree, during transporta¬
tion to the machine and adjustment therein. The load,
necessary for this purpose, is less than 100 pounds per
square inch. The usual gauged length is 50 inches, on
which the compressive movements are observed. The mi¬
crometer is shown in place on the pier.

The compressions are observed for increments of 50 or
100 pounds per square inch under advancing and perma¬
nent sets determined after each increment, proceeding in
this manner until the ultimate resistance of the pier is ap¬
proached. The progressive development of longitudinal
cracks and the increasing frequency of snapping sounds
give warning of close approach to the breaking load.

No. 16. — One of the lines of fracture of a pier, after
having passed the period of ultimate resistance, is shown
by the present slide. The half-bricks, into which the pier
has been separated by a longitudinal crack, have buckled
upward along a portion of its length.

No. 17. — On the present slide appears the photograph
of a pier having a base 16 in. square, drawn in to 12 in. by
16 in. at the upper half. Lines of fracture will be seen in
the base portion. It has been found that a pier, smaller
in one dimension, resting upon a larger base does not dis¬
play so high a strength as a pier of the smaller size having
a uniform cross section throughout its length.

No. 11. Brick Pier, Cement Mortar and Wooden Columns

STRESS - STRAIN CURVES

No. 18. — The usual type of failure of a brick pier is
shown on the present slide, the last of this series of views.
Longitudinal cracks develop, separating the bricks into
halves or smaller fragments, which cracks gradually ex¬
tend over a considerable part of the length of the pier. The
lines of fracture are chiefly transverse fractures of the
individual brick. The yielding of the mortar promotes
fractures of this kind. The use of a mortar having sub¬
stantially the same rate of compressibility as the brick, reg¬
ularity of shape of the individual brick, laying them on
edge or laying several courses without breaking joints,
each favors the transverse resistance of the brick and may
be expected to favorably influence the ultimate strength
of the pier.

CLHY

THE BREWER NO. n COMPOUND CRUSHER.

This machine consists of a disintegrator or stone separat¬
or and a crusher combined, the purpose being to increase
capacity and to promote fineness of grinding in cases where
neither machine alone would give satisfactory results.

The upper set of rolls is made up of one plain feed roll
20 in. diameter, 24. in. face, running at 90 revolutions per
minute and either one disintegrating roll or one spirally
beaded roll, depending upon the character of the clay to
be handled. The disintegrating roll is 20 in. diameter, 24
in. face; is run at the rate of 300 revolutions per minute
and is supplied with eight lateral, adjustable and remov¬
able steel cutting bars. The beaded roll is also 20 in.

of the machine is reduced to a minimum ; and farther, the
space between the two sets of rolls being clear from all
four sides, it is an easy matter to remove any choke,
which may by chance occur, without stopping the ma¬
chine. Another point worthy of notice is the fact that
any one roll may be removed without disturbing any other
and without tearing down the machine.

The frames are heavy one-piece castings of the same
outside dimensions, supported one above the other by up¬
right steel angles and on account of this construction it
is possible to install either machine alone to be followed
later by the other or to separate the machines and operate
them independently or abandon one of them entirely. The

THE BREWER NO. 11 CRUSHER

diameter, 24 in. face, run at the rate of 300 revolutions per
minute and has running spirally around its outside surface
a broken series of elevations or projections about 1^2 in.
wide, 5 in. long and 3-16 in. high. The feed roll is adjust¬
able for fineness of grinding by movement of its journals
toward or from the disintegrating roll or beaded roll, which¬
ever may be used, by means of regulating screws pro¬
vided for the purpose. The lower pair of rolls are both
straight face, 20 in. diameter, 30 in. long and are run at
speeds of 195 and 325 revolutions per minute, respective¬
ly; one of them being adjustable for fineness of grinding.

Attention is directed to the fact that the lower rolls
are of 6 in. wider face than the upper set, on account of
which the liability of choke or clog between the two parts

dividing line of the journals on roll shafts is made on an
angle of 45 degrees, thus throwing the thrust well into the
boxes instead of at the point of division between box and
cap.

The specifications are: Weight: 13,500 pounds. Floor
Space : 4 ft. 8 in. x 9 ft. 5 in. Height : Over all, 5 ft. 8 in.
Shafts: 4 in. diameter, steel. Gears: 5 in. face, in¬
pitch. Journals: 12 in. long. Outboard Bearing: Double
floor stand for both shafts. Driving Pulleys : Friction
clutch, Type B, 36 in. diameter, 12 in. face. Speeds : 300
and 325 revolutions per minute. Capacity : 10,000 brick
per hour.

The construction of the rolls can be taken up with H.
Brewer & Co., Tecumseh, Mich.

CLKV RECORD.

EFFECT OF MOISTURE ON THE STRENGTH
AND STIFFNESS OF WOOD*

Very little is definitely known about the influence of moist¬
ure on the strength of wood, even by those experienced
in handling the material. Since the whole subject is one
of great importance, the Forest Service has been making
a thorough study of it during the past three years and is
about to publish the results of its investigation in an ex¬
haustive technical bulletin entitled, “Effect of Moisture
Upon the Strength and Stiffness of Wood.”

The chief points presented by the study are :

1. The relation of moisture to strength follows a definite
law which can be graphically expressed. Proper drying
very greatly increases the strength of all kinds of wood, the
amount of increase in strength depending upon the species
and the dryness. The increased strength given to green
wood by thoroughly drying it, is so great that it will sur¬
prise many. For example, the strength of a piece of un¬
seasoned red spruce may be increased over 400 per cent
by a thorough drving at the temperature of boiling water.
Strength decreases again, however, as the wood reabsorbs
moisture. Air-dried wood, protected from the weather, and
containing 12 per cent of moisture is from 1.7 to 2.4 times
stronger than when green, varying with the species. These
conclusions, however, are drawn from small-sized pieces not
exceeding 4 by 4 inches in cross-section such as are used
in vehicle work, tools, etc. Large timbers require years of
drying before the moisture is reduced to the point where
strength begins to increase. It must also be taken into
consideration that more or less checking always occurs
when large timbers dry; and if this checking is excessive
it may cause weakness to counterbalance, partially or en¬
tirely, the strength gained in drying. Consequently it is
not safe to assume that the average strength of large, so-
called seasoned timbers is much greater than that of green
or wet ones.

2. The fiber saturation point of a number of species
has been determined. This point, which varies with condi¬
tions and species of wood, designates the percentage of
water which will saturate the fibers of the wood. It has
been found that, under normal conditions, wood fiber will
absorb a definite amount of moisture ; beyond this the water
simply fills the pores of the wood like honey in honey-comb.
Only that water which permeates the wood fiber has an in¬
fluence upon the setrength. For the following species, the
saturation point occurs at the given percentage of moisture
based on the dry weight of the wood :

Per cent
moisture.

Longleaf pine . 25

Red spruce . 31

Chestnut . 25

Loblolly pine sapwood . 24

Red gum . 2 5

Red fir . 23

♦United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin, For¬
est Service.

White ash . , . 20.5

Norway pine . 3°

Western tamarack . 3°

3. Prolonged soaking in cold water does not reduce the
strength of green wood below that of its fiber saturation
point, provided it remains in perfect condition. When wood
has been dried and is resoaked, it becomes slightly weaker
than when green.

4. Wood soaked in heated water absorbs more moisture
because the amount of water which causes a reduction in
for bending.

- »«» -

FIRING AND GLAZING DRAIN PIPES

The pipes are fired and glazed in circular or square down-
draft kilns. They are placed one upon another, the small
ones inside the larger, care being taken, however, that the
whole surface of each pipe is exposed to, and can easily
be attacked by, the gases which are produced at the end of
the firing by the introduction of the salt. The action of
the salt upon the pipe is principally the formation of a
silicate of soda, which, being a glass, vitrifies the surface
of the pipe. The salt is introduced into the kiln when the
highest heat necessary for the firing of the clay has been
attained. It is volatilised by the heat, and decomposes on
coming into contact with the silica present in the body of
the pipe. The richness of the glaze depends to a great
extent upon the amount of silica in the clay. Bodies con¬
taining a large proportion of alumina do not glaze well.

The salt is dropped into the kiln through holes in the
dome, which are so arranged that it does not fall directly on
the ware. A large amount of heat is absorbed in the volatil¬
isation and decomposition of the salt, which causes a con¬
siderable drop in the temperature of the oven. For this
reason the full quantity is not introduced at once, but in
two or three operations, at intervals of 20 to 3° rninutes.
To prevent the vapours from escaping too rapidly from
the kiln, the damper in the main flue is lowered during the
introduction of the salt, partially closing the flue and re¬
ducing the draft. — Ex.

COLORED MAN KEEPS SEVEN MEN BUSY
CARRYING THE PAVERS TO HIM

Perhaps the most expert brickpaver who ever plied his
trade in Altoona, Pa., is the colored man laying the pavers
for Bowman Bros, on Green avenue. He is certainly a
wonder. Crowds of people watch him work and regard
the exhibition as something well worth seeing.

The negro is so expert that he can lay the brick as
fast as seven laborers can carry them to him. He finds
plenty of time to rest when but four or five men are carry¬
ing the brick from the sidewalks along the job.

He considers the laying of 20,000 brick an ordinary
day’s work. When the brick are brought to him rapidly
he can put down 25,000, and even more. He is paid the
handsome salary of 60 cents an hour, or $6 a day, if he
lays 20,000, but if he gets down 25,000 he receives 70 cents
an hour, or $7 a day. He does not work from his knees,
like them men employed on paving around here usually do.
He stands on his feet and reaches down without bending
his legs, apparently.

CLHY RECORD.

WELFARE WORK AT THE RAYMOND COM-
PANY’S FACTORY

The C. W. Raymond Company of Dayton, Ohio, are
among the concerns whose interest in the workers in their
factory extends beyond their mere earning capacity. To
this end they co-operate with the Dayton Y. M. C. A. and
have weekly meetings during a part of the noon lunch hour,
usually occurring on Tuesday ?nd lasting for about fifteen
minutes. This meeting is presided over by a representative
from the Y. M. C. A. and consists usually of two songs by
the workers, a solo, and a short talk, ending with prayer.
These talks are usually of a religious nature, dwelling
largely on “The Life of Christ.” However, religious sub¬
jects are occasionally put aside and a practical talk is made
on some secular subject which is of live interest to the men.

WILL SHIP RAW MATERIAL FOR FIRE BRICK

The work of installing the plant at Ableman, Sauk coun-.
tv, Wis., for producing the ganister by the Harbinson—
Walker Refractories company of Pittsburg, which has com¬
pleted arrangements for a plant costing nearly half a mil¬
lion dollars at Indiana Harbor, near Chicago, has com¬
menced. The plant at Ableman will cost about $40,000
and will be in working order within a few months. The
ganister will be used in brick for lining the great iron
smelters. It is reported that the Ableman plant will em¬
ploy about five hundred men.

Shipping of the stone which is to be used for making
fire brick will commence along in the first part of July,
when they will make a beginning of 150 tons per day. It
will go from Ableman to the plant at Indiana harbor.

Among the recent secular subjects a series of five lec¬
tures on “First Assistance to the Injured” was given by a
practical physician. This subject has shown itself to be
of great value to the men. The Raymond Company find
that the men are greatly improving in their daily habits,
are working more conscientiously, and there is a very nota¬
ble lack of profanity about the factory.

This is one of the best pieces of welfare work which has
been undertaken in the larger cities, and has had great in¬
fluence toward the betterment of the wage earners irn
Dayton.

The photo shows a number of interested employes of one
of the departments.

Mr. James Lochrie of Toronto, Ontario, is installing a
“Martin” Improved Style “A” Steam Power Brick Ma¬
chine in combination with 10-ft. Pug Mill and Mould
Sander, this being one of the modern Improved “Martin”
Machines built at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, by the Henry
Martin Brick Machine Manufacturing Company.

Silica is the valuable component of this rock. It has proved
under the test to contain as high as 983/2 per cent and not
lower than 96 per cent, silica. The other components are
iron, lime and sand in small amounts.

That the Ableman stone is superior to almost any with¬
in reach of the Northwestern railroad is proved by the
fact that the company has commenced to install a new
$4,000 air compressor plant at the Ableman quarry for the
purpose of running the drills. This plant takes the place
of the old hand and steam method of drilling into the rock
for blasting purposes. At present about eighty men are
employed in the quarry. The requirement of the North¬
western for building stone, for bridges and culverts, has
been increasing so that it was necessary to increase the
quarry facilities.

There are six stone plants, in that locality, that of Will
Gall, two that belong to the Northwestern railroad, one
of the Illinois Steel company, one of the Refractories com¬
pany, and that of the Wisconsin Granite Co.

CLKY RECORD.

FIRE-PROOF CONSTRUCTION

A great fire, resulting in the sacrifice of hundreds of hu¬
man lives and the loss of many million dollars’ worth of
property, is possible in every city of the United States.
The calamities of Chicago and Baltimore might be dupli¬
cated in New Orleans or St. Louis. An earthquake in
New York equal in intensity to the one in San Francisco
would cause an appalling loss of life and property. Inves¬
tigations made by three of the most competent structural
experts in the country have led them to the conclusion that
there are no absolutely fire-proof buildings. Not that fire¬
proof buildings are impossible, for, according to these ex¬
perts, structural materials may be so selected and used that
adequate fire protection is practically assured ; but in the
effort to cheapen construction in order to obtain greater
interest on investments, owners of buildings have neglected
or ignored perils to lives and fortunes.

Soon after the San Francisco earthquake, the Interior
Etepartment at Washington, through the United States Ge¬
ological Survey, assigned to Richard L. Humphrey, Sec¬
retary of the National Advisory Board on Fuels and Struc¬
tural Materials, and Prof. Frank Soule, dean of the College
of Civil Engineering of the University of California, the
task of investigating the action of the fire and earthquake
upon so-called fire-proof buildings. At about the same time
the War Department assigned a similar task to Capt. John
Stephen Sewell, Engineer Corps, U. S. A., whose reputa¬
tion as an expert on fire-proof building construction is in¬
ternational. After a thorough investigation these officials
have prepared a careful report, which has just been sub¬
mitted to the Interior Department and will soon be pub¬
lished by the Geological Survey. The conclusions present¬
ed in this report are of great interest and value.

Mr. Humphrey, emphasizing the fact that the lessons of
the Chicago and Baltimore fires are still unlearned, declares
that a remedy for existing conditions can be had only by
the enactment of strict building laws which will compel fire¬
proof construction. Professor Soule estimates that the
earthquake caused directly less than io per cent of the
total loss at San Francisco, and that of the subsequent and
indirect effects — the paralyzing of the water supply and
its distributing system, the starting of a fire impossible to
extinguish with the means at hand, the death of at least
500 persons, the destruction of $500,000,000 worth of prop¬
erty, and the remoter damages to business, commerce, and
labor — nearly all might have been prevented by wise fore¬
sight and provision. Captain Sewell points out the fact that
fires and fire tests have proved conclusively the inadequacy
of commercial methods of fire-proofing as at present applied.

The recommendations of fhe experts as to the essentials
of fire-proof construction are definite and positive. High,
steel frame office buildings, properly braced, are declared
to be stable and reliable, and concrete and reenforced con¬
crete structures are placed high among materials well
adapted to withstand earthquake and fire, while hollow tiles
and hollow concrete, although not in the past universally
successful, may be so employed as to yield most satisfactory
results. Concrete floors with metallic mesh reenforcements
are strongly recommended for strength .and fire resistance,
and wire glass, metallic rolling shutters, and metal sash
have proved such excellent fire protectors that wise econ¬
omy demands their use in every important building. Other
materials and measures equally important are enumerated,
and it is believed that their adoption, while involving in¬
creased cost of construction, will insure permanence of
structure and at the same time greatly reduce rates of in¬
surance.

KATY ENGINEERS ARE NOW LOCATING BIG
BURNT CLAY PITS AT HILLSBORO

Recognizing the value of burnt clay, or gumbo, as a most
excellent ballasting material, engineers of the M., K. & T.
are now at Hillsboro, where preparations are being made
for the establishment of a large gumbo pit on a tract of land
in Hill County. As long ago as 1897 the officials were
planning to make use of this material in preference to cin¬
ders, crushed rock or chat, and a plant was established near
the site of the new one now being opened. This ballast
it is proposed to use on all the lines in Texas not already
having it, and some 300,000 yards will, it is expected, be
burnt this year. Ballast from the pits at Floyd is now be¬
ing used on some parts of the Katy south of Denison,
though a large portion of the road has already been ballast¬
ed. Recent information from headquarters indicates that
a pit will be established at some point on the Choctaw
division of the Katy, but local officials of the road in Den¬
ison have not yet been advised of such a move. In fact,
it was stated by an official that this last move in making
arrangements for a new pit was probably the result of the
recent trip of Vice President Allen and General Superin¬
tendent McDowell to that locality, and while it has been
generally accepted that sooner or later the Choctaw division
of the Katy would be ballasted with gumbo, no definite
time is known when operations will commence. Railroad
officials are much in favor of the new ballast, preferring
it to rock, notwithstanding the fact that rock can be se¬
cured in abundance and cheap.

On the site selected by the engineering corps of the road
an extensive excavation will be made. Into this will be
thrown worn out ties, broken timbers and other wood refuse
of shops and track and upon this will be laid a surface of
coal. Then on this will be placed a deep layer of earth
and the whole will be ignited. Layers of earth will be added
from time to time and the fire, burning slowly, will grad¬
ually bake the earth in the entire pit, so that, probably at
the end of six or eight months, the mass will be ready for
use.

- -

TEXAS BRICK MAKERS’ CONVENTION

Waco, Tex., June 6— The Brick Manufacturers’ Asso¬
ciation of Texas adjourned today and will hold the next
meeting at Austin Sept. 11. Officers present at the meet¬
ing were: C. R. Sherrell of Corsicana, president, and R.
D. Harry of Dallas, secretary.

Papers were read and discussed on the following topics :

“How to Market Brick,” Charles Coleman, Tex.; K.
Schwartz, Corsicana.

“Cost of Burning,” by F. J. Cole, Ferris.

“The Commission Man or Agent the Demoralizer of
Prices,” Walter Bennett, Millsap, Tex., and R. D. Harry,
Dallas.

“Cost of Wear and Tear on a Plant Should Be Added
to the Price of the Brick,” Walter Bennett, Millsap, Tex.

“Why Should Not Fire Brick Take the Same Rate as
Common?” J. Vandaneer, Athens, Tex.

“Treatment of Labor and Its Bearing on Production,”
Schuyler Marshall, Mesquite, Tex.

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER.

These new inventiions are those that are especially of
interest to anyone engaged in tne line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

849,897. Implement for Handling Hollow Bricks.
Charles S. Hall, Lohrville, Iowa. Filed Dec. 20, 1906.

Claim — In an implement for handling hollow bricks, the
combination, of a bar having a jaw formed at one end
thereof, a pair of jaws pivoted to the other end of the bar,
one of said latter jaws being extended slightly beyond the
opposite side of the pivot to form a thumb-piece for operat¬
ing the pivoted jaws, and a hand-grasping portion on the
bar between the fixed and pivoted jaws.

In an implement for handling hollow bricks, the com¬
bination, of a bar having a hook or jaw at one end thereof,
a pair of jaws pivoted on the other end of said bar, one at
each side of the bar, a thumb-piece formed at the upper
end of one of the pivoted jaws, a bolt connecting the pivot¬
ed jaws below the bar and adapted to limit the outward
movement of said jaws, and a hand-grip attached to the
bar between the sets of jaws.

850,038. Brick-Mold. Friedrich Mueller, St. Louis,
Mo. Filed Aug. 27, 1904. Serial No. 222,440.

Claim — In a brick-mold, a fixed bed-plate, provided with
compression-chambers, a lower compression member I-
beams carried by the compression member and fitting in
the compression-chambers, a finishing-plate carried by

each I-beam, the tops of which I-beams and finishing-
plates are perforated, plates secured to the under side of
the bed-plate, pins secured to said plates and projecting up¬
wardly through the perforations in the I-beams and finish¬
ing-plates, and upper compression members operating in
opposition to the lower compression members, and being
provided in their under sides with recesses to receive the
upper ends of the pins and perforated finishing-plates rig¬
idly fixed to the under sides of the upper compression mem¬

bers; substantially as specified.

850,048. Building-Block. Sterling T. Playford, Cas-
sopolis, Mich. Filed Jan. 20, 1906. Serial No. 297,043.

Claim — In building construction, a plurality of blocks
each having one longitudinal edge thereof convex and its
opposite edge concave for the reception of the convex por¬
tion of an adjacent block, said blocks being laid in circular
form and arranged in superposed courses, and a binding
rod engaging the side walls of the several blocks at convex
ends thereof and spaced laterally from the concaved ends
of the blocks.

In building construction, a plurality of blocks each hav¬
ing one longitudinal edge thereof convex and its opposite
edge concave for the reception of the convex portion of
an adjacent block, said block being laid in superposed
courses to form a circular wall, a diaphragm interposed be¬
tween adjacent courses at one end of the wall, a central
support for the diaphragm, and binding-rods embracing
the wall and bearing against the walls of the blocks at the
convex ends thereof, said rods being spaced laterally from
the concaved ends of the blocks.

849,415. Plug for Sealing Underground Conduits.
William L. McGowan, Philadelphia, Pa. Filed April 28,
1905. Serial No. 257,848.

Claim — The combination of a conduit having a ductt
with a sealing plug consisting of a front plate having a se¬
ries of perforations and a retaining part frictionally held
within the duct for holding the front plate in position
against the front of the conduit, and a covering of cement
mortar over the end of the conduit and front plate and ex¬
tending into the perforations thereof so as to bind the ce¬
ment mortar to the plate.

A sealing-plug consisting of a front plate having a se¬
ries of perforations formed with outwardly-extending
edges forming conical depressions upon the inner face of
the plate adjacent to the apertures, combined with a re¬
taining part of smaller area having a flexible rim adapted
to be frictionally held within the duct, and rigid connec¬
tions between the front plate and retaining part whereby
they are held apart.

850,066. Kiln. John A. Shumaker, Hyndman, Pa., as¬
signor of one-third to George William Brinham and one-
third to Norman Reuben Shumaker, Hyndman, Pa. Filed
Oct. 10, 1906. Serial No. 338,264.

Claim — The combination with a kiln, and furnaces in the
side walls of the kiln, of a bag-wall at the inner face of the
side wall and having vertical flues arched away from the
furnaces.

au.

The combination with a kiln, and furnaces in the side
walls of the kiln, of a bag-wall at the inner face of the
side walls and having a vertical flue for each furnace, said
flues being arched from the furnaces and flared outwardly
at the sides, one side being flared more than the other.

850,676. Brick-Machine. David P. Sanders, Reading,
Pa. Filed Feb. 20, 1907. Serial No. 358,432.

Claim — In a brick-machine, a compression-chamber hav¬
ing fixed side walls and movable top and bottom walls, a
rotatable power-shaft movable to and from said compres¬
sion-chamber, connections between the shaft and the top
wall of the compression-chamber participating in the move¬
ment of the shaft with relation to its axis but not partici¬
pating in its rotative movement, cams on the shaft and ro¬
tatable therewith, and connections from the cams to the
bottom wall of the compression-chamber for moving the
said bottom wall independent of the movement of the shaft
toward and from said compression-chamber.

In a brick-machine, a power shaft, a pinion thereon, a
clutch for connecting the pinion to the power-shaft, a gear¬
wheel on another shaft in the machine meshing with said
pinion, another gear-wheel meshing with the pinion on the
second shaft, a third shaft supporting the second gear¬
wheel, link connections between the second and third shafts
whereby the third shaft may be moved about the second
shaft’s axis, a compression-chamber having fixed side
walls, a cap for the compression-chamber movable with the

third shaft at a fixed distance therefrom, a follower consti¬
tuting the bottom of the compression-chamber, and cams
on the third shaft for operating the follower.

850,435. Brick-Machine. Oswald Kutsche, York, Pa.,
assignor to Gustave A. Woltman, York, Pa. Filed June 8,
1906. Serial No. 320,780.

Claim — In a brick-press, the combination with a power-
shaft, of a lever journaled thereon, a changing fulcrum for
said lever and toggle-links eccentrically journaled on the
outer end of said lever.

plungers working therein, of side bars carrying the lower
plunger, a toggle-link pivotally secured at one end to the
upper ends of the side bars, a pitman-lever to which the
other end of said link is pivotally secured, a toggle-link
pivotally secured at its upper end to the pitman-lever, and
carrying the upper plunger, said links having eccentric
heads adapted to contact during a portion of the movement
of the toggle.

851,406. Manufacture of Sand Lime or Composite
Brick or Stone. Allen S. Crocker, Rochester, N. Y., as¬
signor to Laurence Elkus, Indianapolis, Ind. Filed Nov.
21, 1906. Serial No. 344,392.

Claim — In a hardening cylinder, a pan adapted and con¬
structed to contain calcium carbonate, means for suspend¬
ing said pan from the top of said cylinder, a vessel or ves¬
sels adapted and constructed to contain hydrochloric acid,
means for supporting said vessel or vessels above said pan.

a shaft in said cylinder, means for supporting said vessel
or vessels on said shaft above said pan, and means for re¬
volving said shaft and said vessel or vessels, substantially
as described.

In a hardening cylinder, the combination of a pan (A),
means for suspending said pan from the top of said cylin¬
der, vessels (B), (C) and (D), a shaft (F), means for
supporting vessels (B), (C) and (D) on said shaft above
said pan and means for revolving said shaft and said ves¬
sels (B), (C) and (D).

CLHY

RECORD.

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company,

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor.

SUBSCRIPTIONS.

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States, Canada or Mexico
and one dollar fifty cents for all other foreign countries.

Papers are not stopped at the end of subscriptions unless the sub*
scribers order them so and pay up the arrearages.

ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POST OFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER.

Vol. XXX. JUNE 15, 1907. No. 11

*«l like to read American advertisements. They are (n
themselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.”— William E. Gladstone.

If work was as easy as lying everybody would be busy.

Opportunity has a way of greatly increasing in size when
we look back at it.

Don’t grumble if you don't gee as good results from old
material or machinery as you do of new.

It is surprising how many really good people there are in
this world — if you can take their word for it.

We are sure we are here, but we are not sure of the
hereafter — therefore it’s advisable for us to be as good as
we can.

The men who have acquired wealth in accordance with
the prescriptions contained in books on “How to Succeed”

must be very scarce or else they are experts at keeping
secrets.

Subscribe for the Clay Record this month if you did not
do so before. It is the only paper in the trade that is print¬
ed twice a month. Its cost is only a trifle. You will
never miss it. If not satisfied at the end of the year your
money will be refunded.

MANUFACTURERS OBJECT TO DRIVING
KILNS FROM CITY

At a recent meeting the St. Louis Manufacturers’ As¬
sociation resolved to support the smoke suppression ordi¬
nance being prepared by Smoke Inspector Jones and to op¬
pose the one proposed by Civic league. The Jones ordi¬
nance designs to deal with the nuisance by insisting that
licensed and responsible firemen be in charge of furnaces,
and that the licenses may be acquired only by an examina¬
tion. The theory is that the fireman who knows and at¬
tends to his business can greatly prevent 'Smoke. The Civic
league ordinance proposes the compulsory use of smoke
consumers. The Manufacturers’ Association says the
smoke “consumer” is a failure, and that if an ordinance
compelling it were passed it would drive out of St. Louis
the brick, tile and terra cotta plants, as they could not pos¬
sibly use “consumers” over their kilns.

4 « »

BIRMINGHAM BRICK INDUSTRY STEADILY

GROWS

The brick industry is making steady progress in the Bir¬
mingham (Ala.) district.

So overshadowing has been Birmingham’s iron interest
that other branches of industrial enterprise have been de¬
veloped hereabouts almost unnoticed. While they do not
rank with Birmingham’s mainstay, they are nevertheless
important and profitable, and go to make up that diversity
of manufactures which increase appreciably the district’s
volume of business.

Speaking of brick making, ten years ago Birmingham
had only two plants, and they were small and antiquated.
Only building brick of a very common grade was turned out.
Today there are eleven or twelve plants making building
brick of the finest quality, including every style and color.
Most of these plants are quipped with all the improved
modern devices.

Ten years ago the entire product of the two brickyards
was at the rate of only a million annually. Now Birming¬
ham’s annual our put is estimated at fully 40,000,000.

The clay of Jefferson county is admirably adapted to the
manufacture of building brick, and as comparatively little
capital is required in equipping and operating a plant, the
the industry will grow fast. Then, too, the local demand
is already . far greater than the supply. The 40,000,000
brick made in the Birmingham district last year was not
one-third the quantity used here. If the capacity were
quadrupled in 1907 the local demand would not be supplied,
for this is to be an exceptionally busy year in the building
trades.

Men familiar with the building brick industry say that if
200,000,000 were made here there would be a good shipping
demand for all in excess of home consumption.

The price of the best Birmingham brick averages about
$7 per thousand. This leaves a good profit for the manu¬
facturer.

Fire brick of superior quality has been manufactured in
the Birmingham district for many years, and recently the
manufacture of shale brick, used for street paving, has been
added to the district’s industries. There are now two large
shale brick concerns operating in Jefferson county, and an¬
other company for the manufacture of this valuable com¬
modity is about to be organized. There is said to be room
for many of them. In five years from now Birmingham
will be one of the brick making centers of the country.

FIRE! FIRE! FIRE!

The machinery building of the Port Gibson (Miss.)
Brick Manufacturing Co. was destroyed by fire, causing a
loss of $10,000.

Fire of an unknown origin caused a damage to the plant
of the Los Angeles (Cali.) Brick Construction Co., at
Central and Jackson streets.

The Watertown (S. Dak.) Pressed Brick Co.’s plant has
been destroyed by fire, causing a loss of $14,000. with only
$2,000 insurance. The plant was just completed.

The plant of the Marquis Clay Co., New Castle, Pa.,
was partly destroyed by fire, causing a loss of $15,000, all
fully covered by insurance. All of the machinery and the
engine were destroyed.

- 4“*~* -

OBITUARY

A. L. Hugenburger, one of the proprietors of the Tal-
lula (Ills.) Electric Light, Tile & Brick Co., was instantly
killed by a live wire.

John J. Kerr, a prominent brick contractor of Jonesboro,
Ark., dropped dead while at work. He was an Elk, an
Odd Fellow, and a Knight of Pythias.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES

The property of the Schuylkill Valley Clay Mfg. Co.
was sold at Reading, Pa., for $37,000, to C. H. Ruhl.

R. R. Morris, proprietor of the Dover (Vt.) Brick &
Pottery Co., has made an assignment for the benefit of his
creditors.

Suit for $5,200 has been filed against the Logan (Ohio)
Brick Manufacturing Co. by a brick machinery manufac¬
turing company.

By the bursting of a fly wheel in the Farr Brick Co.’s
yard at Cleveland, O., one man was fatally injured and
a boy made a cripple.

A petition in involuntarv bankruptcy has been filed
against the Union Potteries Co., of Pittsburg. Pa., the total
claims amounting to $2,544.

The Macomb (Ills.) Sewer Pipe Co. has filed involuntary
bankruptcy proceedings against the Bank of Macomb, C.
V. Chandler and C. A. Chandler.

In a brick yard fight at the New England Brick Co,’s
Cambridge, Mass., plant a negro fractured the skull of
Philip Miondou so he is in the Cambridge Hospital in a
dying condition.

W. H. Barnes, an employe of the Peoples’ Brick Cor¬
poration at Towson, Baltimore Co., Md., is suing the com¬
pany for $10,000 damages for injuries received by an ex¬
plosion of a boiler.

John Burwood, an employe of the Purington Paving
Brick Co. at Galesburg, Ill., was hit on the chest with a
sledge hammer while holding a Johnson bar for a fellow
workman. Two ribs were broken.

Brown Edmonton, secretary and treasurer of the Gleason
(Tenn.) Brick Co., caught his left arm in a part of the
gasoline engine while regulating it, breaking the bone and,
next day, while repairing a clutch on the brick machine,
caught himself on same, so injuring his other arm that
they both are now in a sling.

AMERICAN MANUFACTURERS SAY FRENCH
COMPETITION HAS BEEN DANGEROUS

Trenton, June 12. — Pottery manufacturers here are great¬
ly pleased over the decision of the board of general apprais¬
ers advancing the valuations on the imports of Haviland
& Co. William Burgess, the agent of the United States
Potters’ Association, who secured considerable testimony in
the case, said:

“I am naturally much pleased at the reversal of the de¬
cision of the single appraiser, but do not consider it a re¬
flection on Judge Waite in any way, for, as I said on a
previous occasion, I feel quite sure that the judge did not
have the time to fully consider the vast amount of testi¬
mony before him, because of the pressure brought to bear
on the case by diplomatic circles to hasten a decision. 1
have felt from the first that the government had a strong
case against the importer.”

Charles Howell Cook of the Cook Pottery Co. said :

“I consider the decision of the board of general appraisers
as fair and equitable, and I am satisfied that it will be
considered so by importers and manufacturers alike when it
is fully understood.”

“We have been up against this undervaluation of French
goods for some time,” said Charles A. May of the Mad-
dack Pottery Co., “as we are direct competitors with them
in this line <3f goods. This decision means a great deal to
us, and especially to our men, as they are as much inter¬
ested in the proper valuation of the foreign made goods as
we are. We had a hard fight to hold our own against this
foreign competition and maintain our present wages, and
every drop in protection means less possibility to meet that
competition.”

A. G. Dale of the International Pottery said :

“It is not a matter of getting more protection, but of
holding on to what we have. In many cases the protection
is nominal and inadequate, and we cannot possibly com¬
pete. We cannot get more than the law provides, but we
want to get as near what we are entitled to as we can.
Our business depends on this, and the only way possible
to maintain the wages we are now paying is to get our
due. This is not an increased protection, but a recovery of
a little we have lost.”

OHIO VALLEY MANUFACTURER

The Clay Record acknowledges the receipt of a copy
of the New Cumberland Boom Edition of the Ohio Val¬
ley Manufacturer, a trade paper that is published at Wheel¬
ing, W. Va., with J. C. Moves as editor. The paper con¬
sists of almost one hundred pages that contain write-ups
and cuts of the various manufacturing plants in New Cum¬
berland and the surrounding country. The Manufacturer*
was started in Wheeling in 1887 and has steadily grown
until now it is the most important paper of its kind in the
entire Oh jo Valley. The New Cumberland Edition is one
of the best industrial editions that we have ever seen. New
Cumberland is the home of the sewer pipe and brick mak¬
ing industry of West Virginia, and the plants that make
articles from fire clay have been given the greatest amount
of attention in the boom edition. Copies of the Industrial
Edition reached everv manufacturing concern in the coun¬
try.

SEWER PIPE FOREMAN DEPOSED AFTER

STRIKE

More than one hundred and fifty men employed by the
White Hall (Ills.) Sewer Pipe and Stoneware company
went out on a strike and the plant was temporarily tied up.
The grievance of the strikers is for a new boss. There
seems to be no trouble in regard to wages or other condi¬
tions, but they demand that P. J. Fish, the. general man¬
ager of the concern, be deposed at once. Mr. Fish took
charge of the management on April i, 1907, coming from
Akron, Ohio.

There has been a weeding out of some of the employes
during the past three weeks, but no attention was paid
to that by the better class of workmen until a few days
ago, when Mr. Fish drew a revolver on a couple of work¬
men with whom he had had trouble regarding an order
for one of the men to leave the shop. For this offense
the police magistrate assessed a fine upon Mr. Fish, which
was paid.

H. C. Morrow, president of the Sewer Pipe and Stone¬
ware company, called the men together and made a propo¬
sition to them to return to work until matters could be
properly adjusted.

Speeches were made by H. C. Morrow, president of the
company, and by the Rev. W. M. Hailey, pastor of the M.
E. church, but to no avail. The men demanded that Fish
be removed and a new foreman put over them and
then they would go to work. After two days of confer¬
ence between the committees representing the workmen
and the president of the plant, it was decided that Mr.
Fish be deposed. In accordance with this statement by
the president, the men, through their committee, signified
their willingness to return to work, which they did, and
everything is now running in good order.

HUDSON RIVER BOATMEN WIN SUIT

Judge Ray, of the United States Court, has handed down
a decision in favor of William Guindon and Edward O’Neil
in their action against the Carey Brick Company, of Co¬
hoes, N. Y. They are both rivermen, O’Neil being a resident
of Watervliet, and Guindon of Champlain.

They carried brick on their boats to various places along
the Hudson river for the Carey Company. One consign¬
ment they had for West Farms they claimed they were un¬
able to unload because of the poor condition of the dock
there.

They delivered the brick at Newark, N. J., and sued the
brick company for demurrage and wharfage. Lester W.
Bloch appeared for the boatmen and Holmes and Bryan, of
Troy, were the attorneys for the Carey Company. The
action was tried at the February term of the court in
Albany.

- -

The Craig Colony for Epileptics at Sonyea, New York,
who have been operating the “Martin” equipment, have
addd to their plant a “Martin” latest improved heavy all
iron and steel style “P” Steam Power Soft Mud Brick Ma¬
chine, manufactured by the Henry Martin Brick Machine
Manufacturing Company at Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

LACLEDE -CHRISTY CLAY COMPANY
INCORPORATES

The Laclede-Christy Clay Products Company, the new
corporation formed by the consolidation of the Laclede Fire
Brick Manufacturing Company and the Christy Fire Clay
Company of St. Louis, M'o., has filed its articles of incor¬
poration. The formation of the merger was published a
month ago. The consolidated company will be the second
largest manufacturer of fire clay products in the United
States in point of output and capital invested. The new
corporation is capitalized for $4,000,000, divided into $2,-
750,000 of preferred stock and $1,250,000 of common stock.
The preferred stock is entitled to a preferential dividend
of 6 per cent. The capital stock is fully paid.

The principal officers and stockholders in the two old
companies are to continue as stockholders in the new con¬
cern. James Green, president of the Laclede company, will
be chairman of the board of directors, and Calvin M.
Christy, president of the Christy company, will be chairman
of the executive committee. William C. Morris of the
Christy company will be president; John L. Green, son of
James Green, vice president, and Richard D. Hatton, sec¬
retary and treasurer. Other directors will include Mbn-
tague Lyon, an attorney, and R. H. Miller, who will be
general sales manager.

For the purposes of the incorporation the stock is held
as follows, as shown by the articles: Alexander Russell,
27,495 shares of preferred and 12,495 shares of common;
W. J. Holbrook, G. H. Blackwelder, W. C. Mitchell, E.
W. Banister and S. T. Bixby, one share each of preferred
and common. None of these stockholders will figure as
important shareholders or directors in the final organiza¬
tion. W. J. Holbrook promoted the merger.

The companies going into the merger are the oldest fire
clay concerns in St. Louis/ the Christy factory having been
started in 1857 by the late William D. Christy, and the
Laclede in 1844. They are manufacturers of fire brick,
sewer pipe, clay retorts and similar products. The Laclede
company has a plant embracing three factories at Man¬
chester road and Sulphur avenue, and the Christy company
has an extensive plant at Morgan Fork road and Gravois
avenue. Both of these plants will be continued in opera¬
tion.

- -

UNION TIES UP BRICK YARD

A brick famine threatens Maynard, Ind., and adjacent
territory as the result of a strike which tied up the yard of
the National Brick company. Officials of the brickmakers’
union at Maynard charged that the company violated an
agreement recently made with the union.

Supt. S. J. La Bahn of the strike-bound yard admitted
that the company made a contract with the union May 1
to pay 50 cents a thousand for handling brick, a raise of
3 cents over the former scale.

“We were losing money at the increased price,” Mr.
La Bahn explained, “and had to return to the 55-cent rate
in order to continue in business. When we did so the
men struck.”

One hundred and fifty brick makers are out.

CLKY RECORD,

ILLINOIS BRICK EARNINGS LARGER

Illinois Brick is earning its regular dividend and making
a good profit at the present selling price of $7 a thousand.
It is expected that the usual quarterly disbursement will
be ordered at the next meeting of the directors later in the
month, as the demand for brick is more active than a year
ago and supplies are ample to meet all requirements. Chi¬
cago plants are in full operation, and it is expected that
the year’s output will be largely in excess of 1906.

A “community of interests” among Chicago manufac¬
turers was brought about with the retirement of President
Prussing at the annual meeting of the Illinois Brick com¬
pany, and a scale of prices adopted which insures a period
of profitable operations during the pendency of the agree¬
ment. Prices were advanced from $5 to $6 when the brick
war came to an end four months ago, and a recent rise
to $7 means an era of prosperity to all the companies.

The big companies are able to turn out brick at $3.90
a thousand, and, although operations were delayed by the
backward spring and long era of cold weather, stocks car¬
ried over were sufficiently large to enable the several com¬
panies in the agreement to conduct their business profitably

before their supplies were exhausted.

- ♦ » » —

DEMAND FOR BRICK IN NEW YORK IS
INCREASING

Brick building in New York city is increasing, and the
demand for Hudson River brick is now about 80 cargoes a
week, which is a high average. The best grade of Hudson
Rivers bring $6.75 to $7.25 per thousand, with light hards
at $3-75 to $4.25. Thus far projects are twenty millions
of dollars’ worth behind last year’s sum in Manhattan, and
eight millions short of the 1905 projects.

VIRGINIA’S NEW INDUSTRY

A very interesting test of Paving and Building Brick
was made by the Virginia Clay and Material Co., of Farm-
ville, Va., in order to practically demonstrate the value
and superiority of their brick. They arranged for a test
through their general agent, A, F. Matlack, who carried on
the said test in the Jefferson Hotel, who were admirably
fitted up with the necessary facilities.

The object of this test was to show publicly that sudden
contraction or expansion would not in any way affect the
brick made by the Virgina Clay and Material Co., and un¬
der their process, and ,that under ordinary conditions
wouid be practically indestructible.

TEST.

Began 5 P. M. June 6th. Ended 10:15 A. M. June 10th.

Paving Brick weighed 4 lbs. 8 o 7.

Building Brick weighed 4 lbs. 6 oz.

June 7, 10 A. M. — After soaking 17 hours showed in¬
crease: Paving Brick, 4 lbs. 9 oz; Building Brick, 4 lbs.
8 oz.

June 8 — After freezing 24 hours, temperature 26 degrees,
showed no change, and while in a frozen condition were
placed in a temperature of 140 degrees and there remained
for 48 hours.

June 10 — After 48 hours’ treatment under this heat they
showed that they were still in their original condition, which
proves beyond all reasonable doubt their great value.

WILL MAKE BRICK FROM STEEL SLAG

I. G. Trauerman, of Trauerman & Co., live stock com¬
mission merchant at the Sioux City, Iowa, stock yards, has
been elected president of the American Block and Brick
company of Pittsburg, Pa., a company which proposes to
manufacture high class brick and building stone of the
slag from the furnaces of the Carnegie steel works.

The election assures -Mr. Trauerman of a fortune, the
extent of which, estimated by Henry C. Frick, of the Car¬
negie Steel company, runs into seven and eight figures, as
Mr. Trauerman is one of the original owners of the com¬
pany, which in its infancy was only the scheme of the in¬
ventor of a process to manufacture the slag into building
material or tiling.

This announcement was made when a contract was signed
by Mr. Trauerman with the Carnegie . Steel company, of
Pittsburg, covering a period of ten years, whereby the
American Block and Brick company secures the use of
three of the big blast furnaces of the Carnegie Steel com¬
pany, and purchases 400 tons of slag daily at the low rate
of 10 cents per ton. The company also secures five acres
of ground within a convenient distance from the 105 fur¬
naces of the Carnegie Steel company, that the slag may be
transported to the brick works on small cars at small cost.

The American Block and Brick company propose to be¬
gin at once the manufacture of a brick which promises to
become one of the most popular building materials of mod¬
ern times. For years the steel companies have been at a
loss to known what to do with the slag.

Formerly the leavings from the iron and manganese ore
were dumped onto cars in a molten mass, and the slag was
thrown out in large lumps, weighing half a ton to a ton
each. But in recent years when it has been a problem to
know what to do with the slag, it has been dumped into
large cement tanks direct from the furnaces, which gran¬
ulated it and made it much easier to handle.

This granulated slag consists of 28 per cent lime, about
32 per cent sand and almost 40 per cent cement. By a
patented process the American Block and Brick company
will take the granulated slag, and after drying and pulver¬
izing it, press it into blocks of any size. The natural color
is a grayish white, about the same as cement blocks but
it may be made any color by mixing earth colors with it.
This makes it possible for the company to imitate any color
brick or building stone.

FORMER CLEVELAND BRICK MAN RETURNS

R. L. Queisser, formerly of Cleveland, Ohio, but for the
past five years manager of the Zanesville Hydraulic Pressed
Brick Co., has returned to Cleveland to take a position of
sales manager for the Cleveland Hydraulic Pressed Brick
Co.

With the combining of all the pressed brick plants the
management of the Zanesville works will be directed from
Cleveland. The position has been created for Mr. Quiesser,
who will have five men traveling in different parts of this
district.

FORTY YEARS’ OF SERVICE WITH ONE

COMPANY

Jacob Berscheidt, the oddest employe of the Solfisburg
Brick & Tile company, Aurora, Ill., commenced his fortieth
year of service June nth.

Mr. Berscheidt has been with the brickyard since its in¬
fancy, Christian Solfisburg, who founded the company, had
been in business but two years when Berscheidt went to
work for him. He has not worked for any other firm since.

OL7SY RECORD.

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS

K, Morrison, of Bay City, Mich., is to start a cement brick
works at Carlyle, Manitoba. The machinery for same has
already been shipped.

The Emery Cement Brick Machine Co., Bay City, Mich.,
has received an order for 150 of their cement brick ma¬
chines, valued at $15,000.

The proposed Logansport (Ind.) Sand-Lime Brick Co.
expects to be making brick within 60 days, according to
D. A. Gillespie, the promoter.

The Watertown (S. Dak.) Pressed Brick Co.’s plant,
which was just completed, was destroyed by fire. It is
said the plant will be rebuilt at once.

The Michigan Sand-Lime Brick Co., Grand Rapids, ex¬
pects to begin the manufacture of brick early in July. Many
orders have already been received by the company.

The 20th Century Tile Roofing Co. has been ' organized
at Rochester, Mich., for the purpose of manufacturing
cement shingle machines, the invention of G. L. Saterlee.

A. F. Lewis and J. J. Miller have purchased the business
of W. L. McDonald in the manufacture of Meracle blocks
at Santa Barbara, Cali. The firm name will be Lewis &
Miller.

The Hondo Stone Mifg. Co., Roswell, N. Mex., has
made ""arrangements to install new brick-making machines
in their plant, which will give the plant a daily capacity
of 50,000 brick.

The Manistee (Mich.) Brick Co. has been running their
plant full blast since early spring, and are now ahead of
the last year’s business. Messrs. Marsh and Anthony are
the prime movers in the enterprise.

The Granite Brick Co., Glen Falls, N. Y., recently held
their annual meeting and elected the following officers : D.
P. De Long, president; G. M. Ingasbe, vice president, and
A. Z. De Long, secretary and treasurer.

By the terms of a compromise between the warring stock¬
holders the United States Granite Pressed Brick Co., Los
Angeles, Cal., has been combined with the Granite Pressed
Brick & Stone Co., a new organization.

Barry, Mo., has a new industry known as the Barry
Concrete Block & Brick Co. The stockholders are N. R.
Davis, J. N. Moore, Harlan Horn and Theo. Tomlin. The
company has purchased the old Christian Church property.

Tlie business men of Luverne, Minn., have made the pre¬
liminary arrangements for the establishment of a new brick
plant for the manufacture of sand-lime brick. The plant
will cost $30,000 and sufficient funds are already sub¬
scribed.

The Waterloo (la.) Concrete Roofing Co. has been in¬
corporated with $20,000 capital stock. It will manufacture
machinery to make concrete shingles and roofing. F. W.
Reisinger is president, and C. M. Straley, vice president
and secretary.

The stockholders of the Indianapolis (Ind.) Composite
Brick Co. recently held a meeting and elected the follow¬
ing directors: Lawrence Elkus, John G. Koeppen, Aaron
Hill, J. H. Mills, Ewald Over, Henry Moots and John C.
Webb. A banquet to the stockholders was given in the
Grand Hotel.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

C. A. Benton has purchased land and will establish a
brick works at Corsicana, Texas.

The New Pana (Ills.) Brick & Tile Co. has been organ¬
ized under the above style and name.

H. M. Baldridge, Mt. Auburn, Ills., has purchased land
at Forest City, Iowa, and will build a $12,000 tile plant.

Heavlin & Martin, Pleasant Valley, Iowa, are putting
in electric machines to be used in making brick and tile.

The capital stock of the Dry Pressed Brick Co., of Spo¬
kane, Wash., has been increased from $50,000 to $100,000.

Dr. R. R. Stoner, Minneapolis, Minn., president of the
Stoner Land Co., will establish a large brick making plant
at Medicine Hat, Alberta.

The Gilmer (Texas) Brick & Block Co. has been incor¬
porated with $6,000 capital stock. Incorporators are S.' J.
Waghalter, F. S. Eberhard and others.

The West Park Brick Co., Strathcona, Alta., has closed
a deal for 10 acres of clay land and will make common
brick and later install a pressed brick plant.

The Ross-Keller Triple Pressure Brick Machine Co. is
loading a six mould triple pressure brick machine for the
Kaysville Brick Co. of Salt Lake City, Utah.

The Central Brick Co., New York, has been incorporated.
Incorporators are A. C. Ormsbee, W. S. Woodhu'll and
H. C. McCollom. 32 Nassau St., New York.

The Calder Brick Co., Emporium, Pa., has been ab¬
sorbed by the Penn Vitrified Brick Co. C. H. McCutcheon
of Buffalo, N. Y., is president and W. H. G. Walker man¬
ager.

The Western Fire Brick Co., Denver, Colo., William
Geddis, president; David Seerle, vice-president, and S. P.
Adams, secretary and treasurer, has bought land at Argo,
Colo., and will erect a fire brick plant.

The Crescent Brick Co., Towson, Md., has been incor¬
porated with $150,000 capital stock. The incorporators are
F. R. Biedler of New York, H. S. Mancha, James L. Sipple,
H. H. Biedler and L. H. Gadd of Maryland.

The Morris (Man.) Brick Mfg. Co., Ltd., has been
incorporated and will build a plant at that place. W. T.
Windsor, a competent brickmaker of Winnipeg, is install¬
ing the machinery and getting the plant in shape.

The Stockton (Cal.) Fire & Enameled Brick Co. has
been incorporated with $100,000 capital stock, with M. J.
Gardner president. They purchased land adjoining the
glass works and expect to have a plant in operation by Sep¬
tember.

The National Building & Paving Brick Co., Los An¬
geles, Cal., has been incorporated with $300,000 capital
stock. Directors are J. T. Colli ver, W. C. Short, W. H.
Esdohr, C. W. Reynolds, M. J. Danison, J. A. Colliver,
and C. C. Reynolds.

The Ainslie (Ga.) Brick Co., of which J. R. Holmes is
president, and C. H. Williams vice-president and general
manager, of Macon, have secured 100 acres of Ocmulgee
river bottom clay and have about completed their plant to
make 30,000 brick daily.

The Ross-Keller Triple Pressure Brick Machine Co. has
just shipped a complete four mould outfit to the Lyle Rock
Co. of Kansas City, Mo. This company installed a Ross-
Keller press a year ago, and are now doubling their ca¬
pacity bv the addition of another of these triple pressure
machines.

The Ottumwa (Iowa) Pottery & Clay Products Co. has
been incorporated with $60,000 capital stock. J. T. Hack-
worth is president : Frank L. Hall, vice-president ; E. R.
Mitchell, secretary: J. B. Morey, treasurer, and J. P.
Young, general manager. The company has taken over
the Philpot property.

CLHY RECORD,

J. S. Kies, of Worthington, has bought A. C. Ady’s in¬
terest in the Grundy Center (la.) Brick & Tile Co.

P. J. Mason, of Prosser, Wash., has had clays tested
that are very satisfactory for brick and tile and a plant is
a possibility.

The Utter Brick & Tile Mfg. Co. has a plant ready for
operation at Marshfield, Oregon. D. A. Utter, formerly of
Weiser, Idaho, is the proprietor.

The Potlatch (Idaho) Brick Co., Ltd., has been incor¬
porated, with $10,000 capital stock. Incorporators are J.
A. Terteling, F. C. McGowan and H. P. Henry.

. The Devonshire Brick & Ceramic Co., Roseville, O.,
owned by Columbus people, contemplates enlarging the ca¬
pacity of the plant at once on account of the demand for
the goods.

The Crucial Fire Brick Co., Rome, Ga., are now turn¬
ing out brick at the rate of 40,000 daily. C. N. Fuller is
the manager. The company intends to turn out common
brick as well as crucial fire brick.

The Arkansas Brick Co., Texarkana, Ark., has been in¬
corporated, with $10,000 capital stock. The officers are H.
L. Webster, president; W. E. Casey, secretary and treas¬
urer and H. C. Lehman, superintendent and manager. The
company will establish a plant a short distance east of
town.

The Iowa Brick & Tile Co., Des Moines, la., has been in¬
corporated with $10,000 capital stock. T. D. Fraser is
president, and F. H. Ovennan, secretary, and Fred H.
Huntington, director. They will operate the Iowa Brick
Mfg. Co. plant.

T. C. Sherman, Campton, Ky., will develop clay de¬
posits recently discovered.

W. A. Dodds, Hickman, Ky., will erect brick sheds, 66
x 200 feet, capacity 20,000 brick daily.

Three million feet of gas a day has been struck by the
Davidson Brick Co., Follansbee, W. Va.

The Central Ohio Roofing Tile & Brick Co., Columbus,
O., has reduced its capital stock from $60,000 to $1,000.

Martin Nelson has bought an interest in the Hillsboro
(S. Dak.) Brick & Tile Company, and will act as its book¬
keeper.

The Denny-Renton Clay & Coal Co., Seattle, Wash , is
to erect a sewer pipe plant near the Columbia & Puget
Sound Railway right-of-way.

New York parties have purchased the brick works and
adjoining land of George L. Tobin at Castleton, N. Y., and
will manufacture brick on a much larger scale.

The Empire Clay Products Co., New York, has been
incorporated with $5,000 capital stock. Incorporators : F.
A. Malette, Z. G. Haskins, R. S. Messinger, of Geneva,
N. Y.

Mr. Snyder, of Humboldt, and W. W. Jones and Mr.
Cleveland have announced that everything has been closed
for the building of a new brick-making plant at Elsmore,
Kansas.

The Pasco (Wash.) Brick & Stone Co. has been incor¬
porated with $10000 capital stock, by N. T. Phillips, J.
J. Hughes, N. R. Sylvester, R. J. Huston and W. E.
Quinlan.

The New San Francisco Continuous Kiln

WILLIAM A. BUTLER, Patentee, 34 Parkside Ave. San Francisco, Cal.

is the only CONTINUOUS KILN having regenerative furnaces for burning bricks with CRUDE OIL or POWDERED COAL

This kiln has the greatest thermic efficiency, for the following
reasons:

FIRST— A perfect system of regulating the velocity of gases
through the kiln.

SECOND- No excess of air, such as is required in UP-DRAFT or
DOWN-DRAFT kilns.

THIRD — Perfect air recuperation.

FOURTH — Perfect combustion.

FIFTH — Doss by radiation reduced to a minimum.

SIXTH— No cold air admitted with the fuel in the combustion
chambers.

SEVENTH— Heat generated instantaneously.

EIGHTH— No delays, no waiting for the coal or other fuel to
ignite, as in the ordinary continuous kiln.

NINTH — The burning bricks receive the full benefit of all the heat
produced, as the combustion chambers are contiguous to the kiln.

TENTH— The amount of heat generated is at least 100# greater
than that produced by coal screenings dropped between the burning
bricks in a given length of time, in the ordinary continuous kiln.

CONSTRUCTION

This kiln can be constructed with 10# less material than the ordi¬
nary continuous kiln.

The outside and inside walls, etc., are left down to a point four
feet below the coal-floor line of the ordinary continuous kiln, the arch
only being built above this line.

There are no BAGS or BAG WADES to take down and rebuild
when the kiln doors are opened and sealed up.

Has no complicated system of flues.

Has no complicated system of GAS PRODUCERS.

Can be arranged for utilizing the surplus heat with a blower, no
chimney being required in this case.

This system applied to a HOFFMAN KEEN will increase its capac¬
ity at least 100 per cent.

RECORD.

38 , CLHY

The Toledo Coal & Clay Co., Toledo, O., has reduced its
capital stock from $500,000 to $140,000.

The Portsmouth (O.) Harbison- Walker Co. has reduced
its capital stock from $600,000 to $10,000.

The Lytb Tile Co., Buffalo, N. Y., has been incorporated,
with $150,000 capital stock, by Samuel E. Lytle and others.

Contracts have been awarded for the doubling of the
capacity of the plant of the Diamond Fire Brick Co., Canon
City, Colo.

Elbridge A. Flanders, of North Dexter, Maine, will es¬
tablish a brick works at Dexter on the site of the old Dun¬
ham Brick Yard.

The plant of the Blast Furnace Fire Brick Works at
Sciotoville, O., has been razed. It was the property of the
Harbison- Walker Refractories Co.

The Wooster (O.) Clay Products Co. has been incor¬
porated with $20,000 capital stock, by I. J. Harris, N. H.
Harris, R. S. Rogers, L. Fishel and W. S. Levens.

The Pacific Clay Co., owned by Oakland, Cali., people,
has purchased twenty-five acres of clay land at Vallejo,
Cali., near the Hyfire Clay Co.’s plant, and will build at
once.

The president of the Lewiston (Idaho) Commercial Club
reports that a company is being formed to build a large
brick plant on the Snake river, to cost $35,000; also a ce¬
ment plant that will cost $300,000.

The Peninsula (O.) Face Brick Co. has been incor¬
porated, with $60,000 capital stock, by I. M. Justice, S. D.
Parker, F. R. Ormsby, E. C. Chambers and G. W. Auten.
The main office will be in the Hamilton Bldg., Akron, O.

Why

IDEAL

Machines

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IDEAL

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of a uniform excellence of quality that commands highest price. Ideal
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BLOCK, BRICK AND SILL MACHINES. MIXERS, ORNAMENTAL MOULDS, ETC.

The Hocking Valley Fire Clay Co., Nelsonville, O., has
increased its capital stock from $7,500 to $100,000.

The Central City (la.) Brick & Tile Co. plant has been
sold to J. C. Latshaw, of Wisconsin. A. E. Rickerd will
manage the plant.

The plant of the International Brick & Construction Co.,
Boise, Idaho, is now turning our 40,000 brick daily. J.
G. McDonald is superintendent.

The New Castle (Colo.) Portland Cement Co. has been
incorporated, with $60,000 capital stock, by J. C. Coryell,
John W. Ritter and Bert Grigon.

The Ashville (O.) Bricjc Co. contemplates putting in
new brick machinery of modern pattern so as to keep up’
with the demand. S. M. Lewis is the proprietor.

The Las Cruces (N. Mex.) Brick Co. has been incor¬
porated with $25,000 capital stock. Incorporators are J.
M. McHenry, B. L. Berkey and M. H. Peterson.

The Central Sewer Pipe & Supply Co., Steubenville, O.,
has been incorporated, with $10,000, by H. W. Irons, W.
R. Stark, H. H. Smith, D. J. Sinclair and B. S. Pope.

The Gem Clay Forming Co., Newell, W. Va., has been
incorporated with $10,000 capital stock. Incorporators are
B. H. Green, S. C. Albright and H. D. Weaver, all of
East Liverpool, Ohio.

The Wilpicoba Clay Works, Ragland, Ala., is building a
plant for the manufacture of building and paving brick.
J. R. Wilkinson is president; C. H. Pittman, vice presi¬
dent and manager; A. L. Collard, secretary and treasurer,
and A. H. Banker, general counsel. General office, 416
Peters Bldg. Atlanta, Ca.

: -FOR: -

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
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We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
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American Process Co.,

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■

CLKY RECORD.

Peter Verigin, of Yorkton Sask., Can., has bought land
and will build a brick making plant.

A. W. Winegar, Burlington, Colo., has decided to put
in a brick works and has ordered the machinery for same.

Machinery for the Leesburg (N. J.) Brick Co. has ar¬
rived at Millville and brick will be made within the month.

I lie plant of the Blackwell (Okla.) Brick & Tile Co. is
about ready for business. The machinery is all placed with
the exception of the repress. The present capacity of the
plant is 60,000 brick daily.

The Pearl Clay Products Co., Bradford, Pa., has been
incorporated, with $200,000 capital stock, by W. M.
Hodges, F. P. Shoemaker, C. E. Foster, G. W. Foster and
James P. Ryan, all of Bradford.

The Atlas Portland Cement Co. has bought 680 acres
of land at New London, Mo., which is underlayed with
limestone and shale, the limestone testing 98 per cent pure.
It is understood they will build a plant on the land.

The Krarnb Brick & Tile Co., Oak Harbor, O., has been
organized and purchased the Ezra Fetterman works and
with added machinery, will soon begin the manufacture of
brick and tile under the management of A. E. Balin.

The Mlanteno (Ills.) Brick Co. recently elected officers
as follows: Dan G. Lee, president; George Hatch, vice
president; G. W. W. Jackson, secretary; Otto Weber,
treasurer; John P. Hatch, director. The company showed
earnings of 5 per cent for the first year, which is consid¬
ered good, as brick were made at a loss up to seven weeks
ago.

The Fort Dodge (la.) Clay Works will be sold at public
sale June 29th.

Antone Koller has sold out his interests in the brick yard
at Pana, Ill., to John Ide, who will conduct the yard in the
future.

The Oaktibbe Brick Co., Meridian, Miss., has been in¬
corporated, with $15,000 capital stock, by William Rich¬
ardson and Chas. B. Woods of Pittsburg.

The Cedar Creek Brick Co., Fish Pond, Ala., has been
incorporated with $4,000 capital stock. Incorporators are
W. W. Downing George Miller and Geo. F. Arnold.

The Conyngham (Pa.) Brick Co., which was formed a
year ago, has leased four farms in Black Creek township,
and it is their intention to put up a brick and terra cotta
works.

The Earl Park (Ind.) Tile & Brick Co. has been in¬
corporated with $15,000 capital stock. Directors are F.
H. Meier, IT. L. Cohen, Jeremiah Dugan and Christ Chris¬
tiansen.

Immense deposits of kaolins and light-buff burning clays
are being opened by E. A. Hail, Geo. H. Wilson and
others. A complete equipment of mining and brick ma¬
chinery will be purchased by Prof. J. F. Elsoni, of New
Albany, Ind.

The Heron Lake (Mi'inn.) Brick & Tile Co. has been in¬
corporated, with $35,000 capital stock, by C. K. Willard,
of Mankato, A. C. Ochs of Springfield, and W. A. Ochs
of Lamberton. The plant will be enlarged and managed by
Mr. Willard, the vice president.

The Ideal Brick Kiln

SHOULD DE

Cheap and durable and have a big daily capacity.

In order to save fuel it should be of the continuous type.

The heat from the already burned cooling bricks should
preferably be used to lighten the burning proper.

The different stages of the burning process should always
be easily observable. Such one is the

CEIMELEWSKI PATENT KILN

Dr. HERMAN RABERGH

Sole Agent in the U. S. A. and Canada

24 Cottage Ave. « Fitchburg, Mass.

OLKY RECORD.

BRICK PLANT FOR SALE

Brick Plant on three railroads, within two blocks
of paved streets, in prosperous town. Address:
EDWIN A. WILSON. Marine Bank Bldg.

Springfield, Illinois

BRICK AND TILE MACHINERY AT SACRIFICE

Where a country is tiled, factories are offered
complete, or in part, Cheap Have several Brewer
Mills for sale, and others.

Engines, Boilers, Crushers. Drying Pipes, etc. If
you wish to buy or sell write

Brick and Tile Machinery

Secor, Ill.

A MANUFACTURING PROPOSITION

We install and equip complete plants for manu¬
facture of Egyptian Plaster Plates, the popular new
building material now in great demand. It's inex¬
pensive and modern. Nailed on like boards. Only
a small investment, and you have exclusive territory
piotected by patents.

Egyptian Sheet Plaster Co.

Jackson, Mich.

BRICK PLANT WANTED

Wanted to buy an interest in a pressed or paving
brick plant located in Central States and having
down draft kilns, or will take a position as manager,
with privilege to purchase an interest.

Address: “Manager” Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Illinois

FOR SALE

One power Repress, in number one condition, used
only but a short time; capacity 10000 per day. Ask
for full particulars.

American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave. New York

EN6INES AND BOILERS

Corlis engines, 20x48, 18x36, 16x42, 12x36. Also 40
other sizes and styles in stock.

Boilers, Tubular, 84x18. 78x16, 72x18. Also 60 other
styles and sizes in stock.

Send specifications of your requirements and we
will make you a proposition that will interest you.

THE RANDLE MACHINERY CO.

1732 Powers St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

A COMPLETE BRICK-MAKING OUTFIT
FOR SALE CHEAP

We are consolidating our paving brick plants. This
throws out ot use.

One Center Crank, ioo horse power Engine.

Iwo Boilers, 50 horse power each.

One Feed Pump.

One eight foot Frost Dry Tan, wood frame,

One Elevator. One Pug Mill.

ODe Augur Machine, 50,000 capacity.

One Freese Automatic Cutter.

Shafting, Pulleys and Belting. All in good working
order and valued at over $5000. Will sell same cheap.
Immediately delivery „

‘STREATOR PAVING BRICK CO.

Streator, Illinois

FOR SALE.

Right and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

No better nude, cut froir
$3 and S10. to

4 Wheel, $3.00

5 Wheel. $3.25

Guaranteed.

Paper Jogger, quoted. Sold by all dealers

R. A. HART. 41 White St.. BATTLE CREEK, MICH

MEN WANTED

Six men experienced in Hollow block manufac¬
turing. highest wages; no labor trouble. Apply to
605 Diamond Bank Building I Ohio Clay Products Co.
Pittsburg, Pa. | Salineville, Ohio.

FOR SALE OR TRADE.

Two Brick and Tile Plants in Iowa and Illinois,
now running. Address.

THE KIEN DOCTOR,

514 Fourth Street, Dayton, Ohio.

FOR SALE

A good Road Machinery Co.’s make, No. 4 Cham¬
pion Crusher, in perfect condition; very little used;
no reasonable offer refused.

OHIO CI.AY PRODUCTS CO.

605 Diamond Bank Bldg. ,

Pittsburg, Pa.

FOREMAN WANTED

Wanted a general Foreman for a No. 1 fire brick
and farm Drain Tile Plant located in the Mississippi
Valley. Must be sober, up-to-date and a hustler.
Good wages to right party. Address:

"F. T.” GERMAN INSURANCE AGENCY
Rock Island, Illinois

FOR SALE

Modern Soft Mud Plant, city 12.000, good business,
good prices, abundance of clay and sand. Address,

Wm. m. reed,

Princeton; Ind.

FOR SALE CHEAP

GREAT EASTERN CEAY CO.

39 Cortland St., New York.

FOR SALE

One Chambers pug mill, practically new, sufficiently
large for any output. A first class machine in every
respect. Address

ALONZO CURTIS BRICK CO..

Grant Park, Ills.

WANTED

Wanted Stoneware Potter — both wheel and Kiln
men, W rite to

SPOKANE POTTERY CO.

Clayton, Wash.

PLANT FOR SALE

A first-class tile and brick plant in best part of
Iowa. Capacity 15000 brick or tile in proportion.
Reason for selling, age. For particulars write to
H. E- SWIFT, Riverside, Iowa

A GOOD INVESTMENT

Man with capital and experience to start Brick &
Tile plant. Good clay, good location adjoining R. R.
track. Earge home demand for tile. For particu¬
lars write

Box 73 OKABENA, MINN.

FOR SALE

For Sale— 75 Acres; 60 feet of - hale.

10 feet ol Fire Clay, 3 feet of Coal developed.
Excellent conditions Railroad track.

Price, $15,000. Address.

NEW CENTRAL COAL CO.

Terre Haute, Ind.

POSITION WANTED

Young man with experience wants position as
manager or superintendent, stiff mud brick yard.
Can bring men to fill all the important positions
from foreman, burners and setters down.

Willing to go anywhere. Best references.

Address R, Care CEAY RECORD,

Chicago, Illinois.

FOR SALE— CHEAP— New and re-laying rails, 12,

16, 20 and 25 pound. For prices, address

ATLAS CAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio. !

KAOLIN FOR SALE

Have just discovered and offer for sale the finest
quality of Kaolin ever mined in Georgia, orthesouth.

E. T. EEE, Zenith, Ga.

FOR SALE

Clay Disintegrator, new $50.00; Tempering 'Wheel
used only two seasons $45.00.

C. EUGENE KEMP
306 Eocust St., Williamsport, Pa.

PLANT FOR SALE

On account of too much other business to look after
I will give you a bargain on a first-class brick and
tile plant located at Edgewood, Clayton County,
Iowa. Fob particulars write.

S. E. CEARK, Redfield, So. Dak

MACHINERY FOR SALE

Soft mud outfit manufactured by the American
Hay Working Machinery Co., consisting of Upright
Itock Brick Machines direct attached Pug Mill,
VIold Sander.Brick Molds, 5 Eeaf Dump Table, 10,000
iVooden Palletts. All in fine condition; very reas-
mable price. Apply to

BALTIMORE VITRIFIED BRICK CO.

Baltimore, Md.

FOR SALE

Startling sacrifice — Completely equipped ornamen¬
tal brick plant, excellent cpiality clay, on Baltimore
& Ohio Railroad in Ohio, has been bonded for
$80,000.00; for sale unencumbered for $10,000.00 cash.
Address: E. E SEOCUM

141 Broadway, New York

POSITION WANTED

Position wanted as Assistant or Superintendent.
Experienced in Press Brick, Paving Brick, Fire¬
proofing, Roof Tile. Can give references. Address:
GEO. W. PH1EEIPS

1505 St. James Street Eos Angeles, Cal.

WANTED

By well known machinery manufacturer man
competent to handle Sales Ledger and Credits and
Collections. Applicant must have good habits and
furnish best references. Address:

“C” Care of CEAY RECORD

Chicago, Illinois

00 YOU WANT TO SELL YOUR BUSINESS?

DO YOU WANT TO EXCHANGE PROPERTIES?
DO YOU WANT TO BUY A BUSINESS?

If you want to buy, sell or exchange any kind of
business or real estate anywhere at any price,
address FRANK P. CLEVELAND,

1726 Adams Express Building Chicago, Illinois

PARTNER WANTED

A good, reliable man of experience, with some
capital to invest in and take charge of a new Dry
Press Brick Plant. Plenty of shale, and good mar¬
ket for all the brick. Address

DENIS, care Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

We offer for sale at a sacrifice the fol¬
lowing BOYD Presses

One 3 Hold Standard 1891 Pattern
Two 4 Hold Standard 1897 Pattern

All in good condition. Inspection in¬
vited. Immediate shipment.

Harrison= Walker Refactories Co.,
Farmers Bank Building,

Pittsburgh, Pa.

STONE- MAKING
MONEY MAKING

By the PETTYJOHN System
More Pettyjohn Concrete
Block Machines in use than
any other — there’s a reason.

Machines from $35 to $275,

Guaranteed in every way and
shipped on trial anywhere.

Let us tell you how to start a
Stone - Making -Money- Mak¬
ing factory in YOUR town.

Our catalog o concrete facts
is free.

The Pettyjohn Company

622 N. 6th St.. - TERRE HAUTE, IND.

THE WONDER OF THE AGE

Grateless Furnace
Kiln

For Up-Draft Clamp
Kilns and Down-Draft
Kilns remodeled; also
plans for new Kilns
furnished. Yard rights
for sale.

Write for particulars to

F, E, SWIFT

514 West Fourth St.
Dayton Ohio

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902
SAGINAW, W. S., MICH.

Improved Saginaw Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

Don’t confuse our Practical System with the so-called
Scientific Systems. We confine ourselves to the manufacture of
machinery for making brick from sand and lime; installing the
complete plant, starting and operating at our expense until at
least 100,000 brick are made before asking for a settlement.

uur plants are installed under the .‘upervision of Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand-Lime Brick should be
and can be made. We have Practical Plants Running
Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

T H IB

CLAY WORKER’S HANDBOOK

A Manual for all Engaged in the
Hanufaclure of Articles from Clay

JUST OUT : : PRICE $2.00

NOW READY— A TREATISE ON

PRODUCER-GAS and
GAS-PRODUCERS

BY AN ACKNOWLEDGED AUTHORITY.

A 300-page book containing thirty chapters, giving the fundamental
principles and definitions, calculations, classifications, manufacture and
use; the fuel, the requirements, the history, its by-products, I'roducer-
Gas forflrlng kilns, steam boilers, and power plants. The
future of the Gas-producer and a bibliography.

OVER 100 CHOICE ILLUSTRATIONS— PRICE, $4.00.

A subscription to the CLAY RECORD for one year without additional
charge to those that are not now subscribers.

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO, ILL.

Main Yard and Office Branch Yard Banister River,

South Boston, Va. Branch N. 4 W. Ry.

■BOSTON BRICK COMPANY
Manufacturers of Plain and Fancy
„ Brick, Cement Brick and Blocks

H. W. Cosby, Superintendent and General Manager.

South Boston, Va., January 19, 1907.
Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co ,

Marion, Ind.

Gentlemen: —

The greatest trouble brick men have is getting hands to feed regu¬
larly— they will over feed and choke the machine break or run belts off
and then sit down and rest while the owner labors to repair and start up
again. Your Clay Feeder is perfect and is indispensable to any brick
( manufacturer who wishes to make a good brick at lowest cost.

Yours truly,

Signed by H. W. Cosby, Supt. and Gen. Mgr. BOSTON BRICK CO.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co,

Marion, Ind.

FOR SALE

A Fine Opportunity

On or prior to January ist., 1908, we shall discontinue the manufacture of
Brick Machines and brick yard supplies. We offer for sale at any fair bid our
business, good will patterns, supplies and stock on hand. Our old reliable
Machines are sold throughout the entire United States without expense to us
and any one who engages in manufacturing can increase their sale largely by
slight effort. These Machines have been made in this factory for thirty years.

The Tiffin Wagon Company, ~ ~ Tiffin, Ohio

CLHY RECORD.

New Vibratory Piano Wire Screen

Chicago Brick Machinery Co., chicaoo, u. s. a

MANGANESE

FOR ALL USES.

LuMP.CiRAiN^GRouHD

60-70 °/o 70- 80 % 80-90^0 OXIDE.

Clay Workers Goods a Specialty

SAMPLES and prices on INQUIRY.

KENDALL & FLICK

WASHINGTON. D.C.

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventative for scum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
th® Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

PeaH<Str»«t NEW YORK

NEEDED In every HOME,
SCHOOL and OFFICE.

Reliable, Useful, Attractive, Lasting, Up
to Date and Authoritative. 3380 Pages,
6000 Illustrations. Recently added 26,000
New Words, New Gazetteer and New Bio¬
graphical Dictionary. Editor W.T. Harris,
Ph.D., LL.D., United States Com. of Ed’n.
Highest Awards at St. Louis and Portland.

Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. Largest ol
our abridgments. Regular and Thin Pape*
editions. Unsurpassed for eVgance and con¬
venience. 1116 races nr d D00 i luxation*.

Write for “The Story of a Book”-*JTree.
Gfg C. MERRIAM CO., Springfield,' Has a.
GET THE HE ST.

Clay Record

Is semi-monthly
It Costs

One Dollar

A Year

C. K, WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

►

Something New In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Dennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of advantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April 14,
1903 and Septembers. 1903
Brick plants installed and
put in operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water St., Norfolk, Va.

Absolutely safe and reliable.

Ask your friends

A WOODEN TOWER

Is a source of annoyance and danger. It is
liable to rot and collapse at any time. A

CALDWELL STEEL TOWER

is safe, staunch and durable and will carry
four times the weight of the filled tank.
Expensive labor is not necessary to erect
these outfits, your own men can do it. We
furnish all plans.

Send for illustrated catalogue and price list.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.,

Louisville, Ky.

FIRE! FIRE!

jjEigj

EXTINGUISHERS

For all Purposes

“Utica” No. 2 for Homes

jg-j.'nu"all

“ No. 3 “ Factories

“ No. 4 “ Fire Departments
“ No. 7 “ Launches and Cars

| “ No. 8 “ Steamships and Cars

1 “CHILDS” for Insurance requirements.

Approved, Tested and Labeled by the
Underwriters’ Laboratories

L O. J. CHILDS COMPANY

' Sole Manufacturers

UTICA = = = N. Y.

MOULDS

s pTrKcTion br[ck

PATENTED JAN. 28, 1902.

THE ARNOLD-GREAGER CO.

Manufacturer* of Brick Machinery
and Suppliea of all Kind*.

NEW LONDON, OHIO.

■

TWO PAPERS FOR THE PRICE OF ONE

THE SOUTHERN ARCHITECT is an ideal paper in its field.
Shows views, plans, cost, etc., of the better class of buildings
being erected in the south. Price is $1.00 per year. Every
issue is worth price of year’s subscription.

! BOTH PAPERS FOR. SI. 00

For a limited time only we will send both papers one year for
$1.00. Send us $1.00, check, stamps, money order, or currency,
and both papers, The Concrete Age and The Southern
Architect, will come to you twelve months. Subscribe today.

THE SOUTHERN ARCHITECT 1Vla°nxta6^

A rflt jv A

Their Occurence, Properties and

With special reference to those of the
United States, by Heinrich, Ries Ph. D.
8 Vol. 490 pages, 65 figures, 44 plates

PRICE $5.00 NET

Clay Record Publishing

Chicago, Illinois

►

Uses

Co., ;

BBBBBBBBBflBBBBflBBBBM^BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBa

j Brick Moulds and
| Brick Barrows

® With Moulds and Barrows it is not the first

a cost, but it is, will they last? We have made

S them for over 30 years and know your wants,

a All kinds and shapes. A trial order will oob-

H vinoe.

2 James B. Crowell & Son,

2 Wallkill, N. Y.

BSBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBflBBBBBBBflBflBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

1 f

H. E/C. DEAVITT,

PRACTICAL, AND CONSULTING CHEMIST,
Garden City Block,

CHICAGO.

Analyses of Clay, Sand, Lime, Cement Materials and
Shales a specialty.

Special attention given to the preparation of Clay Pro¬
ducts from the raw material.

A well equipped laboratory and long experience in this
branch of work enables us to give expert reports on obtaining
glazes on refractory materials.

All enquiries in regard to the above will reoeive prompt
attention.

CL-HY RECORD.

“New Era

Qas and

Gasoline Engines

and GAS PRODUCERS

If you want a perfect built, and successful running Gas
Engine, order the New Era, which has our Patented Water
Jacketed Solid Cylinder Head, requiring no Packing. We
use a Mrap Style Connecting Rod, which never breaks, Aux-
iliary and Regular Exhaust, Make and Break Electric Igniter.
We have more good points in the construction of the New Era
than anv other Gas Engine built. Sizes from \y2 to 150 Horse
Power

For Catalogue and further information, write to

THE NEW ERA QAS ENGINE CO ■ O AL1? AVE*

Why not secure Jeffrey
estimates before you buy?

CATALOGUE No. 80

Mailed Free, with others on

Screening, Mining, Drilling

Crushing, Coal Handling

CONVEYING MACHINERY

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

THE JEFFREY MFG. CO.

COLUMBUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON PITTSBURGH DENVER

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN CO. PITTSBURG, PA.

BUILDERS OF

Pittsburgh Standard Grinding Pans, Dry or Wet, Revolv¬
ing or Stationery Rock and Ore Crushers for Brick, Cement
Terra Cotta and all kinds of Refractory Materials.

When writing for prices state kind of material and capacity.

BORTON & TIERNEY CO., Philadelphia, Pa.
Eastern Sales Agents

HICKS CLAY CO.

MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF

Best grade clays which can be manufactured into
anything known to the clay trade.

We have an inexhaustible supply covering 230
acres and 70 feet deep. Unexcelled facilities for prompt
shipments and can load any amount at any time.

All clays 75 cents per ton, f. o. b. for this year only.

We also offer special inducements for parties desiring
to locate and will entertain any legitimate proposition
even to furnishing one-half of the capital for any sized
plant.

We are located advantageously at junction point of
the Chicago & Alton R. R. and also on the C. B. & Q.,
70 miles north of St. Louis, Mo.

Samples and analysis of all clays sent free upon
request. Correspondence solicited.

H. C. WORCESTER, Secy. CHAS. T. HICKS, Pres.

R00DH0USE, ILL. DRAKE, ILL.

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

A well-tried and
proven Success.

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

Price Right,
Write Us

ALL STYLES

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,

, (Patented.)

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

3STIL.BS, OHIO

Steel Double Side Dump Cars of
Every Description

Complete Installation of
Industrial and Portable

RAILROADS

Immediate Delivery

Of Portable Track, Steel Dump Cars,
Switches, Frogs, Turntables, Rails,
Dryer Cars, Transfer Cars etc.

Write for Catalog No. 48

ARTHUR

KOPPEL

COMPANY

135 Morris Bldg., New York 1641=6 Monadnock Block, Chicago
53 Oliver Street, Boston 1606 Machesney Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.

1514 Chronicle Bldg., San Francisco

Works at

V'Who*!'

e*ker CountV ^

Trade-Mark.

THE TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR CO.

1856 ========== CUYAHOGA FALLS, OHIO, U. S. A. - 1907

PATENTED

NINE FOOT COMBINATION MILL

COMBINATION MILLS

Twice the capacity of a wet pan and at
less horse power.

SAVE THE UNNECESSARY HANDLING

NO DRY PAN GRINDING. NO DUST
ELEVATOR. NO EXPENSIVE STOR¬
AGE BINS. NO DUST SHUTES.

Take the short, high grade road

FROM INVESTMENT TO SUCCESS.

Purchase “Vaughn’s” modern machinery
and insure against loss or delay.

SEWER PIPE AND TILE PRESSES, NOZ¬
ZLE, SLEEVE AND RUNNER BRICK
MACHINES. DRY AND WET PANS,
PIPE, TILE, CONDUIT AND OTHER DIES.

THE PARENT OF RAPID GRINDING AND TEMPERING. REVOLVING
PAN AND RECIPROCATING WHEELS

ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON COMPLETE
EQUIPMENT.

CLKY RECORD.

Sand Lime Brick Machinery

FURNISHED BY

THE SEMISTEEL COMPANY

CLEVELAND - - - OHIO

Write for Further Information

MAKE

YOUR OWN

BRICK CUTTING WIRES

When You Can Buy Ready Hade Cheaper?

SEND FOB SAMPLES AND PBICES.

GEORGE S. COX, East Liverpool, Ohio.

SAND-LIME BRICK MACHINERY

Furnished and Installed by the

International Sand=Lime Brick Machinery Co.

(Incorporated under'tke laws of the State of New York)

Under the Safest and Strongest Guarantees.

Inventors and Owners of the “Division Method” (patented in
the United States and all Foreign Countries)

Write for information to the

International Sand-Lime Brick & Machinery Co.

156 Liberty Street
NEW YORK

The Thew Steam Shovels

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 1 Shovel— Geo. H. Clippert & Bro., Detroit, Mich.

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30, COO to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

“Be sure you are right M then go ahead,’*

G. E. Luce Engineering Co.

(G. E. LUCE, Practical Mechanical Engineer)

Sixth Floor, Plymouth Bldg., 303 Dearborn St.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Designer and Constructor for all

Kinds of Clay=Working Plants

B uilding, paving and pressed brick, tile, hollow block and fire-proofing plants
plan and specifications prepared.

Designed and reconstructed several of the largest plants in this country.

Years of experience in this particular field, and formerly engineer in charge
of construction for the Illinois Brick Co. of Chicago.

Machinery, drying and burning troubles corrected.

Examination of properties, clays tested, and advise as to the possibilities of
success of either old or new plants.

CLHY RECORD

■

No. 64 Nine Foot Pan

New Design- Nothing' Like It

Note the Strength, Note the Convenience, Note the Capacity

IF YOU WANT QUALITY— A FULL VALUE FOR THE MONEY—

YOU HAVE IT HERE

Write for Complete Description, e build every Machine and Appliance needed in Clay
Working Plants. Every Machine we build is a Standard of Quality, Distinctive
in Design, Quality and Operation. Let us figure with You.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY COMPANY - - -

BUCYRUS. OHIO
U. S. A.

STIFF MUD BRICK MACHINERY

We build other machines, larger and smaller capacity, same
quality. We build everything needed to make clay products.
Also Dryers that we can guarantee. Write for catalog. .

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO-

BUCVRIJS, OHIO

No. 62 HAND-POWER ROTARY BRICK CUTTER

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

| m 1

■ ■ :;

We
build

line of machinery
and appliances for
making clay products
by all processes. Write
concerning your needs.

The American
Clay Machinery
Company

WILLOUGHBY, OHIO, XT. S. -A..

LOCATIONS

FOR POTTERIES, BRICK AND

TILE PLANTS

The very {finest 'deposits of Kaolin, VFire and other Clavs in
great abundance along the

LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE RAILROAD

In the States of KENTUCKY. TENNESSEE, ALA¬
BAMA, GEORGIA, MISSISSIPPI, and FLORIDA.
Cheap Fuel. Good Markets. Unexcelled Transporta¬
tion Facilities. For further particulars, address

G. A. PARK,

General Immigration and Industrial Agent

LOUISVILLE, - KY.

;

♦

► A A A A AAA*

▼ VT? WTT

University of Ifliinois

Colleges and Schools of Literature and
Arts, Science, Engineering, Agriculture,
Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy,
Library Science and Education.

DEPARTMENT OF CLAY WORKING AND CERAMICS

ESTABLISHED IN 1905

Offers opportunities to students wishing technical
instruction which will help them to overcome the dif¬
ficulties confronting the manufacturer of clay products.

Free scholarships are open to regular students from
Illinois. Laboratory expenses reasonable.

For further information address the Registrar,
W. L. Pillsbury, or the Director,

Professor C. W. ROLFE,

Urbana, Illinois.

WHAT THE

“SCIENTIFIC

SYSTEM”

CAN DO FOR YOU

The “SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”

offers you the opportunity of
entering into the manufacture
of the coming buildine ma¬
terial

SAND LIME

BRICK

This brick is strong and
durable. It can be manufac¬
tured in less time and at a
lower cost than any other
brick on the market.

OUR SCIENTIFIC

SYSTEM

will enable you to manufac¬
ture SAND LIME BRICK of the
very highest quality in less
than 24 HOURS.

We are ENGINEERS and
CONTRACTORS to the SAND
LIME BRICK INDUSTRY and

will etect and equip your
plant with the machinery of

the SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM” and

start you on the road to suc¬
cess.

Write us tor particulars and we can
undoubtedly refer you to a plant
equipped by us and situated
in your vicinity

StND FOR CATALOG No'. 18

vrn-m

mmmmim i

umxrzst bh

CLHY RECORD.

SATISFACTION

Is the only code word we can use for our WASTE HEAT DRYER.

MFW YOPK RIOWFP fO Chicago, Illinois Bucyrus, Ohio

1 1 L YY IWIVIX L> YY L 1\ VsKJ. Philadelphia New York St. Louis

BOOKS YOU NEED IN YOUR BUSINESS f

The Repair and flaintenance of Machinery

By Thomas W. Barber, C. E. A hand book of practical
notes and memoranda for engineers and machinery users,

186 pages— 417 illnstrations— 8 vo., cloth . . $3.50

How to Run Engines and Boilers

By Egbert Pomeroy Watson. A practical instruction for
young engineers and steam users. 125 pages — illustrated —

16 mo., cloth . . . $1.00

A Handbook of Engineering Laboratory Practice

By Richard Addison Smart, M. E. This book .3 a manual
for the use of students in experimental work, strength of
materials and hydraulics. It is also to guide engineers in
active service. 290 pages— 12 mo., cloth . $2.50

Calcareous Cements

By G. R. Redgrave, C E. Their nature properties, and use.

The composition and process of making Portland and other
cements, analysis and cost . . $3.50

American Cements

Bo Uriah Cummings. A treatise on the nature and prop¬
erties of natural and artificial hydraulic cements. 299
pages— Illustrated— 16 mo., cloth . $3.00

Notes on Concrete and Works in Concrete

Portland Cement

By B. D. Butler. Asso. M. Inst. C. E. A complete treatise
on the manufacture, testing and use of Portland cement.
Contains 860 pages, 85 illustrations, 8 vo., cloth bound, price $6.00

Architects’ and Engineers’ Hand Book of Reinforced
Concrete Construction

This book describes and explains thoroughly the various
forms of modern concrete construction. 172 illustrations,

218 pages. Price . $2.00

The Blasting of Rock

In mines, quarries or tunnels. A. W. & Z. W. Daw. A com¬
plete book giving weight of blast, how, when and where to
make it. 270 pages— 8 vo., cloth . .• • . $6.00

Steam Boilers

By James Peattie. Their management and workings on
land and sea— very complete. 230 pages— 12 mo., cloth . $2.00

The Pottery aud Porcelain of the United Mates

Ay Edward Lee Barber, A. M., Ph. D. 210 illustrations

Octavo., gilt top . . . 93.50

The Story of the Potter

By Charles F. Binns. A popular account of the pottery and
porcelain industry. 250 pages— Illustrated— 16 mo . 75

Architectural Pottery

Translated from the French. Brictas, tiles, pipes, enamelled
terra cotta, stoneware, mosaics, faiences, and architectural
stoneware. In two parts. 8 vo., 496 illustrations. Price . $7.50

Notes on Pottery Clay

The distribution, properties, uses and analysis of ball clays,
china clays, and china stone. Crown— 8 vo., I32pages, price.$1.50

Chemistry of Pottery

By Simeon Shaw. The chemistry of the Several natural
and artificial heterogeneous compounds used in the manu¬
facturing of porcelain, glass and pottery. 750 pages, price .$5.00

Engineering, Practice and Theory

By W. H. Wakeman. 184 pages— 5x7J4 inches. Price . $1.00

Sillco-Calcareous Sandstones (Sand Lime Brick)

By Ernst Stoffler. Treats on the formation of artificial brick
made from a mixture of lime and sand under the influence
of moisture. Raw materials, methods, manufacture.

Shows outline drawing of factories, elevations to detail.

Ground plans andSectional Elevations, .price . $1.00

Brick, Tiles and Terra Cotta

261 engravings — 8 vo., cloth . $10.00

Transactions of the American Ceramic Society

Containing the papers and discussions of the society. The
most complete information published. 6 vols. Price, each. 94.00

Manual of Ceramic Calculations

This book was compiled with great care and most com¬
plete. Price . ....$1.00

Will be sent postpaid on receipt of prlce0

OROERpTO CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY, *303 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO, D. S. A.

CLKY RECOFtu.

Chicago Iron Clad Dryers

Are Invincible

Constructed with highest attainments in science of steam fitting and appliances
for economizing fuel. The Iron Clad for rapid drying, the Tender Clay for all clay
products that crack easily.

For perfection and economy in drying they are beyond competition.

Barron Tender Clay Dryer, Which DOES THE WORK

We construct and install Dryers adapted to drying all clay
products With greatest perfection and economy in fuel and labor

BARRON DRYER CO., 84 La Salle St., CHICAGO, ILL.

the “MARTIN” PRACTICAL
CLAY-WORKING MACHINERY

When a man finally gets a thorough understanding of the benefits that come to the Users of the
“MARTIN” Machinery— the time saved, the labor saved, the money saved — it dosen’t take him long
to place his order with the Lancaster People. The man who pays the bills and then has something to
show for his investment, is the man who has a “MARTIN” on his plant.

mu right

AND

LEFT

DOUBLE MOULD ENTRANCE STEAM POWER BRICK
MACHINE MARTIN’S STYLE “A”

GIVE

YOU

THE

BENEFIT

FIFTY

YEARS

EX¬

PERIENCE

MARTIN’S STYLE “A” IN COMBINATION WITH TWO SANDING MACHINES

CflDPCT That we are prepared to equip Brick Plants complete, includingjBrick
UU!» I rUllilb I Machinery, Dryers, Engines, Boilers, in fact everything required to
make a good Brick all ready for market. We guarantee our machinery too. Let us send you our new
Catalogue No. 100, describing “Everything the Brickmaker Needs’’ it’s free. Write us.

LET US TEST YOUR CLAY AND ADVISE YOU AS TO ITS MERITS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFG. CO. INC.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

q dWOH^i {UH<0 KjftJU HQh^U {ticjOxJ I

CLKY RECORD

MARTIN STEAM
“DRYING SYSTEM

SRIGK

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699109
October 10, 1905, No. 95520
November 14, 1905, No. 804489

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

From “Martin Patent System’’ Brick Dryer to Kilns.

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

SUPERIOR IN EVERY RESPECT TO ANY OTHER SYSTEM— Labor Saving Throughout.
Dispenses with.Truckers and car Pushers. Pallets Automatically Return to Brick
Machine. Quick to install and low in price, and takes up very little Yard room.

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFG.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A,

GLKY RECORD,

MONARCH STOCK BRICK MACHINE
Capacity* from 80.000 t*» 50.000

BRICK and TILE
MACHINERY

THE QUAKER

Horse or Steam Power. Capacity. 20.00 to SSjOOi

MSJKSX OR TILE MACHINE. WITH AUTOMATIC TABLE

"we

Full

our

Guarantees.”

THE PREMIER BRICK MAC-HIHE

and BENSING Automatic Sid* Cot BRICK CUTTML

We have a full line of Clay-Working Machinery, sand mold brick machines, auger brick and tile machines.
Automatic side and end cut tables, dies, molds, barrows, trucks, sanders, represses, pug mills. The only down cut,
reel side Wick cutter on the market for cutting face brick that do not require repressing. We can guarantee to make
you a better face brick with this cutter than you can get from any other cutter on the market.

B. E. LaDOW, - - Fredonia. Kansas.

CLHY RECORD

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR -MOLD “SPECIAL”

PRESS 5$

' ./SPECIAL”;.. -;. 4

omsmMBoSVRrrE co

CHICAGO

a--V

Its Record: More Boyd Presses in actual operation than of all other Press Brick Machines
combined. Write for Catalogue.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.,

OFFICE i.XI) WORKS: 67th and WALLACE STREETS Chicago, Illinois

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

FOUR -MOLD “ACME”

IT’S NAME A GUARANTEE. The Four-Mold Press above illustrated is our latest improved
machine of this design. Over ONE HUNDRED now in use. Especially adapted for working shales.

A BUSINESS PROPOSITION

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.

OFFICE AND WORKS: 57th and WALLACE STREETS

Chicago, Illinois

SAND-LIME BRICK

MACHINERY

'BOYD 9UALIGY

MODERN$METHODS <f, A A NO EXPERIMENTING

Sand-Lime Brick Plants designed and
complete machinery equipment furnished,
installed and set in operation. Machinery
and product guaranteed.

Correspondence solicited.

CHISHOLM, BOYD & WHITE COMPANY

OFFICE AND WORKS, 57th AND WALLACE STREETS

Bill

CHICAGO

ILLINOIS

GLKY RECORD,

THe White BricK Press

FOR MAKING

SAND-LIME BRICK

CURES ALL PRESS TROUBLES, The only Press specially
designed for this work and the only Press having Hinged Mold Table
and Removable Mold. Our special Press Catalogue tells all about it.

Full Outfits for Sand-Lime Brick Plants. Latest designs in Grinders,

Mixers and Dryers. Plants installed complete under fullest possible guar¬
antees, subject to acceptance after first 100,000 brick are made.

Send for Illustrated Bo o%let

American Sand=Lime Erick Company

Great Northern Euilding , Chicago

CLKY RECORD.

BERG BRICK PRESS

The BERG for the highest grade
of pressed brick of shale or
clay. It makes all kinds of
shapes and sizes of brick.
Changes from one shape to
another can be made in
less than an hour’s time.

First-Class Workman¬
ship. Cut Gearing. Fully
Warranted.

The BERG makes the
best sand-lime brick and
cheapest because it is the
strongest machine and
gives the highest pres¬
sure. Thirty-five sand-
lime plants in United
States use the BERG

The BERG MAKES the highest
grade of fire brick. Can
make all kinds of shapes
desired for fire-brick

purposes.

Three distinct
pressures make
the brick evenly
pressed all
through. No
granulated cen¬
ters of the brick.

The highest development of the
Art of Brickmaking Machinery
so pronounced by the United
States Government.

The BERG is
the best for sand
and cement be-
cause of its
strong pressure.
Uses less ce-

Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY.

The 1905 Berg Press

For prices and full particulars, address

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO, ONT., CANADA

ment, makes cheaper brick.

CLHY RECORD.

Auger Machine

Combination Machine

UP-TO-DATE MACHINERY

For Making all Kinds of Brick-

Dry Pressed, Wire Cut,
Sand Moulded

Full
Fine of
BricRyard
Specialties
and

Supplies

New White Press

New Model Berg Press

fit addition to out* well known BERG PRESS , we are now
bringing out our new WHITE PRESS for day-brick work . It is
especially recommended for difficult and refractory day . By far
the most powerful press built . Removable molds , changed in SEVEN

minutes . Special catalogue and

Something New for 1907

Rocking and Dumping Grates
tor Kilns . Save coal , save labor,
and do away with checked brick.
Send for “Lecture on Combus¬
tion,” by His Satanic Majesty.

full particulars on application.

U. S. SELF CLEANING GRATE

In position ready for use. Part oi frame cut away to show connection below.

Chicago Brick Machinery Co.

1308 Great Northern Bldg.

WE BUILD

Sand=Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross=Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, . ST- L0UIS' M0<

OLHY RECORD

Did you ever

inquire

into the

merits of the

Scott

Noiseless

Plant?

The Andrus Four Mold BricK Press

“THE PRESS THAT SCOTT BUILDS”

Over ioo in use throughout
the United States and Can¬
ada. 21 of them right here
in the St. Louis District.

7 of them
on one plant

SCOTT MANUFACTURING CO.

602 Commonwealth Trust Building :: St. Louis, Mo.

CLKY RECORD.

THE FERNHOLTZ BRICK MACHINERY CO.

MANUFACTURERS OF

DRY PRESSES, PULVERIZERS, MIXERS, ETC.

FOR

CLAY

AND

SHALE

BRICKS

FOR

CEnENT

AND

SAND-

LIME

BRICKS

This Hand Press makes Brick equal in density to those made on a power press.
Every Brick PERFECT. Extensively used for ornamental and special design.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

BOYLE AND OLD MENCHESTER, ST. LOUIS. MO.

CLHV REOORl,

NO TOGGLES

POWERFUL,

SIMPLE,

STRONG,

DURABLE,

EFFICIENT,

RELIANCE
DRY PRESS

ADDRESS

S THE RELIANCE MACHINE AND TOOL WORKS

S ST. LOUIS, MO.

PATENTED

THE ONLY MACHINE MAKING BRICK WITHOUT GRANULATED CENTERS.

We Design and Equip Dry Press Brick Plants Complete

WRITE TO-DAY FOR PARTICULARS. . A A -A SEND US A SAMPLE OF YOUR CLAY.

CLAY RECORD,

ARE YOU INTERESTED IN A CUTTER
THAT WILL DOUBLE YOUR
PROFITS FOR 1907?

The Hix “Happy THougHt” Automatic Cutter will do it. THis
Cutter is without an equal as it does what others can not do.
Will cut end or side cut bricK, Hollow blocks or conduits any
length or size desired. The capacity is unlimited. No clay
wasted, every bricK a perfect one, no complicated machinery to
get out of order and give annoyance.

It Will Pap You to Write Us for Particulars

THE HIX “HAPPY THOUGHT” AUTOMATIC SIDE CUT BRICK CUTTER.

The Wallace Manufacturing1 Company

FRANKFORT, IND., U. S. A.

- — — — — m— EB&sRfcfr

CLKY RECORD.

■ ; ' / ::sm nr 1 h miii'i' i wiiibhb i i h'shb^m iiBWMWMiiifiWBWM— i

A NEW COMPOUND CRUSHER

THE. BREWER NO. 11

Ask for Bulletin No. 7 which tells ell about it

SLM ODCIMfO M TECUMSEH

MMm DfT BL WW mLmY ft m MICHIGAN

UNION BRICK MACHINES

We build these Machines in five sizes. Capacities to 10,000
brick per hour.

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do first-class
work and are convenient, economical and durable. This can be
verified by investigation.

We also build Brick Machines with separate Pug Mill.

Don't forget our Automatic Cutters. They give satis¬
faction.

State your requirements and let us furnish particulars.

E. M. FREESE & CO.

GALION - OHIO

HORIZONTAL BrTcFmACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

BRICK DRYERS

The largest and best. The drying done
upon an entirely new principle. Brick
made today. Set in Kiln tomorrow.
Thoroughly dry. Will dry the most
tender clay with no loss from cracking.

It has No cars

No transfer cars
No rail
No ties
No fans

No extra engine

No high or expensive stack

The best dryer on the market. Manu¬
factured by

C. & A. POTTS & CO.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND,

Machinery for Building Brick

=AND FOR STREET PAVERS*

Weight
about
11,000 pounds
Capacity
2,000 bricks
per hour.

Single Crank
Movement
Working
Machinery

all above the

Mold Box.

THE PHILADELPHIA REPRESS.

Automatic End Cut Brick Machines of five sizes, having capacity

from 10,000 to over 100,00 brick daily under

favorable conditions*

CHAMBERS BROTHERS COMPANY

52D A/ND MEDIA STREETS

E. R. FRAZIER, Chicago Agent,

59 West Jackson Boulevard.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

CLHV RECORD.

NO. 9 AUGER BRICK MACHINE

Capacity 50,000 to 70,000. The Machine for Diffi¬
cult Clays. Heavy Shafts -Steel Gears -Accessibility

Modern Brick
Machinery

12 Ft DOUBLE GEARED PUG MILL TYPE “C”

Heavy Shafts and Large Faced Gears

Write for Our new Circular No. 12 describing some new Models of Brick Machinery

The BONNOT COMPANY

CANTON, OHIO

•20

I THE GUILDER

I ELEVATING and

I LOWERING

1 BRICK CAR

FOR OPEN AIR SYSTEM OF DRYING

CLHY RECORD.

Write us in regard to this car and also let us tell you all about the
“PREMIER” line of Clay-Working Machinery.

The J. D. F ate Company

PLYMOUTH, OHIO

DURABILITY OF TILE.

BY CHARLES JAMES FOX, PH. D.

The most remarkable property of the ceramic or clay tile
is its extreme durability which enables it to withstand for
centuries the wear and tear of use and the insidious ravages
of time. Geology shows many examples of remarkably
preserved rocks formed of baked clay placed side by side
with granite and other stones which are gradually being
ground to dust by the very forces which are impotent against
the harder clay. Archaeology has given the world many ex¬
amples of tile and other ceramic products which date back

to the ceaseless beating of the waves and to the deteriorat¬
ing effect of rain, wind, heat and frost; the other appears
worn, its corners rounded off, its base strewn with debris
caused by wind and wave, rain and sun. The geologist tells
us that these sharp angular cliffs were originally strata of
clays, which were depressed to a depth below the surface of
the earth where the internal heat baked them in a manner
similar to the potters’ fire, and subsequently cast to the
surface by a geologic upheaval. The rounded cliffs are lay¬
ers of granite, produced by the metamorphic action of the
heat, on other layers associated with the clay. The wear¬
ing away of this softer stone has formed the clefts, cracks

Rocks on the Maine Coast

several thousand years before the Christian era. History
tells of ceramic floors in cathedrals, churches and abbeys
which have been used without injury for centuries. Simple
experiments and scientific tests demonstrate that baked clay
is the most durable of all the substances used for floor
or wall coverings.

The accompanying photograph of cliffs on the Maine
coast shows two distinct classes of rock ; the one stands
out boldly presenting its sharp angles and unscarred sides

and coves between the harder cliffs of clay. These rocks
were at one time a solid mass, but the wearing away of
the granite has left the cove seen between the smooth and
sharp angled ledges formed of baked clay. At the bottom
and center of the cut can be seen the remnants of the gran¬
ite, which have the appearance of worn, spongy looking
stone. Thus granite, which is to us almost a symbol of all
that is hard and durable, is really a perishable substance
in comparison with baked clay. Try to scratch these rocks

CL.HY RECORD.

of clay and you will find that steel makes no impression
upon them ; moisture can not penetrate them and no agency
common in nature can corrode them.

Among the articles found in the mounds of the Missis¬
sippi Valley are many bowls, jugs, cooking utensils and
other things of baked clay used by prehistoric man. All
of these have been broken but their fragments have neither
decayed nor changed in color. But the most striking ex¬
amples of the ancient potters’ craft have been found among

latter being used to form the red, buff and brown colors. It
is a noteworthv fact that in all these floors still in existence
the marble portions have been well worn by use, while the
clay tesserae are in almost perfect condition.

During the mediaeval centuries of Europe encaustic, or
monastic, tiles were used extensively for the pavements in
the interior of English churches and abbeys. Many well
preserved examples of these tiles, bearing the armorial, pic¬
torial and symbolical designs traced by the monks, can be

Tile Rearing Babylonian Inscriptions

Lion of Babylon

A Roman Mosaic Floor

the ruins of Babylon, Assyria and Egypt. The British Mu¬
seum and other museums of Europe contain many examples
of tiles from these countries which are from two to six
thousand years old. These tiles are generally well preserved,
retaining even their original brilliancy of color. The fa¬
mous Lion of Babylon, made of yellow and green glazed tile,
and the clay tablets bearing Babylonian inscriptions ante¬
date the Christian era by several thousand years; yet in.
many cases they are as well preserved as if they had been
taken from the kiln but yesterday.

An excellent comparison of the durability of Babylonian
clay products with -those of stone was made by the discovery
of a colossal stone lion among a pile of bricks and tile. The

seen to-day in England; they are almost unworn by the
tread of the countless multitudes who thronged the church¬
es during the middle ages.

Coming from mediaeval Europe to modern America one
of the first tiled floors of note in this country was that in
the Capitol at Washington, laid about fifty years ago.
These tiles were made by an English firm, as a half century
ago there was not a tile manufacturer in the United States.
With the exception of one or two tiles at the entrance,
which are worn less than an eighth of an inch, these tiles
appear as if they had been put down but yesterday.

angles of the stone figure were much worn and the features
obliterated, but the sharp clear angles of the brick and tile
were still intact after four thousand years.

The elaborate mosaic floors and pavements of the Romans
formed a striking feature of their architecture. There are
many examples of these mosaic floors in existence in Italy
and throughout the former Roman colonies. The mosaics
were formed of tesserae of marble and of baked clay, the

Floor Tile for Mediaval Cathedral

Ten years later an elaborate marble and slate floor was
laid in the National Hotel at Washington, but a short dis¬
tance from the Capitol. To-day the marble slabs of this
floor are in many cases worn completely through, especially
in front of the door and the celrk’s desk, and the holes are
filled up with cement. As slate makes a more durable floor

CLMY record.

than marble, the alternating slabs of worn marble form deep
indentations, in many cases hollowed out as much as three-
quarters of an inch, between the harder slabs of slate. But
even the slate is worn considerably and cracked in many
places.

The relative durability of various flooring materials was

ordinary jack-knife and trv to scratch the tile with the
sharp steel blade. It will be seen that the hardest kind of
steel does not make an impression on the vitrified tile, but
merely leaves a mark resembling that of a lead pencil, and
which can be removed by simply wiping it off with a cloth.
1 ry the same experiment with a piece of marble and it will
be found that steel easily scratches the marble.
This is a very important consideration,
especially for floors and hearths. The nails of
the shoes will scratch and gradually wear out
marble, but will make little or no impression
upon tile.

Tile is the ideal covering for floor or wall.
It is so hard that it can not be scratched by
the nails of the shoes or other sharp pieces of
steel. As a fire-resisting material it makes an
excellent hearth, as it cannot be burned by
red-hot coals. It is impervious to moisture,
and, unlike marble, it is non-porous so that it
cannot absorb dirt or dampness. Ink spilled
upon it will leave no stain, while it is difficult
to remove stains from marble.

Many centuries’ experience has shown that
the durability of the tile withstands not only
knocks and blows but also the insidious wear
and tear of time and constant use.

Floor Tile in Capital at Washington

The South Bethlehem (Pa.) Brick Co. has
been incorporated with $5000 capital stock.

tested several years ago by an ingenious ex¬
periment of Mr. Frank Furness, a well-known
architect of Philadelphia. The several speci¬
mens were cemented to identical blocks of
sandstone, each of which weighed twenty-one
pounds. Each sample presented a surface
six inches square and a thickness corres¬
ponding to the usual thickness of flooring
materials. They were placed face downward
•on a horizontal iron rubbing wheel, ten feet
in diameter, which was run for one hour at a
speed of seventy-five revolutions per minute.

The blocks were held in place by a frame and
the face of the wheel supplied with rubbing
sand and water. The wear of the various
flooring materials was then measured, showing
the amount that was worn away by the wheel.

The clay tile lost but y& of an inch in thick¬
ness by the hour’s grinding of the wheel; the
"Vermont marble lost %. of an inch; the marble
mosaic collapsed altogether, one inch being
Tubbed away within fifteen minutes, and the
whole slab dissappeared under thirty- five
minutes. Owing to the scientific accuracy Marble and Slate Floor in a Washington Hotel

with which this experiment was carried out, it was a The Ross-Keller Triple Pressure Brick Machine Co. is
valuable and reliable contribution to the practical knowledge shipping a complete four mould outfit to The Badger

of the architect and builder. Pressed Brick Co. of Fond du Lac, Wis. The plant is to

Another simple experiment by which the extreme dura- be located at Oakfield, Wis., and the product will be a high
bility of the ceramic tile can be demonstrated is to take an grade mottled brick.

CLKY RECORD,

THE USE OF “GROGS” IN BRICKMAKING *

I have chosen as the subject of this paper one which I
think is of great interest and also of great importance to
clayworkers. By “grogs” is meant those substances, which
are added to strong clays to render them milder and more
easily worked. As a rule only one such substance is used by
brickmakers in this country, and that is sand; but a few
others can be used in case sand is scarce, e.g., loam, pow¬
dered brick-bats, sawdust, coal screening, etc. Of course
these several grogs have different effects upon the brick or
other product to which they have been added, and I wish to
discuss briefly a few of the effects of these grogs on our
clays in Ontario.

There is a common error among builders and contractors
in general concerning the addition of grogs. They believe
that the addition of sand or powdered brick to a clay is an
adulteration and a detriment to its use as a building mate¬
rial, much as we view the addition of cotton or shoddy to a
woolen fabric. This error on the part of brick users, and
many brickmakers also, is a serious one, for the addition of
these grogs is just the reverse of the above. They improve
the brick in several ways, as I hope to show you.

Looking at this subject first from the standpoint of the
brickmakers, you all know well the difficulties that have to
be met in working a clay that is too strong or fat, as it is
often called. In the first place, such clay is difficult to mine
or dig ; it sticks to the ploughs, spades, scrapers, or whatever
else may be used to dig it. It sticks together so that it can
scarcely be picked apart. You all know just how tough a
clay bank can be. If, however, there be a certain amount
of sand in the clay it digs so much more easily.

The tempering of a strong, stiff clay is a most difficult
thing; it is almost impossible to do it by hand, and if it is
done by a pugmill or other machines the tough clay will
prove a great user of power. About the only way to temper
and disintegrate such clay is to dig it in the fall and allow
it to lie in a heap over winter, when with frost and wet
and dry it will slowly slake and break up to a workable con¬
dition. But some of you have not time for this, and should
add sand to such clay in your pugmill, or tempering pit,
or to the brick machine itself, if you do not temper in a sep¬
arate machine.

In the next part of brickmaking, viz., moulding, sand
plays a very important part. It is almost impossible to
shift a strong clay from the moulds; such clay will fit the
mould so tightly, and it will be so close in grain that it will
rub the moulding sand off the moulds and make it almost
impossible to shift the brick when made. It is astonishing

what an improvement a little sand will make to such a clay
in this respect.

In drying either stiff mud or stock brick an addition of
sand will make an enormous difference in the rate. Very
strong clay will crack and slake or a dry shell will form,
keeping the interior of the brick wet, or the brick will warp
and shrink out of shape by unequal drying and the accom¬
panying air shrinkage. When sand is added it renders the
clay leaner or milder; it will not require so much water

*A lecture by Professor Baker of the Canadian Clay Manufacturers

for moulding, and the grains of sand keep the brick more
open, so that the moisture can escape in drying. Again,
the sand will not shrink, so that the bricks will keep their
shape much better, as only part of the material of which
they are made shrinks.

We have seen from the above remarks, certain parts of
which must describe conditions which all of you have ex¬
perienced in one respect or other of your industry, that the
addition of sand makes clay-working much easier in every
respect, from the digging of the clay to the burning of the
finished product.

But all that we have said is from the standpoint of the
brickmaker; but what of the brick user? Does the addi¬
tion of this sand mean a poorer article for builder and con¬
tractor? This is the other standpoint from which I wish
you to study this question.

Two great classes of strains are put upon bricks in build¬
ing; the one is a tensile strain which would tend to
pull bricks apart, the other is a pressure which would tend
to crush the brick. The second of these is most important,
as it is practically the stress to which bricks are subjected
in a building by the weight placed on them. In order to
submit clays to some of these tests, I took several of our
Ontario clays and subjected them to these tests, as follows : —

Table

of Clay

Tests.

15 per

■ cent.

Sand

25 per cent.

Sand

33 per cent.

Sand

Sample.

No. 1.

No 2.

Aver.

No. 1.

No. 2.

Aver.

No. 1.

No. 2.

Aver.

A ..

250

210

230

320

365

342

250

265

257

B ..

29O

325

307

380

350

365

270

290

280

C ..

3°°

340

320

350

375

362

326

3°°

313

D ..

210

185

197

330

350

340

280

295

287

E ..

235

270

252

295

310

302

200

230

215

261 342 270

The raw clay with its own 15 per cent, of sand was formed
into a briquette, then the percentage of sand was increased
to 25 and then again to 33 per cent. These briquettes were
made about the shape of the figure 8, the narrow part being
1 in. wide, and the whole briquette is 1 in. thick, so that
at the smallest section, that is, at the place where they will
naturally break, the cross section would be 1 square inch.
The weight applied was in pounds, so that the results were
in pounds per square inch. The briquettes were all burned
in the same muffle furnace, so that all three sets of briquettes
were subjected to the same conditions in burning.

From the above tests we see that the addition of sand
to these clays makes them stronger and better able to resist
the pulling strains to which they are subjected. We see
here that the best results were obtained when the per cent,
of sand is 25, whereas 33 per cent, is a little too much. This,
of course, simply means that you can get too much even of
a good thing, and of course there is a proper increase of
sand, which, seriously overstepped, becomes a detriment in¬
stead of the reverse.

The crushing test, or the ability to withstand weight
placed upon it, is still more important to brick users, and
some tests of these are also of interest. In these tests
small cubes were made 1 in. to an edge, so that the blocks

CLHY RECORD. 25

were 1 cubic inch and any face was 1 square inch. Pressure
was then placed on this, and gradually increased till the
cube crushed. Four tests were made on ordinary red-face
brick, as sold in general for building, and these required an
average of 2,460 lb. to the square inch to crush them. This
figure is given as a standard for ordinary stock brick and
for comparison with the tests given below.

Table of Clay Results.

15 per cent. Sand. 25 per cent. Sand. 33 per cent. Sand.

Smpl. No. 1. No. 2 Aver. No. 1. No. 2. Aver. No. 1. No. 2. Aver.

A 3150 2820 2985 3190 3390 3290 2640 3060 2850

B 2900 2580 2790 2990 3375 3182 3400 2760 3080

C 2620 2760 2690 3250 3580 3415 3615 2880 3247

D 3480 2844 3162 3640 4370 4005 2510 2640 2575

E 3710 3410 3560 4360 4720 4540 3390 3570 3480

3027 3686 3046

Here again we see that the addition of sand improved
these products. The small blocks were all burned in the
one kiln at one time, so that the conditions were uniform
for all. The tests show that 25 per cent, of sand is again
best, while 33 per cent, oversteps the limit and the ability
to withstand pressure begins to drop again. You will no¬
tice also that the average of tests made on the clays having
15 per cent, of sand in them, and this, by the way, is about
the average of our Ontario clays, is about the same as the
standard of four tests made on ordinary stock bricks as sold
in general for building purposes, which shows that these
tests were about as fair as could be made. We realize, of
course, that many tests must be made before any general
statements can be made, but it seems sufficiently well estab¬
lished when an average of ten tests on a clay with 15 per
cent, sand in it gives 3,027 lb. to the square inch, while ordi¬
nary stock bricks of commerce made from such clay also
give 2,460 lb., and that ten tests of clay with the sand content
increased to 25 per cent, gives an average of 3,686 lb. per
square inch, that the addition of sand to clay is a desirable
thing. It seems certain, at any rate, that the addition of 25
per cent, of sand, or one shovel of sand to three shovels of
clay, is a decided improvement on strong clays, but this per
cent, of sand should not be seriously overstocked or the
values drop again.

Do not mistake me to mean that every one of you should
add 25 per cent, to your clay in working ; some of you have
a sandy clay already, and no doubt you know it and are
pleased with the way it works into bricks. But others, and
a majority at that, have a strong clay, difficult to handle
and work up — do not hesitate to use sand. It will not hurt
the colour of your bricks unless there be limestone in it, and
this is very rarely the case.

If you suspect limestone in your sand, put a little of it
into a glass tumbler or a bottle, then pour in a little acid of
any kind, and warm it slightly by placing it in a little warm
water. If there is any limestone in your sand you will see a
brisk effervescence or bubbling coming off the sand. If
your clay burns to white bricks or buff bricks this will not
hurt them, but if your clay burns to red bricks, avoid any
sand or loam 'that shows limestone, for this will tend to
spoil the colour of the bricks by making them light in colour,
or even spotted.

The addition of combustible grogs, e.g., sawdust or coal
screenings, is for a different purpose entirely, and this is
a subject which has not been considered very much in this
country. In Europe such grogs have been used to a con¬

siderable extent. Coal, e.g., is powdered and mixed in the
raw clay, when the kilns are burned this fine coal dust burns
also and helps to distribute the heat throughout the kiln and
aids in the burning. The particles of clay fuse slightly and
knit to each other, and a more or less porous brick results.

Considerable use is now made of coarser materials as
grogs, e.g., coarser coal or sawdust is commonly used. This
is used in the manufacture of porous bricks, tera-cotta lum¬
ber and fireproofing.

The aim of the architect and contractor now is to erect
a building that will be fireproof and yet not too heavy. This
is now accomplished by making the main structure or shape
with iron and filling in with terra-cotta lumber or fireproof¬
ing. To make this we may use any kind of clay as the colour
of the product does not signify, provided it is strong and
light. The clay is pugged thoroughly with coarse sawdust,
the blocks of any desired shape are made, as in the stiff
mud process, by varying the die ; they are dried like tile,
after which they are burned in a down-draught kiln. The
sawdust soon catches fire, and helps to burn the blocks,
and after burning out the small pores are left, making the
blocks quite porous or vesicular, so much so that the blocks
are very light and can be used for ceiling, arches, domes,
roofs, partitions, etc., or for any of the purposes for which
heavier timber would be used. These blocks are so porous
that nails, screws, spikes, etc., can be driven into them with
about as great ease as into timber. The rought porous blocks
serve admirably to plaster on to, so that a building of any
shape may be covered by them and plastered over and paint¬
ed. For this reason most of the interior decoration now seen
in large buildings is accomplished in this way.

The discussion of grogs so far has been confined to dffer-
ent substances that are added to the raw material. There
is one new use for grogs now which may not be well known
to you all. All of you who are working with the ordinary
scoved kiln or Dutch clamp kiln have experienced the diffi¬
culty of burning the bricks right to the outside of the kiln.
This has been aided in many ways, e.g., by leaving the heads
more open in piling, to cause more draught in that part ; or
again, the centre of the kiln may be covered on top by mud,
or by asbestos sheets, thereby throwing the draught to the
outside around the edges. But a new and much better
method may now be used. This consists in placing a row of
hard coal screenings, which are cheap, around the edge of
the kiln on top. The ridge of hard coal is about 18 in. wide
and rounded up like a potato ridge. In setting the kiln the
heads are left open as usual, and a row of skintlers are usu¬
ally placed on the very outside row. After the kiln has
burned up considerably in the usual way, and when the heat
begins to get up through the heads, the kiln man goes up
on top, and by the use of a small wedge like a poker he
works the bricks a little and allows a little of the coal to
trickle down into the kiln. This coal takes fire and helps to
burn the bricks, and at the same time creates an extra
draught through the heads, which soon draws more of the
kiln fire to those parts. This act should be repeated every
hour, letting only a little of the coal trickle down each time,
so as not to choke the draughts or cause too much fire in
the heads. By this process your kilns can be burned right to
the scovirig. I have seen them done, and good red-face
bricks shipped from against the scoving. In down-draught
kilns, of course, the fire can be drawn to any part of the kiln
by the use of dampers.

I have confined all my remarks to this one division of
clay manufacture, because I am convinced that it is a most
important matter to you all, and I am sure it is one that has
not received its share of consideration on your part. These
are not experiments; they are points that are in use by suc¬
cessful clayworkers, and I hope I have been able to arouse
your interest in this great department of your work.

REPAIRING KILN WALLS.

It is remarkable how few burners realize the importance
of keeping- their kiln walls perfectly sound, in order to get
all the advantage they can out of the chimney draught,
which is seldom so strong that any waste of drawing power
can be allowed, says the British Claymaker.

Indeed, when the walls or flues are allowed to become
leaky, it is almost certain that the best conditions of firing
the kiln can never be attained, because the proportions of
air and gases drawn through different parts of the flues
and chimney will be quite different to those intended by
the designer of the plant.

N/ot only so, but the output of the kiln will be diminished
and a further loss ensue from this cause, and the quality
of the goods produced will also be adversely affected.

We showed last year (vol. xiv., p. 213) how serious may
be the loss of fuel when the walls or flues of a kiln are in
an unsound condition, and that the loss from this source
alone would more than pay for the slight additional cost
of a frequent inspection of the kiln. We now notice that
the Topferzeitung has been going into the methods of re¬
pairing kilns very carefully, with excellent results, some
of which we here present to our readers.

The First Requirement.

The foundation of all satisfactory burning must be found
in the sound construction of the kiln from good materials.
Shoddy or “jelly-built” kilns can never be made into good
ones.

An equally important matter is the precautions which
have been taken in building the kiln to prevent it from
drawing up water from the subsoil, particularly when the
kiln is on the side of a hill, in the neighborhood of natural
springs or near to a river bed.

If the foundations of the kiln are badly built, the amount
of moisture drawn up will be so large in comparison with
any air leakage that my occur through the kiln walls as
to make any work spent on the later of little or no avail
in increasing the draught.

On the other hand, with a good and sound foundation,
the maintenance of a kiln in good repair and in first class
working order is a comparatively simple matter, and
builder, burner and employer are equally saved much anxiety
and trouble.

Whenever a kiln is heated, the expansion undergone by
the walls of necessity produces a certain amount of move¬
ment, which later develops into cracks if precautions are
not taken when the kiln is built allowing for these move¬
ments, so that the cracking can be reduced to a minimum.

The Thickness of the Walls.

Strictly speaking, the thickness of the walls of a kiln
should be proportionate to their length, and any buttresses
which may be added should be in proportion to the width
of the kiln chambers, in order that the lateral movement
of the walls may be adequately prevented from doing any
damage.

In repairing the inner walls, a lean fire-clay should be
used, and only sufficient water be added to make it into a
fair paste, as excessive contraction of the “mortar” can

thereby be prevented. Even for the outer walls it is de¬
sirable to use this stiff mortar of lean clay, although some
kiln builders consider a better bond may be obtained with
a mortar of different composition. In any portions of the
kiln which have to stand specially high temperatures, the
use of fire-clay slip for mortar is essential. For lower
temperatures a lean clay of small contracting power may
be used instead, especially if fire-ciay is dear in the neigh¬
bourhood of the works where the kiln is erected.

If lean clay cannot be procured, the clay available must
be made as lean as possible by the addition of ground
burnt clay, or sandstone, or similar material, so as to reduce
its plasticity and contraction to the smallest possible limits.

The Insulating Material.

When kilns are built with double walls, the space be¬
tween which is filled with some insulating material (pre¬
ferably sand), in order to keep in the heat, without at the
same time going to the expense of a solid brick wall, it
is essential that the material between the walls shall be of
an easily movable character, as it will then conform itself
to the movements which are continually taking place in
the kiln walls as they are being heated or cooled.

Clay should not be used for this purpose, as it is not
sufficiently mobile, and the sand which it is preferable to
employ is one in which the finest particles are most abun¬
dant, provided that these do not consist of clay, as is by
no means seldom the case with a very fine sand. On this
account the sand obtained by grinding rock is to be used
in preference to a natural (and therefore less homogeneous)
material.

The absence from the sand of any material which can
be affected by the heat enables it to retain its mobility for
a very long time, and therefore ensures its filling up the
small crevices in the walls of the kiln long before they are
visible to the eye of the burner.

If, on the other hand, clay, or clayey sand, is used be¬
tween the kiln walls, the clay bakes slowly into compact
masses, which tend to harm the kiln rather than benefit
it, and are quite useless for filling up any cracks or leaks
which may occur.

It follows, from what has already been stated, that the
keeping of a kiln in good air-tight condition depends very
largely on the original construction and materials used;
but as leaks will appear at times, even in the best of kilns,
it is necessary to consider how they may be repaired satis¬
factorily.

As soon as a chamber has been emptied, a man should
be sent to carefully examine its walls and roof, and to repair
any cracks he may find. The outside of the kiln can be
repaired when the chambers are in use.

The best repairing material for small cracks is a stiff
mortar of fire-clay and water, though, as already stated,
any sufficiently lean clay, will do for all but the hottest parts
of the kiln.

As long as the sand used for a “filling” between the walls
is movable, it may be relied upon to fill up the cracks
sufficiently to only need a little mortar on the surface in order

CLKY RECORD. 27

to keep in the sand, but as larged cracks will allow the sand
to run through them, it is desirable that the inspection of
the chambers should be as frequent as possible.

If the sand has sunk together into a solid mass, it will
be necessary to add more in order that the sqaces between
the walls may have a sufficiency of filling material to keep
all the cracks from leaking.

When a crack is so large that an application of the fire¬
clay mortar cannot fill it it is best to cut out sufficient of the
material to be able to insert one or more new bricks, though
for cracks of half an inch or so in width the use of the mor¬
tar (if it be sufficiently stiff) will afford ample protection,
particularly with the help of the sand between the walls.

A Useless Method.

A common, yet far from satisfactory method consists in
painting over the walls of the kiln with a mixture of clay
and soda or ashes once or twice each year. The idea of
this is that the material will vitrify, and so fill up any small
cracks in the kiln walls. Unfortunately, experience shows
that this hoped-for effect is seldom realized, as the cracks
are hidden rather than closed, and the airtightness of the
walls is not increased.

Such a method of treatment is entirely unnecessary with
a kiln well built on modern lines, and with a suitable in¬
sulating material between the walls, though it may be ne¬
cessary to apply a complete facing of mortar to an old, sin¬
gle-wall kiln badly in need of repair.

The rules for repairing kiln walls readily classify them-
seves under two heads, namely (a) build your kiln well in
the first place, and ( b ) fill up small cracks as soon as possi¬
ble after they have appeared.

If these directions are faithfully carried out, and a regular
and thorough inspection of the kiln is made by means of
draught gauge tests at frequent intervals along the kiln’s
length, there will be little or no loss sustained from defective
working of the kiln through leaky walls.

SCHOOL TO TEACH POTTERY.

Madison, Wis. — A summer school of pottery has been
started here in Madison, Wis., called the Badger Summer
School of Pottery. The school is conducted in the studio of
a local potter. The course opened July 8. In addition to
all kinds of clay manipulation, the construction and appli¬
cation of glazes is taught and the students do all the work
of preparing the ingredients and firing the kiln — thus ob¬
taining a practical knowledge of all the processes involved.
Hitherto pottery schools have been as careful to conceal the
technical methods from the student as the factory is to keep
the secrets of the trade from the workmen. Miss Mills,
who -conducts the school, has made a special study of the
technique of pottery under Prof. Binns of the School of
Pottery at Alfred, N. Y., who is one of the most eminent
authorities in the United States. Prof. Binns is a writer of
note and before coming to America was superintendent of
the Royal Worcester works in England. The school is
equipped with a wheel and glaze mill, driven bv an electric
motor; a hand jigger and a kiln. The kiln is one practical
for school purposes and private studios. The school is con¬
veniently located in the beautiful Neils home overlooking
Lake Monona.

CYLINDER IN PLANT OF SANDSTONE BRICK
COMPANY BLOWS UP AND WRECKS
BUILDING.

With a roar which was heard for miles, a hissing of
steam and a cloud of pulverized brick, one of the four
twenty-ton steel cylinders at the plant of the Schenectady
(N. Y.), Sandstone Brick Company, a short distance be¬
yond the city line near Campbell avenue, was blown through
the building, a distance of nearly three hundred feet, killing
one man in its progress down the tracks of the Delaware &
Hudson Railroad. Two other men were blown to atoms at
the rear of the plant, being hit by the kettle head, pieces of
their bodies being picked up in various places within a
radius of two hundred feet.'

The dead are: Foreman Servey, a Frenchman, of the
cylinder gang, aged about twenty years.

C. Whel, one of the kettle gang, a Norwegian, about
twenty-four years of age.

Tack Curran, a trestleman, employed by McMullen &
Woods, construction work, aged about thirty-five years.

The accident occured about 8 145 in the morning.

The Schenectady Sandstone Brick Company, with a ca¬
pacity of about 24,000 brick a day, is located opposite the
Weber Porcelain Works, along the tracks of the Delaware
& Hudson Company, a stone’s throw south of Campbell ave¬
nue. The plant consists of the mixing beds, presses, boilers
and steaming cylinders, housed in a large wooden structure.
The cylinders are in the easterly end of the structure, four
in number and each about forty feet in length.

At the rear of the plant are the sand banks, with a nar¬
row-gauge track about a hundred feet distant. Beyond the
track is a long pile of cordwood. Directly at the rear of
the easterly end of the plant is the big water tank, towering
fifty feet above the ground, on top of which was mounted
a huge windmill. The structure was of structural iron with
the exception of the tank, with a capacity of about 12,000
gallons of water, which was of heavy planking.

The tracks of the Delaware & Hudson run along the east¬
erly side, a switch and side track being nearest the building.
In front, on a short wooden trestle, stood a coal car par¬
tially unloaded. A gang of trestle men were at work on
the trestle making repairs. Across the tracks is the large
porcelain plant.

It is the supposition of those acquainted with ahe usual
method of brick making, including employes of the plant
who were interviewed, that the Frenchman, Servey, be¬
lieving that the pressure had been let off, started to remove
the big nuts holding fast the cylinder head. These nuts, if
loosened, would have caused an explosion such as occurred.

■ -»«■♦ -

FINDLAY MAN PROMOTED.

R. E. Kelly, formerly manager of the Findlay (Ohio)
Hydraulic-Press Brick company, has accepted the position
of sales agent for Warren B. Ferris, dealer in brick and
building materials, who has an office in the Columbus Sav¬
ings and Trust building, Columbus, O. Mr. Kelly has
taken up his new duties, while Mr. Ferris, who is president
of the Devonshire Brick company, which has a large plant
at Roseville, will devote his attention to managing the plant
and in the buying department.

CLKY RECORD.

SAND-LIME BRICK.*

By E. W. Smyth e, Madison, Wis.

There seems to be a general impression that sand-lime
brick is a new and untried building material ; scarcely out of
the experimental stage. Although sand-lime brick cannot
boast of a pedigree traced to the time of the Pharaohs or the
Tower of Babel, still it has been in use long enough to estab¬
lish without doubt its quality as a first-class building ma¬
terial.

Sand-lime brick were first made in Potsdam, Germany,
about 1820. Potsdam, situated in central Germany, is sur¬
rounded by a broad sandy plain ; there being no clay or stone
available for building purposes', sand and lime were made
into mortar, molded into bricks and allowed to cure from
three to four months in the open air. These brick withstood
all the required tests and increased in hardness with age.
The attention of Dr. Michaelis, of Berlin, in 1880 was at¬
tracted to this peculiar kind of brick, and after experimenta¬
tion he discovered, that by subjecting the green brick to
steam under pressure the brick after a few hours were ren¬
dered as hard as though they had been exposed to the atmos¬
phere for many months. After the discovery made by Mr.
Michaelis, the manufacture of sand-lime brick increased rap¬
idly throughout Germany and many large plants for their
production were erected.

In our own country the oldest sand-lime brick of which
we have any record are those in the walls of a house in Mo¬
bile, Ala., built 50 years ago. As to whether these brick were
made in this country or elsewhere is not known, but at any
rate they are in good condition and appear to have been
made in a manner similar to those first made in Germany.

But not until 1901 were sand-lime brick manufactured in
any considerable quantity in the United States ; during this
year two plants were in operation. In 1903 there were 16
plants; in 1904, 57, and in 1905, 130. At present there are
probably about 200 plants. Among these plants there is a
great diversity in the manner of handling and combining
their materials. These differences occur from local condi¬
tions and the way in which they hydrate the lime and the
manner of incorporating the lime with the sand.

In a general way, I shall now describe the process of
manufacturing sand-lime brick a= carried on by the plant in
this city, and then refer briefly to some of the methods used
by other manufacturers.

The sand as it is brought in dump cars from the bank
is shoveled into an elevator boot from which it is elevated
. about 35 ft., and discharged upon a vibrating screen. Here
it is run through a y±-in. mesh screen and falls into a con¬
veyor over the numerous coils of a steam drier. The sand
must be perfectly dry. There can be no half-way place in
regard to the dryness of the sand, for you cannot mix sand
and lime intimately unless both are thoroughly dry. The
wet sand as it rests upon the pipes dries and runs down into
a hopper-shaped bin in the bottom of which is a conveyor for
drawing the sand out as it is needed.

:A paper read at the 7th annual meeting of the Wisconsin
Clay Workers’ Association.

The lime is slacked in water-tight steel boxes mounted on
wheels. Each of these has a capacity of about 450 lb. of dry
slacked lime, a quantity sufficient for one thousand brick.
The quicklime is weighed out, placed in the boxes and the
proper quantity of water added to it. To determine the cor¬
rect amount of water to apply to the lime in order that a dry
slack may be secured, is not always easy, as the lime when
received at the factory* is nearly always more or less air-
slacked, and also there is considerable variation in the qual¬
ity of lime even when the limestone comes from the same
ledge. After applying the water the lime cars are run under
the brick cars in the same cylinder in which the bricks are
hardened, and the slacking is thus completed, and the sur¬
plus of moisture (if not too great) dried out. The dry
slacked lime is now dumped from the cars upon a “grizzly”
which takes out all the large cores. Passing through the
“grizzly,” the lime descends into a hopper and is conveyed to
an elevator which discharges it into a bolting machine where
all the small cores are extracted. Leaving the bolting ma¬
chine the lime falls into a bin directly opposite the bin con¬
taining the dry sand.

Between the lime and sand bins is a measuring device, and
the dry sand and lime are brought to it by conveyors placed
in the bottoms of their respective bins. The right pro¬
portions being measured out, the mixture is allowed to fall
into a perliminary mixer where for two or three minutes the
sand and lime receive their first mixing. Passing on from
this mixer the sand and lime are fed by a conveyor into a
tubemill where they are thoroughly ground and mixed and
each grain of sand is completely coated with minute lime
particles. Leaving the tubemill the mix is at once elevated
to a pugmill where just sufficient water is added to cause it
to cling together when compressed tightly in the hand. The
pugmill discharges the dampened material into a 4-mold
press. The green brick are loaded upon cars, 1,000 to a car,
and run into a large steel cylinder 50 ft. long by 6 ft. in
diameter. After filling the cylinder (which holds a day’s
run) live steam is turned into it. About 2 hours are re¬
quired to bring the steam pressure up to 120 lb. per sq. in.,
which pressure is maintained for 8 hours. After steaming,
the brick are ready for market. Twenty- four hours have
elapsed since the sand left the bank until it leaves the cylin¬
der a finished brick ready to lay in the wall. In several in¬
stances we have afforded masons the unusual pleasure of
iaying hot brick on a cold morning.

In the process of manufacture just described the lime was
slacked before incorporation with the sand, but in some
processes the quicklime is ground, then mixed with the sand
and passed through a tube or ballmill. After grinding, the
proper amount of water is added, and the mixture is con¬
veyed to a silo where it is permitted to slack and cure for
24 to 48 hours. It is then withdrawn and made into brick.
Others grind but a part of their sand and lime and some do
no grinding whatever. There are some factories which use
the damp sand directly as it comes from the bank ; to this
damp sand damp slacked lime is added. The two are run
through a short pugmill, then to the press and made into

CLHY RECORD.

brick. The process is beautiful for its simplicity, but the
product is not a credit to the sand-lime industry.

The materials entering into the manufacture of sand-lime
brick are as common as that entering into the production of
clay brick, but as all clays are not suitable for making good
clay brick so all sands are not suitable for making good sand-
lime brick. The sand must be clean and contain a high per
cent of silica. Of all the impurities in sand, clay, iron oxide
and feldspar are the most common. The two latter may be
left out of consideration, as they seldom appear save in small
quantities. Clay, however, is nearly always found in sand
and many times in considerable quantities. To determine
what effect the presence of clay has upon the strength of
sand-lime brick, S. V. Peppel; a meber of the Ohio Geo¬
logical Survey, made some valuable experiments. He made
up numerous samples of brick, varying in each the percent¬
age of clav. Upon testing these brick he found that up to
three per cent addition of clay very little change took place
in the strength of the brick, but for amounts over this there
was a decided decrease both in crushing and tensile strength.
It was also interesting to note that small amounts of clay de¬
creased slightly the water absorption of the brick, acting to
some extent as a waterproofing agent.

For the manufacture of sand-lime brick a high calcium
lime is by all means the best. Magnesian limes while they
give just as strong a brick as do the high-calcium limes yet
they are too slow in slacking and one runs considerable risk
in using them, since if the lime is not thoroughly slacked be¬
fore the brick go into the hardening cylinder slacking will
continue, and the lime expanding will crack and ruin the
brick. The best practice demands eight per cent by weight
of slacked lime. A less amount of lime than this does not give
a brick first-class in strength ; and a larger per cent of lime
than this, while it adds slightly to the crushing strength of
the brick, it also adds to the water absorption, and incident¬
ally to the cost.

To secure the best results the lime must be thoroughly
mixed and ground up with the sand. For this mixing and
grinding there are various machines upon the market which
can be used. Among them are the tubemill, ballmill and
gyratory mill. The last two mills mentioned have one ad¬
vantage over the former, that is of being able to handle the
material when it is slightly damp, whereas in the tubemill
a trace of moisture in the material causes the lime to stick
and form a coat over the sides of the silex lining, in which
case little or no grinding is done by the mill. However,
the material being dry, of these three classes of mills I be¬
lieve the tubemill to be the best, as it not only gives a very
finely ground product but also gives a more thorough mix
than the other two mills. Another point in its favor is that
the cost of repairs on a tubemill is considerably less than
that required by the ball or gyratory mill.

In the manufacture of sand-lime brick the machinery is
subject to much greater wear and strain than that used in
the production of clay brick, and the maximum of this wear
centers in the grinding mill and the press. The press must
be massive and built to withstand excessive strains, because
a slight variation in the amount of water added to the mix
makes a very great difference in its compressibility — there¬

fore the press must have a large surplus of strength in order
to withstand this extra stress which will most likely be
brought upon it. Within the press the greatest wear is on
the mold box and mold liners. A set of the best liners will
turn out about 100,000 perfect brick. Beyond this num¬
ber they become considerably worn and the edges of the
brick are feathered and rough so that they are suitable only
for common brick.

In steaming the brick two methods can be followed to
secure the same result: either a high steam-pressure for a
few hours or a low steam-pressure for a comparatively
longer period. In either case the brick will attain the same
degree of hardness. Most manufacturers are, however,
agreed that 8 hours at a pressure of 120 lb. per sq. in. (2
hours being required to bring the cylinder up to this pres¬
sure) is the best and most economical practice. The steam
must not be turned in too fast, as the surfaces of the brick
will become highly heated while the interiors remain cold ;
the unequal expansion thus produced causes the brick to
check.

Through the overzealous efforts of machinery jobbers,
who think only of disposing of their machinery, an erroneous
impression has been spread abroad that sand-lime brick can
be manufactured to an extremely low cost. The cost of
manufacturing sand-lime brick depends upon the same vari¬
able quantities as does the manufacture of clay brick or any
other product. Labor and fuel are the main items in the
manufacture of brick and to produce brick cheaply a dollar’s
worth of labor must be got for every dollar paid for labor,
and for every pound of fuel the greatest possible number of
heat units must be utilized. It is the stopping of the little
leaks that make the profits in manufacturing.

All things considered I believe that an economically ope¬
rated sand-lime-brick plant and an economically operated
clay-brick plant, both making a first-class product, will, pro¬
viding the cost of labor and fuel is the same, produce these
brick at about the same cost.

In closing I wish to quote two statements made by men
who in their respective countries are well acquainted with
building materials. Fritz Pohlmann, architect of the Bu¬
reau of Public Works of Germany says: “The satisfactory
experiments made with sand-lime brick have induced the ad¬
ministration of the state and cities to abandon their atti¬
tude which was for a long time unfavorable, and to use this
material in numerous public structures.” The German gov¬
ernment will use only building materials which have been
subjected to thorough tests, extending over a period of 10
years.

In a report issued by your Department of the Interior,
Mr. Middleton who compiled the report makes this state¬
ment in reference to sand-lime brick: “That this method of
manufacture of building material is a success, and will be
a permanent factor in the building industry, is hardly to be
doubted. It is also equally certain that it will never dis¬
place the time-honored burned clay brick.”

- *-*-♦ -

The Henry Martin Brick Machine Manufacturing Com¬
pany of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, are shipping one of their
Animal Power outfits to Champerico, Guatemala.

CL HY RECORD.

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER.

These new inventions are those that are especially of
interest to anyone engaged in tne line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

850,427. Device for Making Ornamental Brick. Alex
H. Grant, Middleport, and Milton N. Grant, Columbus,
Ohio, assignors to The Columbus Clay Products Company,
Columbus, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio. Filed Jan. 21,
1907. Serial No. 353,231.

Claim — In a device of the character described, the com¬
bination with a machine having a die through which a mass
of clay is discharged, of a wire arranged at the mouth of
said die and adapted to engage and roughen the outer face
of the mass of clay which passes through said die, and pos¬
itive means for imparting vibration to said wire.

850,513. Tile-Machine. William H. Beery, Celina,
Ohio. Filed Aug. n* 1906. Serial No. 330,267.

Claim — A tile-machine including a vertically-movable
core and an adjustable core-guide.

A tile-machine comprising a frame having sills, rollers
journaled in said sills, a pair of uprights connected with
said sills and having a cross-head, an adjustable co re¬

guide connected with said cross-head, a core movably
mounted upon said core-guide and having a U-shaped sus¬
pension-rod extending through said cross-head, a plunger
surrounding said core and having a U-shaped suspension-
rod disposed at a right angle to the suspension-rod of the
core, bracket-arms connected with said cross-head and serv¬
ing as guides for the suspension-rod of the plunger, said
bracket-arms being adapted to receive different sizes of

suspension-rods, means for raising and lowering said core
and plunger, a carriage mounted upon the rollers of said
sills, a pallet mounted upon said carriage, a jacket mounted
upon said pallet and having removable hinge-rods, and
hooks connected with said sills and engaging said hinge-
rods for locking said jacket in position.

850,428. Device for Making Ornamental Brick. Alex
H. Grant, Middleport, and Milton N. Grant, Columbus,
Ohio, assignors to The Columbus Clay Products Company,
Columbus, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio. Filed Jan. 21,
1907. Serial No. 353,232.

Claim — In a device of the character described, the com¬
bination with a machine adapted to discharge a continuous
mass of clay therefrom, of a plate pivoted above said mass
of clay, and the free edge of which engages the face of said
clay, and means for imparting rapid vibratory movement to
said plate.

In a device of the character described, the combination
with a conveyor adapted to support a moving mass of clay,
of a frame, a plate pivoted at one* edge in said frame and
above said mass of clay, the free edge of said plate engag¬
ing the upper surface of the mass of clay, spring means for
holding the free edge of said plate into engagement with
the mass of clay, and a rotative member adapted to impart
a rapid vibratory movement to said plate.

851,558. Machine for Forming Plastic Articles. Will¬
iam Polk, East Liverpool, Ohio. Filed Mar. 24, 1906.
Serial No. 307,884.

Claim — In apparatus for shaping or forming plastic ar¬
ticles, the combination of a suitable frame, a support for
the article, mechanism for rotating said support, a shaft,
an eccentric on said shaft, a rod, a shaper on said rod, con¬
nections between said eccentric and said rod, means for
checking the downward movement of said rod before said
eccentric completes its stroke, and means for taking up the
movement of the eccentric during this period.

In apparatus for shaping or forming plastic articles, the
combination of a suitable frame, a vertical shaft, means for
driving said shaft, a table loosely mounted on said shaft, a
series of spindles on said table, a friction wheel on said
shaft, friction wheels on said spindles engaged by said first
wheel, supports for the articles carried by said spindles, a
reciprocating shaper above said table, and means for im¬
parting an intermittent movement to said table.

GLHY

852,404. Brick-Kiln. Edward Weiss, Denver, Colo.
Filed Feb. 5, 1906. Serial No. 299,465.

Claim — The combination of a brick kiln having a fire¬
place, an underground flue below the fireplace and com¬
municating therewith by a valve controlled port, a damper
located in the flue between the port and the bottom of the
kiln which is perforated to communicate with an extension
of the flue on the side of the damper opposite the port, and
another kiln communicating with the first named kiln by
wav of the flue and port.

In a brick kiln construction, the combination of a num¬
ber of kilns, a series of underground conduits, the kilns be¬
ing provided with perforated bottoms communicating with
the said conduits, vertical dampers journaled in the con¬
duits, and ports formed in the bottom of the kilns, the lat¬
ter being provided with fireplaces communicating with the
said conduits through the said ports, and horizontally dis¬
posed dampers for controlling the said ports located be¬
tween the flues and the fire places of the kilns.

852,095. Tile-Machine. Charles L. Baldwin, Water¬
loo, Iowa. Filed Feb. 5, 1907. Serial No. 355,835.

Claim — In a tile-machine, in combination, an outer form¬
er-casing adapted for simultaneous rotatory and progress¬
ive longitudinal movement, and a mold casing contained
therein.

In a tile-machine, in combination, an outer rotatable cas¬
ing, means for imparting longitudinal movement to said
casing in either direction along the line of its axis, a re¬
movable inner casing therein and spaced apart therefrom,
a removable base-plate for said casings, and means for
moving said inner casing in and out of said outer casing
independently of the movement of the latter.

852,160. Dry-Pan Crusher. Jacob W. Boltz, Topeka,
Kan. Filed Nov. 28, 1906. Serial No. 345,483.

Claim — The combination of a frame, a vertical central
shaft, a circular pan secured to the shaft and having an
outer grated portion, a wearing-board, and a conical hub,
mullers mounted loosely on the wearing-board to crush the
clay, and plows to force the clay onto the wearing-board
and under the mullers; with projections from the conical
hub; and a toothed implement resting on the grated por¬
tion and diagonally disposed so as to push the larger lumps
toward the wearing-board.

The combination with a frame, a vertical central shaft,
a circular pan secured to the shaft and having an outer
grated portion, a wearing-board, and a hub, mullers loosely
mounted on the wearing-board to crush the clay, and plows
to force the clay onto the wearing-board and under the
mullers ; of projections on the hub between the mullers and
the shaft.

CONTINUOUS KILN FOR BURNING SEWER

PIPES.

There are two kinds of kilns which could be used for
burning sewer pipe successfully, the chamber continuous
kiln with down-draft principle, and the continuous kiln
fired with gas, including this condition, that all chambers
can be separated from the continuous principle without in¬
terference as to the balance of the kiln. The saving on
strength and stiffness, as in wood that is heated or steamed
fuel is about fifty per cent, against periodical kilns. In
the continuous kilns with down-draft principle we have
either the firing from top or the gratebar system. Both
systems are used by the great sewer pipe factories. In
these kilns the chambers are so arranged that each can be
taken out of the continuous arrangement after salting. For
a good salt glaze one of the first principles is the right
mixture of clays ; second, the temperature at which it should
be burned. Care should be taken that the bottom arrange¬
ment is such that there is not much difference between top
and bottom. Another point which should be taken care
of, is that it is useless to try to salt glaze sewer pipe when
the body is not fully vitrified, as the results with a porous
body are not good.

♦ » » -

Messrs. H. C. Carrol and Sons, Philadelphia, Pa., have
received from the Henry Martin Brick Machine Manufac¬
turing Company, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, two of the mod¬
ern “Martin” machines with combination Horizontal Pug
Mill. This will be used in combination with their new
equipment.

32 CL-HY

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company,

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor.

SUBSCRIPTIONS.

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States, Canada or Mexico
and one dollar fifty cents for all other foreign countries.

papers are not stopped at the end of subscriptions unless the sub¬
scribers order them so and pay up the arrearages.

ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POST OFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTBRo
■■ "■* . ' ■ - - - -

Vol. XXX. JUNE 29, 1907. No. 12

“I like to read American advertisements. They are fn
themselves literature, and 1 can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.”— William E. Gladstone.

Some men are willing to do anything — except work.

Few men would borrow trouble if they had to give se¬
curity.

Listen to the man who says things, but believe in the
man who does things.

Laugh and the world may laugh with you, but it would
much rather “smile” at your expense.

Fortunately but few men say what they mean — other¬
wise blacked eyes would be more common.

Some men stand just inside of the door ready to grasp
opportunity by the back of the neck when it knocks.

The Clay Record is the only semi-monthly clay journal
in America that is printed twice a month. You can receive
it a year for the sum of one dollar. Don’t delay sending for
it. Delays are dangerous. If the value is not in it for you
at the end of the year we will willingly refund your money.
Subscribe now !

A GIGANTIC POTTERY COMBINE IS EFFECTED

It has just leaked out from an entirely authentic source
that an enormous industrial deal which will mean the con¬
solidation of potteries at Roseville, Crooksville, White Cot¬
tage, Logan and Buckeye Cottage, Ohio, is under way with
bright prospects of being consummated within the next sev¬
eral weeks.

The project of effecting a combination of all the potteries
of this district which manufacture utensil ware is said to
have been discussed by the owners of the different institu¬
tions for the past several months with the result that a meet¬
ing was finally held at the Rogge hotel in Zanesville. At
this meeting everyone seemed favorable to the project and
a committee was appointed to take up the preliminary work
in relation to securing appraisers and having the different
factories appraised at a reasonable value. If the appraise¬
ments are satisfactory all round there is little doubt but that
the combination will be effected.

The object of combining the different plants is of course
to work a saving in buying raw material, in disposing of the
product of the different plants through salesmen as well as
other ways.

Mr. F. M. Ransbottom of the Roseville Pottery Co.,
which plant is named as one of those in the combine, was
interviewed over the ’phone. Mr. Ransbottom had just ar¬
rived at his home in Roseville after a business trip to Akron,
and declined to discuss the matter, although he did not deny
that the project was on foot.

Other pottery owners, however, discussed the project
freely and admitted that the consolidation would speedily
be effected.

ROADS FAVOR CHICAGO MAKERS, IS CHARGE

A delegation of Milwaukee brick manufacturers went to
Madison to enter a complaint with the state railroad com¬
mission regarding discriminations in freight rates in favor
of Chicago brickmakers. It is alleged that the Mlwaukee
manufacturer is charged 5 cents for 100 pounds from this
city to Wales, a distance of twenty-seven miles, while the
Chicago manufacturer pays only 5 cents from Chicago to
Depere, Wis., a distance of seventy-six miles.

Moreover, it costs the Chicago manufacturer only $1 a
thousand to deliver brick on cars from Chicago to Milwau¬
kee building sites, while it costs Milwaukee makers as high
as $1.50 a thousand for team delivery.

In addition to this, it is pointed out that it takes only
three days to burn Chicago brick, because of the peculiar
quality of the clay used, while it takes Milwaukee makers
about two weeks. Fuel and labor, too, have advanced in a
manner to painfully ruffle the brickmaker’s temper.

- 4~*~* -

FIRE BRICK WORKERS STRIKE

Two hundred men employed at the Portsmouth, O., fire
brick plant of the Harbison- Walker Company, struck be¬
cause of the refusal of the company to readjust the wage
scale. The men claim they have been receiving from 15 to
25 cents less per day than other brick workers in this local¬
ity. The plant involved is the largest in the Portsmouth
district.

CLHY RECORD,

OBITUARY

Cornelius Nist, a retired brick manuafcturer of Louis¬
ville, Ky., died from a complication of diseases the seventh
of June.

Samuel Palmer, the manager of the works of the Durango
(Colo.) Pressed Brick Co., died from the results of falling
onto one of the machines and terribly mangling both his
legs and arms. He was 65 years of age, and leaves a wife
and children.

Jacob Kline, the well known brick manufacturer, died at
his home in Port Ewep, N. Y., aged 75 years. He leaves
five children, two daughters and three sons. John D. is en¬
gaged in brickmaking at Port Ewen.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES

J. H. Snyder was injured at the plant of the Iola (Kansas)
Brick Co. while working about the machinery.

The Colored Laboring Men’s Brick Association, Houston,
Texas, is to be dissolved, and the assets distributed.

J. W. Dudley, who works for the Atlas Press Brick
Works at Ferris, Texas, was caught in the machinery and
very badly injured.

Merrill Mann got his leg caught in the gearing of a cut¬
ting table at the Franklin Brick Co.’s plant at Taylors, Ohio,
and was very badly injured.

George Duncombe, proprietor of the Meversdale (Pa.)
Brick Works, was severely injured while adjusting a belt
when the engine was started.

Elihu Saffle, an employe of the Thornton (W. Ya.) Fire
Brick Co., was killed on the famous curve bridge, while on
his way to visit his grandmother.

Frank P. Fay has sued James Green, president of the
Laclede Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo., for $50,000 claiming
same for making the sale of the plant.

John Pangburn, a carpenter employed by the Cary Brick
Co., at Newton Hook, N. Y., fell from a scaffold and re¬
ceived a broken leg and other bodily injuries.

The estate of Joseph Streicher has entered suit against the
Davenport (la.) Brick & Tile Co., claiming $10,000 dam¬
ages for his death while at work for the company.

Mrs. Caroline Bowen has filed suit against the Newport
(Ky.) Pressed Brick & Stone Co., to recover $5,000 as dam¬
ages done to her property which is located at the foot of the
hill and below, the defendant’s property, claiming the nat¬
ural drainage injures her property.

Judgment has been entered by default against the Kings-
land (N. J.) Brick Co., a New York corporation, for
$81,792. Warren Ross is president; C. Edward Ross, vice
president, and Z. Tannenbaum, treasurer. The judgment
was in favor of Rachel Tannenbaum.

TOLEDO CONCERN SURRENDERS CHARTER

TO STATE-

The Toledo (Ohio) Brick Supply company ceased to
exist when an official certificate surrendering the charter
was filed with the secretary of state. A month or so ago
the company quit business, but was unable to be legally dis¬
solved until the state had been given 30 days’ notice. All
obligations have been settled and the affairs of the company
wound up. The concern had been in existence ten years.

FIRE! FIRE! FIRE!

The plant of the Granite Brick Co. at Hastie, la., was
totally destroyed by fire. Plant fully covered by insurance.
The company’s Des Moines office is at 9th & Vine Sts.

One of the sheds of the Stutton & Harrisburg (Pa.) Brick
Co. took fire and was burned.

Fire destroyed the plant of the Memphis (Tenn.) Stone¬
ware Co. in South Memphis. Loss, $50,000. Very little
insurance was carried.

The large steam pottery belonging to John Donalson,
known as the Stevens Pottery at Winnsboro, Texas, was
burned. Loss is complete. Very little insurance was car¬
ried.

4»»

WISCONSIN BRICKMAKERS WIN IN LONG

FIGHT.

Reduction of from 10 to 25 per cent in freight rates on
shipments of brick between points in Wisconsin and an ad¬
vance of one-half cent per hundred pounds between Chi¬
cago and Milwaukee and Racine and of one cent from Chi¬
cago to other points in this state have been granted by rail¬
roads in response to demands of the Wisconsin Clay Work¬
ers Association and the new schedule means much to the
association members and to the Wisconsin brick industry.
George W. Kennedy manager of the Manitowoc Clay Prod¬
uct Co., was chairman of the committee which submitted
the association’s demands and secured the equalization of
rates.

Final settlement of the controversy between the railroads
and Clay workers was reached at Madison when the com¬
mittee of which Mr. Kennedy is head, agreed to accept the
new chedule offered by the roads. For more than a year the
brick manufacturers of Wisconsin have been urging the
railroads to reduce rates in this state on brick so that they
could compete with Chicago manufacturers in Wisconsin
territory, but the roads steadily refused to do so until the
manufacturer appealed to the state railroad commission for
an order to compel a reduction in rates. A previous com¬
promise offer was rejected by the committee which finally
took the case to the railway commission on a cmplaint and
it was to have been heard, but a conference was held and
the new schedule agreed to.

^ m ^ .i —

IDEAL CONCRETE MACHINERY COMPANY
PUBLISHES “IDEALITE.”

The manufacturers of the Ideal Concrete Hollow Block
machines, which are made at South Bend, Ind., by the Ideal
Concrete Machinery Company, have such a demand for their
goods that they now publish monthly a bulletin called
“Idealite” and distribute it free of cost among its customers.

They took this action because of the policy to keep in
touch with their customers, and in this manner advise them
of everything new that they produce, so as to keep their ma¬
chines and their customers in the lead they have gained.

The latest move is that the company has purchased the
patents, stock and good-will of a well known cenment ma¬
chinery company at Jackson, Mich., and will hereafter sell
and manufacture their sills, steps, sidewalk and post molds.
This company has something beside machinery in their
factorv and that is brains.

CLPCY RECORD.

NOTED MONUMENT HILL MAY SOON BECON-
VERTED INTO BUILDING BRICK.

Monument Hill in Allegheny, Pa., if the present plans go
through, is to be converted into brick. The unsightly pile
of clay that has stood since prehistoric races roamed over
the North Side will soon be a thing of the past, if a plan
formulated by Mayor Charles Kirschler is carried into
effect.

For a decade Monument Hill has been an eyesore. Vari¬
ous ways of improving the huge pile of clay to make it
compare with the surroundings have been considered, but
nothing was ever done.

Except to view the soldier’s monument on the mount, it
is scarcely ever visited with the exception of “dead heads”
who climb its precipitous sides to witness a ball game at the
park below. In fact, Monument Hill has done no good serv¬
ice since it was a lookout camp by the Red men.

For some time several brick manufacturing concerns
have expressed a desire to convert the clay of the hill into
an article of commerce. This plan is the. one in high favor
with Mayor Kirschler and some prominent members of
Councils.

Mayor Kirschler thinks that the city can derive enough
revenue from the brick companies, who are anxious to re¬
duce the hill to a level with the abutting street, to make the
necessary improvements required in the other parks and
also for an extension of West Park. He said:

COGENT ARGUMENTS MADE.

The removal of Monument Hill has been in my mind for
the past three years. As that land stands now it is of no
benefit whatever to the city as a breathing spot and it is al¬
most impossible of access to young children and invalids.

The proposition was made to the city some years ago to
have the hill torn away by a corporation in the brick busi¬
ness. It was turned down by the city, although there was
r.o vigorous opposition to the plan. If brick kilns were es¬
tablished for the purpose, it would no doubt take at least
several years for the hill to disappear, but the city would
at the same time be acquiring more park property. In addi¬
tion, I am satisfied that a large amount of revenue could be
derived. .

SHIP BRICKS TO CUBA.

The British steamship Caribee, sailing from New York
for Havana, carried away a cargo of brick. This is an un¬
usual freight for a steamship to handle, and even in the
memory of Bill Quigley, the Battery boatman, who is an
authority on the subject, such a thing has not occurred
before.

“I wonder what they are going to do with all those brick
in Cuba,” mused Bill, meditating on the circumstance.
“Perhaps they will build another Morro Castle or, better
yet, use them as weapons in the next revolution.”

Usually it is the prosaic and blunt lined schooner that
conveys such building material. Wonderment and many
conjectures were expressed by the watermen at Erie Basin,
where the Caribee loaded. One day a revenue cutter ap¬
peared in the offing and the air in the neighborhood was
thereupon fraught with suspicion. “Perhaps,” ventured one
man, “she is a filibuster.”

MR. ROBERT E. EMANUEL, OF MALLORY,
MEETS DEATH UNDER CAR WHEELS.

Latta, S. C., June 24. — The tragic and untimely death un¬
der the car wheels of Mr. Robert C. Emanuel, a popular
young business man of Mallory, and proprietor of the Mal¬
lory Brick Manufacturing Company, occurred here this
morning. Mr. Emanuel came this morning to Latta on the
train. Just after stepping off the car the train backed to¬
wards the depot. Mr. Emanuel walked on ahead, and when
the brakeman called out to him to look out, to get out of the
way, the young man deliberately stepped in front of the
moving train and the first truck passed over hini without
touching the body. Fie then moved himself across the rail
and was torn and mangled horribly.

Mr. Emanuel was twenty-five years of age and was mar¬
ried about a year ago to Miss Willie Thompson, of Row¬
land, N. C. She, with his mother and sister, Mrs. R. C.
George, of Seller’s, survives him. His body was taken to
Mallory and laid beside that of his father, in the Browns¬
ville cemetery.

USE OF PEAT IN BRICKMAKING.

In Germany they are mixing coal and peat, making a com¬
pressed mixture, which has been used as fuel in a brick
yard, with a result so favorable that it will no doubt open a
new field for the use of peat fuel in brick manufacture. In
the neighborhood of Jevers, Oldenburg, an excellent heavy
blue clay is found, which was considered suitable for the
manufacture of hard clay bricks. All efforts to manufac¬
ture such bricks from this clay proved unsuccessful until a
mixture of one part of peat and ten parts of coal was tried
as fuel. The result was a hard, brown brick, instead of the
light red brick which was produced formerly. The experi¬
ments were repeated until at last a first-class brick was pro¬
duced.

W. J. PARRISH BUYS POWHATAN.

W. J. Parrish, of the Fulton Brick Company, Richmond,
Va., has purchased the famous Powhatan home, which is
just below the Cedar Works. The property was for years
owned by W. J. Westwood, the Church Hill capitalist. The
price paid for the property is said to have been $21,000.

Tradition says this is the site of the rescue of Captain
John Smith by the Indian princess, Pocahontas, when old
Chief Powhatan was ready to brain him. The stone on
which Smith’s head lay was bought and is now on exhibition
at the Jamestown exposition.

The land is said to contain an exceptionally fine quality
of brick clay. This, it is understood, will be utilized by the
Fulton Brick Company.

HUDSON RIVER BRICKMAKERS’ WAGES IN¬
CREASED.

The wages of the employes on the Coeymans, N. Y., brick
yards were voluntarily increased by all the firms last week
fifteen cents per day. It is said the manufacturers there are
paying the highest wages of any yards along the river, the
men receiving 20 to 40 cents a day more than they do down
the river.

CLRY RECORD

INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION DE¬
CIDES A BRICK IS A BRICK, NO MATTER

HOW USED.

Washington, June 27. — The Interstate Commerce Com¬
mission decided that the classification of commodities must
be based upon a real distinction from a transportation stand¬
point and not be dependent upon the purpose for which the
commodity is to be used after its arrival at its destination.
The classification on the various kinds of. brick from Ohio
to New York City was involved. The carriers imposed dif¬
ferent rates for fire, paving and building brick.

The reasonableness of the different rates was not ques¬
tioned by the shipper, but the diverse classification for the
various kinds of bricks which were not materially different
from one another as far as the service of the carrier was
concerned . The commission held that the uses to which the
brick were to be put was not a sufficient basis for a differ¬
ence in the rates, and that a difference founded upon a dis¬
tinction that has no transportation significance was wrong.

4»»

CLAYS OF THE ST. LOUIS DISTRICT, MISSOURI

In the year 1905 St. Louis produced and sold about $5,-
000,000 worth of clay products — approximately one-thirtieth
of the entire output of the United States. A very large
proportion of these are made from fire clays dug in a single
section within the city limits. A brief description of the clay
resources of the St. Louis district, prepared by N. M. Fenne-
man, is included in the United States Geological Survey’s
“Contributions to Economic Geology, 1906” (Bulletin 314),
just published and obtainable on application to the director
of the survey, at Washington, D. C. The paper contains also
references to available beds of shale and brick clay near the
city and a map showing the locations of the fire-clay mines.

- 4~*~4> -

TO MAKE BRICKS IN JAPAN.

Plans are on foot for the organization of a Japanese
enterprise called the Manchuria Joint Stock Brick Man¬
ufacturing Co., with a capital of 1,000.000 yen ($500,000).
The company plant will be located at Choushuiton, in the
Kwantung Leased Territory, and the latest model of Hoff¬
man’s brick-making machinery will be installed. Six other
companies with a smaller amount of capital also intend to
engage in this industry. In view of the large amount of
construction that will be undertaken in the future, both in
connection with the railways and in the many cities newly
opened to foreign residence and trade, this enterprise should
be a very profitable one.

- 4~*-4 -

BRICK CONTRACTORS PERFECT ORGANIZA¬
TION.

The Dayton (Ohio) Brick Contractors’ Association was
formed in its rooms in the Patterson building, of leading
brick contractors and manufacturers, for the consideration
of trade matters strictly. The following officers were elect¬
ed : President, Herman Teigler; vice president, Joseph R.
Boren; secretary, Charles C. Waltz; treasurer, Perry Bow¬
man. Regular meetings will be held in the Patterson build¬
ing on the first and third Wednesday nights of each month.

POTTERY NEWS ITEMS

The C. D. Hayten Pottery Co., Benton, Ark., is now
being operated bv foot power.

The Ottumwa Pottery & Clay Products Co. has been in¬
corporated with $60,000 capital stock at Ottumwa, la.

New York capital will build a pottery that will cost $50,-
000 at a small station called Wales, Tenn., near Pulaski.

The Florida Clay Co., Yalaha, Fla., is remodeling its
plants, and will soon be ready for extensive operations.

Mr. Jarvis, of East Liverpool, O., is at Cheboygan, Mich.,
consulting with the architect in regard to the new building
for the pottery.

The Cameron (W. Va.) Pottery Co. is now known as the
Egan Manufacturing Co. The plant has several large con¬
tracts and is in full operation.

The foundations, 430x140 feet, for the new pottery at
El Reno, Okla., are completed. The buildings will be two
stories high and cost $200,000.

Another pottery is to be built at Sebring, O., bricklayers
have already been secured to put up the kilns, etc. The plant
will manufacture electrical insulaters, etc.

The E. E. Spencer Porcelain Co., Whitehall, Ill., has
been incorporated with $2,500 capital stock. Incorporators :
Geo. A. McCorkle, Benj. Wolf and William V. Brothers.

Arrangements are being made to take the plant of the
Bell Pottery Co., Columbus, O., out of the hands of the re¬
ceiver. It is expected a sale will be ordered within a few
weeks.

The Keyser (Md.) Pottery Co. has been reorganized,
the following being the new officers : J. Z. Terrell, pres. ;
Dr. L. L. Edgell, secretary and treasurer, and M. H.
Edgell, manager.

The Augusta (Ga.) Chinaware Co. has been incorporated
with $25,000 capital stock, by Roy Goodwin, of Augusta,
and Collin McLean. It will enlarge the Georgia-Carolina
Pottery. Mr. McLean is the manager.

lone, Cali., is to have a pottery. Carver Hidecker, of
Glen Eden and Oakland, is at the head of the enterprise.
Mr. Cunningham, who is superintendent of the Glen Eden
works, will move to lone and be superintendent of it.

The Harley Pottery Co., Nashville, Tenn., has ordered
new machinery that will almost double the capacity of their
pottery. Next year the company expects to build another
large plant and operate same under the same management.

The large plant at Chaseland, north of Columbus, O., for¬
merly operated by the Columbus Pottery Co., has been en¬
tirely rebuilt by the American Mutual Pottery Co., which
was organized by James M. Loren and others to take over
the plant after it was partly destroyed by fire.

♦ -

KAISER ADVERTISES HIS POTTERY PROD¬
UCTS.

The versatile Kaiser, as a new proof of his aptitude for
business, is advertising his pottery works at Kadinen by
showing a special display of the goods at a fashionable shop
in Berlin.

The show, which was advertised in the semi-official Berlin
newspaper, included terra cotta and majolica tiles, vases,
busts, statuettes, as wed as more useful articles like buckets
and flowerpots.

CL7XV

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS

William H. Wild, Troy, Ill., is making plans to establish
a concrete tile and paving block factory.

Ionia, Mich., is to have a sand-lime brick factory which
is to be built by Manistee and Grand Rapids parties.

Parsons & Edwards, Franklin, Ind., have added a con¬
crete brick machine to their equipment of cement block
making.

The Paducah (Ky.) Sewer Pipe & Block Co. is now in
full operation, W. L. Bower is president, and Robert Bower
in charge of the plant.

The plant of the Watertown (S. Dak.) Pressed Brick Co.,
which was recently destroyed by fire, is to be rebuilt and
construction work is under way.

Hutchinson, Kansas, Commercial Club is after a sand-
lime brick plant for that city. Tests have been made from
the sands which are satisfactory.

The Holland-Manistee Brick Co.’s plant at Holland,
Mich., is being overhauled and equipped with new ma¬
chinery and labor-saving devices.

The Schwaz System Brick Co., of 24 State St., New
York, are erecting a sand-lime brick plant at North Battle-
ford, Sask., at a cost of about $75,000.

The Cement Block Co, Island Heights, N. J., has been in¬
corporated with $25,000 capital stock. Incorporators are
Wm. A. Parker, John Dunegan and W. L. Parker.

The drying cylinder at the plant of the Schenectady
(N. Y.) Sandstone Brick Co. was opened by mistake and
blew up, killing several people and injuring the plant.

The organization of a sand-lime brick plant at Macon,
Ga., is in progress by well known local capitalists and Bibb
county sand will be made into brick. A large plant will be
built.

Plans are on foot to organize a large stock company to
take over the Webb City, Mo., tiling brick business, owned
by A. M. Wagner. K. C. Buckeye, of Joliet, Ill., is inter¬
ested.

The Vulcan Stone & Tile Co., Buffalo, N. Y., has been in¬
corporated with $5,000 capital stock. The incorporators are
Emil Brandenburg and Chas. H. North, of Buffalo ; A. O.
Stockel and J. E. Eisele, of West Seneca.

Several big companies have been formed to buy territory
for the manufacture of brick on machines made by The
Enamel Brick & Concrete Machinery Co. of Des Moines,
la. The New England states and the Canadian rights are
already secured.

The Luverne (Minn.) Pressed Brick Co. has been incor¬
porated with $55,000 capital stock and will build at once a
sand-lime brick plant. Those interested are Judge P. E.
Brown, A. D. LaDue, W. E. Green, E. A. Brown, S. B.
Nelson, V. C. Mead, C. A. Palmer and others

The Atlas Brick Co., El Paso, Texas, manufacturers ot
sand-lime brick is the latest industry for that city. The
Schwarz System is used and the capacity of the plant is
50,000 brick daily. The directors are F. B. Stuart, A.
Courchesne, S. H. Sutherland, W. W. Turney and W. F.
Barnes.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

Ponca City, Okla., clays have been tested with good re¬
sults and it is expected a brick plant will be built there.

The Middleton (Idaho) Brick Co. is now turning out
brick which will be used to build a hotel and business block.

John Harke, John Pugh and Henry Hege, of Lexington,
N. C., have organized and are now operating a brick plant.

The Georgia Brick Co. will install a dryer in its plant at
Adairsville, Ga., that will have a daily capacity of 30,000
brick.

The Stovall (N. C.) Brick Company is in the market for
a disintegrator with a capacity to make 25 to 30 thousand
brick daily.

The Carbon Limestone Co., Youngstown, O., will erect
a large brick works near the state line between Quaker Falls
and Lowellville.

$400,000 worth of work has been tied up at Jackson, Miss.,
on account of scarcity of brick. Within the last 10 days the
famine has been lifted.

The Lehigh Sewer Pipe & Tile Co. has been organized at
Augusta, Maine, with $400,000 capital stock. The plant
will be at Lehigh, Iowa.

The Brenham (Tex.) Brick Co. is building a tramway
3,000 feet in length to reach the clay beds so as to operate
the capacity of the plant.

Barkley Bros., Greenville, Ky., will install a gasoline
engine and put in an additional brick machine to increase
their plant more profitably.

The new brick plant at Lexington, Ky., on 7th street, near
the L. & E. Railway Co.’s shops, is now in full operation,
turning out 40,000 brick daily.

G. W. McClelland has offered to put in a 100,000 brick
daily capacity brick plant at Cherryvale, Kansas, if the town
will furnish a site for the plant.

C. L. Martin and Dr. W. E. Fish, of Anita, la., will at
once begin operations on a brick plant which they will in¬
stall at Aberdeen, S. Dak., north of the gas works.

The promoters of the new brick plant at Ft. Thomas Sta.
Newport, Ky., are threatened by the residents with an in¬
junction to stop burning operations soon as they start.

The Brown Clay Co., of Suffolk Co., N. Y., has filed a
certificate with the state. Capital stock, $60,000. Incor¬
porators are H. C. Brown, Juliet H. Brown and J. C. Brown.

The Hudson Valley Brick Co., Mechanicsville, N. Y., has
been incorporated with $80,000 capital stock. Incorpora¬
tors are Wm. H. Allen, Walter C. Crombie, F. H. Long-
stuff and others.

David Sanders has formed a $100,000 company to build
a brick plant at San Antonio, Texas. He is to be the secre¬
tary of the company. The company is called the San An¬
tonio Brick Co. Geo. H. Craft is president.

The Ashaway (R. I.) Clay Co. has been organized with
$50,000 capital stock and will build a face brick plant. The
officers are Geo. L. Babcock, of Plainfield, N. J., president ;
George Burdick, of Potter Hill, vice-president ; Frank Hill,
of Ashaway, secretary and treasurer, and Earl J. Robinson,
of Friendship, N. Y., manager.

CLAY RECORD,

J. W. Craycroft has shipped brickmaking machinery to
Modesto, Cal., and will operate a plant there.

Work on the new plant of Wm. W. Ellis & Son at Can¬
ton, Ill., is progressing and the plant will soon be in readi¬
ness to operate.

The Iron Clay Brick Co., Columbus, O., are now receiv¬
ing orders for fall trade and the company has 150 cars
placed in advance.

The National Drain Tile Co., Terre Haute, Ind., has pur¬
chased 80 acres of shale near Streator, Ill., and will build a
$100,000 drain tile plant.

Clinton Campbell, a Phoenix, Arizona, contractor, has
leased the Tempe (Arizona) Brick Works and will start
up same at once in order to get brick for his contracts.

The Ross-Keller Triple Pressure Brick Machine Co. has
just completed a four mould plant for the Carrollton
Pressed Brick Co. of Carrollton, Texas. The first kiln has
been opened and shows a high grade red face brick.

The Ross-Keller Triple Pressure Brick Machine Co. has
just contracted with the Lebanon Pressed Brick Co. of
Lebanon, Ohio, for the installation of a complete six mould
brick plant with a daily capacity of 30,000 pressed brick.

The Fultonham (O.) Brick Co. has been reorganized.
T. F. McClure, of T. F. McClure & Sons Co., Cincinnti, O.,
is president; E. E. McClure, vice-president; J. M. Quill, 2nd
vice-president; Frank T. Dinsmore, secretary, and Frank H.
Kirchner, of the Kirchner Construction Co., treasurer. E. E.
McClure and J. W. Harbarger are in charge of the Colum¬
bus, O., office, which is in the Harrison building.

Runge, Texas, is to have a new brick works if all reports

are true.

The capacity of the Granite Brick Co., of Columbus, O.,
is to be doubled.

The finishing touches are being made to the plant of the
National Glass Brick Co., Connellsville, Pa.

Building brick are now being made at the plant of the
Peerless Brick Co. at Williamson, W. Va.

The Waynesburg (Pa.) Brick & Stone Co. have installed
a 30 horse-power gas engine in its Smith creek plant.

The Leavittsburg (O.) Brick Co. purchased at trustee’s
sale the plant of the B. K. Enamel Brick Co. for $14,000.

The Suburban Brick Co. are unable to run their Martin’s
Ferry, O., plant in full force on account of the scarcity of
help.

Mr. John Gibson, Fromberg, Montana, has purchased
from The Henry Martin Brick Machine Manufacturing
Company of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, a complete “Mar¬
tin” Horse Power equipment.

The Lunenburg Brick & Tile Co., Tinkling, Va., has been
incorporated with $25,000 capital stock. Marvin Smithey
is president, L. W. Bridgeforth vice-president, D. F. Ken¬
nedy secretary and treasurer.

Mr. George C. Pedrick, Flemington, New Jersey, is in¬
stalling one of the “Martin” Latest Improved Style “A”
Steam1 Power Brick Machines in combination with a “Mar¬
tin” Improved Clay Screen, purchased from the Henry
Martin Brick Machine Manufacturing Company of Lan¬
caster, Pennsylvania.

The New San Francisco Continuous Kiln

is the only CONTINUOUS KILN having regenerative furnaces for burning bricks with CRUDE OIL or POWDERED COAL

This kiln has the greatest thermic efficiency, for the following
reasons:

FIRST — A perfect system of regulating the velocity of gases
through the kiln.

SECOND— No excess of air, such as is required in UP-DRAFT or
DOWN-DRAFT kilns.

THIRD — Perfect air recuperation.

FOURTH — Perfect combustion.

FIFTH — Uoss by radiation reduced to a minimum.

SIXTH — No cold air admitted with the fuel in the combustion
chambers.

SEVENTH — Heat generated instantaneously.

EIGHTH— No delays, no waiting for the coal or other fuel to
ignite, as in the ordinary continuous kiln.

NINTH— The burning bricks receive the full benefit of all the heat
produced, as the combustion chambers are contiguous to the kiln.

TENTH — The amount of heat generated is at least 100$ greater
than that produced bv coal screenings dropped between the burning
bricks in a given length of time, in the ordinary continuous kiln.

CONSTRUCTION

This kiln can be constructed with 10$ less material than the ordi¬
nary continuous kiln.

The outside and inside walls, etc., are left down to a point four
feet below the coal-floor line of the ordinary continuous kiln, the arch
only being built above this line.

There are no BAGS or BAG WAUUS to take down and rebuild
when the kiln doors are opened and sealed up.

Has no complicated system of flues.

Has no complicated system of GAS PRODUCERS.

Can be arranged for utilizing the surplus heat with a blower, no
chimney being required in this case.

This system applied to a HOFFMAN KIRN will increase its capac¬
ity at least 100 per cent.

WILLIAM A. BUTLER, Patentee, 34 Parkside Ave. San Francisco, Cal.

W. W. Denham is trying to interest Dallas capital in the
establishing of a brick plant at Goliad, Texas.

Glenn H. Dobbs, of Camden, N. J., has leased the brick
works of Harry Robinson at Chester, Pa., and will operate
it with improved machinery.

J. H. Palmer, of Danville, Ill., has bought controlling in¬
terest in the Western Silica Works at Attica, Ind., and will
put the whole plant on a good basis.

The plant of the Mansfield Brick Co. has been put in ope¬
ration at Rockmart, Ga. Robert H. Brown, of Atlanta, is
president and organizer of the company.

The Henry Martin Brick Machine Manufacturing Co., of
Lancaster, Pa., have recently shipped to Messrs. O’Connor
Bros., Red Bluff, California, an outfit of Horse Power Brick
Machinery.

The Leesburg Brick Co., Leesburg, N. J., have recently in¬
stalled a complete outfit of “Martin” Soft Mud Brick Ma¬
chinery, purchased from the Henry Martin Brick Machinery
Co., of Lancaster, Pa.

The Dungan-Booth Brick Co., Seven Mile Ford, Va., has
been organized by J. Dungan, of Seven Mile Ford, C. B.
Booth, of Knoxville, Tenn., and Joel Booth, of Chilhowie,
V a. They will establish a 40,000 brick daily capacity plant.

The Henry Martin Brick Machine Manufacturing Co., of
Lancaster, Pa., has just shipped to Mexico one “Martin”
Latest Improved Animal Power Brick Machine. This ship¬
ment was completely dismanteled and the machine put up in
small packages for transportation over the mountains of
Mexico on mule back.

To Make
The

Winning

Bid

The Ideal Concrete Ma¬
chine makes it possible
to cut your bid with¬
out cutting you profit.

It is impossible to underbid
the contractor who manufactur¬
ers his own Ideal Concrete Build¬
ing Blocks with an Ideal Con¬
crete Machine.

Ideal Blocks are
adapted to any possib le
architectural design,
and excel all other
materials in fire and
weather-proof qualities

IDEAL

Concrete Machinery

Embodies the only principle (faced
down) permitting- the use of rich
material in back of blocks . .facing material with less expensive

systems of blocks -Hollow tof-5table to the manufacture of five different
various shapes and sizes TnP°hd’ Veneer, Two-piece, and Continuous, in
nous snapes and sizes. The same machine makes countless designs efface,

— — and natural stoneeffect. (See illustration.)

Practically everlasting. Not a chain, spring,
wheel or cog in its construction. Catlog and
valuable facts orf builders free on application.

IDEAL CONCRETE MACHINERY CO.

Dept. W South Bend Ind.

Mtjssen Eimited. Montreal, Canada
Sole Agents for Canada

Alex W. Mass, of New Orleans, La., is organizing a com¬
pany to manufacture fire brick, sewer pipe, etc.

The directors of the Illinois Brick Co. have declared a
quarterly dividend of 1 per cent, payable July 15th.

D. G. Loomis & Sons, Montreal, Que., contractors, have
purchased property at Cote St. Paul, Quei} and will estab¬
lish a large brickmaking plant.

Messrs. Porter & Taylor, who own the Brownwood
(Texas) Brick Works, is installing some machinery and
have just completed a large storage building.

The Creedmoor (N. C.) Brick & Lumber Co. has been
incorporated with $25,000 capital stock by T. O. Pomeroy,
A. B. Nicholson and Heenan Hughes, of Graham.

The Laclede-Christy Clay Products Co., St. Louis, Mo.,
has bought a block of ground bounded by Elizabeth. Colum¬
bia and January avenues and Wood street, paying $41,000
for it.

Clayton Wagner has bought the tile factory at East Ger¬
mantown, Ind., from P. Franzman and now is repairing the
buildings and machinery. He will equip the plant with new
machinery.

The Perfection Brick Co., of East St. Louis, Ill., has been
organized at Belleville with $50,000 capital stock. Incor¬
porators are Charles A. White, Edward M. Dickerson and
Helen M. Dickerson.

The Interlocking Brick Co., of New York, has been incor¬
porated with $10,000 capital stock. The directors are
Joseph Soss and S. A. Guiterman, of New York, and Chaim
Schwartz, of Brooklyn.

DIRECT HE A T

— F OP -

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY

COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

62=64 William St. NEW YORK CITY

CLAY RECORD.

The Wadsworth (O.) Brick Co. is building new kilns at
its plant.

E. A. Joseph is installing machinery for a brick plant at
Coal Harbor, N. Dak., on the Schutt coal mine property.

The Redwing (Minn.) Sewer Pipe Co. filed an amend¬
ment to its articles of incorporation, increasing its capital
stock from $500,000 to $1,000,000.

The Owensboro (Ky.) Pressed Brick Co. has started up
its new plant which has been building all winter. It was de¬
layed on account of the scarcity of lumber.

The Canavera Brick Mfg. Co., Staunton, Ill., has been
incorporated with $25,000 capital stock. Incorporators are
Michael Canavera, Baptiste Canavera and A. F. Helmuth.

Mr. W. J. Crawford, Palestine, Texas, has just installed
a “Martin” horse power equipment for the manufacture of
soft mud brick, furnished by the Henry Martin Brick Ma¬
chine Manufacturing Co., of Lancaster, Pa.

A resolution has been passed by the Board of Commission¬
ers of the Arkansas State Penitentiary to supply the Arkan¬
sas Brick & Mfg. Co., Little Rock, with 300 able-bodied con¬
victs per day in accordance with the so-called Dickerson
contract.

Mr. F. B. Davidheiser, Pottstown, Pa., who lately equipped
his plant with an improved outfit of “Martin’ Soft Mud
Brick Machinery, has further improved his plant by adding
the “Martin” Patented Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer Sys¬
tem, which is now being installed by the Henry Martin
Brick Machine Manufacturing Co., of Lancaster, Pa.

Jack Oeschli, of Butte, Mont., will start a brick works at
Anaconda, near-the Levengood ranch.

The Ida Grove (la.) Concrete Stone Co. has turned out
their first kiln of brick with satisfactory results.

SheafFer Bros., contractors, have begun the work on the
plant of the Dillsburg (Pa.) Vitrified Brick & Tile Co.

The Commercial Club, of Hutchinson, Kansas, are on the
lookout for a fine shale brick works to utilize the large de¬
posit found there.

Several New York capitalists have secured option on 3,000
acres of clay land in Cecil County, Md., and it is expected
they will mine clay on a large scale.

The new brick plant in the East End, East Liverpool, O.,
which proposes to make brick from broken pottery saggers,
has been started on a trial test of the machinery.

The Richmond Clay Product Co. has been awarded the
contract to furnish 15 miles of vitrified conduit for Washing¬
ton, D. C. ; also 3,000,000 paving brick for the city of New¬
ark, N. J.

The Rushville Brick Co., Rushville, Ind., are at the pres¬
ent time putting in the “Martin” Patent Dryer System of
30,000 daily capacity, installed by the Henry Martin Brick
Machine Manufacturing Co., of Lancaster, Pa.

The Somers Brick Co., of Atlantic City, N. J., who re¬
cently equipped their plant with a “Martin” Improved outfit
of style “A” machinery, have placed their order with the
“Martin” Brick Machine Manufacturing Co., of Lancaster,
Pa., for a duplicate outfit of the same kind, and which is be¬
ing installed at the present time.

The Ideal Brick Kiln

SHOULD DE

Cheap and durable and have a big daily capacity.

In order to save fuel it should be of the continuous type.

The heat from the already burned cooling bricks should
preferably be used to lighten the burning proper.

The different stages of the burning process should always
be easily observable. Such one is the

CEIMELEWSKI PATENT KILN

Dr. HERMAN RABERGH

Sole Agent in the U. S. A. and Canada

24 Cottage Ave. ~ Fitchburg, Mass.

CL-7SY RECORD.

BRICK PLANT FOR SALE

Brick Plant on three railroads, within two blocks
of paved streets, in prosperous town. Address:
EDWIN A. WILSON, Marine Bank Bldg. .

Springfield, Illinois

BRICK AND TILE MACHINERY AT SACRIFICE

Where a country is tiled, factories are offered
complete, or in part. Cheap Have several Brewer
Mills for sale, and others.

Engines, Boilers, Crushers. Drying Pipes, etc. If
you wish to buy or sell write.

Brick and Tile Machinery

Secor, Ill.

A MANUFACTURING PROPOSITION

Egyptian Sheet Plaster Co.

Jackson, Mich.

BRICK PLANT WANTED

Wanted to buy an interest in a pressed or paving
brick plant located in Central States and having
down draft kilns, or wiM take a position as manager
with privilege to purchase an interest.

Address: “Manager” Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Illinois

FOR SALE

One power Repress, in number one condition, used
only but a short time; capacity 10000 per day. Ask
for full particulars.

American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave. New York

FOR SALE

Modern Soft Mud Plant, city 12,000, good business,
good prices, abundance of clay and sand. Address,

Wm. M. REED,

Princeton; Ind.

FOR SALE CHEAP

GREAT EASTERN CLAY CO.

39 Cortland St., New York.

FOR SALE

One Chambers pug mill, practically new, sufficiently
large for any output. A first class machine in every
respect. Address

ALONZO CURTIS BRICK CO.,

Grant Park, Ills.

WANTED

Wanted Stoneware Potter — both wheel and Kiln
men, Write to

SPOKANE POTTERY CO.

Clayton, Wash.

PLANT FOR SALE

A first-class tile and brick plant in best part of
Iowa. Capacity 15000 brick or tile in proportion.
Reason for selling, age. For particulars write to
H. L- SWIFT, Riverside, Iowa

A GOOD INVESTMENT

Man with capital and experience to start Brick &
Tile plant. Good clay, good location adjoining R. R.
track. Large home demand for tile. For particu¬
lars write

Box 73 OKABENA, MINN.

FOR SALE

For Sale— 75 Acres; 6o feet of Shale.

io feet ol Fire Clay, 3 feet of Coal developed.

Excellent conditions Railroad track.

Price, $15,000. Address.

NEW CENTRAL COAL CO.

Terre Haute, Ind.

FOR SALE CHEAP AT ONCE

Good Brick Yard in county seat, capacity 30,000
brick daily. Can’t supply the demand, for brick at
$8.75 to $10.00 per thousand. Fine clay seven feet
deep. Good Machinery, good water, plenty of wood
free for hauling less than % mile Plenty of labor
and 465,000 brick now contracted for. Good reason
for selling. No competition. Address

GEORGE BARNEY,

Leesville, La.

ENGINES AND BOILERS

Oorlis engines, 20x48, 18x36, 16x42, 12x36. Also 40
other sizes and styles in stock.

Boilers, Tubular, 84x18, 78x16, 72x18. Also 60 other
styles and sizes in stock.

Send specifications of your requirements and we
will make you a proposition that will interest you.

THE RANDLE MACHINERY CO. .
1732 Powers St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

FOR SALE

Two complete sets Brick-making Machinery, in¬
cluding Chambers Brick Machine, Elevators, Clay
Rolls, Granulators, Hoists, etc., also one Frey-
Sheckler Brick Machine, at present in operation.

ILLINOIS BRICK CO.

Chicago, Ill.

SUPERINTENDENT WANTED

A superintendent for a stiff mud and fire brick
plant. One desired that can buy an interest in the
company. SUPERINTENDENT,

Care Clay Record, Chicago, Ill.

BUSINESS CHANCE

Would sell an interest in a prosperous Brick Plant
to practical man capable of taking charge and oper¬
ating the yard. Town growing rapidly and no com¬
petition in business. Only small amount of money
required, but party must be reliable and experienced
to receive attention. An attractive proposition is
open to such a person. BIG HORN BRICK CO.

Cody, Wyoming.

FOR SALE.

Right and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

COR SALE— CHEAP— New and re-laying rails, IS,
1 16, 80 and 25 pound. For prices, address

ATLAS CAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

KAOLIN FOR SALE

Have just discovered and offer for sale the finest
quality of Kaolin ever mined in Georgia, orthesouth.

L. T. LEE, Zenith, Ga.

FOR SALE

Clay Disintegrator, new $50.00; Tempering Wheel
used only two seasons $35.00.

C. EUGENE KEMP
806 Locust St., Williamsport, Pa.

PLANT FOR SALE

On account of too much other business to look after
I will give you a bargain on a first-class brick and
tile plant located at Edgewood, Clayton County,
Iowa. For particulars write.

S. L- CLARK, Redfield, So. Dak

MACHINERY FOR SALE

Soft mud outfit, manufactured by the American
Clay Working Machinery Co., consisting of Upright
Stock Brick Machines direct attached Pug Mill,
Mold Sander.Brick Molds, 5 Leaf Dump Table, 10,000
Wooden Palletts. All in fine condition; very reas¬
onable price. Apply to

BALTIMORE VITRIFIED BRICK CO.

Baltimore, Md.

PARTNER WANTED

A good, reliable man of experience, with some
capital to invest in and take charge of a new Dry
Press Brick Plant. Plenty of shale, and good mar¬
ket for all the brick. Address

DENIS, care Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

We offer for sale at a sacrifice the fol¬
lowing BOYD Presses:

One 3 Hold Standard 1891 Pattern
Two 4 Hold Standard 1897 Pattern

All in good condition. Inspection in¬
vited. Immediate shipment.

Harrison-Walker Refactories Co.,

Farmers Bank Building,

Pittsburgh, Pa.

Taper Jogger, quoted.

R. A. HART. 41 White St.,

No better made, cut from
$8 and $10, to

4 Wheel, $3.00

5 Wheel, $3.25

Guaranteed.
Sold by all dealers.

BATTLE CREEK. MICH

MEN WANTED

.Six men experienced in Hollow block manufac¬
turing, highest wages; no labor trouble. Apply to
605 Diamond Bank Building I Ohio Clay Products Co.
Pittsburg, Pa. | Salineville, Ohio.

MANAGER WANTED

Wanted— Manager and superintendent of a brick
plant established a number of years and making
high grade stiff brick. Must be competent to handle
peculiar clay and make A1 brick; understand ma¬
chinery; good business ability; the management of
men; have unquestionable habits; first class refer¬
ence. Address in full and in confidence stating sal¬
ary expected. X. Y. Z. Care Clay Record,

Chicago, Illinois.

FOR SALE

One Raymond Rotary Automatic Down-Cut
Cutter, with 40 feet of off-carrying belt and separat¬
ing table. This machine is brand new, but we want
the room immediately and will accept any reason¬
able offer. BAKER IRON WORKS

Los Angles, Cal.

FOR SALE

A good Road Machinery Co.’s make, No. 4 Cham¬
pion Crusher, in perfect condition; very little used;
no reasonable offer refused.

OHIO CLAY PRODUCTS CO.

605 Diamond Bank Bldg. ,

Pittsburg, Pa.

FOREMAN WANTED

Wanted a general Foreman for a No. 1 fire brick
and farm Drain Tile Plant located in the Mississippi
Valley. Must be sober, up-to-date and a hustler.
Good wages to right party. Address:

“F. T.” GERMAN INSURANCE AGENCY
Rock Island, Illinois

FOR SALE

141 Broadway, New York

POSITION WANTED

Position wanted as Assistant or Superintendent.
Experienced in Press Brick, Paving Brick, Fire¬
proofing, Roof Tile. Can give references. Address:
GEO. W. PHILLIPS

1505 St. James Street Los Angeles, Cal.

DO YOU WANT TO SELL YOUR BUSINESS?

DO YOU WANT TO EXCHANGE PROPERTIES?
DO YOU WANT TO BUY A BUSINESS?

If you want to buy, sell or exchange any kind of
business or real estate anywhere at any price,
address FRANK P. CLEVELAND,

1726 Adams Express Building Chicago, Illinois

STONE. MAKING
MONEY MAKING

By the PETTYJOHN System
More Pettyjohn Concrete
Block Machines in use than
any other — there’s a reason.

Machines from $35 to $275.

Guaranteed in every way and
shipped on trial anywhere.

Let us tell you how to start a
Stone- Making- Money- Mak¬
ing factory in YOUR town.

Our catalog o concrete facts
is free.

The Pettyjohn Company

622 N. 6th St., - TERRE HAUTE, IND.

r-jn

CLAY WORKER’S HAND-BOOK

A Manual for all Engaged in the
Hanufacture of Articles from Clay

JUST OUT : : PRICE $2.00

NOW READY— A TREATISE ON

PRODUCER-GAS and
GAS-PRODUCERS

THE WONDER OF THE AGE

Grateless Furnace
Kiln

For Up-Draft Clamp
Kilns and Down-Draft
Kilns remodeled; also
plans for new Kilns
furnished. Yard rights
for sale.

Write for particulars to

F. E. SWIFT

514 West Fourth St.
Dayton Ohio.

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902
SAGINAW, W. S., MICH.

Improved Saginaw Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

BY AN ACKNOWLEDGED AUTHORITY.

A 300-page book containing thirty chapters, giving the fundamental
principles and definitions, calculations, classifications, manufacture and
use; the fuel, the requirements, the history, its by-products, Producer-
Gas for firing kilns, steam boilers, and power plants. The
future of the Gas-producer and a bibliography.

OVER 100 CHOICE ILLUSTRATIONS— PRICE, $4.00.

A subscription to the CLAY RECORD for one year without, additional
charge to those that are not now subscribers.

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO, ILL.

Main Yard and Office Branch Yard Banister River,

South Boston, Va. Branch N. 4 W. Ry.

I BOSTON "BRICK COMPANY
Manufacturers of Plain and Fancy
Brick., Cement Brick and Blocks

H. W. Cosby, Superintendent and General Manager.

South Boston, Va., January 19, 1907.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co ,

Marion, Ind.

Gentlemen: —

Yours truly,

Signed by H. W. Cosby, Supt. and Gen. Mgr. BOSTON BRICK CO.

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co,

Marion, Ind.

FOR SALE

A Fine Opportunity

The Tiffin Wagon Company, - - Tiffin, Ohio

CLHY RECORD.

Chicago Brick Machinery Co., Chicago, u. s. a

The New Vibratory Piano
Wire Screen consists of steel
channel side frames bolted to
cast iron cross heads. In the
lower cross head are fixed pins around which
the wires are looped and in the upper cross head
turned tapered pins fit into drilled tapered
holes. Accurate spacing of wires is secured by threaded rods used as
bridges. This screen will successfully screen, the product of a 9-foot
Dry Pan for Dry Press or two pans for Wire Cut brick on an average
clay through an average mesh. Weight, 1,200 pounds.

New Vibratory Piano Wire Screen

MANGANESE

FOR ALL USES.

LUMP.faAy^ROUHD

60 -70^ 70-80 % 80-90^ OXIDE.

Clay Workers Goods a .Specialty

SAMPLES and prices on INQUIRY.

KENDALL & FLICK

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only prevontatlv* (or scum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the 8ulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL A SCHALL

SOS NP W VOPk P. Q. Box

PearlStmt^CTT I OMV 171*

SCHOOL and OFFICE.

Reliable, Useful, Attractive, Lasting, Up
to Date and Authoritative. 2380 Pages,
6000 Illustrations. Recently added 26,000
New Words, NewGazetteer and New Bio¬
graphical Dictionary. Editor W. T. Harris,
Ph.D., LL.D., United States Com. of Ed’n.
Highest Awards at St. Louis and Portland.

Webster's Collegiate D^ciioncry. Largest of
our abridgments. Regular and Thin Pape?
editions. Unsurpassed for eVganee and con¬
venience. 11 16 paces and 1^00 i1 bi t rations. J

Write for “The Story of a Book”-*Eree.
G0i C. MERRIAM CO., Springfield,' Mass.
GET THE BEST.

Clay Record

Is semi-monthly
It Costs

One Dollar

A Year

G. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

CL-7W RECORD

.MW W

1 Something New In Brick Kilns and Dryers

MWMR

r 71

The Dennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of advantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April 14,
1903 and September 8. 1903
Brick plants installed and
putin operation. Write for
booklet,
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water St.. Norfolk, Va.

Correspondence

WVTWWAAAAVV W V v '■v

Absolutely safe and reliable. Ask your friends

A WOODEN TOWER

Is a source of annoyance and danger. It is
liable to rot and collapse at any time. A

CALDWELL STEEL TOWER

is safe, staunch and durable and will carry
four times the weight of the filled tank.
Expensive labor is not necessary to erect
these outfits, your own men can do it. We
furnish all plans.

Send for illustrated catalogue and price list.

W. E. CALDWELL CO.,

•bbbbb

Louisville, Ky.

FIRE! FIRE!
EXTINGUISHERS

For all Purposes

“Utica” No. 2 for Homes
“ No. 3 “ Factories

“ No. 4 “ Fire Departments

“ No. 7 “ Launches and Cars

“ No. 8 “ Steamships and Cars

“CHILDS” for Insurance requirements.
Approved, Tested and Labeled by the
Underwriters’ Laboratories

O. J. CHILDS COMPANY

Sole Manufacturers

UTICA - - = N. Y.

s PERFECTION BRICK MOULDS i

PATENTED JAN. 28, 1902.

These are the
kind of Brick
Moulds the Brick
Makers have al¬
ways wanted but
could not get till
now. You can
get a mould that
the vents are
right all the time
No char, g e
whether the
Mould is wet or
dry. Try a sam¬
ple order. Satis¬
faction guaran¬
teed.

THE ARHOLD-GREAGER CO.

Manufacturer* of Brick Machinery
and Supplies of all Kindt.

NEW LONDON, OHIO.

■

TWO PAPERS forthe PRICE OF ONE

BOTH PATERS FOK. $1.00

For a limited time only we will send both papers one year for
$1.00. Send us $1.00, check, stamps, money order, or currency,
and both papers, The Concrete Age and The Southern
Architect, will come to you twelve months. Subscribe today.

THE SOUTHERN ARCHITECT 1Vi2nta“&*

4 Their Occurence, Properties and

With special reference to those of the
^ United States, by Heinrich, Ries Ph. D.

*5 8 Vol. 490 pages, 65 figures, 44 plates

< PRICE $5.00 NET

< Clay Record Publishing Co.,

Chicago, Illinois

CLA

Uses

■vi

BBB3BBBBBBBBBBBBSBB» JBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBfl

[ Brick Moulds and
j Brick Barrows

M With Moulds and Barrows it is not the first

B cost, but it is, will they last? We have made

§ them for over 30 years and know your wants.

B All kinds and shapes. A trial order will oon-

• vinoe.

» Janies B. Crowell & Son,

S Wallkill, N. Y.

BBBHBBBBBBBBflBBBBBBBBBBBflBBBBBBBBBBBBBflBB1

H. JUL DEAVITT,

PRACTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMIST,
Garden City Block,

CHICAGO.

Analyses of Clay, Sand, Lime, Cement Materials and
Shales a specialty.

Special attention given to the preparation of Clay Pro¬
ducts from the raw material.

A well equipped laboratory and long experienoe in this
branch of work enables us to give expert reports on obtaining
glazes on refractory materials.

All enquiries in regard to the above will receive prompt
attention.

CLKY RECORD.

P ^ G<is and

INcW U 8d Gasoline Engines

and GAS PRODUCERS

If you want a perfect built, and successful running Gas
Engine, order the New Era, which has our Patented Water
Jacketed Solid Cylinder Head, requiring no Packing. We
use a Mrap Style Connecting Rod, which never breaks, Aux=
iliary and Regular Exhaust, Make and Break Electric Igniter.
We have more good points in the construction of the New Era
than anv other Gas Engine built. Sizes from 1 to 150 Horse
Power

For Catalogue and further information, write to

THE NEW ENA GAS ENGINE 00 ■ Dlf i A LE Tve!

Why not secure Jeffrey
estimates before you buy ?

THE JEFFREY MFG. CO.

COLUMBUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON PITTSBURGH DENVER

CATALOGUE No. 80

Mailed Free, with others on

Screening, Mining, Drilling

Crushing, Coal Handling

CONVEYING MACHINERY

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN CO. PITTSBURG, PA.

BUILDERS OF

Pittsburgh Standard Grinding Pans, Dry or Wet, Revolv¬
ing or Stationery Rock and Ore Crushers for Brick, Cement
Terra Cotta and all kinds of Refractory Materials.

When writing for prices state kind of material and capacity.

BORTON & TIERNEY CO., Philadelphia, Pa.
Eastern Sales Agents

HICKS CLAY CO.

MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF

Best grade clays which can be manufactured into
anything known to the clay trade.

We have an inexhaustible supply covering 230
acres and 70 feet deep. Unexcelled facilities for prompt
shipments and can load any amount at any time.

All clays 75 cents per ton, f. o. b. for this year only.

We also offer special inducements for parties desiring
to locate and will entertain any legitimate proposition
even to furnishing one-half of the capital for any sized
plant.

We are located advantageously at junction point of
the Chicago & Alton R. R. and also on the C. B. & Q.,
70 miles north of St. Louis, Mo.

Samples and analysis of all clays sent free upon
request. Correspondence solicited.

H. C. WORCESTER, Secy. CHAS. T. HICKS, Pres.
R00DH0USE, ILL. DRAKE, ILL.

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

A well-tried and
proven Success.

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,

, (Patented.)

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

Price Right,
Write Us

ALL STYLES

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

NILES, OHIO

CLHY RECORD.

Arthur Koppel Company

t.i ii '•

Steel Double Side Dump Cars of
Every Description

Complete Installation of
Industrial and Portable

RAILROADS

Immediate Delivery

Of Portable Track, Steel Dump Cars,
Switches, Frogs, Turntables, Rails,
Dryer Cars, Transfer Cars etc.

Write for Catalog No. 48

ARTHUR

KOPPEL

COMPANY

135 Morris Bldg., New York 1641=6 Monadnock Block, Chicago
53 Oliver Street, Boston 1606 Machesney Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.

1514 Chronicle Bldg., San Francisco

Works at

Xrf‘,rcss’ h0*vn?

®4ker CountV i

Trade-Mark.

THE TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR CO.

1856 CUYAHOGA FALLS, OHIO, U. S. A. - - =1907

PH. : : ...... .

[jfST'r rnwTTI T

ji* ( > r^j|ppf . * ’

mmr%. a . 1

'gja ~ - -■

. . —> M

— frX771

PATENTED

NINE FOOT COMBINATION MILL

COMBINATION MILLS

Twice the capacity of a wet pan and at
less horse power.

SAVE THE UNNECESSARY HANDLING

NO DRY PAN GRINDING. NO DUST
ELEVATOR. NO EXPENSIVE STOR¬
AGE BINS. NO DUST SHUTES.

Take the short, high grade road

FROM INVESTMENT TO SUCCESS.

Purchase “Vaughn’s” modern machinery
and insure against loss or delay.

SEWER PIPE AND TILE PRESSES, NOZ¬
ZLE, SLEEVE AND RUNNER BRICK
MACHINES. DRY AND WET PANS,
PIPE, TILE, CONDUIT AND OTHER DIES.

THE PARENT OF RAPID GRINDING AND TEMPERING. REVOLVING
PAN AND RECIPROCATING WHEELS

ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON COMPLETE
EQUIPMENT.

CLKY RECORD.

Sand Lime Brick Machinery

FURNISHED BY

THE SEMISTEEL COMPANY

CLEVELAND

OHIO

Write for Further Information

WHY YOUROWN BRICK CUTTING WIRES

When You Can Buy Ready Hade Cheaper?

BEND FOR SAMPLES AND PRICES.

GEORGE S. COX, East Liverpool, Ohio.

SAND-LIME BRICK MACHINERY

Furnished and Installed by the

International Sand-Lime Brick Machinery Co.

(Incorporated under the laws of the State of New York)

Under the Safest and Strongest Guarantees.

Inventors and Owners of the “Division Method” (patented in
the United States and all Foreign Countries)

Write for information to the

International Sand-Lime Brick & Machinery Co.

156 Liberty Street
NEW YORK

HANDLE YOUR CLAY
WITH ONE MAN AND

The Thew Steam Shovels

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 1 Shovel— Geo. H. Clippert & Bro., Detroit, Mich.

; : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30, COO to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

“Be sure you are right, then go ahead,**

Q. E. Luce Engineering Co.

(G. E. LUCE, Practical Mechanical Engineer)

Sixth Floor, Plymouth Bldg., 303 Dearborn St.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Designer and Constructor for all

Kinds of Clay=Working Plants

B uilding, paving and pressed brick, tile, hollow block and fire-proofing plants
plan and specifications prepared.

Designed and reconstructed several of the largest plants in this country.

Years of experience in this particular field, and formerly engineer in charge
of construction for the Illinois Brick Co. of Chicago.

Machinery, drying and burning troubles corrected.

Examination of properties, clays tested, and advise as to the possibilities of
success of either old or new plants.

CLHY RECORD.

No. 64 Nine Foot Pan

New Desig'n - Nothing' LiRe It

Note the Strength, Note the Convenience, Note the Capacity

IF YOU WANT QUALITY— A FULL VALUE FOR THE MONEY

YOU HAVE IT HERE

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY COMPANY - - -

BUCYRUS, OHIO
U. S. A.

•50

CLHY RECORD.

DRY PRESS BRIEK

MACHINERY

All joints carefully fitted. All gearing heavy
and strong. Side frames massive. Adjustable
mold feed and pressure. Long dwelling pres¬
sure. Smooth, dense, perfect brick. ;

We build Stiff, Soft Mud and Sand-Lime
Brick Machinery, all kinds of Dryers and their
equipment. We build all our own Dryers
and can guarantee them.

THE

American Clay Machinery Co.

BUCYRUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

STIFF MUD BRICK MACHINERY

We build other machines, larger and smaller capacity, same
quality. We build everything needed to make clay products.
Also Dryers that we can guarantee. Write for catalog.

THE AMERICAN CLAY MACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

CLMV RECORD.

THE AMERICAN CLAY HACHINERY CO.

BUCYRUS, OHIO

No. 62 HAND-POWER ROTARY BRICK CUTTER

■

4;'

. '->'v

.1- V..W

The

We also
build a full
line of machinery
and appliances for
making clay products
by all processes. Write
concerning your needs.

American

Clay Machinery

Company

WILLOUGHBY, OHIO, TJ. S.

| LOCATIONS |
| FOR POTTERIES, BRICK AND |
♦ TILE PLANTS *

The very finest] deposits of {Kaolin, ]Fire and other Clavs in
great abundance along the

LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE RAILROAD

In the States of KENTUCKY. TENNESSEE, ALA¬
BAMA, GEORGIA, MISSISSIPPI, and FLORIDA.
Cheap Fuel. Good Markets. Unexcelled Transporta¬
tion Facilities. For further ^particulars, address

Q. A. PARK,

General Immigration and Industrial Agent

LOUISVILLE, - - KY.

University of Ullinois

Colleges and Schools of Literature and
Arts, Science, Engineering, Agriculture,
Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy,
Library Science and Education.

DEPARTMENT OF CLAY WORKING AND CERAMICS

ESTABLISHED IN 1905

Offers opportunities to students wishing technical
instruction which will help them to overcome the dif¬
ficulties confronting the manufacturer of clay products.

Free scholarships are open to regular students from
Illinois. Laboratory expenses reasonable.

For further information address the Registrar,
W. L. Pillsbury, or the Director,

Professor C. W. ROLFE,

Urbana, Illinois.

WHAT THE

SCIENTIFIC

SYSTEM”

CAN DO FOR YOU

The “SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”

offers you the opportunity of
entering into the manufacture
of the coming building ma¬
terial

SAND LIME

BRICK

This brick is strong and
durable. It can be manufac¬
tured in less time and at a
xower cost than any other
brick on the market.

OUR SCIENTIFIC

SYSTEM

will enable you to manufac¬
ture SAND LIME BRICK of the
very highest quality in less
than 24 HOURS.

The "SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM”
is the only system which
ABSOLUTELY INSURES uniform
quality of product. Our Pre¬
paring machine “RELIANCE”
is practically AUTOMATIC in
its operation, mixing and
preparing the raw materials
with the utmost precision,
yet requiring . the services of
but OrtE COMMON LABORER to
operate it.

We are ENGINEERS and
CONTRACTORS to the SAND
LIME BRICK INDUSTRY and

will erect and equip your
plant with the machinery of

the SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM” and

start you on the road to suc¬
cess.

Writ* us for particulars and we can
undoubtedly refer you to a plant
equipped by us and situated
in your vicinity

ScND FOR CATALOG No! 18

mm,

SYSTEM

•••9#

SATISFACTION

Is the only code word we can use for our WASTE HEAT DRYER.

GET CATALOGUE No. 56 S

NFW YOPK R1 flWFI? fO Chicago, Illinois Bucynjs, Ohio

IiLVY IvylxiX DLv W LI\ Philadelphia New York St. Louis

BOOKS YOU NEED IN YOUR BUSINESS

The Repair and flaintenance of Machinery

By Thomas W. Barber, C. E. A hand book of practical
notes and memoranda for engineers and machinery users,

166 pages— 417 illnstrations— 8 vo., cloth . . $3.50

How to Run Engines and Boilers

By Egbert Pomeroy Watson. A practical instruction for
young engineers and steam users. 125 pages— illustrated —

16 mo., cloth . $1.00

A Handbook of Engineering Laboratory Practice

Calcareous Cements

By G. R. Redgrave, C E. Their nature properties, and use.

Tha composition and process of making Portland and other
cements, analysis and cost . $3.50

American Cements

Bo Uriah Cummings. A treatise on the nature and prop¬
erties of natural and artificial hydraulic cements. 299
pages— Illustrated — 16 mo., cloth . $3.00

Notes on Concrete and Works in Concrete

Portland Cement

By B. D. Butler. Asso. M. Inst. C. E. A complete treatise
on the manufacture, testing and use of Portland cement.
Contains 360 pages, 85 illustrations, 8 vo., cloth bound, price $6.00

Architects' and Engineers’ Hand Book of Reinforced
Concrete Construction

This book describes and explains thoroughly the various
forms of modern concrete construction. 172 illustrations,

218 pages. Price . . . $2.00

The Blasting of Rock

In mines, quarries or tunnels. A. W. & Z W. Daw. A com¬
plete book giving weight of blast, how, when and where to
make it. 270 pages — 8 vo., cloth ... . $6.00

Will be sent postpaid on receipt of price.-

orders’™ CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING C0MPANY,%303 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO, U. S. A.

Steam Boilers

By James Peattie. Their management and workings on

land and sea — very complete. 230 pages — 12 mo., cloth . $2.00

The Pottery aud Porcelain of the United .States

Ay Edward Lee Barber, A. M., Ph. D. 210 illustrations
Octavo., gilt top . 93.50

The Story of the Potter

By Charles F. Binns. A popular account of the pottery and
porcelain industry. 250 pages— Illustrated— 16 mo . 76

Architectural Pottery

Translated from the French. Brictas, tiles, pipes, enamelled
terra cotta, stoneware, mosaics, faiences, and architectural
stoneware. In two parts. 8 vo., 496 illustrations. Price . $7.50

Notes on Pottery Clay

The distribution, properties, uses and analysis of ball clays,
china clays, and china stone. Crown— 8 vo., 132 pages, price. $1.50

Chemistry of Pottery

By Simeon Shaw. The chemistry of the Several natural
and artificial heterogeneous compounds used in the manu¬
facturing of porcelain, glass and pottery. 750 pages, price .$5.00

Engineering, Practice and Theory

By W. H. Wakeman. 184 pages— 5x7V4 inches. Price . $1.00

Sllico°Calcareous Sandstones (Sand Lime Brick)

By Ernst Stoffler. Treats on the formation of artificial brick
made from a mixture of lime and sand under the influence
of moisture. Raw materials, methods, manufacture.

Shows outline drawing of factories, elevations to detail.

Ground plans andSectional Elevations, .price . $1.00

Brick, Tiles and Terra Cotta

261 engravings — 8 vo., cloth . $10.00

Transactions of the American Ceramic Society

Containing the papers and discussions of the society. The
most complete information published. 5 vols. Price, each. $4.00

Manual of Ceramic Calculations

This book was compiled with great care and most com¬
plete. Price . $1.00

CLKV RECOft

Chicago Iron Clad Dryers

Are Invincible

Constructed with highest attainments in science of steam fitting and appliances
for economizing fuel. The Iron Clad for rapid drying, the Tender Clay for all clay
products that crack easily.

For perfection and economy in drying they are beyond competition.

Barron Tender Clay Dryer, Which DOES THE WORK

We construct and install Dryers adapted to drying all clay
products With greatest perfection and economy in fuel and labor

BARRON DRYER CO., 84 La Salle St., CHICAGO, ILL.

the “MARTIN’’ PRACTICAL
CLAY-WORKING MACHINERY

MARTIN’S STYLE “A” IN COMBINATION WITH TWO SANDING MACHINES

When a man finally gets a thorough understanding of the benefits that come to the Users of the
“MARTIN” Machinery — the time saved, the labor saved, the money saved — it dosen’t take him long
to place his order with the Lancaster People. The man who pays the bills and then has something to
show for his investment, is the man who has a “MARTIN” on his plant.

GIVE

YOTJ

THE

BENEFIT

FIFTY

YEARS

EX¬

PERIENCE

THE
MA¬
CHINERY
THAT
IS BUILT
ON THE
BEST
MECHAN¬
ICAL
LINES

BUILT

RIGHT

AND

LEFT

DOUBLE MOULD ENTRANCE STEAM POWER BRICK
MACHINE MARTIN’S STYLE “A”

VMII’T EflDPET That we are prepared to equip Brick Plants complete, includingJBrick
Ulini I rUllllC I Machinery, Dryers, Engines, Boilers, in fact everything required to
make a good Brick all ready for market. We guarantee our machinery too. Let us send you our
Catalogue No. ioo, describing “Everything the Brickmaker Needs” it’s free. Write us.

LET US TEST YOUR CLAY AND ADVISE YOU AS TO ITS MERITS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFG. CO. INC.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

new

q hmquss m<o Kisdo wQHjdtu {dciOKj |

CLRV RECORD.

MARTIN STEAM BRICK
“DRYING SYSTEM”

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 599109
October 10, 1905. No. 95520
November 14, 1905, No. 804489

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

From “Martin Patent System” Brick Dryer to Kilns.

ADAPTED FOB SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MEG. CO.. Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

i hcjokmosW fdOMjot1 4

•58

GLKY RECORU

gTON M

S? M

«r ,. Ar »cf. *o «»;»» '•

WKIUVCTON.0

. _ m c

ujuuu

m[T0>

MONARCH STOCK BBICK MACHINE
Capacity n from 80,000 t*» 50.000

BRICK anil TILE
MACHINERY

THE QUAKER

Horse or Steam Power. Capacity, 20,00 to SOjMi

1SICI OE TILE MACHINE, WITH AUTOMATIC TABLE

"We

Full

our

Guarantees."

We have a full line of Clay-Working Machinery, sand mold brick machines, auger brick and tile machines.
Automatic side and end cut tables, dies, molds, barrows, trucks, sanders, represses, pug mills. The only dawn cut,
reel side 5 rick cutter on the market for cutting face brick that do not require repressing. We can guarantee to make
you a better face brick with this cutter than you can get from any other cutter on the market.

B. E. LaDOW, - - Fredonia. Kansas.

•*

BBbvl*-.. 1 1 i 9 I

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